Cervical Pregnancy: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, And Annotated Research Guide To Internet References

CERVICAL PREGNANCY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES J...

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CERVICAL PREGNANCY A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright 2004 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Cervical Pregnancy: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-497-00214-0 1. Cervical Pregnancy-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on cervical pregnancy. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes&Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON CERVICAL PREGNANCY ............................................................................ 3 Overview........................................................................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Cervical Pregnancy....................................................................... 3 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed .................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND CERVICAL PREGNANCY ............................................ 31 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 31 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.................................................. 31 Additional Web Resources ........................................................................................................... 36 General References ....................................................................................................................... 36 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES ............................................................................................ 39 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 39 NIH Guidelines............................................................................................................................ 39 NIH Databases............................................................................................................................. 41 Other Commercial Databases....................................................................................................... 43 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES ................................................................................................. 45 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 45 Patient Guideline Sources............................................................................................................ 45 Finding Associations.................................................................................................................... 47 APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES .................................................................................. 49 Overview...................................................................................................................................... 49 Preparation................................................................................................................................... 49 Finding a Local Medical Library.................................................................................................. 49 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada ................................................................................... 49 ONLINE GLOSSARIES.................................................................................................................. 55 Online Dictionary Directories ..................................................................................................... 55 CERVICAL PREGNANCY DICTIONARY ................................................................................. 57 INDEX ................................................................................................................................................ 71

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with cervical pregnancy is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about cervical pregnancy, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to cervical pregnancy, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on cervical pregnancy. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to cervical pregnancy, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on cervical pregnancy. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON CERVICAL PREGNANCY Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on cervical pregnancy.

Federally Funded Research on Cervical Pregnancy The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to cervical pregnancy. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to cervical pregnancy. For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore cervical pregnancy.

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3

Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH). 3 PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text 2

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The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with cervical pregnancy, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “cervical pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for cervical pregnancy (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

A 22-week cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Has R, Ermis H, Ibrahimoglu L, Yildirim A. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 2000; 50(2): 139-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10965201

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A case of cervical pregnancy treated with methotrexate. Author(s): Camli L, Senyurt H, Kahramani H, Gokmen B. Source: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 1995; 40(3): 213-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8529958

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A case of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Centini G, Rosignoli L, Severi FM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 July; 171(1): 272-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8030715

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A case of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Heller I. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1968 December 28; 42(49): 1339-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5716365

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A case of conservative management of cervical pregnancy using selective angiographic embolization. Author(s): Dilbaz S, Atasay B, Bilgic S, Caliskan E, Oral S, Haberal A. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001 January; 80(1): 87-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11167197

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A case report: cervical pregnancy with placenta percreta an ultrasonic assisted diagnosis. Author(s): Monks PL, Catalano S, Close PJ. Source: Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol. 1993 March; 19(1): 37-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8489465

journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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A conservative surgical treatment of cervical pregnancy with active bleeding--uterine artery ligation and cervicotomy. Author(s): Su TH, Wang YD, Chen CP, Lei SY. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1992 April; 37(4): 275-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1350543

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A new surgical technique for the treatment of cervical pregnancy in the course of the first ten weeks. Author(s): Dobrovici V. Source: Rom Med Rev. 1968; 12(3): 62-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5696374

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Advanced cervical pregnancy treated with actinomycin-D. Author(s): Brand E, Gibbs RS, Davidson SA. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1993 May; 100(5): 491-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8518253

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Advanced cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Pro A, Mansueto GB. Source: Riv Eur Sci Med Farmacol. 1996 March-April; 18(2): 79-81. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9177604

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Advanced cervical pregnancy: uterus-sparing therapy initiated with a combination of methotrexate and mifepristone followed by evacuation and local hemostatic measures. Author(s): Heikinheimo O, Leminen A, Cacciatore B, Rutanen EM, Kajanoja P. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2004 February; 83(2): 211-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14756743

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An unusual case of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Cohen I, Altaras M, Cordoba M, Aderet NB. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1985; 64(4): 335-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4024884

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Are serum human chorionic gonadotropin clearance curves of use in monitoring methotrexate treatment in cervical pregnancy? Author(s): Hajenius PJ, Roos D, Ankum WM, Van der Veen F. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1998 August; 70(2): 362-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9696237

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Arias-Stella reaction associated with cervical pregnancy. Report of a case with a cytologic presentation. Author(s): Mulvany NJ, Khan A, Ostor A. Source: Acta Cytol. 1994 March-April; 38(2): 218-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8147213

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Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation in cervical pregnancy: conservation of reproductive function. Author(s): Nelson RM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1979 May 15; 134(2): 145-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=453240

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Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation in cervical pregnancy: conservation of reproductive function. Author(s): Nelson RM. Source: Trans Pac Coast Obstet Gynecol Soc. 1979; 46: 44-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=556216

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Case report: an exaggerated placental site with a cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Kase H, Kodama S, Yahata T, Aoki Y, Tanaka K. Source: The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 1996 August; 22(4): 379-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8870423

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Case report: Cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Lange AP, Sjoolie AK. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1975; 54(1): 91-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1114888

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Cervical pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer successfully treated with methotrexate and intracervical injection of vasopressin. Author(s): Hsieh BC, Lin YH, Huang LW, Chang JZ, Seow KM, Pan HS, Hwang JL. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2004 January; 83(1): 112-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14678095

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Cervical pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Author(s): Weyerman PC, Verhoeven AT, Alberda AT. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989 November; 161(5): 1145-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2487038

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Cervical pregnancy analysis: a review and report of five cases. Author(s): Parente JT, Ou CS, Levy J, Legatt E. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1983 July; 62(1): 79-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6856229

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Cervical pregnancy and therapeutic options. Author(s): Bagga R, Jain V, Kalra J, Gopalan S, Kumari S. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001 July; 80(7): 663-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11437728

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Cervical pregnancy and ultra-sound examination. Author(s): Eriksen PS. Source: Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol. 1978 December; 182(6): 458-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=741853

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Cervical pregnancy as a possible sequela of induced abortion. Report of 19 cases. Author(s): Shinagawa S, Nagayama M. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1969 September 15; 105(2): 2824. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5810457

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Cervical pregnancy associated with uterine leiomyomas. Author(s): Dees HC. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1966 August; 59(8): 900 Passim. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5917097

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Cervical pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasound. Author(s): Werber J, Prasadarao PR, Harris VJ. Source: Radiology. 1983 October; 149(1): 279-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6611937

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Cervical pregnancy ending in a live birth. Author(s): Mitrani A. Source: J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1973 August; 80(8): 761-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4725958

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Cervical pregnancy ending in a live vaginal birth. Author(s): Kalakoutis GM, Lilford RJ. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1985 November; 20(5): 319-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3908180

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Cervical pregnancy following in vitro fertilization: evacuation after uterine artery embolization with subsequent successful intrauterine pregnancy. Author(s): Pattinson HA, Dunphy BC, Wood S, Saliken J. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1994 August; 34(4): 492-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7848252

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Cervical pregnancy following ultrasound-guided embryo transfer. Methotrexate treatment in spite of high beta-HCG levels. Author(s): Sieck UV, Hollanders JM, Jaroudi KA, Al-Took S. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1997 May; 12(5): 1114. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9194678

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Cervical pregnancy in an HIV-infected patient treated by uterine artery embolisation and methotrexate. Author(s): Urbani G, Cronje HS. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 2003 October; 93(10): 776-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14652969

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Cervical pregnancy managed by balloon tamponade. Author(s): Patchell RD. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1984 May 1; 149(1): 107. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6372486

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Cervical pregnancy managed by local excision. Author(s): Farghaly SA, Mathie JG. Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal. 1980 November; 56(661): 789. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7267483

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Cervical pregnancy managed by local excision. Author(s): Whittle MJ. Source: British Medical Journal. 1976 October 2; 2(6039): 795-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=974616

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Cervical pregnancy managed by placement of a Shirodkar cerclage before evacuation. A case report. Author(s): Wharton KR, Gore B. Source: J Reprod Med. 1988 February; 33(2): 227-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3351824

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Cervical pregnancy managed by suction evacuation and balloon tamponade. Author(s): Okeahialam MG, Tuffnell DJ, O'Donovan P, Sapherson DA. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1998 July; 79(1): 89-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9643410

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Cervical pregnancy managed without hysterectomy. Author(s): Rahimi MA, Benny PS. Source: N Z Med J. 1999 November 26; 112(1100): 447-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10678244

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Cervical pregnancy managed without hysterectomy. A case report. Author(s): Nolan TE, Chandler PE, Hess LW, Morrison JC. Source: J Reprod Med. 1989 March; 34(3): 241-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2657046

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Cervical pregnancy successfully treated with a sequential combination of methotrexate and mifepristone. Author(s): Sexton C, Sharp N. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002 May; 42(2): 211-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12069153

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Cervical pregnancy successfully treated with chemotherapy. Author(s): Bakri YN, Badawi A. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1990; 69(7-8): 655-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2094151

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Cervical pregnancy treated by ligation of the descending branch of the uterine arteries. Case report. Author(s): Ratten GJ. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1983 April; 90(4): 367-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6838792

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Cervical pregnancy treated with a single intravenous administration of methotrexate plus oral folinic acid. Author(s): Margolis K. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2000 August; 40(3): 347-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11065047

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Cervical pregnancy treated with methotrexate. Author(s): Farabow WS, Fulton JW, Fletcher V Jr, Velat CA, White JT. Source: N C Med J. 1983 March; 44(3): 91-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6302525

