Basics (for violin) - PDF Free Download

• aSlCS b\ Simon Fischer by ..... Simon Fischer 300 exe rcises and practice routin es for the violin ,- INSTnvr...

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aSlCS b\

Simon Fischer

by

.....

Simon Fischer

300 exe rcises and practice routin es for the violin

,-

INSTnvro Dr AATEs

. ....

1'01... Ild" .... I"""tod III 12 IIoct- $lKd

,-

SI6nS

F.... ~ "'H;,..,..;r.1<'d 1991 1"'1 by Ilinnfa> EdIlioa. 1'lwn Edio .....

~

1 .im.~ . I _

ISKSI~ I !m(O()O

" <... ~ .....,... to. .m. I:>ook io ..~~ ...... from ,II< 1Int»h Ubn
"II ti ......" ..."vw . l"u ~u,"" ... .,.<11

p." of !hi> f'\Ibli
on . .. mcv.l

"\11)' ...

')'>km 0<' " .... mill""

" ' ...~ "' ...... <~, ......,haokf,l. p/I
... ot\f ""'" Of

CoMr. J..... G";'" I~ ....... j lGl" <>if "" """'" poooei)

C !U.lMl1'. ...... aM

r~cs........,.,.,

19'17

06<m1lidl< " ' -............ _I, ~ Go/\ of I), H. C. Kooul 1..0 Ilbcto.t. 1951 ~ O/!.1_ .nd TiRo PIIo!~ '" D<mckW""

/0lI<0

[)(.iJ:oo! b~ Kllt\· ",,,.0,,(,,<. 1.".,,1011 Pnnt<:d in Gr. .. 1Ir1..;,- toy S, b lm"nd.bu'l' P' nI, II ... , So llJmurulo, Su " OIk

S<1 in _

5)'1'""" " ........ ond

M~ ~WlI'"

- Right Arm and Hand lbuAII> ......It.. po

'"""""" '

• , • • • • • •

On ...

] "Uy

7

.."

.

...'* ....... a' -l.

......

.so- \o¥oll 01 !be ' - '

H

n

c..r- ... _ ......

"

......-... ...... .......... SnIoo ....... Q

.

n

........

Pan B - Toot' Production

[P.a'S l

---

_

...............

"

Bow ,;t,

U_ u ..."