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Cervical pregnancy treated with methotrexate. A case report. Author(s): Skannal D, Burkman RT. Source: J Reprod Med. 1989 July; 34(7): 496-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2671363

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Cervical pregnancy with hydatidiform mole. Author(s): Chapman K. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001 July; 80(7): 657-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11437725

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Cervical pregnancy with placenta accreta. Author(s): Sheiner E, Yohai D, Katz M. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1999 May; 65(2): 211-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10405070

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Cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Petterson C, Chan D. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1983 May 28; 1(11): 526-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6843446

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Cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Ranade V, Palermino A, Tronik B. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1978 April; 51(4): 502-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=662235

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Cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Fahmy K, Zikry AM, Hassan S. Source: Int Surg. 1971 February; 55(2): 127-30. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5545539

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Cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Strawn EY. Source: Wis Med J. 1968 October; 67(10): 522-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5703600

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Cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Mortimer CW, Aiken DA. Source: J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1968 July; 75(7): 741-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5662035

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Cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Price JJ, Webster A. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1967 September 1; 99(1): 134-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6034966

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Cervical pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Sepulveda WH, Vinals F, Donetch G, Ciuffardi I, Varela J. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1993; 252(3): 155-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8503707

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Cervical pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Roussis P, Ball RH, Fleischer AC, Herbert CM 3rd. Source: J Reprod Med. 1992 May; 37(5): 479-81. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1507197

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Cervical pregnancy. A report of two cases. Author(s): Thomas RL, Gingold BR, Gallagher MW. Source: J Reprod Med. 1991 June; 36(6): 459-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1865404

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Cervical pregnancy. Case report and literature review. Author(s): DaCosta V, Wynter S, Frederick J, Wynter H, Fletcher H. Source: The West Indian Medical Journal. 2002 December; 51(4): 257-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12632646

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Cervical pregnancy: a case report. Author(s): Boyko TR, O'brien JF. Source: Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2001 August; 38(2): 177-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11468614

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Cervical pregnancy: assessment with three-dimensional power Doppler imaging and successful management with selective uterine artery embolization. Author(s): Su YN, Shih JC, Chiu WH, Lee CN, Cheng WF, Hsieh FJ. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1999 October; 14(4): 284-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10586481

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Cervical Pregnancy

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Cervical pregnancy: can age and parity be predisposing factors? Author(s): Sonmez AS, Kafkasli A, Balat O, Sarac K, Uryan I, Turhan O, Aydin NE. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1994 October; 73(9): 734-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7976252

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Cervical pregnancy: case report and literature review. Author(s): Kouyoumdjian A. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 1984 August; 76(8): 791-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6381743

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Cervical pregnancy: case reports and a current literature review. Author(s): Marcovici I, Rosenzweig BA, Brill AI, Khan M, Scommegna A. Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1994 January; 49(1): 49-55. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8134052

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Cervical pregnancy: case reports and current concepts in diagnosis and treatment. Author(s): Hofmann HM, Urdl W, Hofler H, Honigl W, Tamussino K. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1987; 241(1): 63-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3314739

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Cervical pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Author(s): Koetsawang A. Source: J Med Assoc Thai. 1983 October; 66(10): 655-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6686605

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Cervical pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Author(s): Rothe DJ, Birnbaum SJ. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1973 November; 42(5): 675-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4749570

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Cervical pregnancy: diagnosis and treatment. Author(s): Kpamor JI. Source: Trop Doct. 1998 October; 28(4): 241-2. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9803854

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Cervical pregnancy: hysterectomy avoided with the use of a large Foley catheter balloon. Author(s): Hurley VA, Beischer NA. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1988 August; 28(3): 230-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3069090

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Cervical pregnancy: past and future. Author(s): Ushakov FB, Elchalal U, Aceman PJ, Schenker JG. Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1997 January; 52(1): 45-59. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8994238

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Cervical pregnancy: report of a case at twenty-two weeks' gestation. Author(s): Barkley KL, Creighton RK. Source: N C Med J. 1967 November; 28(11): 480-1. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5235904

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Cervical pregnancy: report of a case. Author(s): Wiener WB. Source: J Miss State Med Assoc. 1979 January; 20(1): 1-3. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=762708

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Cervical pregnancy: report of three cases and a review of the literature. Author(s): Khosravi H, Campbell JW, Giustini FG. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1976; 14(3): 237-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=13010

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Cervical pregnancy: three case reports and a review of the literature. Author(s): Van de Meerssche M, Verdonk P, Jacquemyn Y, Serreyn R, Gerris J. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1995 July; 10(7): 1850-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8582996

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Cervical pregnancy: transvaginal sonographic diagnosis and conservative surgical management after failure of systemic methotrexate. Author(s): Leon G, Hidalgo L, Chedraui P. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003 June; 21(6): 620-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12808684

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Cervical pregnancy: two case reports. Author(s): Rosenman S, Kleinman G. Source: Conn Med. 2002 February; 66(2): 71-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11908189

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Cervical pregnancy-a conservative stepwise approach. Author(s): Hajenius PJ, Van der Veen F, Ankum WM. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 October; 14(10): 2677-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10528007

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Cervical Pregnancy

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Cervical pregnancy--a conservative stepwise approach. Author(s): Yitzhak M, Orvieto R, Nitke S, Neuman-Levin M, Ben-Rafael Z, Schoenfeld A. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 March; 14(3): 847-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10221725

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Cervical pregnancy--a forgotten entity in family practice. Author(s): Acosta DA. Source: The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice / American Board of Family Practice. 1997 July-August; 10(4): 290-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9228624

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Cervical pregnancy--report of a case with unsuccessful treatment of methotrexate. Author(s): Cheng YT, Chang FM, Hsieh FJ, Hsieh CY, Lee EF, Lee TY. Source: Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1986 October; 85(10): 1000-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3469303

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Cervical Shirodkar cerclage may be the treatment modality of choice for cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Mashiach S, Admon D, Oelsner G, Paz B, Achiron R, Zalel Y. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2002 February; 17(2): 493-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11821302

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Cervico-hysterosalpingography in cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Matracaru G, Iacob C, Constantinescu P, Benescu L, Rogozeanu E. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1966 April 1; 94(7): 929-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=5929926

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Characteristic MR findings of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Jung SE, Byun JY, Lee JM, Choi BG, Hahn ST. Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : Jmri. 2001 June; 13(6): 918-22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11382953

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Combination of laparoscopic bilateral uterine artery ligation and intraamniotic methotrexate injection for conservative management of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Lin H, Kung FT. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 2003 May; 10(2): 215-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12732775

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Combined intrauterine and cervical pregnancy from in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Author(s): Dimitry ES, Oskarsson T, Mills M, Margara R, Winston RM. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1989 November; 52(5): 874-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2806625

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Combined intrauterine and cervical pregnancy from in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Author(s): Bayati J, Garcia JE, Dorsey JH, Padilla SL. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1989 April; 51(4): 725-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2924942

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Combined intra-uterine and cervical pregnancy treated successfully with methotrexate. Author(s): Bratta FG, Ceci O, Loizzi P. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1996 May; 53(2): 173-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8735300

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Combined systemic and intra-amniotic treatment of cervical pregnancy by methotrexate. A report of two cases. Author(s): Kaminopetros P, Watson AJ, Martinez D, Rand RJ, Thornton JG. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1996 September; 68(1-2): 231-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8886714

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Comparison of transabdominal and endovaginal sonographic approaches in the diagnosis of a case of cervical pregnancy successfully treated with methotrexate. Author(s): Sherer DM, Abramowicz JS, Thompson HO, Liberto L, Angel C, Woods JR Jr. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1991 July; 10(7): 409-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1870187

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Conservative handling of the uterus in a 10-week cervical pregnancy case. Author(s): Yoshida S, Furuhashi M, Itakura A, Furuhashi Y, Suganuma N. Source: Nagoya J Med Sci. 1997 November; 60(3-4): 139-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9481093

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Conservative management of an 11-week cervical pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Eblen AC, Pridham DD, Tatum CM Jr. Source: J Reprod Med. 1999 January; 44(1): 61-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9987743

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Conservative management of cervical pregnancy with subsequent fertility. Author(s): Ayromlooi J. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 September; 163(3): 1093-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2403138

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Conservative management of cervical pregnancy with subsequent fertility. Author(s): Bachus KE, Stone D, Suh B, Thickman D. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 February; 162(2): 450-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2309828

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Conservative management options for cervical pregnancy; case reports and literature review. Author(s): Creinin MD, Feldstein VA. Source: Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1995 July-August; 40(4): 175-86. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8520618

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Conservative operation in cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Umezawa M, Iwasaki H, Inoue Y. Source: J Jpn Obstet Gynecol Soc. 1967 April; 14(2): 103-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6073207

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Conservative treatment by angiographic artery embolization of an 11-week cervical pregnancy after a period of heavy bleeding. Author(s): Suzumori N, Katano K, Sato T, Okada J, Nakanishi T, Muto D, Suzuki Y, Ikuta K, Suzumori K. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2003 September; 80(3): 617-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12969708

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Conservative treatment of a cervical pregnancy with local methotrexate injection. Author(s): Miyamura T, Masuzaki H, Ishimaru T. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1994 April; 45(1): 62-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7913065

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Conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy by curettage and local prostaglandin injection. Author(s): Spitzer D, Steiner H, Graf A, Zajc M, Staudach A. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1997 April; 12(4): 860-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9159458

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Conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy by evacuation after transvaginal suture ligation of the cervicovaginal branches of uterine arteries. Author(s): Saygili Yilmaz ES, Aydin D, Yilmaz Z. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2002 October; 81(10): 988-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12366494

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Conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Bernstein D, Holzinger M, Ovadia J, Frishman B. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1981 December; 58(6): 741-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7312241

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Conservative treatment of postpartum hemorrhage in a second-trimester cervical pregnancy. Author(s): ten Kate-Booij MJ, Wallenburg HC. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1984 September 1; 150(1): 103-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6332535

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Conservative vaginal surgery for cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Akutagawa N, Nishikawa A, Saito T, Sagae S, Kudo R. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2001 August; 108(8): 888-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11510719

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Conserving fertility with early management of cervical pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Kligman I, Adachi TJ, Katz E, McClamrock HD, Jockle GA, Barakat B. Source: J Reprod Med. 1995 October; 40(10): 743-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8551482

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Control of bleeding in cervical pregnancy: two case reports. Author(s): Reginald PW, Reid JE, Paintin DB. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1985 November; 92(11): 1199-200. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4063240

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Delayed diagnosis of cervical pregnancy: management options. Author(s): Sivalingam N, Mak FK. Source: Singapore Med J. 2000 December; 41(12): 599-601. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11296786

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Diagnosis and treatment of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Kuppuswami N, Vindekilde J, Sethi CM, Seshadri M, Freese UE. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1983 May; 61(5): 651-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6601252

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Diagnosis and treatment of cervical pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Weissman A, Hakim M. Source: J Reprod Med. 1993 August; 38(8): 656-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8410877

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Diagnosis and treatment of early cervical pregnancy: a review and a report of two cases treated conservatively. Author(s): Jurkovic D, Hacket E, Campbell S. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 December; 8(6): 373-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9014275

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Diagnosis of cervical pregnancy by ultrasonography. Author(s): Zarabi M, Butkiewicz BL, Mazer J. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1983 July; 2(7): 333-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6864881

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Diagnosis of cervical pregnancy by ultrasound: a case report. Author(s): Raskin MM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1978 January 15; 130(2): 234-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=619667

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Diagnostic and therapeutic imaging in a case of cervical pregnancy. Clinical aspects and ethical implications. Author(s): Gui B, Missere M, Di Stasi C, Manfredi R, Lafuenti G, Spagnolo AG. Source: Rays. 2003 April-June; 28(2): 167-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14509191

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Early cervical pregnancy: ultrasonic diagnosis and conservative treatment. Author(s): Gitstein S, Ballas S, Schujman E, Peyser MR, Toaf R. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1979 December; 54(6): 758-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=514565

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Early diagnosis and successful nonsurgical treatment of viable combined intrauterine and cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Peleg D, Bar-Hava I, Neuman-Levin M, Ashkenazi J, Ben-Rafael Z. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1994 August; 62(2): 405-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8034092

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Early diagnosis and treatment of cervical pregnancy in an in vitro fertilization program. Author(s): Ginsburg ES, Frates MC, Rein MS, Fox JH, Hornstein MD, Friedman AJ. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1994 May; 61(5): 966-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8174738

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Ectopic cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Chow TT, Lindahl S. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1979 June; 7(3): 217-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=110848

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Embolization of the uterine arteries before termination of a 15-week cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Saliken JC, Normore WJ, Pattinson HA, Wood S. Source: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'association Canadienne Des Radiologistes. 1994 October; 45(5): 399-401. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7922724

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Etiology of cervical pregnancy. Association with abortion, pelvic pathology, IUDs and Asherman's syndrome. Author(s): Dicker D, Feldberg D, Samuel N, Goldman JA. Source: J Reprod Med. 1985 January; 30(1): 25-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4038744

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Failed cervical pregnancy with levonorgestrel containing intrauterine contraceptive device. Author(s): Trivedi AN, Ngu A. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2002 May; 42(2): 210-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12069152

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Failed conservative management of cervical pregnancy despite falling beta-HCG. Author(s): Weston G, Kashyap R. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2001 August; 41(3): 346-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11592559

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Failed methotrexate treatment of cervical pregnancy. Predictive factors. Author(s): Bai SW, Lee JS, Park JH, Kim JY, Jung KA, Kim SK, Park KH. Source: J Reprod Med. 2002 June; 47(6): 483-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12092018

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Heterotopic cervical pregnancy successfully treated with transvaginal ultrasoundguided aspiration and cervical-stay sutures. Author(s): Chen D, Kligman I, Rosenwaks Z. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2001 May; 75(5): 1030-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11334923

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Heterotopic cervical pregnancy: a case report. Author(s): Porpora MG, D'Elia C, Bellavia M, Pultrone DC, Cosmi EV. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2003 November; 82(11): 1058-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14616283

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Hysterectomy in women with cervical pregnancy complicated by life-threatening bleeding: a case report. Author(s): Palazzetti PL, Cipriano L, Spera G, Aboulkilair MN, Pachi A. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1997; 24(2): 74-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9342466

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Induced abortion as a risk factor for cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Shinagawa S, Nagayama M. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1982 August 1; 143(7): 853-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7102758

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Inevitable hysterectomy despite conservative surgical management in advanced cervical pregnancy: a case report. Author(s): Tuncer R, Uygur D, Kis S, Kayin S, Bebitoglu I, Erkaya S. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2001 December 10; 100(1): 102-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11728669

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Intra abdominal rupture of first trimester cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Marcellus M, Jenkins DM, Keohane C. Source: Ir J Med Sci. 1989 January; 158(1): 20-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2661490

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Intra-uterine insemination, cervical pregnancy and successful treatment with methotrexate. Author(s): Balasch J, Penarrubia J, Ballesca JL, Creus M, Casamitjana R, Vanrell JA. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1994 August; 9(8): 1580-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7989526

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Intrauterine pregnancy following conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Faustin D, Chen PC, Pose M. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1987 August; 6(8): 467-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3625839

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Management of cervical pregnancy with circumsuture and intracervical obturator. Author(s): Scott JW, Diggory PL, Edelman PJ. Source: British Medical Journal. 1978 April 1; 1(6116): 825. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=346144

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Management of cervical pregnancy: risk factors for failed systemic methotrexate. Author(s): Hidalgo LA, Penafiel J, Chedraui PA. Source: Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2004; 32(2): 184-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15085898

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Massive obstetric haemorrhage resulting from a conservatively managed cervical pregnancy at delivery of its twin. Author(s): Olah KS. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003 October; 110(10): 956-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14550368

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Medical management of a cervical pregnancy: a case report. Author(s): Gianetto-Berruti A, Feyles V, Mohide PT. Source: J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2003 October; 25(10): 858-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14532955

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Medical management of cervical pregnancy--a report of two cases. Author(s): Chew S, Anandakumar C. Source: Singapore Med J. 2001 November; 42(11): 537-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11876382

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Methotrexate and angiographic embolization for conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Marston LM, Dotters DJ, Katz VL. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1996 February; 89(2): 246-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8578363

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Methotrexate for cervical pregnancy. A case report. Author(s): Celik C, Bala A, Acar A, Gezginc K, Akyurek C. Source: J Reprod Med. 2003 February; 48(2): 130-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12621800

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Methotrexate treatment for cervical pregnancy: experience of four cases. Author(s): Chao KH, Shyu MK, Juang GT, Hsieh FJ, Chen HY. Source: J Formos Med Assoc. 1993 May; 92(5): 426-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7691303

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MR appearance of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Rafal RB, Kosovsky PA, Markisz JA. Source: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 1990 May-June; 14(3): 482-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2335624

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Nonmetastatic trophoblastic neoplasia of the cervix following termination of a cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Sohn N, Chen S, Kalra J. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 October; 88(4 Pt 2): 733. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8841279

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Nonsurgical treatment of a viable cervical pregnancy with intra-amniotic methotrexate. Author(s): Kaplan BR, Brandt T, Javaheri G, Scommegna A. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1990 May; 53(5): 941-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2185046

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Preoperative angiographic uterine artery embolization in the management of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Lobel SM, Meyerovitz MF, Benson CC, Goff B, Bengtson JM. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 November; 76(5 Pt 2): 938-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2216260

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Preoperative uterine artery embolization and evacuation in the management of cervical pregnancy: report of two cases. Author(s): Ryu KY, Kim SR, Cho SH, Song SY. Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2001 December; 16(6): 801-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11748367

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Preoperative uterine artery embolization in cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Meyerovitz MF, Lobel SM, Harrington DP, Bengtson JM. Source: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology : Jvir. 1991 February; 2(1): 95-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1799754

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Prognostic factors for an unsatisfactory primary methotrexate treatment of cervical pregnancy: a quantitative review. Author(s): Hung TH, Shau WY, Hsieh TT, Hsu JJ, Soong YK, Jeng CJ. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1998 September; 13(9): 2636-42. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9806299

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Recurrent cervical pregnancy after assisted reproduction by intrafallopian transfer. Author(s): Qasim SM, Bohrer MK, Kemmann E. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 May; 87(5 Pt 2): 831-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8677105

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Reproductive performance after cervical pregnancy: a review. Author(s): Barham JM, Paine M. Source: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1989 September; 44(9): 650-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2671842

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Second-trimester cervical pregnancy presenting as a failed labor induction. Author(s): Kinzler WL, Scorza W, Schen-Schwarz S, Vintzileos AM. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000 November; 96(5 Pt 2): 839. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11094231