-IJh' from "" urn

_itlt, from"" h.onJ

5pr
wc;pu 'I>ruu&h "" 0000

~~~

1';; __

lll_ .........

" "

l.
,"

"tiiiiji

IWM-' l", ~

AbooI, "'" ....... 01 .... _

....... body

."",""" .... " - I ...,.,., .... _

Din
\II< _

in", ..... pat ..

-w.c" on ""aI. F..... boIo - . . in 11><"" F.........., OINk<>

~

TN< Itp'{)

.,"

",,,..Ito

.................... • .,

~~

Sow>dpom' """"'.: ..i>OIC

_~

s..w..dpoin' ........: >bon - . .

movirI& up .... bow

" "

"

- . raKon& ..... _

---

" " " "

•

ol"" ........... "

.... "

-

Spo«l.umo<

Spo«l.--. .......... """"" ~_

.. ~8

~9

Spc..I .......... _ I b«>kn 111.,,1>

W

UIX'"
Sl

>pa
~=:..)

Pm.......... <.a..

S4

l't-
~';"I

",.1..

I'tnou", ,nd \n'Il'h "f "ntIi

-

" "

Pan C - Key Suokes Evrn >p«d .nod pm"",,,, Sm"'~~

$;0'11'1.

.. ",.«tlon,

oU'''''' '0 ,.",«Ii

''''',Ob,

",.

---

\l'..,n.up """"oe

(",."hlll, II>< ",in, Fill,'" oct;'"

S\.OttIIIO

C"~

lI.led on

""""Ii

Stnn, ........ " T",mo>ko ,x<",m.

Se,'" K",""", Etudo no. 4

,_.

Abou, uoIIi-.p>O<.'"

:-1.,.. ,.1

I'nopor""'" SLrina <wo.in.

SpringIIl9 bo"".'910 Abou, the m",'omem of'h< bow "·,,hln L~< h. nd S~"riJlt

RR,.,"", Sp,illj;''''

otp<.,ooo

Key bowing

~

""""

Abou, 'im;"1 G..... ' pl"",mrn' In , hord. Voicin, Sm'''''~ Pl>"""1

Gntl .. lly in' .... inllrn&th

IWll ilIi fin&
WIdenIIl9 lithe bnt joint!; H

About fin&<,"p pl_m
"

Finll
..

~

.." ". .

CDfltnff mOl;'" S~dm,

",
-E>t!Onl"""1>

R, .. hin, book INm tl>< fuunh fin,.,. p."illooina the ... nod h ,bird.

f l..... PfMSu .. F"''''' ind."...,dC< M,n,mum P""u"

" " " "

Rtl.."nl

... " " " " "

" " " " " " "' .,"'

N

..

be,,.,...,, ,Me>

F,,,-,,, pm,"" on

d~ub1<

''0 ....

1i.... .ction

RM1udn9 thumb counttr-~

.

"""'iQn;nl !h< Ih\lmb

"

l1:'''m·~p ."""'...,

~

"

" "

., " •" %

'" '"

'"' 'M '" 'M

,.

"""'0'
'M

Th .... ,,~,m-ul'
'"'

'''' '"

S Imt IOpl',n, Squ......... ~

n.

Heidi to linOttS .......• O""'''pp,nl Ijoldm, <1<",,,, til< fl'" fin""

'asl"'-' i\h
UfI-<>if vrad ... Uy ,n."... inll .pcr:d Slow 'empo. f." rllW'f>

".'" '" '" '" '" '" 1~ ~

/thy,)"n.

'"

Fo.rIIl fI ..... C_I/\IlIon

'" '" ,.

I'i",.... ·I..J","!' I'i",.. I'f1icn

,.

Rok •• i", tho kM.. , finl"

III

A"WilIi ,nil, net< by

'"

,..,

ncl'

1),=,;..,

......

Rbythm . .. m ..

Pari D - Left Hand

.. %

M

M

",,,,,,,,,

Thumb Iod<jl
b1ttttll~'1$

wod UllltrKtlonf

'" '"

'" ,~

ExlOn.ion.

,~

Cont .. ct;"',

H ·j

Part E - Shifting

,., ,

.,.

-'Gbooting'

I.tM:Iing ..... ottm Th~mb ~ ... ,ioo

t1nc<"

'" In

.,..,

in
""""', ,I<>w 0"';'-.1 'p«d o..llnget Ix ..d.eo Slow

,"i...1>pe«l

Seal .. >nd

'"

arpcu""

Broken third •• fou,th.,
s..n"""", Qt
'" '"

_...

,\\"""",m< ~

""""".... Combirlation

'" ,~

'""1m

bctIarIgo .hlfts U.... J ,ui»utu,iOw ,tI<

-

h_

..............

[ 0cIaYII0 and , ...Ut.

~'" ,.~

compl... ooq ........

-.

'"

'"' ~

Doubl . .."'"

,~

kquen<es 1r...spoMd "" the otting

Chrom"k 1
fl •• lbIiIty

'" '" '"

Fir>, iotn,

~I)

11>« jotn,

214

Cire"" H..,.! _

. "" """' ........ '"

...'"

'" '" '" ,..

\][',11 '''''''''''' For.."" rotarion

R _ .._ RoI . .. in, '0' hirmonic 'S"",,,,,,' ,tI< h.rtd in "m vibra,o

'" '" '" on '" n.

K«pin,g 'he ,,;roll >till

Vibra,ing h.n"""",

-

Ul'I'
Vibro,o ""«en"

Ch>"JinI .pc
m

Vibro,inj: " ony

.~

221

Fing
S,......1hotk vlbr. t"""

"11M feel of tho hind _

ling",

.I.1 '''''''''''g,"" 1I>t>
GoioJ ... ...,.., UnIform In _ _ n

r ..", p.l,,,,.,.... M.... >nd miMt lIrifd,

Tun"'lK'Jln TlmiOJ: O<'cidcn .. l. fro m n.,u,. l. lII'ide >nd

narro.- .'''''''on<>

'"'M

...... '"

'" '"

'" '" '"

'" '" '"

Dividin,g ", m" on"

Part F - Intonalion

'" '"' 'M '"

I'art G - Vibrato

'",

,n

10001M . tops

'"

"'~ ..

'" '"

..

M«ronom< ."""';..

Sin&!<

Toppmg

'M

,1(""

lOt ....mlto
Slidi!'li ..,re;'..

'M

-.. ,",,,,,,,,1.

double

,~

'"

OQI.

Shift"'ll wi,h both rong'"

.... IIoIlu In _

'" '" '"

'un"'~

Ab
Ch .....i1l3

~-idth

",thou, ,h.ng'n,g .p«d

U•

CotItinllOUS vlbflto .\I",·,n;

fu>"",

in . _ """ion

P"""', Sikn' "' ........ 0><1 druppi"J: (qual vibrato on diff,"",

'" '" '" nJ

finvoR

ComP'Mg~n r"'<~

'" '" m u.

>0,

'"

'" '"

G enera l index

228

~

Index of m usic exampl es

231

'"

hrn

Basic technical exereion elllI be wed by

_ _ I 01<11"1(11". This booJr. dul. with Ih ....

1'1.)'01'1 of . U level'

demtr.u..i&t&e or Imlll, ON ... t;me, ...·hieh i. "'e

beCIIUse mott IIf the

ted!nkal isou .. remain \be same - e., ., intonation, tone

production , rhythm

ond

quickcu way '" build lechniquC.

ortlcul. tion,

co-IIfdinItion, .. Jantion, as wdI as !be eosiest

TIM: ClfCfcisa in &.iu CIIfI be used in • number of

pot,ible .......mn, or.....,.,hanel, ond

daJcmll W1I)'I.

IinaeI'I.

r"'l, "'tY pnMdt In

oasy .nd

direa way 10 build, """ II 0 lime, the simple Violin pIayinc it! complex bea nae to pllQl ...... I

.unplc

p/In~

0 I I . number

0( quite

dilfa-ent

.tOOn. "'.1 tOae "' •• I Ro cilled ·' tehniqut". Second, many (Or them double ...... ful ..... rm-up

1'lCCCIl ioa

n.ird, ..... n 0 playt"t" wi'" the fin"" I«h:Iiquc h.u 10 continue 10 practise in <>RIot not

of ,," ta may ""ed to be prodvced in 0

10 Iooc it, and &nos urn:ise. lite an d l"ective ...,d

teChniq .... mOO be pnfonned one oftcr 1J>Otber,

oftC2I at a:rcat

~.

I!ach

DOte

in •

fundl m ... " lIy difft-rtnt ,...,. ffom tM

OOIm. For

....a..,.

li~1 way '0 ""'"' on 'peC;~~ oren.

oxompl<, to pl.y do.: firs, "",e lhe bow rna)' !Ia,~ to dl~

\J;'~II'I""td uerdlon dcvelol> indi,ldull pit!.

b"ltinning or the noto; 10 ploy the second nole "'0

of I""hniqu e. Thc n.,., "op is 10 combin. th<

be pla.;cd on Ihe Ittlna and bow may h.", to P;''OI , moo"'ly

Slring;.O pia)' the "'ird nOle a

Ih~n

'bile'

""roo, 10 '''''1M<

fin~r

may

h",~

be Imed, to pia)' rhe r"""h not.: Ihe hand m"1'

10

h",~

10 , hifi up or d "",n, Ind "" <.>n.

individual w.)~

by

tc~hniqutl

pl~)ing

in (Quntl" .. diIT.... n'

""Ies, studies Ind !)i..OI. BUI

many (Or 'he diffioult!.... of <"'u),doy pl' )'inJl: , imply ".nish if you .... gul.t1y procli.., k.y individual lechniqu", .. p.raltly.

On theit _n, m(>Jt 0( "'" 1iCp''''le 'cehnique, arc very .impl •. [I io only ,..hen ...~ try 10 ""tf"tm """,..1 of "'om

It "'" .. me

lim. that th
1bc "'0" impo... n, "'inll ;, 10 h• .." 10 much teehniq,," thot y<>u don',

ha",

10 Ihink about il.

"'t

.ppear I" bcromc m"". difficull. ' Ii> • ""rtain

If you arc 100 COO>elou. or

u!tnl, on ·u.y· pieco i, ",y ben,,,,, Yny fl"YO'

maJ<.<, pl
a<1i<m'

!la,,, '0 be petforrrte
·how'. it can

th .. norm . lly happen .ulom •• k.lly - ..... Iking. ~me

l,ilto;
'diff>cult" 1'1«. is dIfficult bee,u .. len or t""lIIy

talking, •• \inll, tic. _

""tion. may h",,, to bc petformed at th< same tim"

wh on ...·c Iry 10 petf01"m Ihtm eon.dou.lr.

onl' CI';"" 'picrc' 0( III

Children I"am qu ickly bon...., the 'h""," a<>n

<>pen .tring plOjo"ed

,!night into th. uncon.dou •. It is through the

P~I", benu,"" i' """,i". 0( only one Ktion.)

.dull !:nO".'inl ......... mo .... cI .... tly .nd consciouoly

or in cI_ ,u""""ion. mu" the ... r"", be ju",

On.!

wh l ' to d o, th .. n nally techni que: bccomn M.ny nr the i•. dividuII Ktion. th .. mlk< up

IU1om • •k and i. rh .... n .... rolly fO'l"" ..... T hen

technique con "'om.. l"" be brok
the

pl~.. r

• • n ",ally b<: f"", to mm m ... ie.

-.

•1W>7 of!h....re ..... On oh .. ""'I..,...... ho", b<.n Ukmoo ......' r", .<...,," b<m ..cd "" "'''''h by ..ru.n ",aclw: ... 1M<m: GaJoMi ...!Yl>< ...... I'f"'l""';"" ."""'1.... Fk1
~

.,."",;...d,

"" ~""""')l'< r.nll'~ PO"""', 0.,.111"')11< Wlill;;",

Of

(I,'IIt'

"".4.. ~ <<<.

Some of tl>< <x<
...,,"" in ~'hl or he, lion.! "r ond d""n ,"" " " "'nory - . ~ Jb). I "'-"<1 II tn . BuJprian riolln .., ,,·M,..;.j >I>c I>od be." taU$k. ,h" .. mo .""",It< in Sofi. M •• n)l<""" "~ "". I .. t • • ,;,.I"' ... tat< '" S'" /"""", ,,;'~}~hJi M don. 1 ~ 7' ).

uf Ilw ...,ri... ""1,,,,,11)' . ppo-.l ill ... iIIiO«! r",m "' n.. S""", mop"''', 'I. . f,n, of thnt IVa• • , .... prodU- I'<'m"';"", expl.in,nll mla..~, Inown!'

Sam<

...,,,,it< .ha,

11<.,.."" rn.",

h.

AdnowIedgements

in,,,,,..

only tho Iot, .... , .1>" ,,,. "."i~ "",n' for 1110 .. my "" " ud< fC<>uO"lg<mcn' r, .. 'hc pro .... ' """ ,h.

.\.Ir ¢WOk> ,~ l)o""hy Del "y, "h..... booM< <X.f
"'110.,

)'0''''

1om oMobl<4 '0 ,h. ",.ny f,.;.....,1> . ...1<011<.,..... _.bl~ Ern"" ...1 Hu"";, .. ,,-lio n h,,~ l,,,,"d rh""'t< .". "oed ' ''1, "'-It< '" , .... """k.• 00 ~,""'" '''U''''"'''' 110 ..... oIwaJI b«n "" helpful: 00..1 In I" ,,, Kyro H.. m~ . nd IbonW ,,'110 ... ".in".lon~ ........ k ;., trying ""' ."""is .. ....J ~ 1<1" "... ;"''''" abl<

p."",..

,«,,,.. '!bonk, "'" ,".ll ,hoc . .. ny ,,"""nlS _r Ih< (,f,_,yo", rcnoo.l durin, "h;';h thc boJp«I, ... ho 1Io'~

",«I .. willin& ond enth",i.. ,;.; 'S"""'. pill>', malo.,pt r><""bk to mine ond ru!ni&n ..,,110 e>«
How to use Basics Which ~e~isc [0 praCtise? How long to practise it for? H ow often 10 practise it?

Everybody', nHdI al'<" that may b<

d;I'f<'~n1.

and on """re,,,,

..,le",,". for Or>< pl» "et moy be irrele-

"" .• limo by

',"run,. the hind so ,II., r""", inl<>" "

Iioo, prd:>lem •• '"

1i~ly

'0

aru..

in .ubocqucn,

~P<"'"
""nt for anolh
pnK"ricc . Fllken minu\CI

of WI)' .ccording 10 prcroO'CI\CC.

"",,,,;1$0 """ m"" ,ha, )"001 .pe nd one !lour ;".,.ad of ,wn .."OfkIna on in""IO!ion in

~

In i"'onl,ion

picc •. /IIony 0(

""""';>eO include I II P'J'I"bilirin of

'I'll" <:ll¢\~I catego";"". S<Jm" ~ ...

tbo ohifting

intended limply 10 ilIumin.te > particular tiJ)«1 of

Ihiftina from olle finger 10 ~[10Ih.".. On"" yuu llave

playing, C.,., ",,", I, 2, 6, 19, ~I, ". Thou oln lw

~ ...-d

",.urned 10 from .'me ro time. but do n'~ need In

""",rtQj.c you play aftc"""rd< feci.

,hem fm an ho",", or f.,..,en minu,<'S, ohe

"'ott

0«11'"

bte1tuJc, In cff<:<:t, y<J\I h..." .. "'ady .....rked on III !he sh lft.;n """..,.

Some of rhe .""reilC'S .n: de'Ign''
Somo

di/f"",m .'peCll of pl.)in&, fat <:U.mpk: ,h. fttl

ju" pl . ying, fur """mpl., shiflink

0(

p~........ lik. '"

' I"'nd all the prac';': " in. dlY

.,..,..,il,a

Qt

10<1<."

n ch ling .. <>n the bolo'; "f rai>ing .n
production n."" .... Til" iml'""1:mc"fl' in the

""ish'

amc ..I I.",,1 or pl"yins lbo, '",ul,. r""" .......-tini tl~ tbi, Can be." fel, fo, a long rime to como.

~ni'''''''

oj' dnwinx • buw, .,ld 10 on. Most of Ihe<e ... '"ery shorr and .imple, and do ,,<>, ~ui'"

more 'hM ,i.,y or ni""ry kCondo, e.8.,

"..,.. J, 4, S, 9, 56, 89, 98, 128. They do nO. n<=l

10 boo prl>Cliw:J

"''''ry d.y••I,h"uj!h many pi")",..

IIlth<>ugh /Ja,;';' is no> a boo:>k ,0 play ",,"Ough from CUVl."f to~,

on. approach " to pli<1;'" "'''''''"" ~i<m

c....."l f do)·. Some CI~"" 'od

find that dHf,'TCJl' =rcisa b«ome 'f.vou.; ... ' to

thing from each

which !hey mum alOin and

·I"hoy ..,," bo

will take lhirty S«
u..-J d.ily (u, buildi, 'II ",w";quo, ut, by raumill~

minu.n, wh., i, prxri..d ,J<]><"nd. cmi",ly on ohe

", 11><."111 "'Sullrly, UoN It

~

I i i in.

quick w.y ' 0 m Sure

individual', "'-...od< and .,.. ilability <>f limc.

oha, ........,.mlng sta:" 1t11100d ..wIo.i"ll' ,.ro.."T. Keep a record of what l"'u ""'" pnni>ed. I'","

Othe'

",.,,,,,ises

I~

wHd p..c,ic. """il\C1l ,11.,

cumpl", in " r<M' ut oh.m.ti,.. kt)· ,iena'n,"", r.g~

NnSlan.ly
(.uch o. OIl

",.Id, m.y I>
}"OU rl.y >t. M ..... each e"" ....... wioh • tick eacb

Som.: of the key """",ion in th .. ca,egory II"<

time yuu do it. f'rocti
,,"'"

142), r'.
"f· II ''''ng, I"", poIiliom·,

produc,;"n, .lIif'in3. In,un.,ion and ,·ibro,o.

e.~n:i .. ,

U,.,J again and "",in, oh~ imp""" !he 1'10;"'"

·0 "ring, high pom'ioo·, and so

,.chniqut on I eo""" I>.1 baii!.. M'I\)· B~iI"l ne",Mt .. n 1\0 u.od '" daily pracrio: '0 save rime. In'''''''~)f1 • • erci>ocs, for insuon~,

. ... -"

...

",.k< I "o,e

<>rI.

Thumb counte r-prenure is wmc,;m"" ""ry lillle, ond ~ , othe. tim .. mo",. dq",nding on the .mount of pru.u..c in", the .,.ing, and which pa" of the bow it uK
mu~h

Counter-pres.u .. i, autom.tic aad unconscious, but c<>nsciou> ",leuing c~n be h
PI.co th" thumb al ln .n&l. of .bout

4~'

to tho bow, SO th., the ,ip "fthel.f, , ide ,,{,he thumb (al .. en

from tho pi>}",,', ~-poinl);' on the stick ond the right 'ide i. again" the not .The thumb ohould .Iwa)l"l bend outwa,d •.

Thi. eUK',. oh ...... how much coum .... p"''"''n: the 'humb hOI to IIi"" in "wry port of the bow.

Uvht Ind .. I•• ed thumb de,pltt tho I>'"O"u" into tho: ...ing

.t the POint t he thuMb
the bow on the .lring ., the h«l. jUst in fron, of the fin, finger, holdLIIg Ih. bow wilh only the thumb and fo .., finger (Fig. la).

1 Pia ...

I SI""'ly pu,h the wood ofthc b<>w down IS for as postibl •. H""""'<.", hud)'Q~ ~""'i1> into th~ OI.inll, thl: thumb con be light.M r<:1>Jt
Rrplo« 'he bow on th~ lin ",. «nt;men" higher up. Slowly ~m1I th~ WOOw dow"., far •• pos.iblc. F<~I how Ihe thumb h. , 10 CQunt.,-prus a fraction mO ...... Ih~ bow w;lh only tho thumb and forlt f,n~~., P"'" th" bew d",,'n ;n,,, th~ "nni centimetre b~ Centimctn: ~n tho .... hole length (If Ihe bow. Fttlill tho d,m:r,,", degrees of ooUn!cr' pre .. un: tho thumb ha. '0 i;"\I:. Pn.... inS a, ,he point c........ , the mOil c
4 Cont;nui", 10 hold

S USin,' no.mal bow bold, pn:. d",,'n Into th" "ting in It\"'ty p • ., of the bow, fulin,oUlh. difl".n:nt
INSTlMO. DE·ARTt$ ~ '~1

II">1TCA.

Ri~h,

Arm .nd Hand

o

Bow hind

•

The thumb and second finger

5«...,_ ",_, "'' ' ' """'' '",.., ""'_. _

n

Tho th~",b and IICWruI fu tacr o.c 1M c.~t'" 0( 1M "''''. )",Id, TIt.; Ik:COItd r"'lI"r " .. d. (0 oil ""ry .IWn1y to tho left urthe thurnb (01 ..,en from the pll)"r'. vi~;n!; l'iB, 2). A bow IIDld with the thumb ~I"'W' ,h. JetomJ and u,;nffiltltl'l c~n c~u~ ,.nlWn in the b_ M the' th umb. ('((';thOU' ,ht 1>0... , h"ld the hond In bow-hold posi'ion. M""" (he thumb Yay IJowly lowonjJ ,h. fo"rth flll$«. TM closc:r the .humb 8« ' tu tho: f"".,h finger .h. ~rdcr the m" .de become> in Lhe b"t: of the thumb,) The thumb sho'J ld no. be pl>«d b<"""" ,/u fin' aNi utlMd fi",... I> with thret r"" ... on ••id. of (h. thumb ond ont the < t, . , "" •• the thumb. cl u,inN it '0 N'" (0 \\WA too hard, An:y d",,"'nw.ro Pl"SSurc from the firs, ftnger It... ,,,,o,er otIe... tho furth.,. owoy (",m the thu",b i, il. {