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Selective uterine artery embolization in the treatment of cervical pregnancy: two case reports. Author(s): Simon P, Donner C, Delcour C, Kirkpatrick C, Rodesch F. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1991 July 1; 40(2): 159-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2070953

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Simultaneous intrauterine and cervical pregnancies after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in a patient with a history of a previous cervical pregnancy. Case report. Author(s): Davies DW, Masson GM, McNeal AD, Gadd SC. Source: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1990 July; 97(7): 634-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2202433

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Sonographic evolution of a living cervical pregnancy treated with intraamniotic instillation of methotrexate. Author(s): Hung TH, Chiu TH, Hsu JJ, Chen KC, Hsieh CC, Hsieh TT. Source: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 1997 December; 16(12): 843-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9401999

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Spontaneous miscarriage of a cervical pregnancy and continuation of intra-uterine pregnancy following in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. Author(s): Livingstone M, Jansen RP, Anderson JC. Source: The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2000 November; 40(4): 464-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11194439

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Subsequent reproduction and obstetric outcome after methotrexate treatment of cervical pregnancy: a review of original literature and international collaborative follow-up. Author(s): Kung FT, Chang SY, Tsai YC, Hwang FR, Hsu TY, Soong YK. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1997 March; 12(3): 591-5. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9130765

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Successful management of a 10-week cervical pregnancy with a combination of methotrexate and potassium chloride feticide. Author(s): Kung FT, Chang JC, Hsu TY, Changchien CC, Soong YK. Source: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 1995 August; 74(7): 580-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7618463

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Successful management of a viable cervical pregnancy by single-dose methotrexate. Author(s): Goldberg JM, Widrich T. Source: Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine. 2000 January-February; 9(1): 43-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10718504

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Successful management of viable cervical pregnancy by local injection of methotrexate guided by transvaginal ultrasonography. Author(s): Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A, Mandeville EO, Peisner DB, Anaya GP, Pirrone EC. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994 March; 170(3): 737-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8141192

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Successful nonsurgical treatment of cervical pregnancy with methotrexate. Author(s): Stovall TG, Ling FW, Smith WC, Felker R, Rasco BJ, Buster JE. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1988 October; 50(4): 672-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3169292

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Successful pregnancy after previous conservative treatment of an advanced cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Wolcott HD, Kaunitz AM, Nuss RC, Benrubi GE. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 June; 71(6 Pt 2): 1023-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3287250

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Successful pregnancy after transabdominal cervical evacuation of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Kim DS, Kang KC. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1983 October; 62(4): 522. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6888831

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Successful pregnancy after treatment of cervical pregnancy with methotrexate and curettage. A case report. Author(s): Mantalenakis S, Tsalikis T, Grimbizis G, Aktsalis A, Mamopoulos M, Farmakides G. Source: J Reprod Med. 1995 May; 40(5): 409-14. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7608889

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Successful pregnancy following conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy with methotrexate. Author(s): Zohav E, Gemer O, Sassoon E, Segal S. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1995 January; 48(1): 97-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7698393

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Successful resection of a heterotopic cervical pregnancy resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Author(s): Jozwiak EA, Ulug U, Akman MA, Bahceci M. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 2003 February; 79(2): 428-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12568859

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Successful termination of a cervical pregnancy with misoprostol. Author(s): Mendilcioglu I, Zorlu CG, Simsek M. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2003 January 10; 106(1): 96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12475593

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Successful transvaginal ultrasound-guided puncture and injection of a cervical pregnancy in a patient with simultaneous intrauterine pregnancy and a history of a previous cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Monteagudo A, Tarricone NJ, Timor-Tritsch IE, Lerner JP. Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1996 December; 8(6): 381-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9014276

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Successful treatment of a cervical pregnancy by intracervical vasopressin. Author(s): Hwang JL, Hsieh BC, Huang LW, Seow KM, Pan HS, Chen HJ. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2004 April; 111(4): 387-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=15008780

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Successful treatment of a cervical pregnancy with a single low dose methotrexate regimen. Author(s): Dotters DJ, Katz VL, Kuller JA, McCoy MC. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1995 June; 60(2): 187-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7641973

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Successful treatment of a live cervical pregnancy with methotrexate and folinic acid. A case report. Author(s): Kaplan BR, Brandt T, Javaheri G, Scommegna A. Source: J Reprod Med. 1989 October; 34(10): 853-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2677359

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Successful treatment of a viable cervical pregnancy with methotrexate. Author(s): Palti Z, Rosenn B, Goshen R, Ben-Chitrit A, Yagel S. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989 November; 161(5): 1147-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2686443

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Successful treatment of cervical pregnancy by cervical evacuation after use of methotrexate. Author(s): Kim DS, Hwang YY, Park MI. Source: Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989 March; 15(1): 71-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2786716

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The use of methotrexate and arterial embolization to avoid surgery in a case of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Cosin JA, Bean M, Grow D, Wiczyk H. Source: Fertility and Sterility. 1997 June; 67(6): 1169-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9176464

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Therapeutic strategies in cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Dall P, Pfisterer J, du Bois A, Wilhelm C, Pfleiderer A. Source: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 1994 September; 56(3): 195-200. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7821493

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Transabdominal cerclage in the management of cervical pregnancy: three case reports. Author(s): Serrati A, Loverro G, Cormio G. Source: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 1995; 256(2): 103-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7611817

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Transvaginal colour Doppler diagnosis and assessment of a heterotopic cervical pregnancy terminated by forceps evacuation following in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. Author(s): Seow KM, Hwang JL, Tsai YL, Lin YH, Hsieh BC, Huang SC. Source: Bjog : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002 September; 109(9): 1072-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12269686

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Treatment of cervical pregnancy with cerclage, curettage and balloon tamponade. A report of three cases. Author(s): Fylstra DL, Coffey MD. Source: J Reprod Med. 2001 January; 46(1): 71-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11209638

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Treatment of cervical pregnancy with methotrexate. Author(s): Hung TH, Jeng CJ, Yang YC, Wang KG, Lan CC. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 1996 June; 53(3): 243-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8793626

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Treatment of cervical pregnancy with methotrexate. Author(s): Sherer DM. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 August; 163(2): 693-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2386172

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Treatment of cervical pregnancy with methotrexate. Author(s): Oyer R, Tarakjian D, Lev-Toaff A, Friedman A, Chatwani A. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 March; 71(3 Pt 2): 469-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3279359

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Triplet cervical pregnancy treated with intraamniotic methotrexate. Author(s): Jeong EH, Kim YB, Ji IW, Kim HS. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002 November; 100(5 Pt 2): 1117-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12423828

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Two cases of cervical pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer to the lower uterine cavity. Author(s): Bennett S, Waterstone J, Parsons J, Creighton S. Source: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 1993 January; 10(1): 100-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8499672

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Ultrasonic diagnosis of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Williams RS, Horger EO 3rd. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1982 November-December; 10(9): 454-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6816833

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Ultrasonographic differentiation of cervical abortion from cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Vas W, Suresh PL, Tang-Barton P, Salimi Z, Carlin B. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1984 November-December; 12(9): 553-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6439749

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Ultrasound diagnosis of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Szeja ZJ, Rahaghi A, Rentz FP. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1980 February 1; 136(3): 416-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7352538

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Unrecognized cervical pregnancy treated by suction curettage and cervicovaginal tamponade. Author(s): Habek D, Habek JC, Curzik D. Source: Zentralblatt Fur Gynakologie. 2002 March; 124(3): 184-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12070799

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Unusual case of cervical pregnancy after curettage for a presumptive diagnosis of intrauterine blighted ovum. Author(s): Di Serio C, Caccavale C, Borriello M, Rotondi M, Di Serio M, Rotondi M, Tolino A, Carella C. Source: Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 30(1): 67-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12731750

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Use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Bader-Armstrong B, Shah Y, Rubens D. Source: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound : Jcu. 1989 May; 17(4): 283-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2497147

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Uterine artery embolization in a 10-week cervical pregnancy with coexisting fibroids. Author(s): Has R, Balci NC, Ibrahimoglu L, Rozanes I, Topuz S. Source: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2001 March; 72(3): 253-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11226446

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Uterine artery embolization--a successful treatment to control bleeding cervical pregnancy with a simultaneous intrauterine gestation. Author(s): Honey L, Leader A, Claman P. Source: Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 1999 February; 14(2): 553-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10100008

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Viable cervical pregnancy managed with systemic Methotrexate, uterine artery embolization, and local tamponade with inflated Foley catheter balloon. Author(s): Sherer DM, Lysikiewicz A, Abulafia O. Source: American Journal of Perinatology. 2003 July; 20(5): 263-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=13680510

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CHAPTER 2. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND CERVICAL PREGNANCY Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to cervical pregnancy. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to cervical pregnancy and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “cervical pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to cervical pregnancy: •

A case-control study of primary caesarean section at the Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea, to identify epidemiological predictors of abdominal delivery. Author(s): Amoa AB, Klufio CA, Arua S, Kariwiga G, Wurr F. Source: P N G Med J. 1997 September-December; 40(3-4): 119-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10750408

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A changed responsiveness to oestrogen in ewes with clover disease. Author(s): Adams NR. Source: J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 1981; 30: 223-30. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6762423

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A national survey of herbal preparation use by nurse-midwives for labor stimulation. Review of the literature and recommendations for practice. Author(s): McFarlin BL, Gibson MH, O'Rear J, Harman P. Source: Journal of Nurse-Midwifery. 1999 May-June; 44(3): 205-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10380441

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Acupuncture for cervical ripening and induction of labor at term--a randomized controlled trial. Author(s): Rabl M, Ahner R, Bitschnau M, Zeisler H, Husslein P. Source: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2001 December 17; 113(23-24): 942-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11802511

•

Acupuncture for induction of labour. Author(s): Smith CA, Crowther CA. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004; (1): Cd002962. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14973999

•

Acupuncture for induction of labour. Author(s): Smith CA, Crowther CA. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001; (1): Cd002962. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11279787

•

Acupuncture for the induction of cervical dilatation in preparation for first-trimester abortion and its influence on HCG. Author(s): Ying YK, Lin JT, Robins J. Source: J Reprod Med. 1985 July; 30(7): 530-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=4032390

•

Advances in the chemotherapy of gynecologic cancer. Author(s): Neijt JP. Source: Current Opinion in Oncology. 1994 September; 6(5): 531-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7827159

•

An alkaline metallo-proteinase in the human uterine cervix an changes in its activity by cervical ripening. Author(s): Ito A, Kitamura K, Hirakawa S, Mori Y. Source: Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. 1981 October 13; 661(2): 267-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6271220

•

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma of maternal origin involving the placenta: case report and literature survey. Author(s): Meguerian-Bedoyan Z, Lamant L, Hopfner C, Pulford K, Chittal S, Delsol G.

Alternative Medicine 33

Source: The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 1997 October; 21(10): 1236-41. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9331298 •

Breast electrostimulation for the induction of labor. Author(s): Tal Z, Frankel ZN, Ballas S, Olschwang D. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 October; 72(4): 671-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3262208

•

Cervical dilatation in late first trimester termination by prostaglandin, hylase and isogel. Author(s): Mandlekar AV, Ganguli AC, Krishna UR, Purandare VN. Source: Prostaglandins Med. 1981 April; 6(4): 381-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=7025067

•

Cervical ectopic pregnancy Author(s): Rahimi MA, Benny PS. Source: The Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists. 1996 August; 3(4, Supplement): S41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9074219

•

Changing Mallampati score during labour. Author(s): Farcon EL, Kim MH, Marx GF. Source: Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthesie. 1994 January; 41(1): 50-1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8111943

•

Clinical effects of orally administered extracts of Montanoa tomentosa in early human pregnancy. Author(s): Landgren BM, Aedo AR, Hagenfeldt K, Diczfalusy E. Source: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1979 October 15; 135(4): 480-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=114055

•

Content validity of manual spinal palpatory exams - A systematic review. Author(s): Najm WI, Seffinger MA, Mishra SI, Dickerson VM, Adams A, Reinsch S, Murphy LS, Goodman AF. Source: Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine [electronic Resource]. 2003 May 07; 3(1): 1. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=12734016

•

Cytologic findings in female and male offspring of DES treated mothers. Author(s): Bibbo M, Ali I, Al-Naqeeb M, Baccarini I, Climaco LA, Gill W, Sonek M, Wied GL.

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Source: Acta Cytol. 1975 November-December; 19(6): 568-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1061475 •

Determinants of fetal heart rate response to vibroacoustic stimulation in labor. Author(s): Richards DS, Cefalo RC, Thorpe JM, Salley M, Rose D. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1988 April; 71(4): 535-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3353043

•

Diminution of early environmental control through perinatal and prenatal somatosensory deafferentation. Author(s): Taub E, Perrella PN, Miller EA, Barro G. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1975 December; 10(6): 609-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=811268

•

Early or late bath during the first stage of labour: a randomised study of 200 women. Author(s): Eriksson M, Mattsson LA, Ladfors L. Source: Midwifery. 1997 September; 13(3): 146-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9362855

•

Effect of oxytocin, prostaglandin F2 alpha and reproductive tract manipulations on uterine contractility in Holstein cows on days 0 and 7 of the estrous cycle. Author(s): Cooper MD, Foote RH. Source: Journal of Animal Science. 1986 July; 63(1): 151-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=3460978

•

Effectiveness of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulator for pain relief in labour. Author(s): Chia YT, Arulkumaran S, Chua S, Ratnam SS. Source: Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990 June; 16(2): 145-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=2378593

•

Effects of conjugated linoleic acids and docosahexaenoic acid on rat liver and reproductive tissue fatty acids, prostaglandins and matrix metalloproteinase production. Author(s): Harris MA, Hansen RA, Vidsudhiphan P, Koslo JL, Thomas JB, Watkins BA, Allen KG. Source: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids. 2001 July; 65(1): 23-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=11487304

•

Effects of RU486 on the interstitial collagenase in the process of cervical ripening in the pregnant rat. Author(s): Ikuta Y, Matsuura K, Okamura H, Oyamada I, Usuku G.

Alternative Medicine 35

Source: Endocrinol Jpn. 1991 October; 38(5): 491-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1843268 •

EMA/CO for high-risk gestational trophoblastic tumors: results from a cohort of 272 patients. Author(s): Bower M, Newlands ES, Holden L, Short D, Brock C, Rustin GJ, Begent RH, Bagshawe KD. Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1997 July; 15(7): 2636-43. Erratum In: J Clin Oncol 1997 September; 15(9): 3168. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=9215835

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Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring of conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy. Author(s): Takashima M, Yamasaki M, Fujita I, Ohashi M, Matsuo H, Mochizuki M, Kitagaki H, Kono M. Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1995 December; 21(6): 545-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=8640463

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Evaluating well-woman clinics. Author(s): Lloyd G. Source: The Practitioner. 1983 May; 227(1379): 735-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=6889241

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Experience with an adolescent pregnancy program. A preliminary report. Author(s): Youngs DD, Niebyl JR, Blake DA, Shipp DA, Stanley J, King TM. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1977 August; 50(2): 212-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=876561

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Fetal acoustic stimulation in early labor and pathological fetal acidemia: a preliminary report. Author(s): Chauhan SP, Hendrix NW, Devoe LD, Scardo JA. Source: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 1999 September-October; 8(5): 208-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10475502

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Gauging a woman's health by her fertility signals: integrating western with traditional Chinese medical observations. Author(s): Ehling D, Singer K. Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine. 1999 November; 5(6): 70-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=10550907

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•

Homoeopathy for induction of labour. Author(s): Smith CA. Source: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003; (4): Cd003399. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=14583972

•

Successful treatment of cervical pregnancy with oral etoposide. Author(s): Segna RA, Mitchell DR, Misas JE. Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1990 November; 76(5 Pt 2): 945-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=A bstract&list_uids=1699185

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

•

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=169&layer=&from=subcats

•

Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

•

drkoop.com: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

•

Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

•

MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

•

HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

•

WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,00.html

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

37

APPENDICES

39

APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute4: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

•

National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

•

National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

•

National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

•

National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

4

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.

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•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

•

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

•

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

•

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

•

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

•

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

•

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

•

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

•

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

•

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

•

National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

•

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

•

Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

•

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

•

National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

•

Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

•

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

Physician Resources

41

NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.5 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:6 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

•

Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

•

Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

•

Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

•

Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

•

Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

•

MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 6 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html. 5

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•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

•

Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The NLM Gateway7

The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.8 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “cervical pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 9872 906 983 100 127 11988

HSTAT9 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.10 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.11 Simply search by “cervical pregnancy” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x. The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 9 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 10 The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/. 11 Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations. 7 8

Physician Resources

43

Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists12 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.13 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.14 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

Adapted from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html. The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 14 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process. 12

13

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APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on cervical pregnancy can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internetbased services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to cervical pregnancy. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to cervical pregnancy. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “cervical pregnancy”:

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Cervical Cancer http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cervicalcancer.html High Risk Pregnancy http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highriskpregnancy.html Laboratory Tests http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/laboratorytests.html You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The NIH Search Utility The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to cervical pregnancy. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=168&layer=&from=subcats

•

Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

•

Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

•

Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

•

Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

•

WebMDHealth: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Patient Resources

47

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to cervical pregnancy. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with cervical pregnancy. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about cervical pregnancy. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine. To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “cervical pregnancy” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “cervical pregnancy”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “cervical pregnancy” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months.

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The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “cervical pregnancy” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

49

APPENDIX C. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.15

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

15

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.

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Cervical Pregnancy

libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)16: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

•

Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

•

Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

•

California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

•

California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

•

California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

•

California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

•

California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

•

California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

•

California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

•

California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

•

California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

•

California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

•

California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

•

California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

•

Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

•

Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

•

Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

16

Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries

51

•

Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

•

Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

•

Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

•

Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

•

Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

•

Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

•

Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

•

Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

•

Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

•

Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

•

Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

•

Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

•

Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

•

Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

•

Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

•

Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

•

Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

•

Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

•

Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

•

Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/

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•

Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

•

Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

•

Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

•

Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

•

Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

•

Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

•

Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

•

Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

•

Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

•

Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

•

Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

•

Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

•

Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

•

Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

•

Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

•

Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

•

National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

•

National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

•

National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries

53

•

Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

•

New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

•

New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

•

New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

•

New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

•

New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

•

New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

•

New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

•

New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

•

Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

•

Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

•

Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

•

Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

•

Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

•

Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

•

Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

•

Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

•

Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/

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•

South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

•

Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

•

Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

•

Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

55

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

•

MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

•

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

•

Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

•

Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a).