lhumb Ind _ond ling ........ 'ioNhip

Us< I no.",albow held ,h roughcul tlti •• ".,rei.." M n"" the .ip of 'he bo", up and dOl'" uling "nly Lhe fin~c .. , "'" 'h" han<1. -I" help iwlne the: fiflllCr mot'emem to tIlO( tht hind 1".lf ",,,,.11'1 "ill. 11<,1<1 tht ri&ht hind WIth 'he Idt hond , PIKe ,II< ,humb un the ba~k o r the hondo ltld the lin, f"'
H~W 'he ""'" in

,he upper h.lf (l'ig. Jo). FecI th.lint fonger suppor.ing.1l Ihe ""'~I"

1

I'b\n d,,,,"n " 'M the lirst finger, m.king (he h",,1 of the bow rf\O\'t up (FiJ. 'J b). I-:OIi"" 'he (""nh tinae, t onl)' th~ f"'II<' '" m",.. the bow.

0(

the bow .

f,,,,,.ntt

3

Reluse the fi ... flnll"CO" P"''"'u,"". lelling the hed of the bow "",,'e down. Feel the 1>0'0.' movina lround

!hi: thumb aod !.Ccood fin~r. hke lhe o:(n\N; of . 5«1' ..... Itcpt" Ihe mI,.'emcm >evcnl times, in • c,,",inw>u' ",ution. ~

tI,.

Rcp<:~' ",i,h Ihe I,.nd in middle of the bow. ",he.. I,u ""i<' il pUlh,ni in.o ,he n"" finger;", Ih. l"'i",,,'f.b.l~n'·,,, ",h",...Ik- bow ""'I, •.""nl)· bobne"",; in ,he no,m.1 """'_Mid "",;.;on. where the fOl.mh finger ,upporn.U.he weight.

F ig. )

Righ, Arm:ltld H .nd

.,,<1

80w h ind

Thumb flexibility

__

!nvi.iblt, unconocio ... mm~mtn" of 'ht thumb ..... n t ••.,mi.l po" of alm",,~ an boW'ltro);".. A ri,iid thumb tan b.dl~ affect the enti ... bow .rm .

PI.:lrd, pl . y whole bo....s on voe note. Keep th~ hJnd god fingen; 1O(M ar.da. ond th., fin,troo..rd, " 'he", d,e bow ,,'iIl be """icr and dttpcr in the strinj'. Keep the nni"" .nd thumh rcla. cd ond fTCC. 4 Fin.lIy. " .. . k<: the mcwtrncnt whil. playlnl ,~ry h<:o"';ly nc.r the brida<:, The t:.,umb .nd fing<:n "'''uk! rem.in free "'~n ,hough. lot <:L".. ig:ht now h•• to go into the bow. Keep the right .hould,·, ",lox"". R
Balandng with the fourth finger

....,..w,

1'lI"u" in tho ~r half, the fourth fing<-r .i.. on the bow a. on a contr.)llinll tho ,,~u ... of''''' \>01<- in the string. In the upper ha lf th., fourth finger balance. the fi"" fing .., p,,'.. mina the ,one from btoomin.ll 100 """",d.' lIoloneinl the 1>001' wilh 'he fourth fln"r is 01100 a moio, pl,t ohillifttd bowinRf .

•

Eu,.d .. 1 Pbint the bow .li"'tI~ mOR 10000N. the I.ft .hou lder, 01 it does du.inl norn,.1 pl.~inB. K«-p the thumb
,,,,,
TW'II the hand clockwise: so thlt th. bow points '" the right, and the hait i. above th, ..iek (Fia. 5.). 2 Mok, a fa", a"tid""kwi ... mO',..mcnt ,., ,h.t the bow i•• uddcnl)· murn.d '0 i.. normal pH.ition . Make the rn",~me-nt '" quickly thO! th .... i, • ',,,i,hing' noise . , ,h • • i, , u,he. through ,he h oi,.

F..I . II the ""ighl of lh. bow ~;n8 intv thc little finae, (Fia. 5b) . Rdox tht thumb.

._-_ _--_ ... ---_"""" Fig_ 5

...................... .......... "" ... .. ..... ....,'....... - 1..... po.no - ,-..,"" • " ' -..

........... "" ... _

..... . ."."." .-». »_ 1.......

~ ,"",, ~!aqr< 0II)\lU

~

.. _........, ...,100 ~

Ript Arm and Ho.nd

•

Eurci.., Z l'oint
.n.._."._.......,.. _ ... _01 .... .............. ......... ....

_, ....,.,. ""',.., '" -.

bow ............ ..... ~

--..... -~

...........

,

Hold the Il0l<' ",ilh only ,h. ,humb a nd f"utlh fins"" jun btl"", the poin'-(lf_bal . ncc' (Fig.

(0),

(>laco

the fouflh flllJIff dirrt!ly On rop of (he 'tid. J M"",,!h. pOin, "r,he bow up, by pushina down with Ih. liuk r.ngcr ( I:i~. 6b),.OO then I«'he point d<>wn .gain 10 til<: "'fling poi", (Fig. 6. ). Kt
, in . <: in i' ~ u~uoJ position .

" ig. /;

Holding the bow without gripping Tho fi"ien mu" .I""yo he uli",. on the bo:>w. Tiny odjus,mw hold h."" to he mod. oll '~ ,im<, beOI Uk the condition. of pl.ying . I....}.. oh, nainll. From nolo 10 ""I., Ihe brain ""nd~ l1\illion$ of .ul>consci"", mc ....!I<" I" the (inge ... '" change ,h.;, e<>n .. C1 with th. bow. Th~'" often invi.ibk: ehanie . .... in"incliv<: ..... ,ion. '" mu,k.1 f«linll and I" Ih. cbl"llina «ontoe" of the bo:>w with the . , ring, nther ,hl n being sol1l"Ihing th .. c.n he I.ugllt "r 1•• rn •. 111" bow h.. 10 be held w,thoul und"" t
.T<

• _ ---.-.... , ~~

...... .......... ...... ... _,,,,,,, . ~.-... ~ ........... _""""". ,_,-.11 ............ -.....,..,..,.,...... - ""... .". ... ... '" """' -~..,~ ~

-_. _-

......... " ... ...., on . """" "'''4 . .. . ............ "'- ....... . . ... .........

- --~

-_--

-"""-"" ............ s'-, "Of! .... ,'"

.....

You .10" h.,·. '" be . bl. \0 mal«: l~'i'" ddiberalc 'Itcra'ions ,,, the btM· hind, r.... in'l.n«, when pl'yini pp one moment .nd "'G"U; .h~ next I""'r el,. 1

The fing. .. hold the bow rltnlly in Slrong, f"",oful pl.yin" ~.. n "lu.,<"zing i, . , tim ... (f01" in'l.n«, pl.ying. Iltolov,. h.J/;J 0' bow trip. 111.... i. nothill$ ,,·rong ",ilh . ""'ng bow hold whtn n«dtd , IS Iong •• ;t;' Itwoyl foll",,"«1 b~ < Fourth finll'" on the wf'{ltt', "ui;U ,dp of ,h. bu",.. 1~ ke th •• ocond .nd third lingc,"" oll"th. bow Wia . 71) . N",ie"<' the ",.Iiti()1\, ,he t>ov,. is bolonced in Ih. hand, and don n(W(ight .nd b.I.n« in nch f.'W'" without grippinJ th. bow with th. fi~n.

".,.

' ¥''''''''''''''

MII""~"""'" 'itO< "

4

Kigll. Atm .nd Hind

80w h.nd

Fi g. 1

•

E..e""iK 1

1I...~'itf fi,mly ,h. fina'" hold 'he bolo·. they .hO~ld be abk [0 m~ (reely and O""ibly. In ,hi. ,,...,d •• "'p the hand qui« "ill, with only 'he finSCr> mOl."ina. F~I ,ru, pad, " f .he firs, . nd 'hird ftngtt<, the joilU nUrff' the nail of the s«ond finlle •• Ind 'he ';PJ uf 'he thumb and founh ftnker. On the b<)W. 1I.....,tt fi,ml)· th~y II<Jldth. bow, 'he finK"rs can move f"",ly, and indopo:nden.ly ~f ,he hand. ,

Il oid the

bi:N,.

point ina up """iu lly.

fi..,."

2 Mo,· •• he tip of the bow in drde-s ",in, ""'Y ,'" ( Fig . 8). Hold lh. bow 1"1:1")· f,rml}', and mo,"\: 'he finecfJ ~I br ~ll'oniblc . h m ay be hd"ful '0 hold . hc right hand wi.h the I.fl, 10 m.~c ,u,e that only the fing.rs mo,· •.

) D<> .he so me wi,h 'he _

I)Q

bow in pll)·ina

Fig. 8

flOS;.;~n.

.h. Same wi.h 'he bow puin.ing.o .he righ., bow h.i, .1>0>..

,h. ".i~ k.

•

Ih e""hc: l • PI.y

~ ... l

. 10w, ... hole OO".. ,.If.

• Bowing up ond down eonrinoo" .ly, 11\(>\·0 the hand "I' '0 l~ middle of the bow and b>< ~ ogoin to the h«:I, ".ing onl)· 'he ftngers '" c' ....1up and down ,h •••ick. I, will no' be I""'ible 10 continue .... wling '4' .he 00... b<:)"Ond • cerroin poin, nc. , the middl<:, bu, m"," uP" far U pu" ibk. Still ploy the up-bow:o to the h~1 """n ,,·hen y<Ju, hand I, nu, tlw wling bock down the middle of the bow. The m",1 diffkult bow apin '0 ,ru, frog.

1'"" ;. ,....

•

Hand balance ·At the h.,I, the f",,1 finger Wn'lIC\I the bow d"'e, 10 the ntil joint (F ia. 91), which maUl the h.nd sJi&holy more Vttrical on the bow. 1lte fuurtll f",ger bolan.,... the weight of the bow. At !Itt poin', the fi ... ftnie. con''''''' Ille bow clQse" o 'he middk joint (Fill. 9b), which makn the hind finier.

oli&htly .lItO
fin~

hu !WQ job<. to p
C"",

f"'ger on '01' <Jl the .. ic~ injCCts " .. i¢>t in,o the ,tting.' Ex<:c-p, when playing f t""clt.... the OIiek lightly, Ind in the lowe. half IOmet;",el comes I h.ir'l br"l"ldd-• • ~ from the >1k ~ .

The port of the il

f""

2 TIlt part of Ille f"". /inae. on the side of the stick helps to

~e,p

tru, bow "lIigb! .

8c<.u.. olIe ron •.., point on ,he l ide of .he lIick does no. chana<, it f•• 11 I I .hough Ibe fi .. , finge' 1\.0)"1 liMd /tI one poIinon - even though the Con'K' poin, on .op of the I1ick dutn,eJ betWffn the h.d (nu«. th< n&il joint) ..,d the puinl (ne"'e. the middle joi",).

TIlt fourth fin~"hould Illy on the lIi:k in the upper hl lf unJe .. the hand i, tOO 1...... 11, lcepina tho hand bl1anctd on the bow ond helping '0 • ....,;J '00 much ftrst-ftnge. pre.. ure . Thc cltln¥ from mO", _,,,"1 It the h •• l (Fill. 91) '0 more ,il.. d "' rhe point (fia:. 9b) must ruop~ unoothly 01" the bow wi!! lbo.u IOm~ h.r •• ,..,und the middle o( I whol. down-bow .troke.

Ri$h.

.. .......... ._..... .....-. ---."'" ,...

-~...,

"""" ..,

_b_~""'"

,,""' .......

-~-

I... ' . I . _ I I

~¥>d _NtwlI

>O
fwvo«' """""'" "..,..

OW""" .....". ......

Arm and Hand

The flnt 11nge< <""..."ing the bow betw .... the noil loI ~t _ 1M middle joint

ContocCing tho bow nu,. , to tho mlddlelolnt

PI.y .Iow, .'.. n, 8 . whole 00"" nn e Ihe midi<" 1 S'"II pl~i~g al !he h«1 withou, the f,rsl fin,e. (Fig. 101). Afte •• rew (Ont;mele", pu' the f,n, flnsOf d""", in its usu.1 place"" ,he $lick. C<>nlinuing do,'m .bow, l. ke off Iht fouIIh finB«' lhi< f"'8<" on the bow excePT the fin!. Be c. .... ful to put the fing... b.ck in thoir COrtc<:'! ..'lape and pooition. Do exlcdr the J;J me, <1",,'n and up. but wilhoullifiing Ih. ","""nd fini<'"

l

4 The .. me. Nil do nolliti ,he 'hi
u.ual place. 6

\'(Ii,hout lifung any fin~r, each remaining solidly on tilt bow, play f whole boWl wi,h • wlid and ..... n tone , ';'01 the lime change, in w<:ighl dlt uibution _ )"'U ploy fmm h,,,,1 ' 0 poin, and baok ogoin ,

1'1 • • 10

Starting position I t

t~

h ... l

At

t~ ~d

01 the II", cIown·bow

The give of the hand into the bow Thit c>o>'<" "r the ","oroi"", durina the f h"ld the bow firmly and 1"""r the i
Ih~

11.).

•• me 'im.:: eu".. 'he thumb and founh finger.

Ouri", the p, .... Insc 'he firtgn'S ton the bow and roi"" tt..i
• Ploy the ItNke. with In ...... n bow .ptt
10

• Pl.y quart.,..lcnglh IImkcllt th. hocl, middle and po;n, . Rcpc:1I u, ing hl lfh<,WI in the 1<.>Wer h.lr. middl<, and upptt hllf,

Righ i Arm I nd

li ~nd

J

E ( 5th potiUon)

Vertical and horizontal finger movement

•

Eurrlw 1 • VertiYI • Hold tht bow two cenUmW'ft ~ ItIc Wtnjf; .t the nut. with UOlllO'1'ledly n>UfIded finp:n Inti low ~(F... 12a).

• ~. tho bow Qn Ihulrinl by ' '"'.... ,(n;nl the r"'lI< r~n aaain.

• KffP the atm Ind hand lIill. ulina only thl! fins", 10 up and down ••,,~ .... I Ii .......

Jo..<~r

'" .... l~ thl! bow.

MaM IUr< that tho thumb""""" ftftly wi. h the finll<" .... : whon th. ...... tcm. and ..·h.n th. Ii........ cu .... ihc: thumb CUIVa.

flnjlt"f"l

~PC"

tho

m"'~lIIcnl

Ilraich •• n tho .humb

!-it:. 1:

TIlt ,."..,. •...-.eeI rudy to pi... u.. _ 011 tho .lrIng

Exe.d.., 2 - Ho .lzonta l ll>ere i. reany no .uch ,hi~g as a 'hori,,,,,,.!' linger movement , The Ii"i"" a", hardly .bl. to m<:>vo l idowo)'$, but ,,"'hon they ore plae«t on the bow ... 'hat 'hoy I•• n to,,' .o" the Ii"t fing<:r, roth .. thltn ,,,.. ieany, It.-.w.,tcning and curving the tinge .. m","eO the bow homontall ), liong the Itnnll, •

1'llY f

, but using only the

flni<""l

'0 """'" the bow, K«'(l the o.m ond hind a. "in I. pol. ible,

• Cu ..... ,he fingc" \0 mow the bow up, " •• igt".n to m""" d",",'n. Fig>. 11, and 1:Ie .how th. finge .. cur ... d, reldy 10 .. raiaht~n for I down_bow. rig>. I3b .... d 1M show the linge," ""ight.r, ready ,<> cu ..... for on up-bow,

• U"". mirror to "'. that til<: bow ..oy. poralk l to the b. idge , •

I'lay

It

,he It«:l, middle.r>
f

R; ~h t

Arm ,nd H.nd

roin,.

_ .... . --_ ..... -_ . . __.._,-... _m_o.-_ --_...--_ ---_ .. ..... -... . _ _"'

-~.-.

....,..,_.... ...... "'

--. ..... .-..,""" ... ""....."""

.................... __ 11'_ ..

... ... .......... " _ ... c.. _ _ -... ,......

MR1"'IIIUN only tIM fingen mooIe Pllya fr:w CIpftI""ng>" th~ Md. hold!", ,he: righ' hInd ... ith ,II. Idl hand (F". I x ). Pia". 'he th~mb in tho !'11m of tho h3nd, and tit, fin, finller "" the back or 'he hond. Thi' help. to iloll,e .... 1InFr """",men, ,n ,h .. ,h. hond ;oKlf ",ml inI 11il1.

EuTcIK 3 _ V.rtlal ~nd horizont .1 com b itltd Mlk .....u ~1e'I by """,bini.., d•• nninll ......."."""

..c tho r........ ,...,tIt a \trtI~

.....,..."

~

circula,

Iw>d mnwm ..... I),. .........

r""", ".,.,."men, u pouibIc, III IIlrk hand tnOW1I\tn, .. powbIe, and no orm

~n',

Mlk I ~ by ,0ucllin3 tho I1nn, ., ,110 bottom ol the .u"'" (Fi,. 14 ). 1 Surt by lwIdinl the bow wi,h cutved fin,.n ,wo em,ime,m or III lboY< ,he llrin,. ll>c back of,lI. Iw>d ond tit. fin~ .. thould be in a .ltIi;h' Ii"., 1 tit. bow '0 the m;nl in I cin:u lor m...... "",nl . .. ",igh'.nitla the f"'i." dightlr I' loy tlte no, •. , lid lift olf h.ck ,0 ,II. IIOrton,p<';n, by . ... '.,;1Ii the fi~r1.

-"'-""-_. ._. ~ _.-.... ......-_.. ----' .........-----.. ...

....

........ _ __'c Of_..

, ......... __ ""I"

,

I..,....,

I Do tItiI ('IOCh ';"' .nd

II./ltidoc~.

in. cootinuouo motion, a, the hc:<1, mlddk and p<)UII.

Changing bow A littlo , ;"" of tit_ fins, .. hdpo 'he ch. "", of bow '0 be l moo,h. '."i, .,..,reilC IIIIkln. i, • I...., c"nlCio ... m<WI:mcn, of the nllgC1'f.'

~ 'I.ii.rol'"

,h. ,i.., by

"-r thon (DIIC tichth of. bow), .mooIh, ...... inW . troka at the heel , middle I nd po;nl, • ,.-, .. the .nd of tach down·bow, ... hile the bow is still """"",, smooolIly .... igh'.n tit_ rm..,.. and lIIumb. A' .......... lime: Ie, the hand"..,... ,lightly in ,M .. me dorectiort u ,he Ii""", (i.e., dooo.", prochocinc ffioJ'" of I n upwud curve ., th ~ ovrisI).

• , ... , u ,he . nd of each up-bow, ...'hile the bow is uUI """ina, smooIbly . ""'" "'" fingen and ,humb (l0III Iowtt lilt knul\ow ,h. finllCr'1lu" bef"re thl: down.bow; lJb and 13d >1\"", 6.m jus, 1>«"", the: ~. In .nltly ,helC finaer and It.nd rTIO'VI:mcnts con be 50 .Iiah' H '" be in,;,ible, since 'he linies, .... II """"'" mike the: bow e""..... lmooth!

'0

____ .......... -,-......

, _ ... c . . .

,_,

................... _ ........... .... -.-... _",-.Of ...

----.. -~-

((t. •• (01 .........

"""'" "" -...

-.'''''' """,",,'"

., Bow

~~ , Id

Bow angle Thc fingers help to ~p the bow parallel with !he bridge. A cummon erro, i. to try to COrreC' crooked bow "",i
"""It

Uling

•

u.. finwe<' to olle' tho 1"91e 01 the bow

Hold the txtw.!>ove the . ,,;ni at the heel. M",.. the poin, towa,d. the bridi< (Fii. I ~.), and """Q)' f.om the br.dgc
• To mo •• the ruin, in '
Keep the hul of the txt... I bm" the loing.

•

K.ep the arm .nd hand Jlill. Moc<: • coin <:o n th. back of the hInd and mlk. the mQVt"men .. without the coin r.l~ng off.