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

57

CERVICAL PREGNANCY DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Abdomen: That portion of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis. [NIH] Abdominal: Having to do with the abdomen, which is the part of the body between the chest and the hips that contains the pancreas, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other organs. [NIH] Acidemia: Increased acidity of blood. [NIH] Acoustic: Having to do with sound or hearing. [NIH] Adrenal Cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, androgens, and glucocorticoids. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaline: Having the reactions of an alkali. [EU] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Anaesthesia: Loss of feeling or sensation. Although the term is used for loss of tactile sensibility, or of any of the other senses, it is applied especially to loss of the sensation of pain, as it is induced to permit performance of surgery or other painful procedures. [EU] Analog: In chemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another. [NIH] Antimetabolite: A chemical that is very similar to one required in a normal biochemical reaction in cells. Antimetabolites can stop or slow down the reaction. [NIH] Antineoplastic: Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. [EU] Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries. [NIH] Arachidonic Acid: An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. [NIH] Arterial: Pertaining to an artery or to the arteries. [EU] Arterial embolization: The blocking of an artery by a clot of foreign material. This can be done as treatment to block the flow of blood to a tumor. [NIH] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Aspiration: The act of inhaling. [NIH] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH]

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Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Bilateral: Affecting both the right and left side of body. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blastocyst: The mammalian embryo in the post-morula stage in which a fluid-filled cavity, enclosed primarily by trophoblast, contains an inner cell mass which becomes the embryonic disc. [NIH] Caesarean section: A surgical incision through the abdominal and uterine walls in order to deliver a baby. [NIH] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. [NIH] Case report: A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NIH] Catheter: A flexible tube used to deliver fluids into or withdraw fluids from the body. [NIH] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one cell division and the end of the next, by which cellular material is divided between daughter cells. [NIH] Cell Division: The fission of a cell. [NIH] Cervical: Relating to the neck, or to the neck of any organ or structure. Cervical lymph nodes are located in the neck; cervical cancer refers to cancer of the uterine cervix, which is the lower, narrow end (the "neck") of the uterus. [NIH] Cervical Ripening: A change in the cervix with respect to its readiness to relax. The cervix becomes softer, more flexible, more distensible, and shorter in the final weeks of pregnancy. Though naturally occurring during normal pregnancy, it can also be induced for certain cases of prolonged or high-risk pregnancy by administration of hormones. [NIH] Cervix: The lower, narrow end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and

Dictionary 59

vagina. [NIH] Chemotherapy: Treatment with anticancer drugs. [NIH] Choriocarcinoma: A malignant tumor of trophoblastic epithelium characterized by secretion of large amounts of chorionic gonadotropin. It usually originates from chorionic products of conception (i.e., hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or following abortion), but can originate in a teratoma of the testis, mediastinum, or pineal gland. [NIH] Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. Different forms of collagen are produced in the body but all consist of three alpha-polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. Collagen is differentiated from other fibrous proteins, such as elastin, by the content of proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; by the absence of tryptophan; and particularly by the high content of polar groups which are responsible for its swelling properties. [NIH] Complement: A term originally used to refer to the heat-labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody-coated cells, and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed 'components of complement' and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium-dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower-case letter suffixes, e.g., C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix 'i', e.g. C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol e.g. C1 or C4b,2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3; C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides, and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3; activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins, or chemotactic factors. [EU] Complementary and alternative medicine: CAM. Forms of treatment that are used in addition to (complementary) or instead of (alternative) standard treatments. These practices are not considered standard medical approaches. CAM includes dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, herbal preparations, special teas, massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements,

60

Cervical Pregnancy

megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Conception: The onset of pregnancy, marked by implantation of the blastocyst; the formation of a viable zygote. [EU] Conjugated: Acting or operating as if joined; simultaneous. [EU] Contraception: Use of agents, devices, methods, or procedures which diminish the likelihood of or prevent conception. [NIH] Contraceptive: An agent that diminishes the likelihood of or prevents conception. [EU] Contractility: Capacity for becoming short in response to a suitable stimulus. [EU] Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Contrast medium: A substance that is introduced into or around a structure and, because of the difference in absorption of x-rays by the contrast medium and the surrounding tissues, allows radiographic visualization of the structure. [EU] Curettage: Removal of tissue with a curette, a spoon-shaped instrument with a sharp edge. [NIH]

Curette: A spoon-shaped instrument with a sharp edge. [NIH] Cyclic: Pertaining to or occurring in a cycle or cycles; the term is applied to chemical compounds that contain a ring of atoms in the nucleus. [EU] Decidua: The epithelial lining of the endometrium that is formed before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus. The fertilized ovum embeds in the decidua. If the ovum is not fertilized, the decidua is shed during menstruation. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Digestion: The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Ectopic: Pertaining to or characterized by ectopia. [EU] Ectopic Pregnancy: The pregnancy occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus. [NIH]

Elective: Subject to the choice or decision of the patient or physician; applied to procedures that are advantageous to the patient but not urgent. [EU] Electrolyte: A substance that dissociates into ions when fused or in solution, and thus becomes capable of conducting electricity; an ionic solute. [EU] Emboli: Bit of foreign matter which enters the blood stream at one point and is carried until it is lodged or impacted in an artery and obstructs it. It may be a blood clot, an air bubble, fat or other tissue, or clumps of bacteria. [NIH] Embolization: The blocking of an artery by a clot or foreign material. Embolization can be done as treatment to block the flow of blood to a tumor. [NIH] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH]

Dictionary 61

Embryo Transfer: Removal of a mammalian embryo from one environment and replacement in the same or a new environment. The embryo is usually in the pre-nidation phase, i.e., a blastocyst. The process includes embryo or blastocyst transplantation or transfer after in vitro fertilization and transfer of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. It is not used for transfer of differentiated embryonic tissue, e.g., germ layer cells. [NIH] Embryology: The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life. [NIH] Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue more or less perfectly resembling the uterine mucous membrane (the endometrium) and containing typical endometrial granular and stromal elements occurs aberrantly in various locations in the pelvic cavity. [NIH] Endometrium: The layer of tissue that lines the uterus. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]

Enzymes: Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however catalytic RNA and catalytic DNA molecules have also been identified. [NIH] Epidemiological: Relating to, or involving epidemiology. [EU] Estrogens: A class of sex hormones associated with the development and maintenance of secondary female sex characteristics and control of the cyclical changes in the reproductive cycle. They are also required for pregnancy maintenance and have an anabolic effect on protein metabolism and water retention. [NIH] Etoposide: A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle. [NIH] Evacuation: An emptying, as of the bowels. [EU] Extracellular: Outside a cell or cells. [EU] Extracellular Matrix: A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. [NIH] Extracellular Matrix Proteins: Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., collagen, elastin, fibronectins and laminin). [NIH] Fallopian tube: The oviduct, a muscular tube about 10 cm long, lying in the upper border of the broad ligament. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Family Practice: A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing,

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comprehensive primary health care for the entire family. [NIH] Fat: Total lipids including phospholipids. [NIH] Fatty acids: A major component of fats that are used by the body for energy and tissue development. [NIH] Fertilizers: Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity. [NIH] Fetal Heart: The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (heart/embryology) only on the basis of time. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Foetoplacental: Pertaining to the fetus and placenta. [EU] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Gas: Air that comes from normal breakdown of food. The gases are passed out of the body through the rectum (flatus) or the mouth (burp). [NIH] Gastric: Having to do with the stomach. [NIH] Gastric Acid: Hydrochloric acid present in gastric juice. [NIH] Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein. [NIH]

Gestation: The period of development of the young in viviparous animals, from the time of fertilization of the ovum until birth. [EU] Gestational: Psychosis attributable to or occurring during pregnancy. [NIH] Gestational trophoblastic disease: A rare cancer in women of child-bearing age in which cancer cells grow in the tissues that are formed in the uterus after conception. Also called gestational trophoblastic tumor, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, molar pregnancy, or choriocarcinoma. [NIH] Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: A rare cancer in women of child-bearing age in which cancer cells grow in the tissues that are formed in the uterus after conception. Also called gestational trophoblastic disease, gestational trophoblastic tumor, molar pregnancy, or choriocarcinoma. [NIH] Gestational trophoblastic tumor: A rare cancer in women of child-bearing age in which cancer cells grow in the tissues that are formed in the uterus after conception. Also called gestational trophoblastic disease, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, molar pregnancy, or choriocarcinoma. [NIH] Gonadotropin: The water-soluble follicle stimulating substance, by some believed to originate in chorionic tissue, obtained from the serum of pregnant mares. It is used to supplement the action of estrogens. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Gravidity: Pregnancy; the condition of being pregnant, without regard to the outcome. [EU] Gynecologic cancer: Cancer of the female reproductive tract, including the cervix, endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, and vagina. [NIH] Haematoma: A localized collection of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue,