Hand movements M""inll the hud from .he ""i." du,ina . trinll "",.,inp, reduc .. the "",'·.men, n«dN b)' the uppt", arm Ind f",,,",m. A little hand mo,.. mcn' n:plk
Enrci.., 1 _ h.ic movements Hold the fon:orm nco, the: wrist " 'ith the left hand. I

St." with the forearm and hand in 0 .. raia:!>t line.l"en I""", the hind from the wrist, bel"", the 1....1 of tilt fo...ltrm. Thi! crent'S a 'hi~' wril l (Fia. Iba). ReTurn ' 0 the Slt"\llgtrllinc 3gl1 in, and rt1'U) oeveral ti",.,. in I continuous motion. lUi •• the hJnd .bO\.• the 10",1 of .he forearm. Thil c.. at .. a '1"",' wtill (Fi8. 16b). R
..",;gbl

K<:cp the turearm ratOlI. 1 wi,h Ihe floo,.nd

m<WC

only ,II<: hand.

2 1>1 ..... th. hond from 'ide to ,idc, kttpina .h. forearm Ind hand pa",lIt llO th.I100r. Swina the poi " t of the bow towards 'he shoulder by """,ing the hand .0 the lef. (Fig. 16.0), Ind . way again by moviflll il to the righl (Fig. 16<1). (N 01UtOlly, thi. m"",mcnt i, n ..... r uK
PUt III<: ' ..... tical and horizontal """,em"n.. together to mol«: cirel.-.. eu"" tho fing' r> and thumb a, the hand n>OV<"S up, . ... ighl. n a, the hand m O\'Cl down. 1>1"" 0 lhe hand only, keeping ,he fo
,It.jon",....

Right Arm and Hond

Bow h.od 1:l g. 16

E""rcl,.., 2 In :hit C",-rciK, use I. !iul<: I.m mO\'(m~nt "' poniblo to «<>t. from One "ring to another, to .XIggcnot. the hand m,Wtment. M.inly use the hand, moving from tho wrist, and forearm ",,,rion (Ott paae 15).

•

l'Iay only in the Uppt"f hllf.

I

In uch bar, position the elbow in. middl~ position.., th .. lhe h i nd . I n ~.ch both outer itri"", CtlmfUflobl~,

I

Use . higher wriot to pilY • higher sttine (Fill. 1M) , ond • wri" to plly I lowtt minll (FiS. Ibbl.

AI .., ploy E><erdse 4 Q in the uppc.. hOlf, chLnac $"in(p.

"'ins

I.".",

unly the h ond to

Riiht Arm and Hand

•

Bow II"'" ERrel ... )

A. in Exerc;" 17, use •• linle upp<:r-arm """"men, a. J>05.ible '" c"," [rom on~ "ring to ano!he" "" •• aAe,..,. 'he hand """'I"""n,. UK" hiih« wei" TO play. hish« "rini (Fia. 160), Ind .. Io><·.r wrin to play I lowe. Olril\jl ( I'ii. lOb). U", plenty of for •• rm romlO". 1 F'I"I' ploy thro"sh us,ng IOn cemim" ... ofbQw in tho middle.

2 Then "'I><"' ".ins Tcn ."n'i.... ' ... or bow at ,m, pOint. l

Use half 00- in the upp
a, Ixf"••

I'lay the .. me . eque"". on the D - A and A- E mings.

Wh.n ployil\jl .Q', or (for example) playing h~",)' chords, you use lOme ....;,tn fivm ,he UPI><' arm. lIow""'" orm W.il!hl ii' ofIon tOO dum.y r~, delica,e n"a,,:eo. A finer .on,o., with the string can ",me from 'ho hand, with 'ho ,..,., of
All the dill"• ...,nt pKlpOr""", u( a,m and hind ""i"" ore n..dod fu, dill.«"t Itrolt •• and .11"«..: all I,m "",ish', no hond; half Onn ""i"", half hand; all hand, no orm; and . 11
Using welgnt from the arm Thi. exereise re
Put the fingal or ( Fill·17b).

)"
"r
other hand und ••

th~

wrist, ,upporting the arm

equ.ll~

w;,h both h.nd$

) Vtry .Iowly remove 'he fi<>i
Put ,h. fing"" of YO'" frtt hand under the bowini hond, . uppOrting ,h. ",.. i"" ,,( 'he .,m e"ually wi
5 \\:ry . lowIy •• move 'he finge" , uppOrtin; the wrist, ond ~u.lIy ,.. nsf« . 11 the "·oi"" of 'he pl"Y'
Wig. 17c). G

12

[M"" ,h. 1>0-... ;nlo ,h. pi,,)"'" hand, the pial'"~ l,ilI "",;na the
Righ, Arm .od Hind

P~It'ng

Th(n ,lUI 1!'Ie I»<:k "fyou, hand unde, Ihe h.ir nco. the h«1. The plly«', u m "'OIl ~u.n~ on ~ns«s unM, the t.owUtg hand, and .h. ",;><;k of you, other It>.nd unde, . ";~tanl'l hind (I'ill. 17;).

11>0 I nli", _ighl 01

SUppOrting Iht _iIIhl of lhe

Iht olbow

arm

~'ng

,''' tim at

~ually

ollhe olbow ond

the poim of.1>o h.nd

... 11>0 'lint hond Inoel1. tho bow Into'ho pI.yol" hond

G,.dually I"ml. , a U 'hI WI";!"I

Inlo tI>e ling." In t!>t Iho hind

)1)<>,

,."ihi ,h. en.i,e

Vlry .Iowly remove lhe left

h.nd. gradually ".n"o"lng oil tho _i\jh. ;n.o lh. fingers unde, the wfisl

wriSI

\.uppo0 ..."oq ... ~y altM wr'ot ond In

_ig hl inlo lho n" ng

~Im o f

Supportln!!lh. wllghl of Ihl Mm "'I"ally in Ih. ~Im of lhl hand and tllrough t!>t bow

Th. left hand tonlin .... to wpportlhl wllght .... .

1 ,,,,

GradUlUy l"n,l... wl lghl ,nlo IIIe hind wpponing Ihe bow

Right Arm .nd Hand

punlng w1illht Ineo t". Wing

•

Using we ight from the hand """' ... tl'!< ......................, 1_78.

111e mo,"Crncnu in Ihi. exereise a", II<> sligh,.s '" bf In"i,ible, 1

Re.t Ih<: middle of the 1><»0' on ehe .ering. PreSI tho wood down 'Q ,he hair with tho hand, in . mQ~on , imilar 10 the duwnWlrd m"""mcnt that 0"'"1011 high wrist ( Fig. j6J,).A. a ""ult lIle wrisl will b< very slighdy mOre OJ agoin. Do nO, pr",' tho /irst fi"~r 10 .""" P"'''U''', o r 'urn the hand on.o the nrot finger. h.1 the extra P"'''u", from the handlWri., distributed e'o"Cnl~ Imung'" ,he flnKe ...

2

1'",

th.bo.... On tho .. ring . centim.,," aoo-'< tho middle ond "'J)<:al. Do the ",me, a oemi"' ..... high« uch ,ime, up to the porn •.

J Play !he fol1<)\1o·i ...

PIli"""

in the uPp"r half, USIng only !he hind movemene '" ploy the " ........ Do no. play u ch n01. with a fa.e .... low bow sp«<j: "'" on •• ,'
4

Play 01"",·, /, down- o"d up.-bow "rok... in !he uPI"" half, ",ing ""Iy 'he hand """",m<TI' '0 oink Iho

hair heavily intO the OIrinj], Play on each strinl.

Spreading w e ight through the hand

•

Sp",ad bow pt't'S.urc Ihroughout the bow hand, .. ther
•

Ploy mt
•

NOf;~

how the weigh, fceb ",rcad le_, ehc hand tIlther than only preuina: ,hruullh the fil'1t finll<1".

• Then fInd the .. me f•• ling while playing "iI' h<>ld.

•

Exerdle :

If !he I«{)nd f"'~t h. pOtieiontero
,,,.1><

•

H" ld .he bow w;'huuI the fi .. t finger"n!he !lick, and wi!h the kCon d finger jult Ilighd~ mo,e left "fthc
•

Pl:oy a few loni' JY ""'''' "" each .. rina; or play wh,,1< pon age. in pice ... F..llllc second f,nitT hdpina: to pllOducc 'he sound .

•

Repeal wi!h 'he firs, finJ!
Righ, Arm and Hind

•

P\l1I and push AISo> ... 5lfi1g '''''''''''. b:.." :",, ~~

·'trokc,,,

th.,

h il sicnifqnt
, uS1~ined

whote _

,n.

.. on one not •.

I Do .... -bowl: ploy wi,hout Ih. r.nt f,nger o n the bow,

Up_bo,", play without ,h. fourth finger on the bow.

• I'IJJ "'" down-bows; pldh Ihe Up-_'I , • Th
Forearm rotation A li'lle fo«arm ro .. tion (lb. mo'... "",n' u>cd to 'urn a door Itmdle) .an « pia,", I m..ch IlfFT """,.."nt n, of "'" whok Irm .

Exerci ...

I

Fill. 19

PlI.nd dodwi",. liftina tbe bow up and '<>lind ' 0 'he riah' un,il i, i. up. ide _down

e

(FiI· 19). Ilo,um '" the mini and

repc:., ..,....1 ,im.. in I

«Mttin""", m.,..",enl,

•

En,..!.., 1

I'\ay ., "''''ttl<:

lb. 11«1, with lb. 'iJht elbnw potitioned 1.....1 with Ih. middle . "inllS, M""" the ("",.,m 0<11)'. II rnay be helpful to place lb. left hand on the right UPI'<"" arm to holp ~eq> i, "ill. t A, Ih ...

,,,,me h.el, play loll"" up-bow on the E mi ni. Stop (Fill. 201) .

I M<>v< ,he \><>10.. ,,, Ihe G ming, u,ina unly the hand (r"",.rm) ' " chang. 1.....1•. SlOP (1'1$ , 2Ob). I Ploy .1-I>0rt d",,·n· bow ,,0
• Rtrurn '" 'he E mina, U,ini ",".Iy

Ih~ f~.,,,,,

Stop.

S MOl"< ,he 1>0<0<' '" .ho G . trinjj:, ond.., on .. ' .... I time •.

It fIIO)' b< hdpful '" play
,h.

F ig . 20

,,,....Ns

Righ, A,m ond Hand

Ilurels.l Play Exerci.es 11 and 18 in tho /or"", ,hirJ of tho bow.

Play ,,·',holl' any h.nd mQftnl(n, . C",,_ SIringS by lumina 'hc ("",ann, and . 1", UK. I mall .mounl of fonger m<Wem.,,' (= page 7) . Mok. ,n. ~ tr;ng o.'<»lin" ,mco.h and I'Qunde<J .

•

l",udH 4

The hand 'urM ,,,,,,.. n1. the firs, finger (pronO!ion) [0 gi'" ~ .",r ~IU'" in,o Ihc S!ting. ' It 'uml loward\ the foutili fi,,~", (Iupinalion) to n:d""c p ... "'u .... A llish' .up;"."(),, i! In ",""n,i.1 clome,., in man)" <>ff.thc...,ing bowin,," ' All 'he m"""""'''tI of the hInd in ,hi. oxcrd« cum. f.om I ,,>11';00 of the f= .. m, no, tho hand ;,..,If.

Rc., thc mOddl. of the bow lightly Ofl the .tring , with tho hand in ito normal rosilion on tho bow. 1 PrUI tM WO(ld Qf Ihe bQ,,' d",,'n IQ Ih~ hair b~ leaning ,he h.nd mo« !O Ih. lefl (pron.,c): Ih. firs, .nd StttInd fiogcl'll pr• ., ,he 00-.' dO'l'o'n, ~n d ,h. (uY'lh fin~ ' (flight.n •• Iighdy (1';", 211) . R.Ie."" 'he wood or Ih. bow b~ le.ning 'h" hond oJighll, ,,, 'he rigll, (, u!'i"o,e): II,. foy,1h [Ulger . Y.... ""'"'. and the middle j<,illl oflhe firl' (UlKer .nmc:i """'y from ,h. flick (I'il. 2Ib). 3 Max" "'i. frum -.idc.'<>-$ide mowment I no' m(>'>'.1he UPl'<" .rm '" elbow. M<>w Ih" fingers and fon.... rm onl)'. f••1ina ,h. hInd (umina around (he ,humb. ~

Then do "'~ .Ime whik kuping Ihe """"" of'he bow p'''Sed down '" ' he hli,.l1 th. ,ime. "'ithoUl ",Ieal;ng during rhe . u!'in ..;"n. Th. and second finllCrs mu," n",",' 1ce~ ptt>.ing down, ,,;Ih "'" middle loin, of lh~ rom finll
fi,,,

UppeHllrm movement

.. _..,. . -'--, • """"'V .... _ _

"' ...... "'" ......., ......

Exercise 1 _ Vertica l moYk' of ,h. ex.",; .. """'" the .oitoIt .,m from d,e .h<>u l d~ •.

",",

............ . . . - .... <-.goO .0."'11 ..... _ .,..""'''' ........... ._ """" ... ' ' 90<' ,,,. -, -, ""......... ...",,0<"-".... -.,,, ."" .........

,

..._ . a_ . . " . . .....

'-----

'''9''_'''''' ....... "' .... r... .... ,,1._', _ _ , ........... _ '1""' .... _

,~_

.... .

.... '~ ' b 'k "

"' ........ .........

.... _ _ '1

16

Ri~ht

Play tile uercOse in two ways: StOP Ill. bow on the .. ring I>efure """';ng ,,, the next SIring 1.,..,1: play Ind "op _ m",,, '" Ihe n'" .trin, and "OJ! - play and stop - mow '" "'0 next . ..;ni and ItOll - nc, 2 I'lay Ind mo'.. all ;n on. acr;"n: play and m""" _ ploy and m"'.. _ etc .

Arm and Hond

•

Eun:1H : _ In a nd out ToontdI 1M nod
Play In front of I mim>r. To .. ~ r. Pbocc th< _on the A IIn rq I. !he poin. , p.nJkl with e Iof., WI tIw '0 l«p ..... bow JIU'IIlld 10 the lind&< the arm haI.o be .... iJh. ( I'la. 2~). ~~on Itr<>krs up-bow and do.."n. in.he lop '1UlrIC.,. of the txM·: 1b kttp!he t_ p.rlll~1 with.he bM.., "fI' bow), m"ch more .hln ",""1. Repoa. "" toch >!rin,. J S.,...I\nd!he rotm;I ...... of the vi<.lin, "·h.....,!he Irm I.... itha- too Itnilll' no< too benl •• the rod a( the down·bow. Ploy the lotio,., llrokes It th~ !up of lhe bow lOP"', rc-.I~ the u"", (thouJh ..... 11er) .. --.I out"..,...",..ntt .. bd"on: .

1

"!>PO'

_ .... -_ ....... ---'

... ....,... ......

-

' '''''' ..... 10 the poinl

......... (._J

.....

"'"

_-..................-.....-_-.." . -_...__.....,-_ '.___...._-.-_-. ""'.........-... . """_ ... _

n.. ..w-, ..... _"

.

1.'''' ........

...... ('In, ~

1M91....1Il9

...... .... _

T'" violin pc>litio<* SO tn.1 IN .......... 10 bt

I

...... ""-'1'

........ _

...... -,....- ....

too waigh!

~~

About raising the elbow $om<: OChooil o( "ielin rllyi", luga." ,b •• ,h. e lbow .hould be on the lime lewl ., 'he bow mOlot Q( .h.

. uggesl thaI the elbow o.hould be h>aJ">ct" ,II the 10....« ho.l(ofth. bow ( ..... inl durina the upbow, Iowo-rina: durirq the down. bow). """., .'" .dvan'lJn in botlI ..... Itoth Ind "'any pllyn-o IHC • _ _ _ _ of the I ...... tkpmd~ on ...·ha. they.", p loyinc.

tOIl<. Othm

.i_."'.

0... ad ... n. . o f U<.plfI& the elbow ~"d with II.. bow in !he l00000..,, halfil the r«linll of the e lbow"..,..mll .... ..... <,..,· c.n help 1<'> like _1111' Out o fr-.

""iah'

.id.

chan&.,. bow.

""It".

III \lot ...,.(OJ dJ.,..tl .... .... I*irIood, I plo)''''.. lover the bow ond bow arm intu .... win, by sIiIhe elbow. u an"" inw tht s1l"1l>l by ",..inl the elbow III Ih<: uppe1" hair is ul u. lly.., oJiaht ..... 1111 hlldly vil ibit:. Iltboolll ","ny playen 11«<1 10 ..,~ i. conlidOntbly.o find CttOtlp

P"""'.

..

.... ... ~-

.......

--_ _........ ._ ._ ..._ _... .....-....... ..._ _ ...... ..... ......... .............. -............ _,_ ..... -.. .... n.._ "'_ ... ...... ,......_ ..... _"'" ., .. _

00\1 ..... ....

H .... ' ••• _

....

_

...... '11' I

-~

"

.... _'-. ....

......... -...,.

~-~

Rlml An" .0><111.11<1

•

Leliiding string crossing Th. righ, arm does not h.,.. '" m",.. all in One piott wh~ cros.ing from on. ming I.",! 1<> lnotlle,. The bod Iuds when .ro"in8 f..,m. lowe, ".inll ",. high" nr1n8. and 'he elbow fQUows.1be olOOw le.d. when cr<>Ssiflj! frvrn I high ...,nng 10 I lou". ming, ond the hllnd foIlOWS.,,,i, ;. h. nlly visible during norm.l plo),o.l, and ,I>. ne"';« ~'''Ii.,..t .. i, by Ip1inin~ the whol.,.arm m",.. mcn, iI\!" two, ""ponl.

m"".mcntl. First. stop betwHn each movement Ploy the nole on the uPI'« . ,ring _ INP _ "'''''' lh. elbow m 'he lower llring 1.",1 - lIup _ m ...... tho hind

and fo",orm to the 1""..... SIring 1.,.. 1- "<>p, "(.

Thi n m,k. illl the movemenu (Onlinuous 1\:""". pby withou< "upping, "" ,hat on. mO'.. menl n"",....sily imo the next. But "ill eXagg<"""< the 'iminll of ,h. ",,,,,emenU by ok.fly mo,"ing firs, one pact ,,{the I rm and then 'he other.

Play in lime", • • low IOmpo

c.I "

(0), counting in 1111'«:

On roun. I _ I'lay.1>< B ""h the whole ' ,m on the 1I1,,;n8 1"",,1. On eoun. 2 - Mow !he elbow.o .he G "ring level, keeping .he bow on !he A strina.

On COUnt ) - Mwe ,h. bow ,0 'he G lIT;na. Sar l

On eoun. I _ Play .he G w;,h ,he "'hole arm on !he G ••ring l<:vcl. On eoun. 2 - ,\\ ~ 'he bow '" ,he II string 1"",,1, rupina the elbow on ,he G .,ring k:
On eoun.) - M",·. ,he elbow '0 !he A..ring Ic\-el,

.....,.,.

susulned bows

Known II ·son &1';·, ,hi, ;. one of !he mos. imPQr,an. pne.jcc

me.hods for boJ,.. ron,,,,1 and ,One produc.;.....

Ellerd"" 1 • U.ing whole boI<... On each "ring, .u".in singlc no, •• fot OS long •• p"'Iibl•. Pia)' ne.. r .he bridge, .lwaY" .iming (lr. pun: ..,,,nd e"en if . "im", ,hi' _m, iml"'"',ibl •. • S.. !h. m.tronome .t bO (i. e., one be .. per ...,ond). Begin ",i!h down- and up-bow, I."inll 30 KCOndl, lad gradually inc ...", day by d.:oy up ,0 60 ","""d. or m=.

Try .0 l u,.ain !h• ..,und, d ..."";ng the bow e<-enly. The bcncr.,. of !h i. "",k .r<: e,unordinary, «"" if !he sound ",ratches or disappears from .ime .0 .ime b<-c.u~ ,he bow . peed i, so c ..,,,,.i'-ely oIow. Enrcloe 1

18

•

R<:pt.. '''', ,hc mor" con.rol il n«d.d 10 hecin !he P'Ule no" cleanly.

•

l'lay ..... igh. from the lixteen.h_nOlts Into ,he p'use, bcginnins i, l' wi,hout any h" ,'a1iQn or un"""nn ... in ,he stroke. Iioid the pau", 10, 20, 30 ...cond, Or mon:, ,u.. ain;ng evenly.

Righ. Arm and Hand

1'10)'''''
"'""" , PIIyIna

k"", ,ulcain«! .croltn utlft8 ddf~r~n' k..,u., of buw, difftffn, Imna """'• ...., I nd in dtll'e.... , P'*',ion', ther. IlK an i..f",ice n"",ber of pos.ibili,in of ... J«m.:,M.> and "",,,m@. However, l1li<'< IUVlri .. ion. cume from cn" foliowillK b,.. ic pin."" , p..e6c. or'h.~ ,loll" i, .ufficlcnc co e_ tho .... nciol •.

".'140,

•

• Play I. oJowly and at .,.... ly U po!oIib~, >I.bou,)." 40-(,0 (\he sIoowtt th. 1><:".. ). • Slay doK '" \he bridlC,
soi"l to tho r..... rboord when pi.,..... "

p --= f :=-- P -= f ~ P

f ==-- p ---=f ==-- p--= f

/ - - - p- - -

........ , PIO)' who!< ........ on on. no,o with

~ m~l"'l\Omo

"' 60 , KNp,...", ",,'Iwo-' """,.", IA",,,,Iwo-, ,II< ...:n<....

1 Bowinl nU' 10 cn" brKlII<', ploy II) beatl On the d",,'n·how ond lOon the up. Keep 1M Ipcc:d, ,,"'IiU'. liIIoul ""W'''I, ploy 12 bon on the 110. down·.nd up-bow, lind thm 14, 16, 18.nd 20, /'by dow. 10 dw brida. II the numbc-r m.,11el.

J Grad\lllly CCt r..... "PIIl by ..... 00 ... the numbet 10 18. 16, ..." dooo." 10 10, 8, 0, 4,),2.nd I _ 10 0 bt ... PLay further from 1M ~ at tho .. "",bet d.a..oM'J, bul OIay at c\otc: at """;bIo. d,,,~ rro... the b.idl< thot prod"" .. ,he ~e>I ..... nd and r..-Ion, in the bow, It Ihould fool •• l""UP, ,,,,,, )'Ou 10 play a h.ir', b«o! thi, p:>in, like I lun.. ridi"ll ,,&,In.. I .... n of WI ....

At Hdt bow . peed, r..,ltho ... oct

•

CD

Mo •• the bow in the a ir ju" ab",,, the ",.;~, "",,,r actually 'o""hinll': il .

•

Holdin@,hI;:bowhalf a ~'n tlmc\rc aoo.c the $Irina, '"""" as Ilowly"S poniblc {wm l~ hed 10 'hr I\
•

Relax aU the mu",k. in th~ btIvoi"ll arm, and the n>Ui
• Chana' the bt.>w hand r",m h<:
Vi", ....,nly .~ ,he milli.

• B",.the nunnally.

0<.> .he • •• ,,11.(: on uch Ilti"g. h fttls considerably differn" nn •• ch 1",,,1.

Bowing paraUel t o

About the angle of the violin t o th e body

t he bridge

Long anruo: Point"'" scroU rr-.. to "'" I
Shor t arm., 1'<>;", the scroll more in from. I'lac•• he "jolin higher on [he shoulder (i.e., ,he chin dOler [0, or ID<.<", me '"ilpie.o). The mOf< thc: ",,,,11 points.o .he left (andlor, the I""~r [he 'iolin on the shoulder), ,he e .. ~r;' is for the arm h~, h) [:,,""tId ,0 MeP 1M bow ,tn.iell' .t the point, ' r,ngers TO ",ach lh • •,rings; but 'M fu rther the

nan'

11><: more th< """,II poin" '" the front (and/or, the higher tho violin on the shoulder), th<: .asier i, is '" keep ,h. bow .... igh' at tho I"';n" but 'ht more ,heloit furc. en, h •• '0 .wi., for ,he fill~1"I 10 reach the .ttinp . At the po;"" the b(w,.·ing orm .lIould

~

noi,her m"igl!t It the elbo,.. nor I"", bent. By

~iu .. ing th~

dirc'C.ion of tho •• ron .nd the hti.aJtt of ,he violin on the shoulMr, evt:ry play.r Can r",d I oomfo"oble

plo);na po$i'~ln. Some teochers recommend 'hit players ,..i,h I·ery .hort .rm. avuid 'he of the bow, . ndlor hold the bow . Iiglllly higher up ,hel1ick.

_ -_ ._._10 _1>0_ ._ .. . . __,. . ...-----..... -''''-''" .............. ........ ........... .....

.... ....

....

_ 6 1'004 ......... ....

""" ....

~"""l

.. ...., ..... "" ....

..... _

,

,,,,. ..... 101' tht .~

_..... ......._.-. _, ,~

"--..." " - ...

'-"'"

~ ... '" tho

.,. ... ""1101 .... ....

-,............... .... ,-, ......... ..... ...... .,.. """" ......... . . """ . """"11..... "'" ..... _ ... '""' .....'-"'l .... ".......... "'"........"'"'" .......... ... ..... . "" ..,..."

~

.."

--"-""-

Moving the hand along the bow In 'hit uen:iJ« ,h ..... nd mOl..... olon& 'bo buw while It rel1l on 'he ."i n8 withou, m<wing. !:leeausc the bow ;, p... llel with the bridg<' 'he orm ha, no choice but to moke .,.oClly m"'~~tl. Thi, ,., one of the be .. exe1'Ci
,h. CO"..,

Tb" u< bo... '0 hold I"~ ,,, Ie","" as much room a$ pos$ll;>l. for ,~.e pta)",'. hondo p.,."ion ,~,~ viQlin $
•

•

Keep ,h. ~,.nd in bow, hold ,h."" where .... , i, i. on tho bow, letting i, chonic nOlur.Uf (rom i" "'.~ when playing at ,h. heel, to it. ' hope wh.n playing 01 the point. '

•

!kiin wit~ I !tat boIo.' .rm, i.e " k«p ,h. elbow oppro>;im ... ly l",~l ... ith ,ho flic k in an par" (>f 'h~ """".'l1>on add any o,h., mo>"<",.,\", if (for t~ample) you nQrm.lIy "'iSt the
_ I ........

..".......,

_,,,--._,

,~

r.oIII. "" ..~ _,

_""

• Th, assi,tant should hold 'ht bow on .ach ' ITing, and a, diff.ren, distanc.. from 'he bridie,II""),, kc>;plng th~ bow paraUtl to the bridll•.

U

...._'"..."" "" '<>9

01

I." tWO inc:h..

Fig. 24 , how< the diff.",n, mo,.. m"n" of the arm in ..eh p.rt oftl>< bo....

8...... ,ng \»,.l lf l 10 tilt bo'idgoc

.." ..." 1M oqUire .nII

m.

pOint !nIIinIy tore ...... with

_ '-ank ldo-.-bow) - ' .........ank (..,..-) ...o ••" .. nl

-

toou. .... IN bHl platt to play "'-'. I..,

!'oint"",........, ....... Upp«"''''' .neS _

Squo..: on",

~

tl"Mnth' ''''1H I................)

.....

......,

""'"' ....... tor. ..m - ' " ' fotwa"" ond boO ...."" _ . I""n" 0' 1M Uppef .....

01Il10 _ _

DIvIdIng th. bow into four pam

or

1M idn It '" ploy qu""~ ... knAth !1t<>kc . in "~h pori Ih~ bow, I nd Ih~n half bows, ,h""'"'Iua"cr bows and ",hok oo..~, ttc1>i"i the bow p. ro lld with tho brKlIlO throullhou"

I'br in ' ron, ofl mim'lf, hold~ ,he "mumen, panlle) ' 0 1M mirror. I Ploy rour omooch """kn '" • DOle, u
1IWC~1, ond play ~ ....... '" I I )'UU 11K II\OR

in brokrn ,hlfd ..

I FL" ploy med,um ••pttd ..row, 10"".;", from A '" II, from 11 '0 C. from C to D, and from

._-

I Thtn pl~y slightly 1101'.... . ~"·ok¢l, !)rIwing fro m A 10 C , fr
I).

I nd from Ii 10 Ii.

lkIin

bow.

I) ,,,

It

G

Dividing the bow into two parb

"I""""

Fin' 1"2<";" Ih. "rok. from the htrI ro ,'" .nd ,h ..", fn>m 'he "1""'1'1' '" ,lot poi,,,, The oim of ,I'-.e .x.~i.. " '0 \.lie the arm, hand and fina." In I ~ch a wa~ .h., ,he buw ~.o)" 1'.",10, ,n me brid~ h"..~.. r fu, ueh mol<•. Repeal .ach bar ..... ",11 ,im"" ployinl! in lbe foIk>winB 'hru lrel, of !he buw: I

-_ _10"' _ __ ""--_ -_."_"-'_...,",. -,-

.... ""- ....... ... -~

From lb. heel '0 ,h. sql.lare.

2 From 'h.squ . .... o 'he point. ]

Whulc 00"', f",m lbe heel '0 lbe po;n,.

"..,..

"'............ "...... " '" ... """_""" ..."""........, ... ... .....,""" -.~ .........- .......... ....... "'" do"...., ""'" ...

..... ...... .. . .

II

....

_. . _.w _ ... _ .. ..., ,--..... . . . . . . tho._ . .

... - ,,,,,,,,,,, ...

• !lit ~ (>10<0 _

..... _ •.....,""W. .- .

"'"

~

"",",

..... w...... .,"'" .......... .....,.,""..-, "'"''''''''.'' """' ............ ~ '"",

-_-'-, _ ... - --. ._ ,."'_-. -_. ___ .. ....... «0

~

......... ............ .

''''_

. .,....... ~"

. . .. ... ., ... ......... ......... _"""... _

~"''-odI\'

tho _

"".,~_

... ........ ' '~"' ......

•

1'1:o~ Clch ,,1Oke., fa" 0, pouible.1O lblt)'Ou connot Cl)l'tttt me angle ofth. buw durina til., l l1Qkc . Thi, is one of ,he f..... "",," ,iono wh.n ,one quoli,y i. not impo't.ant - ju" mow the buw along .... .,ring oi l phyl;"'.1 .
• BcfoTe pll yini e.oh "rok<:, check in ,he mirror 10 ... tha, lbe bow i. exl""Y p",.,tlel with lb. bridgo: . During tIM: 11m"", tho: how N>ould move 05 "roigh, o. In Or"",,,'. K<.p the .'bow approxhn.,ely kYtl with the how. • A, the end of
'Inn! Itra'ihl
Bowing at an angle

*

, 1\() ~~( (~1
To drow 0 'U1Iight bow, the buw must be """"")' parotid '0 me br~. \1:'1> .... the bow;' not porallel it , ';dot. KfOI. 'he minSS "' it moves down or up. T he ,'CltO' 'he onate '" the bridi" the f.". r i, " id .... ' r ig. 2'0 . how> the bovo' .ng l~ in ' During lbe d"..'n·tow, .... bow m",,'., to" ,.rd, the fingerboard. Du rinll the ..... bow. it rnovel toward. m. bridlo. I~g. 25b N>""" ,he bow anakd Out . Ourina the duwn . bow, the 00.. mO\'e. 'O .... rdl the bridie . Durina the up-buw, i, n"""" toward, the r"'actbo.rd . You con ,ngl.me bow delib."ueiy to m",.. furmcr from, or oloscr to, 'he bridie. tn (I), angling the_' in mok• • the hair autom aticaUy move '"..'ard, the finicrb.: a,d, In (b), anglinslbe how OUt mlk •• the hli: au,oma,ito")' m",.. ,,,.... rd. ,h. bridge.'

'

.... .-..- ....

1"'9" " ' _. "'"

_ " "'II'« .~ . ... ""9. """",'

• O!.... "'".--IO ' '''''' '' "" ...

1·41 · .."' ......

-_ -

"'.......... ,.

( --'; " ' -

..... _......, ...

_ _ . . . . . . . 40

"'

72

Right Arm and Hand

_ ·...n '

........

In P, or. jO

Tho bow "'SIt.d ...,.

P'nctosIna onsIed bowin& ~ ,..... ability '0 mak 1M.ln.......... adj"",... nu ... hil< p~, i ,..oo •• b
l'Iac,llI. bow on .ht milllll' tho h«l, M~' ,h. brid~. AnJle ,he bow in. J)(o n,,' .nJl. llIe bo ... '00 m..ch "" i, will .Iide .< ".inll' '00 quickly. Z Play. ,,'Il00: bow " , 11K point, mNium tp:ed. AI dK bow movn;' ... ill drif, dost' Ind tlos<:r.o th< ~rd. Do _ I'Y 10 ....Itt tltit ""ppm - Iflth< bow drift .".omllicUly b
.wI-I '" "'" finat"rboud. J H..."" om,~ at the poon. Ie_

.he

anPc 11K ...... - i.e., the hed

is rurlhu b.<:k thon .... point.

• Play ...+>ole bow bad ' Il tho heel. 1..." th< bow drift .....1)' f,om!h. finl"fboard back ." ,lit IUrtU>a plac<. Incr.... 1lI< p"""urt duno •• he mol<e.

tow'lI9lH1 out

Ptace.,," bow "" .he

Itri..,., .h. heel, "".r the fi"",rboIrd. An£l. ,h. bow oul .

Z 1'\ay . ..-hoIe bow '0 the PKr '" .1It brid~. lltplwilll hordly Iny pmolltt. and inernoc .... pmoUtt .. tilt bow drifts 10 1M bridtc. J n ......, orri,-..d,,!hI: point lei'" 1M Indo the ...... - i.t ., !hI: h«1 is fur\heI • """ I "hoi< bow t..d ' 0 1hc: '-I. Lt. 1hc: bow drift .....,. from !hi: o.c.. _ the "","' ''''' du,,", lho: ..rob:.

ror....rd \han !hoc point.

brid&t block '" 1hc lI.fI,,,.

pl_.

,,-hoi. bow •• ..-pe,t both l"iles in \h. middle of Ii>< bow, and in 'he lowo. and upper hllVf$. AIWlI)" pl3yina ..·;th a pure tone, iOCfClliC or dtarn. Ihe InAle In drift ICI'M' ,he II different Sj>«d •.

0.",. MIf bo», inllud

co(

,Irin"

~,

Arm lnd Hand

FoISt whole bows in the

~ir

In I " ..11""'"""'1o;>td bow ann .he ...~. ......., ("dl 1_ on< linJk ac.ion. "'" a $nin of >malin" ....,... mm •• ;O'""" .~. In .1111 ~ 0.. bow it mow
UK I m tm)r 10 d>«" th .. tho bow ............ p1ra1l<11<) tho •

l'1.y

I

brld~.

.-.rr "".11 .. roe •• thr ""'I. Stop on "'" Itnn; .nd " ...it.

2 Make I lu
1

Play I

I

M ike •• udd"n. fa\l

n,In tho lir .0 the other end of tho bow, .nd pia« the bow on the ..rillll.

at the poin, .nd I..,,, .h" bow Od Ihe ",i",. Wli, .

movtm~n.

In .b. air ,0 'M h<el, . nd pl.« Ih. bow on the . , nn. IX .. " .

M O\1: Ih" bow .!uougb Ihe air .. fa.. 01 pOIlibk, " ' $rniJh ••• III arrow, k>linll iu p .... llcllinc wi.h "'" brill • •.

wilho,,,. wobblin, in the ai, or

Purina tlw: "",,-.:mon' .ho:: hand mu" d>..,~ frum 1>«1 pooition (rona"" oJi&blly """" ..... 'iaol, (ourlh r...,
and 9b, J'IIC 6.

5 Tho" play ",thou, .. ""pi", 1><-,,,,,,,,,, tho .. r<>kc .nd tho men.. nu..",.

It""'"

I. ,he httl , and in the: lime: ....,......Ant m~.bo¥t- II1e IU,,,,.' 1"'"' spttd ,n Ihe poin •• I'::~. P\.ay and _ lO.he ,,",I. !'a...., and '" Dft .

I'llY tho ihon

hst.. short strokes moving up the bow A simple , ..... of ,,"bc:1hcr ,he booo' llrok¢ IS ", ... igb, .". not if ' 0 play fa.' Ihittr-. "'''' .'''''... ( .....,;..,miqlla'"i"n) ,,; ,11 MfIOUaI Obowl. The ""undpoinl • .....,.,. 0<1 , .. h wnu bow 11 "'" paralicl ,n the: bridF, b«auoc you eannot COtffi:t the: bow dunna l......u. Wa«h tho poIn. of,he bow 10 .... ,M! itt m<M:.... nl iI"nia!>' "" and """'." rIO oidc>o...,. """""mon ...

If.""

",.h

U.I", ~ry "nJ" bow, pilY (II' ,h'rty-second ·no'''' on OM 1IQ10

.t,lI~ hool, J.

66.

• Withou, "<>PPinl, if1Id ually mO\1: ,h~ b<1W up '0 the point.lnd dOl'''' "iIin ,0 ,h. httl.

• n" ,t.. •• ...., w;tll "nw", lbout 1'1rinaIl>cIfftIIO htcI_.

'100 '""'

-" * ",

S.vln level$ of the bow

emma

I ...'d 4

1)..'" double "Of>

A_I> d""bl. IIOp

l.eYtll G- D double .cop

Len l 5

A "rina

B luin.

Loull

Leftl} D Ilrinc

•

"",",he I - Single Itri"9'

.....

!'lor" ~ '"inc II>< l\ine b<M......riarions. Play . , oIow, medium Ind rill SJIft
Ill ... bowl"9 variat lonl ,Swl .." h nrialion bciinninll up_tow . , "",II II d",",'n-bow.

--_--_ ..._ ___....._.1_-. "'--'" .... ..... .....0. ....... ... ... ........... -, ......... ... _

.~

_ _ ... 6

......

'''''' Ikpn tach "rok. with. r.rm bu• . M_n,li,

L.,.~

Ih. bow on Ih. 'Irin'lh""""~uI. NOlioc~ Ihe diIJ.",n, ~tl oltbc bow hlir thll cllch Ihc diffcn:m lirini'.' , qu." ...1<1If'h .trokn Ie Ihe hed, middle ond poinc . I IWf.I'nalh .uoItn in II>< .....'•• hll(, mlddle,.nd Ul'P
_,---.. ......

....... .... """'" ........ .,.1_ .. ..... ... ... . ..... """_ ,~

D./'''chJ: Pla)' •• Iow, Imon,h dbu<:M, one "rok<: '" anolher ..,Iidly_

f,

lu".ini", ,h. round full~, Con ..... ' Ih" "'nkn w"lI, j{!inina

Qua""r. l"ngth IImk"" OIlh" h«l, n,iddle and poin, .

t

1 )blf.length "",kc!o in the Io\.'er h.lf, middle, Ind upper h.lf. Sple.,. ,o: U$< th.ee ditreron, Ipic<:11O llrok<:l: ,

JUOi ~I<>w the mid dk: f.", light, .hnn, low "rok...

1

AI th" poin,."f. b. I."".: medium .. rol< ...

)

NUl thc h«l : lIow , bUvy, long, high .trokn.

Excrdle 1· AII I. v." Thi' cunlin""u, IIOOy indud" "'''ry .r""i", from In~ Itvd '0 any o,h" •. 1'1.),
f."

Practice method: balancing double nops The perf0(, bll..« of the bow pllrina

twO llrinll' It onco (i.e., the bnl .... ighl dillribulion), il .. rely .,.. n. Norm.ily one: 'Irina ""iU n«d Ilighdy mnro " .. ighl thin <.Iitre",n, Ilrl", knglht.)

(.,:t.,..

A D5Cfu1

~t~ m
to balance th< bow pn1tttJy on .""h ..nn; ;. to tremOlo !h. bow ocroos !h••1Iinp:

Find how '0 pl.1,y the u-emolo ''<1)' fa" and pe-rfcclly ..... "Iy, .ach n",e oounding dearly. Aft."",,«h ,h. doubl" lIO!, will r.. 1 more ."""Iy hol.need, I'raaioo doublM,"P o.cales by pllying .""h in,crval with • tremolo bef.,... pl.ying it ... normal doubl .. StOp.

Ri~h'

Arm ""d lI.n"

Pivoting **'~

-.

11'-5 ... _

..........

"_1Iior"II

rr-o..". the ..............nl .round Iii< m illJ thOlI.mllie bow from <>n. Ilnnll 10 lnothc:r........ of the

...

moll ,"'penln, ck",enll of bowin:, Til e: bow n,,,,," .",und lb. mini ... bil. """,in, .Ion, •• on up- or In Ihc .,..m,*,. _ ",unl plVQl 1<) the nCll' Iow