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due to a break in the wall of a blood vessel. [EU] Haemorrhage: The escape of blood from the vessels; bleeding. Small haemorrhages are classified according to size as petechiae (very small), purpura (up to 1 cm), and ecchymoses (larger). The massive accumulation of blood within a tissue is called a haematoma. [EU] Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hydatidiform Mole: A trophoblastic disease characterized by hydrops of the mesenchymal portion of the villus. Its karyotype is paternal and usually homozygotic. The tumor is indistinguishable from chorioadenoma destruens or invasive mole ( = hydatidiform mole, invasive) except by karyotype. There is no apparent relation by karyotype to choriocarcinoma. Hydatidiform refers to the presence of the hydropic state of some or all of the villi (Greek hydatis, a drop of water). [NIH] Hysterectomy: Excision of the uterus. [NIH] Hysterosalpingography: Radiography of the uterus and fallopian tubes after the injection of a contrast medium. [NIH] Iliac Artery: Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs. [NIH] Immunosuppressant: An agent capable of suppressing immune responses. [EU] Implantation: The insertion or grafting into the body of biological, living, inert, or radioactive material. [EU] In vitro: In the laboratory (outside the body). The opposite of in vivo (in the body). [NIH] In vivo: In the body. The opposite of in vitro (outside the body or in the laboratory). [NIH] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU] Instillation: . [EU] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Interstitial Collagenase: A member of the metalloproteinase family of enzymes that is principally responsible for cleaving fibrillar collagen. It can degrade interstitial collagens, types I, II and III. EC 3.4.24.7. [NIH] Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anus. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Intravenous: IV. Into a vein. [NIH] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Karyotype: The characteristic chromosome complement of an individual, race, or species as defined by their number, size, shape, etc. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH]

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Lactation: The period of the secretion of milk. [EU] Lesion: An area of abnormal tissue change. [NIH] Levonorgestrel: A progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (norgestrel). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. [NIH] Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part. [NIH] Linoleic Acids: Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain two double bonds. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Lymph: The almost colorless fluid that travels through the lymphatic system and carries cells that help fight infection and disease. [NIH] Lymph node: A rounded mass of lymphatic tissue that is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue. Also known as a lymph gland. Lymph nodes are spread out along lymphatic vessels and contain many lymphocytes, which filter the lymphatic fluid (lymph). [NIH]

Lymphoid: Referring to lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Also refers to tissue in which lymphocytes develop. [NIH] Lymphoma: A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. [NIH] Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] Matrix metalloproteinase: A member of a group of enzymes that can break down proteins, such as collagen, that are normally found in the spaces between cells in tissues (i.e., extracellular matrix proteins). Because these enzymes need zinc or calcium atoms to work properly, they are called metalloproteinases. Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, and tumor cell metastasis. [NIH] MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Menopause: Permanent cessation of menstruation. [NIH] Menstrual Cycle: The period of the regularly recurring physiologic changes in the endometrium occurring during the reproductive period in human females and some primates and culminating in partial sloughing of the endometrium (menstruation). [NIH] Mesenchymal: Refers to cells that develop into connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue. [NIH] Metastasis: The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another. Tumors formed from cells that have spread are called "secondary tumors" and contain cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. The plural is metastases. [NIH] Methotrexate: An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. [NIH] Miscarriage: Spontaneous expulsion of the products of pregnancy before the middle of the second trimester. [NIH] Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties. [NIH]

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Mitotic: Cell resulting from mitosis. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Morphological: Relating to the configuration or the structure of live organs. [NIH] Neoplasia: Abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. [NIH] Nidation: Implantation of the conceptus in the endometrium. [EU] Norgestrel: (+-)-13-Ethyl-17-hydroxy-18,19-dinorpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A progestational agent with actions similar to those of progesterone. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (levonorgestrel). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive and ovulation inhibitor and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis. [NIH] Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Oestrogen: A generic term for oestrus-producing steroid compounds; the female sex hormones. In humans, oestrogen is formed in the ovary, possibly the adrenal cortex, the testis, and the foetoplacental unit; it has various functions in both sexes. It is responsible for the development of the female secondary sex characteristics, and during the menstrual cycle it acts on the female genitalia to produce an environment suitable for the fertilization, implantation, and nutrition of the early embryo. Oestrogen is used in oral contraceptives and as a palliative in cancer of the breast after menopause and cancer of the prostate; other uses include the relief of the discomforts of menopause, inhibition of lactation, and treatment of osteoporosis, threatened abortion, and various functional ovarian disorders. [EU]

Osteoporosis: Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis and age-related (or senile) osteoporosis. [NIH] Ovaries: The pair of female reproductive glands in which the ova, or eggs, are formed. The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus. [NIH] Ovary: Either of the paired glands in the female that produce the female germ cells and secrete some of the female sex hormones. [NIH] Ovulation: The discharge of a secondary oocyte from a ruptured graafian follicle. [NIH] Ovum: A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. [NIH] Oxytocic: 1. Pertaining to, characterized by, or promoting oxytocia (= rapid labor). 2. An agent that hastens evacuation of the uterus by stimulating contractions of the myometrium. [EU]

Oxytocin: A nonapeptide posterior pituitary hormone that causes uterine contractions and stimulates lactation. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Parity: The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with gravidity, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome. [NIH] Pelvic: Pertaining to the pelvis. [EU] Pelvis: The lower part of the abdomen, located between the hip bones. [NIH] Pepsin: An enzyme made in the stomach that breaks down proteins. [NIH]

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Perinatal: Pertaining to or occurring in the period shortly before and after birth; variously defined as beginning with completion of the twentieth to twenty-eighth week of gestation and ending 7 to 28 days after birth. [EU] Petechiae: Pinpoint, unraised, round red spots under the skin caused by bleeding. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Placenta: A highly vascular fetal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen and other nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes. It begins to form about the eighth day of gestation when the blastocyst adheres to the decidua. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Podophyllotoxin: The main active constituent of the resin from the roots of may apple or mandrake (Podophyllum peltatum and P. emodi). It is a potent spindle poison, toxic if taken internally, and has been used as a cathartic. It is very irritating to skin and mucous membranes, has keratolytic actions, has been used to treat warts and keratoses, and may have antineoplastic properties, as do some of its congeners and derivatives. [NIH] Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Postpartum Hemorrhage: The presence of abnormal uterine bleeding immediately after labor or childbirth. [NIH] Potassium: An element that is in the alkali group of metals. It has an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte and it plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the water-electrolyte balance. [NIH] Potassium Chloride: Potassium chloride. A white crystal or crystalline powder used as an electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers and explosives. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Prenatal: Existing or occurring before birth, with reference to the fetus. [EU] Presumptive: A treatment based on an assumed diagnosis, prior to receiving confirmatory laboratory test results. [NIH] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Prostaglandin: Any of a group of components derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway that are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiologic processes. The abbreviation for prostaglandin is PG; specific compounds are designated by adding one of the letters A through I to indicate the type of substituents found on the hydrocarbon skeleton and a subscript (1, 2 or 3) to indicate the number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon skeleton e.g., PGE2. The

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predominant naturally occurring prostaglandins all have two double bonds and are synthesized from arachidonic acid (5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) by the pathway shown in the illustration. The 1 series and 3 series are produced by the same pathway with fatty acids having one fewer double bond (8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid or one more double bond (5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid) than arachidonic acid. The subscript a or ß indicates the configuration at C-9 (a denotes a substituent below the plane of the ring, ß, above the plane). The naturally occurring PGF's have the a configuration, e.g., PGF2a. All of the prostaglandins act by binding to specific cell-surface receptors causing an increase in the level of the intracellular second messenger cyclic AMP (and in some cases cyclic GMP also). The effect produced by the cyclic AMP increase depends on the specific cell type. In some cases there is also a positive feedback effect. Increased cyclic AMP increases prostaglandin synthesis leading to further increases in cyclic AMP. [EU] Prostaglandins A: (13E,15S)-15-Hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-10,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGA(1)); (5Z,13E,15S)-15-hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,10,13-trien-1-oic acid (PGA(2)); (5Z,13E,15S,17Z)-15hydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,10,13,17-tetraen-1-oic acid (PGA(3)). A group of naturally occurring secondary prostaglandins derived from PGE. PGA(1) and PGA(2) as well as their 19hydroxy derivatives are found in many organs and tissues. [NIH] Prostaglandins D: Physiologically active prostaglandins found in many tissues and organs. They show pressor activity, are mediators of inflammation, and have potential antithrombotic effects. [NIH] Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra. It secretes a substance that liquifies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the pubic symphysis, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the rectum. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Purpura: Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. [NIH] Race: A population within a species which exhibits general similarities within itself, but is both discontinuous and distinct from other populations of that species, though not sufficiently so as to achieve the status of a taxon. [NIH] Racemic: Optically inactive but resolvable in the way of all racemic compounds. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Reductase: Enzyme converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Resection: Removal of tissue or part or all of an organ by surgery. [NIH] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH]

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Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU] Sequela: Any lesion or affection following or caused by an attack of disease. [EU] Serum: The clear liquid part of the blood that remains after blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed. [NIH] Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction. [NIH] Skeleton: The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage. [NIH] Sonogram: A computer picture of areas inside the body created by bouncing sound waves off organs and other tissues. Also called ultrasonogram or ultrasound. [NIH] Sound wave: An alteration of properties of an elastic medium, such as pressure, particle displacement, or density, that propagates through the medium, or a superposition of such alterations. [NIH] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH] Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Suction: The removal of secretions, gas or fluid from hollow or tubular organs or cavities by means of a tube and a device that acts on negative pressure. [NIH] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Tamponade: The inserting of a tampon; a dressing is inserted firmly into a wound or body cavity, as the nose, uterus or vagina, principally for stopping hemorrhage. [NIH] Testis: Either of the paired male reproductive glands that produce the male germ cells and the male hormones. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tome: A zone produced by a number of irregular spaces contained in the outermost layer of denture of the root of a tooth. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and