..... n. pIYOIlu liM: nUl h'aIIHI .tr;nl.

·AJI.omt:"h· &om Panio. in D ...-, B'II'V 1004 /. S, Bod>

-

-

f'\oQcq io on oumpIc oIl«1InkaI timin.a lNl io •• rI .... lhon !hi: m.. licltl;m;"': Tbc ",_in, rn<Wm>m1 ba!. till be IJmod ... IN' !he finl ".,.. on the _ >IId.n lho piYol ;. by ml'ld~ willi II:. mitro<.

'0'

,io!m "

nlhl InPes

Uo..doe I

I'br orhoIo bowt, pivoIi", ICYC"nllimes dun", nch stroke withoullouminl an ..JjKtnl suinl. I PIvoI ..'hik IlIe bow io """""I a1aoq lbo suint. I'ivoI IW<>, fou r.nd ei&II' limes '" •• ell " ...., makina: • ~ liU nor",,1 l"Ioyina on OM .m... wi!hooul ~. "The ..."'PI< bduw ohowo f 1b'iD3.

On ill< G ... In,ll, pl_ 10 die loll unlil ,h. h'it almQS. louch", Ih. rim <)flllc ,ielln; pi""lo the nlhl ""Lilllm.,., I"".hina Ihe D I","" On ill< E I!rID. , pi"'" ' 0 Ih. ~, unlillh. hair IlR'lln' .ouc"" die rim of the violin; piVOl .0 the loti IIII:tiI almool 10udIina Iht A ........ On dot D I nd A . !rID,., pi_ t.~ Iht ..Jjocen........... for *S pouibk wilhout touchin, Ihcm. I In dtoi! ..!!IIfT luJf, mlWUll Iht !wid &0111 Ike ,",,"I r..d~

the

&mOUlt.

of.nII

~I ~ .

_ ..........---"-' _... _--,.._ ... _" •_

'0'" "ri",

.. -.g . .....

---_.. - --_ _ "'10090 ~

"'....... .

"' . . .......

\IM;l bolott......, """ .. _ , .... _ _ _ r;II

~!ot

.......

_ _ 'ti4

Righi Ann Ind Hind

p,.oling and ""ng "011'''9

lli:erd.., 1 This p ..... ge sIoould ""und a. thmlgh one pl>.y<1" i••",.aining smoo.h and even whole-net<s (I"mih",.'es), ,,'IllI•• n",h •• i. pl.~inll Iho ••, sm<>l).h oillh.h -no.", (qu ....... ) on elch bol .. UK h.lfbo.... in the Iov.-n hllf, middle, Ind uppo;:, half. 1

Usc " 'hule 00ws.

Exerdoc: l When lep.o . " ing c.on ings.r< not smooth enuua;h, i. is u! gall}' b«.usc the 'Iring .",",ing i••"" I..e. The bow . hould p;vo. acros, .o the neW . "ing ,,-hilt pla}'ing the no •• befOTe the ."ing c.,,$Oing, nUl oju. play;nlj: il. Thi. exe",isc us<, double .tops '" fo""e the .'ring """,;ng '" be too carl\". The double "Op i, g... dually ShO
PI.y half_lcnglh "m~ in the 10" '" half, middk, and upI'''' half.

• AlthoUjh pivoting "' ... and II Ie., «;mlinue '" make the movement ""'nded I nd ilmooth by piVlnin, u"'ik pla};ng the f, .... note, , .. dually bringinj: the hair nU "," and ne .....e 'he now .. rinll, • • p u. lly '""'" over 10 new "rut,: kv<1

,

"

•

Repel ' un the D _A and A- E . trings.

"'voling i nd m'ng

Eu ... l ..

~

• In ( I) lIld (2), koep the " ·hol .... not~ ( .. mibr~ ... ) IU$t.in
• In () ond (4), ploy 'he ,,·hal._nol. f !he pivm 10 be llow Ind m~alur< d.

. lIt,in 'he half_not. (min,m) p and mote • <.,..<~J<,. Thi~ f~

• In (' ) ond (6), pl ay tho wholc· D"'" l' ond the h.lf_n"," f di"u'" the whol .... nol •.

. 0... no,

Ie, ,II<:

~ivo"

or the f half_nol<,

• Contin .... the ... mpl .. up the tnle.

J

RiSh' A<m ond Hond

'''''''''\1

G

Pi..,tlng.OO '!fi"9

""""''I E""...,I ... S SU"ain the "'hol o- not .. (.emib,e",.) "",nly. K«p the bow close .Mugh pi ..".ini m"''1:'''''''t does no. h."" to b< !
!U

the twu .. rinS' '" that tho

I U... h.lfb<:>w! in the 1(»0.'1:' hi lt, middle, and uppe' half. lU, .....-ho l. bows_

, Ii

l'.xe n;l ... 6

K<'q> th. bow d <:q> in the ",inll, with the hair close 10 both ",intrl. Mak<: each bo, wynd the sam. al if playing with I normal {,naetina, eilher "" """ string (I, ICTUS. the minll'. 1 UK halfhow>; in th. 10"''1:' half, middk, and upper half.

Z UK whok bows. H <>Id f,ng.:rs d"",o <>0 [be .tTing f'" al long os possible.

RiJht Arm and Hand

3

t

I

0

Curves on one string TIlt .. ;. no bow "",Ito on th~ .;olin tha I ~ in ." exoov.' "rokc i1; 'he sam • •• a pi_ing movemen, . Th ..e utreiln malto the cu,,"C1 much I.!"i.... d..n normal. -~,

• S", .. in the ,k<j no'" ,,",Iidly, '" thl t ,hey ...,und like""" continuous nOte. • During the tied not .., pi.."<Jt ,,,,,,,,:-I. double .."", 110 tha,.o play it (on the "'"•. bow) )'Ju only ha,.. to

pivOI l trlction further. • Bqin with quarter-len"" bows ncar the heel; in the middle or 'he bow; and ., the poin,. Then uO<

hoIf·lon"" bovo~ in the lower half, middle, and upper half.

Rict" Arm .nd Hand

_

E.x~ ..d'"

2

Fi ... , ploy thc nOte. oqually, NUI;':o tho si.. of the buw m",.. ment from the r. ... , I"ir of .. rings '" . h: pair.

u~ond

l

Rep..,ing ,he bo, "on'in"o~.ly, ,-ery gndu.lly reduce the dis"n"e of th~ .,.,... mo"omem from Ih' fin. doubt<; 11"1' I" ,he I«ond, SO that )"Ou nlay 'he o,,,c, ",inp mort and more quietly.

1 Continue W red...:. ,h. nlo'"mo", until the bu«,' only haKly touch., the "ute"T ",ings, and then docs nO! ."uch lhem at 011. The x_nol .. in lh. ba, of lhe example indica,. lh. bow m<WinSloward, lb,

I."

oute, min", witho"t LOltChi", them.

• aegin with qu.."er_l."gth bQ\o." nc.r the heel; in th. middle ofm. bow; and., 'he poin" Then half-~ngth bows in the lowe, half, middle, and upJ>Cr ~,,'f, •

US<

Repel! on 'he G- I)...A Ittinll".

• Abo play un me G .. ring, ".ina the rim "f 'he viQlin u on ex,ra '.,rinl'. Play. 'double it"P' maok up of 'he ' im and 'he G .,,;nc, and play no'molly (IOl the G and D minp for the o,her . ide
Accented :string croning Ploy through the double-SlOP ""quen"e u,ing tho mina cros.ing VlIri.,i"n' th., fullow. • r~ue'll$ l -~; l'l,y h~lf~ in thc l......·cr half, middle, Ind upper half, l "h.;n pla.y whole bolO"~, • ""Items 1-6: Play", 'he heel, middle and !>Oint with ><pa ... 'e bowo. AI", . IUT in p. i.... • 8egin ..elL pottern up-bow &. _11 u do.... n_bow.

Riw., ""'m .nd Bond

Sale string crossing ..... dI'tcm... wry 10 malic ..,.,." troMin&t """""" aDd fOUIImC ( han,in& from OM Ilrinll U lnollwr I(>() 1101.; ployinl the troIOi", II I """bit ' lop ",medies Ihio by doin, 1M opp<>
r"""

A""th. r tlfotl''''' pronk •• « hn;lI11C ;. 10 k .... ""I !h. 10(1 hind, .rId I.. " play Ih. b!.>w;nl p" uOTn on 0J"I<1I ",;np. F...... mpl. 2 ,I>ows f.lclmpl. I pl.)'¢
prod""".

E.. ,~ .al. or ,un ito 0"'" polt","" "'hen ",du<ed 10 open IInnp. The "udy Mlow ( "'.... ~ry !>".. 'billly, including III'''' I «1; in lhe middle of the bow;.rId "' th. pOint . ~n U,,", hol'-IOfIith b"'" hllf.

In _b cae

r.... ploy the ,,·hoI...ud.y bqinni,.. 00..1I-bow, Ind thrn bq:in.">inl up-bow.

o Temp<>: ......., medium and rHI.

Ktcp 1M bow deep in the .. fin" . U.II ...in, .1ICh .trokc 6,m11 Ind ;oUlinl il to the n." "';tbout break. Play I II the rit
lUly

CD

Pivo,"ng and u,jng """ing

•

RiM! Arm .nd H.nd

Genera l contact txerclS8

About the tilt a nd the angl. of the violin to the floor

"ll>t n.n •• th~ viQlin 0. "tid , ,he ""'" """,,{or.. ble ;, it I" play on .... E WU\II. nw.. it a rcfl"" <>l "'" bow ""un, on tho E ......, IOhoch ... ppom iL The m
....

' Im

~"he

nan". ,h~ OOlln .. held, .... ~ W>COmfonal>k il ;" '" play on .... G .. nne. Th< righ, I" be held unno'"rlJly hlah, and the lef, uppe. arm.,..,. h ...., '" I:>t pulled in 10)0 far ' 0 !he riahl for .... f""rlh tina« ,o......,h .... G 'lfinl ~.,ily ~n"ugh. Thil ;" a common ~ UK of ,.n';';'n.

_

a. m hal

thc ... forc, the bes, _;bl. 'ill of Ih~ violin i. one who ... ,h. E Il r;nllll;'''' ."lliei./1' ,uPP<>" '0 ,I>< bow, ",'hU... the ~m. 'Une ,h. riih' a.", and ("u"h fin",. ~an ... ily .... oh ,lit G " rin,. In oo"ain pa,ulln k " p<MIbIe '" ult .... \'ioIin kst wt>en playin. on tho Il .. rilll. and """" wlltn ployi", 1)11 \110 0 win,. 'I'bm !he body <>l .... oolin iI 1>0101 parallel'" .... 6000, .... . - . of 1M violin sI • cood .,.,"', of COII,tCI not ..,., f . from ,he bridIC , ThO. """nl th., ,he KrOll hal; ,,, be ~ ronoidcnbl)·. Many vi"hnil.. (and partiouiarly ...,lillI, b«o_ of .... OOla" pm Ifflath and btavirH.-t&) play with tho IChlIl of tho inm""",n, "'" low, w'hioh "",an. ,h., the bow hi, '" . 11 on a >harp doom ...... "ope,

Bow t ensions "'mllOI' r.Clor In usilli .be bow iI .1Ie ,prilllinru oOIle Vo'OOI! .00 hair. A vioIinit.. doe 00110 mUCh pia)' ""b the bow ".df... wi,h !.hit. Iorot 'N .... bow.n.e fttlin& of plO)'Ull: in ............. h>.lf'" d,rr"'ffl' from P'ol"'" in tho upper h>.tf, bca._ .... amown of ',;w' in .... hi .. and .... wood "",,,,,,,. A' .... b_ I,'hc h>. .. ~ and ,he ........... nit"" bow;" tip;! .

A,.he poin . ........'1><1<1 I"" and .ll~ Mi. i< riPd. In ,he ", Iddle . bo,h Ih~ hai. and Ih . wood';...., equally.

See 1';". I. and lb. page I , ..... hkb . how the h.j< bo.'11ding .... hen ,Ile boW;1 p...soed down ."h. h •• l. and ,.... "'<>IX! Mndinll (in

Ih~ mi.ddl~

"f, h. bow) WMn

th~

bow " prn..,d d""... AI 1h. pl)in,.

n.. p....1< from the Brahms Vi<JIin Co""".,,, """"." below ;,. ploy~d "";,h a brood dt",,/tJ in th~ upper half.

bu,,"" ~ roots the ."'" of ,.... wood in the middle of ,.... bow. It it. diffi:ul, '" play I""h "rokoo .... of tho: hair with ....

iIoot lor r....~'"

COOII><'I

Itrull.

Vialitt eonc. .... in

I). "".

,-

71, _

.I

•

or

The opposite it ,rue thi, pa!l~~ from Zit", ,h. foI;r ""'... 11 i. diffIcult ,0 play the 1'.... /1< by r«lina any.hing in 'he wood of the hew.

,

ReO! th" bow or. the . tring .. the h •• l, n •• r 10 Ih. ft'" fin"",. 1,",11 the h." ,n to ,h. 'In"g hOI\';I)', ,,',!hou, m.:wmg ,long ,h. .: bow ",m.;nl dg;.! while
ttl""

Z Do 1M .. me n •• r ,I>.: point, p~,ing the h.i, d""n in." the ,,,inti. h~.,ily.

The hair ~ now completely rigid, while the wood ai,... ",ily in ,h. middle ,,(,he bow. No Imount of P""'''I'< will 'bend' the hair wheR illOUebo! \he ."ing. )

Pres. down in the middle of Ibe bo><', ",he", buth ,,'Wd . nd b.ir IIi\"<' eq~.lIy.

4

Still ",ithout plO}ing, p",n down m.ny tim ...,. e<:nlimetre (>r 10 opaT!, up and down th. ",hot. bow. No,ice.tt the dJT."'", amoun .. of lI.i,·, in th. hair and wood.

S PlayinB/ on on. "o'e, ploy . huT! d",,'n- Ind up-bu"" II L'l<: h,-~I , in th. middl, . nd "' 'M poi",. N",ice 'M diff."'n' f~1 or ,he ,,"00<1 . nd hair.t e.ch pia<"<: '" the bo><'. 6

.,

I~.y ",hoi. bo><~ on each mini, pll)'inB hu.ily inlO the Itk k .nd tM hair. I'u l tM um. eh. nli", propot,;"n, of i;..·. in the diff..... nt arcOS of the bo><'.

String tensions The

fr~,ion

uf the bow pull. and pu, he, the min, from

,id. 10 lide. A m"",ifi, d , Ilow_m(>{ion film
• how stroke """ull sh"", th.. dufins th. down·bow the h.ir 'cl lch.,' the .trinll. and pulll ,t to the .isht. The fUftM' the bo><' pull, or 'bends' Ih. string, th. more the ten,;on of 'he "tina: incre. ses umil the

ten.ion;s luch th .. Ihe ",ina l uddcnly Inops bact. Th<: h,I, i"$1.ntly " ...!>eo th. otri", ogoin, ond the 'catCh, pull, 'nap-h Ick, .otch' repco" 0" inf,ni,. number of I;m, ... Th' up-how pu,h", Ihe string to the lefl until ,h. ,,,,,,ion is . uch ,h .. the ot ring . n.p. back. [ftl>< bow i. drawn too q"ickly ur li"'lly th.'" i. o "'hi"ling sound 1>«1"'e Ihe hli, ,kid, " , .. , the l uri••• of Ihe ,lf ing wi,h"", " .. ching it.·Jbo much PI",""'" pt"Oduc.. a tom, ..,raped ""und I>«ou," Ihe ' tring c.nn", mO\.. freoly from . ide to , ide underneath th, hair.

Fig . 16

In this excrc;'" the hoi' c.",h.s, pull, .nd ",loa",. the stTing one< . , • lime, whleh producn I 'clic k' ""und. Thil '.Iick' ilthe "",nd at tht ....1)' l>cginninR o f ~tro~ ... l"",h 'l
1 Or;odu.lly ;ne", • .., t"'" tensi"" of the "rins by pullinJI il mort, fr:action by fnclion . ~nlil Ihe ten,ion i, .uch Iho, the "rine suddenly ,n.1" b. ck with. sharp 'click'. l

Do nol ",Ie.", ,I>< bow ,,-hen the SIring snap" back,.., th .. til< bow Cliche. the ",inB .goin, ~,uhini in • con,inu"", . "ch- p"lI-dick.... . lch, puU ....1ic ):- c.tch. pull_c lick ...... ch, pull -dicl:-ntch , cle. Do Ihi. ,II about n
4

Do

th' ,,",me "n the up-bow by pushing the OI,ing 10 the left .

Thc", .hould be no 1<>u nd olhor th an o ne .ingle clicl: at • tim<. l'nctilot .. th. h« l. middle and point . .. dirr''''nt dil,.nc .. from Ihe bridge, "" uch

''''t!i.

Thnc l'mJu.,ion

Resonlln,. It 'InJ short, monarM .-e, ....h •• :h,rd linaer D on the It "rinj, nnp on .f,e. ,he end of the ""'~ , 11>c ...... nolO pI.yed 1onJt1" ohould NIl: die ""'c, ...... II '" .f.n lhe...,.c "0pS, T""" prod ...""" is enhanced ..'ben Il>c pll)'O' ".. tn •• \ rn ... h .0 Ihc In''<1.

<1M"..,

''''''')'1

Hn",h .. I

Thi. i. I ,.."y . irnpl. bu •• lfe..,,,,.. U lri...·. n..n li' ,en (u. ' he .. me rinl in 'M Wynd "n,1< ployonl,he nul, ,,·i th the.,.,..,

Eu",1M 1

Withou, ........ , 0, ploy I.....,. ",,,, • • u<>kc •• the """. (ba. I ) . Uft the bow ,rnmod'Uety (inJlC"ltcd by ' 1 11nd b"tn KI Ihe ..... nd ""''''' on for • r....· _ d •• rr ........rd ... Find Itoow '0 play the norc .., tIIII il has 1M: lungclt, pguibil: fin&. Mi14 )u ... '''''' lhe D b pmmty irI .\UIC ..ith 11K 0fIttl n

1 1'Ioy Ion&
Ion,.. ,oroka

(boo .. 2- 5). Ut,cn

.0

the ri ... d......, the not. . . " .. n as

• •

.f'.... ;. "..

4-~ ).

J Chlllli". bow di •..:.1on (bl .. 6-8), krin ,h. ,lid

of on. flro k• ..,Hdly intn tho bcainoinl of ,h. "eX, "·ilho,,, any ~.k or diOlurbon<:' '0 ,he nn•• , and then tiro nff: lilten '" th. blIckaround . inS duri~, iii /x>Irt; '.~Ntt

.

• 1'1.,

(ontin~ •• roIt .. withou'liftinl the bow (bar 9). Ut,"n ' " lhe Ihftt difkrcnt ..... >'
IJIirc

"r\Y rllla««! G, D, It "'" E. plly Ih< .... msc on ddJrn:n, ooundpoin:s, 00 ncb """",

In

......... "",,"10M.

"".·,.ciN 1 1

in On. b......, lifcina ,h~ bow. linle ofJ,/tt "'''\{ ~' ....«n u~h "roIt •. U I!11 ~.w«n th<: "",,,",.

1'111}' ........ 1""''''''

1 May th, ...... 1i1P". with th<: be .... nrrnly _ ,It< 1m.., all the umo, "oppinl tho bow on th~ ,ennl b
linn.

J Do ...... m. on ...m _ndpotne, ....... RCor th<: bridll" ..·he.., i, h d,frlCUlc eo eoleh ..... erine tK-coUK tho 'Irina io 00 hord, Ind .e th. Ii~Jo.rd ..·h ..... ;e is diffic .. h ,,, erin, bc<:..... ;. ..... ool'c.

(0,<" .....

•

u.:. rdH 4 Thil ex=i", i$ "'ry Jd foc imp""ing li"cning, and gr.ouy inc",. , .. richn ..... of ,on~ . U ,t.n to th< ..nonance of <dead' not ... (i.e.• A~) a, wdll$ 'Ii",,' not .. (i,e .. G, D, A. Il).' Pl.y the r"'$t no •• with emph ••i., lif' ,h. 00..'. and Ii..en ", lh. ring. ~

Ploy ,h. r,I'$' "", n<)lt, Imoo,hly eonRoc.N, u'i,h on cmr h ••i. on ,h. o«<>nd , HoOT 'hc rin& durin& 'h~ fir" no,., and aflOr 'hc .....,und no ••.

1

Play ,he fi ..., thr .. no, .... moo.hl)' oonn""tOO, wi,h an .mph.. i. on 'he third , HUr the ring du,;", 'hc fi .. , and I«ond nOl ., I nd of'o< lho lhir
Firs, ploy wi,hout vih""o. aiming for maximum tnO~IT ,..ith the oow only. Thon u~ ,·ib,.,,,,,, parlicul. ,..ill :noko the "$On.n"" 1..1 lo"l!o,. Play on •• eh Stri~g in low, middl. and high ~i'ions. Thi' i, 01'0' from lhe p,,,1<)i,,,,

Ii."....' ..

eood prae.i"" "..:hniq". for P""'1It'

Bow tilt The ,ilt "f,h. b"w h.. '" be ahe'N frequently. ,\I n", hair it u><:d for lho 1,,'u na
I The •• e'ci~ .llornl ,e, n.t h.;, and liltN hoir (''''0'' til"''' ",w. rds tho fingc a link h.nd movcmem if Ih .. f«l, mor< romforubl •. I l'loy conlinL>Ou, whol,' bo ....,., up and down, on one RO••. 'I'll. tone Yo'ill be riche, ond thkkc-r d"",,thc full hai., but .hould ",main <''en and mong IhrouglwUl . I Fim play the <xc ... i~ on soundpoin. 2•• h.n un 3 and f . T '" ,il,ed ""i, 1' .

not h.i,

. "60

\

1'10)' one .ihed- flO! combination in I OOW (bIn 1- 2).

divi~i"l!

the

oow exactly into halvcs:

o..wn _bow Low.:. half lilt.d, urP<1" half fl ..

............ .,.,-- , ' . ""' ...... t .... ,...

_ ...... -. -'--' --. . . _1--. ........... _-,.........r._ ....,_ .... ... _............ _-........ . ~.--. -

.... ......

01~

............. _

... _

.. .. 1'"

"" '-.

,

lip -bow

UPP<' half tihN , Iou"e, lIalf n., .

Play two in. bow (ban l--4), dividinll into exoc< qua"e"". l'lay III",e, four. l bo , ond d jlh\ tll'OO_flo, eombin .. ion. in one OOW. Th •• xompk ""ov.'I If for 01 four ~ach OOW.

i"

•

ROpCat Ih. <,.rc;" 'h o oth., ,..oy round, Ik,in with fun hli, : Down_bow t.o...... r holf nat, uPP<1" half .ilted Up- bow

UppCr ho lf n.t, low<;r half .ilIN, •• e .

U.., ",riou. notes. in diffe",", poSilions, 0" •• eh , Iring. l'lay doubl.",lIPS aI wel!., lingle not...

True 14tg_to

'"'rut

5omc1irnH you t...... ,...... a ",.tol /"O"t.." in.~ kpto. fo. p~ nr clanty, or for mullCal ..._ •. Hut u rdi.... rity tht f\ro ..... sI>ollkl be enlirely _Ill. Ind !lIo< ""rtkal fin~ .."ionf oIMJuli "'" ofl«t 'M horiu.."a] 00... • tt(Jiu:. f .... dlC I PlIY "'hul~ bo.>wo "" ,he opcn . .. ",£,

""I)' ......,"1)·

and solidI}',

I Suit " Ioy.ltt opm ,Iring. ond ti t.."1l'1}' On~.r Ill. odjaa:n' .. rin, (wrin.n •• x-no',,,). ,\\,,,,,, , lie: On.en ..."b a f... and d.:o.;,.., ,cnon, told w,1lI vibnt, ... Kttp lilt f«1lnI (otId .."",d) ,"lilt ~ utili. bw ond

" "'-.

fin&cr 'OJelha .,..

tho. ~ smna. Tb~ bowl',!! .... "'1<1 ........ in just .. """" and wM

Apply the .."", method ." IU the 1__ """-' finc<'rinII_ibWue.: 01, 02. 01. ~ 12, D , 14; Aho play on the "'''''' Itnn", and in low, middk ""d

Z),

24: 14_

Iuch pOli';""'.

"'Idi
"The: "CnJI, 00, \I can .Iw be ~I'PIM.-d .. an ort!illal)' porI nf 10","'''' "" p''''''~.n. an~ Itp'o P..... II •. In 'h : tum"le from llnr.hm, . fintt' Ill. ,><...,. no, mally "" .1Ie: E ond A bu, h<>w on ,h. op
,If"", (Ill (Ill

oth,·,

\h. 0 IIrina- Th. Itrub!. on ,I>< ophauld "",nd iqat'" und;'nlfb:d by thc ..1<"1 ~ Ihc ........ ouinp.

So6aI. in C minoo-, OS'. n, _

.I r....

nm I)'PO '" pnct:;a, .bo an.... I!OOd resulu "ith ,h. 1:>000' Up, on PI>IUV II ~....n from utin. ,,, otrin,:

Of><

'I""g, ..... n though in Ihe acluaJ

a....- de ...., ... "". I ~, .... Z

~=~\1........._ _ .. _

...... , ...

..

H"" rd.~

l

• S"".in the "I'cn G 'hruuglwu, while runninj( the r,ngcTS "p ond down whok ",.10., • 1'«1 the ifftoO
.,..,..mi. or 1M bow, oompk ld)' undi>lulbed by the fill,",'" I c,iun.

• Th." play lh< 1<:.le normally, fc.ling the salll¢ ",..,nn01, ir. tht bow.

Attacks

.".cI,.

"."ed

Stroko! <'n be ITom 01:>0>.., ' ht mini "" from on 'he mini. Tho)' c.n beli" (1) ,,;,h •• harp 01 (2) with tho "",0 .ound U th. r<'St of \he ,,ORin impn<:
tI,.

low."

h.lf, m<:f".., ch. ngi"g '" 'he n, ",: ,

Sm ..",h , imp""ccpttbl< 'he .. roto .

b"sinnin~

,,, " .. h 110\C,

p"cin~

'he I>o",,,n 'he ""ns bdo" pl. yin!

Z Smooth, tmperceptihle I>
doK.nl, (rom smooth (Iik, • plane .pprooching • run .... y) ' 0 almO$< dirt'"",n, 'P'...-d\ of d"""on,. from . Iuw '0 ""ry fos' ,

,,,rI""', F.xpertrn.nt witll

1 Ck>r, . ,,;" "' .ttarling On me >lnng. Tho ""ry beginning of the IINI«: should sound .....,\y the .. m... the ",und ,h., rnU""....

• n Ut, ' '''''ulot
"",inning .... ,,;nll f.om abo..." th.: ....... g. c.p"nmen, wlm dilT"",n t '1"'<.'<1. Iltld

Ingl ... of dncon" 5 'Il itc' 'he bellMina of 'he .. < ,lrinS befo", bt"nn"" m~ '1101«:. 6

Bi,,,

'he bei;;nnin, of thc "l'
Ploy "" ~ ..h .uing. and in . and lo"JIh of eath strin" Al,o rloy dQuble ,1:,\", nn • • eh roir of otri"I' wilh 'he WI>< .'" IIl.ekt. ·I\m. P",due.i.,,,

l'1osch .nd Oal,mi.o, lniOllg>. <>Lben, di""kd .h~ arc. bn ...un in [ " I""itWn. Sine..: the hd ght and Ilope 0(
brid~e

,·. ,ia from

When c. crci$e1. usin~ all [,ve lOundpoint' ~rc p la)"d in h iJl> pI>Oltion" the ,",,,ndpoints ha", ,u Ix sq",,~ tlC>licr and close.,. to .. ""hing, making it pouible." callout 'l}m:,," 'Two', ond '" On ""hil. the "udem i, playina.

In krw """it ion., ,h . 0 Ind 0 min£!' at. ,00 e '0 \he bcidg<: . S ... th<: C,ns.,boa,J, ,I><: A IIId £ .. ri~ • ..., too lOft 10 be; . ble 10 tak mure thon

,,,n:.

10>1.".

minimum p ...... (FoU .... mini chord. IOUnd be;u~ ...... hon <: bridg<:.

,·""rei•.,.

' ' <:e

Do"", ule open , Iring> ..... hen playing ""'e nn 011. not., 'MY ri"i .ully onywoy. JktI.n "ith resonan, no,<:< ,uoh '" third finSC' b "" tho A win2, and IbcJl 'dead' OOt •• 'ClCb a, """,ond finger C l.

I'lg, 21

The five ooundpo/fllS in 9th position Pr~ice

IMtt.cd

Normony th o bow 1'10)1 011 d;ff.~m w undpmn" {rum n<Jto '" n,ne •• nd from phrl~ ' 0 p hralt, To

• ..,.rimtnl witII'ldpoin•••• Urn<. AII'N: onundpain f> ....-(.rred 10 ,n ,hi, e~ .cin "'" from hg. 27 • . • Jksln on , uundr<';o, 5. UK f ..., Ii"" .tr<>k< •. Ely fInding oxoctly the rig/It '1",,"\I:.nd I"""'"u,", the ,trings ,"ib"". I. widely .. pvs,iblt, .... ionoo ' "me. • Rc"!'<. t the ph, ... 0' p"' "ie plllJ'ina only on KlundPOin, 4 . Althuu~h .,iIl »ow "'"'" (0 bt !l!W>t.Iy >1(JW
.>tin"

""Ic>:

f." ond " Bbt, the b<:M' will .n~

pr.s.u,e 1<> m.ke
""W 'he """. pr..."", will be; si&nif"ond )' hen"" th." i. ,...... ,m ",un-drx"m ~. ond 'he 'p" mlk. the .. rinp vibr" ~ " widd)· .1 pn1lible.

• Rope., "" ooundPO;n. 1. lIy

• Repeat on ooundpoin t 2. Now the bow p,""un: will h ..·" 10 b.o con,klc""blc, ond the bolO' ,peed m uch lIow~r, Play II •• k .....·~r tompo. Sink II><: b"... ""..ily intO 'h~ ".inp, f•• l;'l$ the diff"",n, 'gi\~' of 'he bai, lnd .....~od "f ,ho: bn.....' Pind oxoctly .he . isht SptM or>
,ibn,.

lO"n dll"Oinl I. Play lite PbnloC o. pl .... ge.t • '1:1")' .Iow .. mll"O, The bo .... ~p •• d ""n II ... '0 bt exltcmdy ua."., and the bow p""mre ex.remely he.\'}'. Find .:ned)' ,he right
• If"""ible, "'pta'

()I\

Ton<

... --.. ............... -,......, ........ , t.>1~_

I~ltl "

1' "~I,,o.j"n

•

Soundpoint exerdse: whole bows In ...... pooo,rion.;ht M"", it bani, .... inlklriblc nn. the ~ •• nd ,h~bow hal '" be .x..,·n lIowlyand hnvil,. N_ "'" r....,""",rd ,be "tint Iiwt 10 tho ...., ... , pre!oIln, .nd Ih< bow hal '" be dnwn quickly and 1,,*,,1)'. f.n<MlJl> 1m 10 be ..-I m rngap Ih<' Itri:Ij§, l)ut '110 mlOcll Jlml- (QmLrn:tIo ,be oi<Je.,....od. the .. rinl . ..d chokn 1M sound. Fur I I"ft ... n., ."...,"" is .....'"Y'O -tI' '" ......11 .... """"3IY "" tilt " - ,f'Nd. I I""", rominuou. whulo """.. up Ind do\o'n 011 ~ndpvir., ,. 1'\.,. ....thou' vib ..

pm"'''' """'' 'men< ..r

,o.

l ry mo ......" leu pMl""', lind rIlle< Ind .~r bow speed, '" lind wh"'h """,binllion <,>I.pttd and p'''''ure rna.. 'he .. rini vibn,. ,lit wid". , WII'ch 'he . trini vibrll< II ....11.. 1;>1"";",. Only • link u ' ''' p"",,,n: mil)' mli
1 Wlw:n )''''' .......... ,h. Ip«<j and

ptn. ur~

.... cu« ly " "'I, i. •., the viMI;"" of ,be otring is ",;ts

wide". odd Ilinle "ibraoo. UoLon ' " ,be monln« of the ...,Iill .

]

Sr." IlIlin on .oundpoidl 'I wioho", vibnl!'" rind tilt ridlt bal;u1n: oI'.pttd Ind pm,,, •• 1O...u. ,lie W'inII vibn,. tn its maximum, and then add vibn" ... Do thc """'on~1I J, 2 and I. EattI tifM lIoe bow .. plaad ".Im 10 \he bridtc. ".... tJowt. bow ... ilb more ptUOU".

1b 1tQ' on ........ lUI>dpoon. d>e bow mull be.......uy parcollcl ... d>e bricI .... 11>< sound ohOIIId be cnMelr pun: lind -.an. all !he No,ic~ huw t"'IJ,""~" at=" _ ..... make> 1M WIdth o(lht"'"'" "'Muon 1UIlOIO't'T.

,inK.

I'1a)I not .. on rach ~uIDc in low, ",iddk.tId hiah po1.ition>, ",10m< "'" hI'''' 1(1 _ u do,,",

t" w~. A"'" pllY doublf 5((1",.

f

"'hnI
1...,.70

lh~

lOundpoin..

Soundpolnt e.er
.... in &e.tise 601, wI'ch the string vib"",., we!! •• list.ning. Notie. 1>0<0' the .1'gl.... , excess pre.. n", m. k.. ,I>< ."in~ ";b",,~ k .., '" bow jll" • liul" los. I"""'U'" (or """" bow) moy make it <;b,..,,, more. I So,,>"'' II llw: p<~n, and without " oppi"ll .h. 'U\,k.... , m""" hI ",undp<,inl 4 ond "Pi" .lIy 'here un, il 1'>" find .he ."",bina,ion of and p""~ure .ha. maw .he .. rin~ vib",,, the "ideo.,

.""ed

I [)n.1K: urn. "" ..,undpoi.". ,. 2 . nd I,.nd then 2, l. 4 lOll 5 aSain. The ", ,,,,d will ha"".n be: ~IIndpoin. I, ond ,he ponsu/"< ~"" ,ha'W< WOM",,"'" usin~

len or 'wei,.... n,imtlres in 'ht mlddlt of the bow, Ih."

•

~~, the whole I"OUlin.c til< heel.

~l:Itin

S

~t\ the whole routine u, in.iI; !We,uy. fiv<: centime' .... of bow in the uppe. hilf, 11 the middl<, and in the """", hllf.

nur

PI'y n"",, on.oclI i"inS in low, middl. I nd high posi'ion •. In high !'<>'i,ion, ""l"«-": tho ",urnlp
Soundpolnt exercise: changing the length of bow P\oJ'''''' bows to. bea1- Iklin a' J '" 56, ond lI",dooll)' ;n=ase up '0

.bou.

7~.

Play III the middle "r ,b. bow on """"dpoin' 5. U,inll ""'Y ""or" >u,,"ined OI",kc .. find the bol . ,,«

of .p~ and P""IU'" that make ' tho IITing '~bid.ly IS p<>Uibl •. Z Gnldually lenath~n the It",,,", un,il y<:ou u•• rh. wool< bow. K~p the so"Old pure I nd un(orctd in<nose thc p ....... u...... n,""",..u ry \Q balo"c. the O101ld ily in<;",asing bow >p,,,d. I Gradually ""orto" the molttJ; "i"en un.il a";"ina bock in tho middle of Ih~ bow. ~

WIlhoulllOppllt£ the up",I'" IhO'l ltrO~t1 I~ Ihe middle of the bow, "1'<"' tIx c~ctciltC. Do the urn<" on lOundpoin .. ) and 2.

II'\O"C <m

1o SOun
SoundpOin, 5, short ..",In in Ihe midJk of Ih. bow

.... Ih. "",..... 11'" lungcr l"" may Teach. p<,in, .... h<,.. ' he bO'It1It
l'I.ty 111>1($ on .~h 'trina in low, Pliddl e and hiatt pooitionJ. In hi&h poJilions <:IoKt ,,, lit. brida<. (So< Fill. 27b.) AI ... play doul>l<

""I'''

.qu«~e

the wundpoinl$

•

•

Changing soundpolnt A's<> ... - . 0 ...... M>gIf.

~ ... )')

• I'IIy ..'hole booor> d"",n.nd "I' nn one rorulnuolOt 1I
.""""rd.

• 1"""',

tM ,,"'hole bow .tmII.o:I., """'" aod ....-ay (rom ,he t.ndv. 1k1I... "'lib """ f.",.,rbQard-bridlC'-~rd in tacll doJwn- ud up-bow. ond then ~ in ..ell bo-A', thro: ~ ... .....'1'''' .....nd "-Id rtmOin p_ ond ...........,\ whIle 1M boor """"" ~nlN ,he ""undp<)Onu.

f~
onc. In .~ bow

l>owD -bow II .., a lQundpoinl " middlo , IOOndpoin. I, point • oound!,,,;", ,.

Po;,n '" ooundpoin. ~, ,niddlc • I
piarmc

I~"", o.ho: bow on soul>dpoinL 5,., !he h ..1. A"3k , h. bow '...,,' CFi&. 280). \t'bile from til< hrd 10 the midod~ of tile b<J,o-, _ ... ,/W: bndce (F'I. 2Sb). Do """ If)' I<> o_ of ,he the brid"". Z Arri'rin& at 1.hc ~ in .h<' middle
,

..,&1" '"

J

I ,">'ink utiwd back at .h. fit\icrbo&l'd ., lbe rnd ol the d",.'n-bo;>v.', kttp .h. 00..' ~ ' In' ( ~.~ 28<1). TIl<" ploy from tho poiNt" 1M mid.lIe uflhc 00..'. kni~ rhe bQ\<' drill "",,-.nI. the bri<J&o< (1';'. 2&).

4 Atn",,,,.t ,h. btidi" in ,h. middle oftht bow, ,,,we II>< 1><,..' 'ou,' (Fla. 2~b) ",,/hok' ''''fOP,'", ,h. """" ond ronlinue!he up-bow ,",'bite d,;t)inl1 bock 10 IOUndl>«'d Iy;~,-

~nern

on b<.>1lI """"n· Ind up-bow i. f,JJ,

Iw,...,.../WI,.

Tilt thl 1>000.

nulK

on lOundp"n,

',.nd

"~ .;n

(Fi,. 2RI).

~" . • nd

ploy tiM barr on 1OUIId",,;,,, 2

rho pm.utC PlU""

flnge,tx>.rcI-bridge-flnge ,bo.Ird twlct t nd rnor.ln ncb bow

·".u'

·ou,'

'in'

'in'

, •

I~"", ,he I:>c>w cel. U .. a '1ua,,~, "r ,h~ Qv,' wi,I><">","oppinl,he down·b<:>w; dnr. b ac k ,0 soun dpoi", 4 by , h. m idd le of the bow; chango the angle o f the: bow; then do the same in the upper h.lf. Repe .. on the up-I:>c>w.

• Th,n m<»"C IOw.rd. Ind 'W, ) ' from ,he b, "4c ,h...., 'imes. (c,,,, eigh,. WI ,h ..e h I~a •• in numbor Start ncar.r .h. hrOd~ •• ndin~ up pI.)'!nll only on ...,,,ndp<>ln' 2 I . l'IIy "" ...,h "rinll ;n In", .nd mid" Ie pooi,io" •. AI .., play doubl. 010",. A1tem.tiv. Ploy the

,~<.d,.,

"'jth _ m oil\ll! bolw. u,lng th •• ,m ,u m ...... ,,,,,,ani> ond away frum thc: bridll".

Different soundpoints, same speed

1'."

"" illi,

the mo ", P"'>~urc is ",oN.:.!,,, •• ",h the ming. bow~ ... r ,he fin.erb<,.rd ne.,;! Ie>' P"",'''''" b<:cou,"" the " r;n~ ;" "" ""fl; ,.." buws n. .. ,h. b.kli< noed lire", i>«auu ,he m inK il .., hard. Thi • • "".d •• hiahllwm ' he p~. ure diff.renc~ b)' keepin, the 11m. ' I><'ed whi!.- ch:onsin~ the tuundpoint.

Tbc (as,•• tho bow mowl 0,,0.' the

1""'''''

I'tay this <>:.«;.., with. metronome ", "",ute th .. Ihe ,PCeJ ofbow doe. nO! Chang •. ( 11"1. k ngtll ofb
".Y

:!

Whole bow> on OOlJodpoin. 2, .. me apcrd. Vcry 1><..,..

";'illlou, vib .... '''' play m. kn ,he . " in; db...

Z Tlltn, "';,11."" p,.nu ... StlY

wbul~

bow, un

ro~ ndp<>u" ~.

I'ind ' he

,,,.< widely . , " """Iblc ••, In 1'.• • «,,,, 64.

b~I.r><"

of >peed .ntl I'r<"ur< 'hOI

lA, ' f'm/ .if b<>oo (or l<>w) . move '" . oundp<>I" , 4 . 'no' .... ,h. 10undpOm! 4, ad,,,";ng,h. p.nl u,.. "n!il ,h. "rinll vi\> .. !~. u " ,d.ly IS poulbl •.

r~~,Jti",

" I'

',ho",

l Rope" on .
d\.n~lng ,b~

speed or lenilh of bow. and ,hoO" on

so ~ndpOin,

2.

• H..·,na In(wed as ror ;n,o ,he bt,d~ If J'O', ible, ,nO\~ 0\) , -.ain, dcc'-..Ika ,h. pr.n~r. on nch SOW>dpoin1, boek '0 m e f.nserb<:anl . PIty no,.. on eaoh minK In low, ",.ddk .,,11 high potilio", . In h i", I'
Dlff.rent 50undpoints, same pressure Normally when 1"OU ",
oamc) if !he .ptt
en bow i••lIe=l 'nslcad.

Wio;n, 1 in "'" middle .,( 'he bow, ~.i". «nuown.l0"ll b
"'aL

,..,,"rt,