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pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Transcutaneous: Transdermal. [EU] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species. [NIH] Transvaginal ultrasound: A procedure used to examine the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and bladder. An instrument is inserted into the vagina, and sound waves bounce off organs inside the pelvic area. These sound waves create echoes, which a computer uses to create a picture called a sonogram. Also called TVS. [NIH] Ulcer: A localized necrotic lesion of the skin or a mucous surface. [NIH] Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of echoes of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz. [NIH] Uterine Contraction: Contraction of the uterine muscle. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Vagina: The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal. [NIH] Vaginal: Of or having to do with the vagina, the birth canal. [NIH] Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals. [NIH] Villi: The tiny, fingerlike projections on the surface of the small intestine. Villi help absorb nutrients. [NIH] Villus: Cell found in the lining of the small intestine. [NIH] Vitro: Descriptive of an event or enzyme reaction under experimental investigation occurring outside a living organism. Parts of an organism or microorganism are used together with artificial substrates and/or conditions. [NIH] Womb: A hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ in which the impregnated ovum is developed into a child. [NIH] Wound Healing: Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue. [NIH]

71

INDEX A Abdomen, 57, 64, 65, 68 Abdominal, 20, 31, 57, 58, 63, 65 Acidemia, 35, 57 Acoustic, 35, 57 Adrenal Cortex, 57, 65, 66 Algorithms, 57, 58 Alkaline, 32, 57, 58 Alternative medicine, 57 Anaesthesia, 33, 57, 63 Analog, 57, 64 Antimetabolite, 57, 64 Antineoplastic, 57, 64, 66 Aorta, 57, 63 Arachidonic Acid, 57, 66 Arterial, 26, 57, 67 Arterial embolization, 26, 57 Arteries, 9, 17, 19, 57, 63 Artery, 5, 8, 11, 14, 16, 22, 23, 29, 57, 60 Aspiration, 20, 57 B Bacteria, 57, 60 Base, 58, 63 Bilateral, 6, 14, 58 Bile, 58, 62, 64, 68 Biotechnology, 3, 41, 58 Bladder, 58, 67, 69 Blastocyst, 58, 60, 61, 66 C Caesarean section, 31, 58 Calcium, 58, 59, 64 Carbon Dioxide, 58, 66 Case report, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 32, 58 Catheter, 12, 29, 58 Cell, 32, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69 Cell Cycle, 58, 61 Cell Division, 57, 58, 61 Cervical Ripening, 32, 34, 58 Cervix, 22, 32, 58, 62 Chemotherapy, 9, 32, 59 Choriocarcinoma, 59, 62, 63 Clinical trial, 3, 41, 59, 67 Cloning, 58, 59 Collagen, 59, 61, 63, 64 Complement, 59, 63 Complementary and alternative medicine, 31, 36, 59

Complementary medicine, 31, 59 Computational Biology, 41, 60 Conception, 59, 60, 62 Conjugated, 34, 60 Contraception, 60, 64 Contraceptive, 19, 60, 65 Contractility, 34, 60 Contraindications, ii, 60 Contrast medium, 60, 63 Curettage, 16, 25, 27, 28, 60 Curette, 60 Cyclic, 60, 67 D Decidua, 60, 66 Diagnostic procedure, 60 Digestion, 58, 60, 64, 68 Direct, iii, 60, 67 E Ectopic, 19, 33, 60 Ectopic Pregnancy, 33, 60 Elective, 23, 60 Electrolyte, 60, 66 Emboli, 4, 8, 11, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23, 29, 60 Embolization, 4, 8, 11, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23, 29, 60 Embryo, 6, 8, 15, 23, 24, 27, 28, 58, 60, 61, 63, 65 Embryo Transfer, 6, 8, 15, 23, 24, 27, 28, 61 Embryology, 61, 62 Endometriosis, 61, 64, 65 Endometrium, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65 Environmental Health, 40, 42, 61 Enzymes, 61, 63, 64, 65 Epidemiological, 31, 61 Estrogens, 61, 62 Etoposide, 36, 61 Evacuation, 5, 8, 9, 17, 22, 25, 26, 27, 61, 65 Extracellular, 61, 64 Extracellular Matrix, 61, 64 Extracellular Matrix Proteins, 61, 64 F Fallopian tube, 61, 62, 63, 69 Family Planning, 41, 61 Family Practice, 14, 61 Fat, 57, 60, 62 Fatty acids, 34, 62, 64, 66 Fertilizers, 62, 66 Fetal Heart, 34, 62

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Cervical Pregnancy

Fetus, 62, 66, 69 Foetoplacental, 62, 65 G Gallbladder, 57, 62 Gas, 58, 62, 68 Gastric, 62, 64 Gastric Acid, 62, 64 Gene, 58, 62 Gestation, 13, 29, 62, 66 Gestational, 35, 62 Gestational trophoblastic disease, 62 Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, 62 Gestational trophoblastic tumor, 35, 62 Gonadotropin, 5, 59, 62 Governing Board, 62, 66 Gravidity, 62, 65 Gynecologic cancer, 32, 62 H Haematoma, 62, 63 Haemorrhage, 21, 63 Hemorrhage, 63, 67, 68 Hormone, 63, 64, 65, 66 Hydatidiform Mole, 10, 59, 63 Hysterectomy, 9, 12, 20, 63 Hysterosalpingography, 14, 63 I Iliac Artery, 6, 63 Immunosuppressant, 63, 64 Implantation, 60, 63, 65 In vitro, 6, 8, 15, 19, 23, 24, 27, 28, 61, 63 In vivo, 63 Incision, 58, 63 Induction, 23, 32, 33, 36, 63 Instillation, 24, 63 Interstitial, 34, 63 Interstitial Collagenase, 34, 63 Intestines, 57, 63 Intracellular, 63, 66, 67 Intravenous, 9, 63 Invasive, 63, 64 K Karyotype, 63 Kb, 40, 63 L Lactation, 64, 65 Lesion, 64, 68, 69 Levonorgestrel, 19, 64, 65 Ligation, 5, 6, 9, 14, 17, 64 Linoleic Acids, 34, 64 Liver, 34, 57, 58, 62, 64 Lymph, 58, 64 Lymph node, 58, 64

Lymphoid, 64 Lymphoma, 32, 64 M Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 14, 29, 35, 64 Matrix metalloproteinase, 34, 64 MEDLINE, 41, 64 Menopause, 64, 65 Menstrual Cycle, 64, 65, 66 Mesenchymal, 63, 64 Metastasis, 64 Methotrexate, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 64 Miscarriage, 24, 64 Misoprostol, 25, 64 Mitotic, 61, 65 Molecular, 41, 43, 58, 60, 65 Morphological, 60, 65 N Neoplasia, 22, 65 Nidation, 61, 65 Norgestrel, 64, 65 Nuclei, 64, 65 O Oestrogen, 31, 65 Osteoporosis, 65 Ovaries, 62, 65, 68 Ovary, 65 Ovulation, 65 Ovum, 28, 60, 62, 65, 66, 69 Oxytocic, 64, 65 Oxytocin, 34, 65 P Palliative, 65 Pancreas, 57, 65 Parity, 12, 65 Pelvic, 19, 61, 65, 67, 69 Pelvis, 57, 63, 65, 69 Pepsin, 64, 65 Perinatal, 21, 34, 66 Petechiae, 63, 66 Pharmacologic, 66, 69 Physiologic, 64, 66 Placenta, 4, 10, 32, 62, 66 Pneumonia, 60, 66 Podophyllotoxin, 61, 66 Posterior, 65, 66 Postpartum Hemorrhage, 17, 66 Potassium, 24, 66 Potassium Chloride, 24, 66 Practice Guidelines, 42, 66 Prenatal, 34, 60, 66

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Presumptive, 28, 66 Progesterone, 64, 65, 66, 68 Prostaglandin, 16, 33, 34, 64, 66 Prostaglandins A, 34, 67 Prostaglandins D, 67 Prostate, 65, 67 Protein S, 58, 67 Proteins, 59, 61, 64, 65, 67, 68 Public Policy, 41, 67 Purpura, 63, 67 R Race, 63, 64, 65, 67 Racemic, 64, 65, 67 Randomized, 32, 67 Reductase, 64, 67 Refer, 1, 59, 67 Regimen, 26, 67 Resection, 25, 67 Risk factor, 20, 21, 67 S Screening, 59, 68 Secretion, 59, 64, 68 Semisynthetic, 61, 68 Sequela, 7, 68 Serum, 5, 59, 62, 68 Sex Characteristics, 61, 65, 68 Skeleton, 66, 68 Sonogram, 68, 69 Sound wave, 68, 69 Specialist, 47, 68 Sperm, 25, 68 Steroid, 65, 68 Stimulus, 60, 68

Stomach, 57, 62, 63, 65, 68 Suction, 9, 28, 68 Systemic, 13, 15, 21, 29, 57, 68 T Tamponade, 8, 9, 27, 28, 29, 68 Testis, 59, 65, 68 Tissue, 34, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69 Tome, 33, 68 Toxic, iv, 66, 68, 69 Toxicology, 42, 68 Transcutaneous, 34, 69 Transfection, 58, 69 Transplantation, 61, 69 Transvaginal ultrasound, 20, 26, 69 U Ulcer, 64, 69 Ultrasonography, 18, 24, 69 Uterine Contraction, 65, 69 Uterus, 5, 15, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68, 69 V Vagina, 59, 62, 68, 69 Vaginal, 7, 17, 69 Vascular, 23, 66, 69 Vein, 63, 69 Veterinary Medicine, 41, 69 Villi, 63, 69 Villus, 63, 69 Vitro, 69 W Womb, 69 Wound Healing, 64, 69

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Cervical Pregnancy

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