2 Then "';1"",,, <~a"";.., IN m"," ,n ",'~ndl>'>;m 2. Inc",'u "'e bow spo;-ed by u, in8 ""'~ bow. S,.y "" """"dpcin, 2, adju"in¥ Ihe .PCN (i.e., I.",th bow) umll 'he ming osoin "'b. OI" IS ,,~d"y .~ """.ibl• .

1

w

M~ 10 lOundpoinl 3, u.i"ll II m""b bow •• n kcq> the ",und !'rom brc.kin~, bu, " ill withou.
4 HIving nlcwN I I far I"wud. < bow.~ (length) 1<, k<::p 'he OOIlnd pu" .

•1:76 So·.IIldpoit>, I. On...

",i_... of _

,n 'he mi
f

ff

I~.y

""'co on .... h .. rin~ in low. mi'i. ionl .que
do.« to ,h. bri
•

Rhythms on eltch soundpoint PII )' • ,.,.,.icty " r bowing and rh)~hm pan.rn, on e""h ooundpoint. PI>.y ,h. am~ po fl .. er nur tho finll"rboord. sl........ , neu the bridle. \Vho'~~ .. r th. dynam k . coundpomt or longlh o( bO>.ihk un uch Wynd is I>ure, and
"""te."'.

J

."

~~

'Il'hen Ihe s!,«d and pm.ure are both pc1f«:<, mo"" 'he :.ow ' 0 'oundpoint 4 .~d aloin find the fiatt' ~Ilttd and ill\'Mun: '" mako.· ,h~ ,uin¥ vibrate I. widel)' II pouiblc. 0." the I.m~ un wundPl,;ms 3, 2 and I, and then work hack again through 2, 3, 1 and 5.

TO"e 1'Tod,,,:t;,,n

Then

Nn\in~

in "'''''..., throu¥h ""undpuint. 2, J, 4 and' .

UK quortcr-lrn¥th bowl..l the puint, in til. middle and ,.. me hec:!. 1\1\0 use """" bow til< ~u.n .. _nnt .. (crotCheto) _ play,~ in lh. uppCr h.lf, middle, and "",,,·or holt.

~ h.lf~

for

S\2t\ •• ch ... nation up-bow IS WOll., down-bow.

Othtr positions I'tIy 1M !-arne

not .. on lb. otll., . !riop in ..riou~ (><1.'"1:>:

In hid! pooit;on,

'"'1""= lb••"undpoin" ct.....,r '" ' h" bndi< . (:k.

"'<

Fli. 271>. )

'"OIl'

Abo UK <>
of .... ott producn Inni-lalt;n; m ub . Hut th< nn, lOundpoinl.

Thto. Production

E_y .hld. of.<Jrn: colour", Iv. nohl. lhr"uifh lhe diff••• n, dcg ....-n of spoeJ, pc ... u« Ind dill anc~ from 'he b'id~. I'mp<>rti"n' "f mUTe pn'''''« 10 \eH .peed ar< uK
•

Speed exercise

f.". . .

Thil .oem.., u"'" I"w " IOk ... _ 'trukci Ill •• begin "u~kIy sod m
Ir",,1t 1M ,m'", "i/!rut""., ",t:11 ., 1;".";"11 (1<}i.I)· tu .h..... u"d. Find the b~l.n'. of opeod thaI mal<<< the "rin3 vib .... '" ., widely a. p<»>iblc during llIe pa" uf each ItrOk•.

r."

I

ll<~in

~nd

p ......... ,e

willt 0'" fl" 'low in I bow. l'1oy wahoo. ,~b .. to, obi'''t . c.nlim~.n: fmm the briJj«.

2 U .. mo •• bow and mO'" p ..... u... for 'he fa .. part of the 11m,,", k .. 1>0\0' ""d k .. prnsun' f.,.. lite: , ~ ..... plf .. 1["".,... , uk~. liltle .Xl.. p,.u"re . S ponibl. durin, 'he foSt Po" of lit. IU'Qk< : only", much IS ~ ... ry 'u keq> in good .onuot with thc . ... ing _ ·fko.. ' lit. bow Ilong the ,,';nl hori1oot. Uy, .. \her than diallina in , .. "ie.lIy.

pl.yinll o ne f..,-.I"" ;n .ho I"",:. half, .nd un. in the Upptl". fa" and IMn a slow bow - . och f...... I""· is one action. nOlIW\,

3 1Mn di,id. the bow Into twO hal...."

Du not

II)"

'0

~l.)·.

4 ·I;""n play three f..t-Slow d;v;,;""1 in neh bow, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12,16,20, 24, 2R and 12. 1"h< • .amp/< .bao.... h".... up ,,, 4 f."-sl ...... ' in • bow. From 12 on..... rd" play and count in Kroul" of four. Th" •• =;5< sound. like a ... i.. nf ,hr<>bo "';thin """ onbmk,."n, "on,inoo", n<>t<. U ".n to !he contin"o", bacl'II"",nd rinJ' Also pilY mid way ~n tho lins<'m".rd and .h e hriJsc. a!>d ., the flll3crboord. PI'y not., on noh .trin& in dif!'.... n. potirionl, . nd .Iso double "opo. Tem pa The mo« r..,..,l""" m< ....... in " bow. lit.. fut .... he '.m~ F" ••• Impl •• ploy ,1>0 firM hor or the •• <<<;so (one flst~1ow in
bo,,.,).,

J::

J.

Variation Thi. hoil" to keq1 t1>o 0"", "f the 1><..... "o"dy .. nd .,""n. •

f." ....""'·. and befo.. elCh new .t.te of lit.: ....re;se. pia)' 1",.. inN,

lIem'e pl o)';njj ,h. fits' who!. boYo"J, dnwn Ind up.

• Play on ",,,ndpoin, 2, ... bou, ,he ,empo that you will ",," fO>" the r... -slow

C"o"CO

.ttom.

• Then play ,II<: fasHI"".. , !
' ..... ,

---" Tone Prod".,io"

Sp u d tlxerc:iSfl moving . cross soundpoints ~I ...

I

I'b)' B ond 16

r..,_
..... op«
), 2. 1 '" ooundpoinrs

'l'h. obl;~u •

.,,,>Itd .... only 10 "uk;: th.....,ei"" ,·;"u. ny ........ . ['lay

4 'IIo\c:c in", ,I><

the ... ..,r>(! i, "",,,"UOU,"

. . , ,

i

I lWn "'II> ..... bnd3c and

JtI thot

F

w' . I n III ClCh _ . 0I!e f-.t...t- un cKh ooundpoinr .

brida<: and OUI 'R, in in oKh

bow. Two. rut .Iow> "" •• cll IOUDdpoint.

!'lor ""
ktwN tho on:! ..., btl'" and .r>(! "" . , ",und[l<>int I, mo-i". IWJOY f""" the hrid", .nel baek .pin. Thi. roqWrn COfl lfOI uf thl: bow ncar ,ho brid~.

""at

•

Bow jpo!e
•

Itnrc:l.., 2 Ploy the >p<ed .",em.e ",hito moving bel"'''''' ,he r"'gcrboud and th. bridgo. The exon,pln.how up [0 'hrec (all~ JlOWJ in I bow, but comilluc th",ugh 4, />, 8, 9, 12, I/>, 20, 24, 28, H. I

Down-bow

p """"",,,crn1o-f

Up-bow

/ - d 'n,inucndo - p

• Angle the ""'" .Ii&!>dy 'OUI' throua;hau, th. exorcise.'

• l>own-bow f - diminucndo-, Up-bow p -c,..,..,cndo-f • AnsJc 'he""'" oli,hdy 'in' lhroUjhom ,he "er<:;so , lit;<1&<

Play on tIIch ,u:in.,

•

Speed exercise uti ing brak. n t hirdS' The be\, balance uf.pttd, "",.,,"" and ""undpoin, ,0 pr<>duce the fuJI ..... 'one dOJ)<"nd. on the len~'th of i Ulnllh. ,lh< hli, i. pllyin~ on; thi. chin." froll' Il
· s..'~H,_1l

A ( h ' po.i'ion)

"""'>0.' ' he ,rrinl', mlinr or minOt, in the f"U""v.g ""yo: 1 Ii

(~ Ih

pusilion)

The foll.,....;"g example.no..... tIM: spo<:d <xcrei.., through 1,2, 3 and 1 fa" .... k>w. ",. bow. Cnnt;n ... in the .wne "'"y ""h 6, 8 I nd 12 10 I bow. (Continuing (utthcr, wi,h I/> Ind 24 f•• ' .... I"'" In I bow, i, • Jood CJl.",i $C fu r "&«"0.)

lQnc Production

UMv."bow~s

....... , H- bod

P'O,H. - poont~

,..., thinit.'.,... thirdltwo Iblnk' i. I buooo" dMoion rOO" P'W1'f o r thrff .ttt>kcs,...ro rOO" ......~lIina to a ........... kN'n rlK~ in the buw "";\b.,,,,, pllyin,lC,m ...

\a dIt foll....u..; ."n",IH, no. I .......... 10"... Y'''' <= " a' l II the 11«1 ond (",,>II .t the poinl utlnl \I.-II, -¥,. 1.1"", III" bow divioion m.kc1 it •• 10 play <"I"<:nly, without ",,"nlinK Iny <me not • . N ot. 2 Ind ) IlIow ""'" u\ina m"", t-- on ..... note, 10 1... ",1 bt:twftn Ih. h••1 In
i.,

_ted ",,",,1.

III the cumric from & ,1\, the 'A-'A-Vo iJ plJo)"'d MlWttn the middle of tloo upper half, Induu In tlMftnt~ attmI..

'A\l<maIIII. ' !rnm I'.m.. in 0 ......... , IIWV 1(l()4

Violin Conoo:no ia 0 _ _ , . ', . ,

1'.0 .11.

,,~,-,,""""I_-

II '

..........

_ ....... _

•

Play Ihc rolh",';"g pO»>8<"'" ,"'" I, ..,.,nd/. I. CYl:n as ifyoo "'= y.;n. the .. m~ kn&
Whok how .. T he r,,,, bo, begin, .. the h.el, the oc<:ond bor ot the point. the 'hird bo, .. the h.:<:1. and

'" on. Holr bo",s, UK the .. me di"ribu,ion in the

•

Jov,~

h.lf, middle, and uppor holr.

Su""n each mol«: ","'ml)', joining i, '0 the n<x, .. rok. w;,hQu" the "ring IhroughoUt, and also p .

•

b",ak. Play f , keeping the oo..'"d«p;"

Ex.rel... 1 I'l oy K",yt.. r E,ud . no, 2 (or I . imil •• "ady) with , ho" , .~nly l ull.inod ",ok... •

G
II...! .. .

e«.

Tone l'rodue''''n

",od.. ou .aprien, no, 2

""=.

~...".......".l. m~.~. .~:"~. ~m~~

• Do !he "m<" while playing donO
S2

,<>nt. Make

Eu .... w)

For tho ~ ofth< ~unSK, u'" 1M .. m<1cnj¢> orbow "" each 6moon-""" up-bow - do no! UK ..... bow for 110",.. no,~ Ind ..... bow for I ihonor M«!. TIl ......10>$ "'.. (1'0< tutllpIc) the qui" .... DOl .. (rrotel",,,) hi .... double d,. bow ",,"
•

"rokos.

Play in the: (oll<)oo.-ing ...... or ,he b.>w :

._..... 1

Qo..lr... bowo. Ploy., ,be ","I. in.he middle .nd "' ,h. poin1.

I Hall bow>. Play in th< kM... hllr, middle, and uppa half.

or""" Production

J )

..., pi

1'...

1'11""" il • c.... t.in proportion of pm.un: 10 .p«
.""ibn..

nlu'( be to do thil do!'w hair. Oarko. and richer roIoun com. from greater proporti"'" <>r pr'C$>un: in .. u,;"" to t"'
•

Pressure e.erclse

be."

u.,pold Moz." Wli on. of tho fin,! CI 'eaoh thi. e=ciK. ' In reccn, lim .. i, hal I ",n\tal pr:IClQ t«hnique t'~Bht by Capt, and his pupil O .... mi.o, Cellim know ;, ~I the 'CI .. I•• ""rei",'. Dounil .pp li~. v:o.rialiOfl of Ib~ ~xemse 10 pie<:es. (Set page 5~.) Th. "".rei", usn . ,rok.. ,hl' chlnl" from loud, in th. Ii"t part of thCl1rokt,1O toft in the _ond PU1. Th ••1m •• find a rich and mononl ,on.; and", a"",,;a,. tha, tonc with the ",n~,ionl of'gi,.. • 0IId r.... i".nce in the bow, bov.' h.;r Ind .,rini thal iO "~,h Ih. ,one.

,0

•

I'lly whole bowe on OtIc RO'., wi,houl vibnl,o.

•

Play on. l - p on Ihe d""",·bov.·, ond one on ,he up-bow. Th.n play l - p twice in eoch bov.', then J, 4,6,8,9, 12, 16,20, 24,28, JZ limes. The ""ampl. below .h""",, up to four in I bow.

•

U.., the ~.m to tnlnspon Ibe bow up and do.... n: u>c Ihe h~lod '0 make each 1 .

•

Durina the 1. playas loudly as possible wi,luJu, forcina. 11<",n to Ihe pitch: j, should nOt Oo"en of tOO much P",,,Uto. To a,"Old squa$hing ,he ,one, u~ I Ii,tle more bow.peN (i.e., I !it~e more bow) fo r the 1 ,ltan fot p. b«I U~

•

.-----"-'I

--_ ..... ....... .._ _..... ........ -. ...... ...--. -.----~

~ _ ...... M~"

""""" .... . ""'"

ond _ _ _

"....... - "" "'" ............. ..... ......

_

.-

... " !o&. lno

''''Oofo«. '''''''190<1, - 119

' lot _

..

" '~ '-'I:<" ....

01 '""'I> _

I>

dimi~",lIdj.

Do no, Ita"" Iny break in the tound

•

Playing l - p once or twice;n a bow, play the 1 nUrtt ,h. bridgo' and ,h. p "ightly fur the. from !he brld~~. From Ihrte I - pI On"'Iros, rilY on lOul\droinr 2 wilMUt dlana;n, lOulldroin, .

•

In the fin, ot.g.. of the e"e'rd~, the 1 and th. p IlrC ' .... 0 "'PO"'" action •. From aboul four 1 - ,. 1., fIOch l - p b«"rI
-~

.,.....

PI.y ,ubi", 1 a nd ,.bl·t!> p , w;mou,
bo'w~.n

..... tw. ....... ......

ono ...... """ ..... ..

,h.

•

Up to about th ..... l -p<, uM" a na""," hair in ,he 1 .nd more 'ihN in 'ht p . From then o n
•

AI.., play without tlte rll'S' fiyW'r on the bo....

Uk

'hn:<-

I'lay nm" on ..cit llrinll in Mv, midd le alld hillh "",i,ion" th~ .hor«r ,Ite ming I.nl'h, the l
1.110 pilYdoubl •• 'llP'. Tempo Th. "IOn: I - p i Ih.,.., .... in . buw, 'he fa" .. the «mpo. For ",,"mp!e, pl.y ,h. f, .., bar o(,he .""",is< (one l - p in .,..,h bo.,..) al .boud -; 60 (two bolll f , '''''' bo ... p ).1'wo 1 - 1'" in each bow:) = 60 (Oft< boat 1 , one boo, 1')' 'TWckc 1 - 1''' ~2 (four on • • ch melronome be.t). Thiny'''''': 76 [four on nth me,ro""mo bo. ,).

""""' 11uo

helps 1<> keep . .. ~ady

now or ,he bow durina the """'Y-Io&lll prell,,", chances.

• Briorc pLl)'ina the lint f - p, IUId before OK" new . . . ofth.

ncn:"', play . .... Iined, rvm ... ho~

bow>, down and up.

• PI." on IOUndpoint 2, ", .boUIIII. tempo that you ..ill use for ,h. r••• ....tow ul\>kn. • Then pl oy ,h.

/ -p, withoutlolins the (<
_...... I'II)vI& IcpIO _

with pana., ","nlO ..... . practice mc!bod IIU"" by Dcunis. 0..... ,he bow H

ill the ntfCiu. playina, d«r>-onco-',*,uina; KttnIS ..i thin 1M kplo II1J ,he _mum d.rpIlI of luoir-1lrina con,act. fffh", . 11 the Jive: Ind 1Ui' 1In« or the bow, bow hair and ,Irin • . Tlltn rind Ihc .. me oop-bul-unr"",.d oonU,CI when pi»;". th. pi ..... no.mlily. Viol,n Con«" o ;" 0 m!nor, "".

~6.

m...., I ~

---

\'loijn. Coo>cmo in I! _ . "Po

H . " -. I

•

Pressure exer<.ise moving across sou"dpoints Playa and 16 / _ps in t~h bow, Find the right ~p
lIOundpoinl, 110 ,h .. th< n~IJ'.M br;d&<:,

round remli", .n,;rely pure ond even thf<)uahoul - u~ "".yl;I1I. bo:.ow ,,'bt" the bvw il Ind ncar lhe fingerboard rial' p - pp ra'ho, ,h.n f - p . ~, ~,

1, 2, I "iIOundpoinu.

The oblique ...... Itc. "'" onl)' ", mUe the ,

.""",i~

',;,ulily cle.no,. ['lay 1O thot Ill. I()und;, C<)n.inuou"

Once inlo ,he bri
z 0"". into the bridge and oul again In u ch ...,.... ']'W.) f~ p, on caeh SQund""in •.

) 'JI.,'kc intO th e bridge and QU\ . p in in coclt bow. Onc / - p on ca.h ""und""i". ,

4 lv.,icc inl" the bridge and out again in each bow.1W<> I - p s on •• ch soundpoinl.

r~ay

no, •• on CIOch 'Irina in diff... nt po$ilionl. AI.., pilYdouble 1101'$.

Variation S,." ,h. o,he' ....y round, bqin n••• l
Pressu,. exercise u,ing Kales T'bo bnt bolancc of >p«d, ",,","'" ltId ooundpoin"" prod,," !he fullac wn~ depends ",,!he Ionpb, Ihit:knnI Ind .m';"" of ~xh ......... PIIY."" nc'""'M ...."" IV>'O-OCU'", IoCIln In one pOti,ion KNII the: min,., "",;0.. " . m"",,",.n the: followmj k
"""'tift

1 A (ln posiriotl) ( I)

On
2 S (Soh posi.ion)

)

A (8.h

~<>$i.ic-n)

-p "" e ..~ lIOIe

P

f

P

Prtssur. a nd length of , trlng ThIH pt'lnclplH o f t one production:

brida<, """" "''''11".1. The """",!be rln ...... play up .... ltrinc (.... ohor, ... "", .'rina). the ne""" the """. pIayo to ,Ito< ",,,,,,,.

1 CloKr to J

.h~

J "Ill< "'-oct !be winl, "'" 1m 1'ftU~ ... i,

(lin

n.. dIird pnncipk~.. the tn •.n.. bow ,.." ¥t9- nelt the bridl" in hi&h "",ition•.

toke from ,Ito< bow.

pl.,.. ",",V nn.

lh~

bridge in kIw _it...... ",. bow

10 lilt '''''''pln belo..·, "'" .op Il in the Wicn~sJci .nd the 'OJ' fI in "'" Kl'<'i,l ... must be pl.y.;:d llU"prisinliY I~ndy n.ar ohe bridge ,f.hey "'~'" JOund pure Ind ,,"y in tunc . Ah ... the tOP II ,h. Open F. mull be IIt.~ muc~ more powerfully.

PoIoNoiot briIlano •• <>p. 21 W~

f rit.

•

,

Prkludiun\.n.d "Ik-Jro

,'ufI\.n1. Kt< ....,

IIoIotIot_ dof!kul,;.,c in IIIfh double 1Iapt; Ire ohm blamN on ,..., lcft hind, ",tim in fXI .... bow f",,"" II'""""'" I t "'" ,op of tho " I lrlng .......... tho _ .. 10 '" not.

pm,..... is the """u .... lust I btok

•

Exen:l.., I In th;. ••• rci •• , ploy tv
.h.

"opped n",cs mon: and mor<: ligh~y.' !hey ge. hi",..,

1 1'1MY only on ..,.. ndpoln.~ .

Pl.y.1I the eighth_nO!cs (quI,'ers) "".

lIe,in .he quarter_nO!cs (crotch.,,) re.thin¥ ppp 11 ,he'op. 1

"1/. and

pl~

'hem ",ore .nd mOn: li&h.ly •• th<")l

act

hiaher,

P lay only on ..,.. ndpolnt ! . Play III the .iih th .no.n J. !login

J

.h~

qU'T1c,-no"" f Ind plly them mou .nd more lightly un.il re.ching pp at the tOp.

I'lay ollly on loundpohu 1.

Play all .he eiah.h.no,cs ./T, moving the Iklin Ihe qu,r,n'no,,' ./1 lnd I

Chan~

pl~

bQv,'

. Iowly and h .. vily,

.hom mort I nd mon: ligh, ly un,il

r t.~hina

. p 1\ .he lOp.

the ooundpoln. through"" •.

l'I . y <'Very nO••

f.

M",.. nc.rer

IIIe bridge 10 play e.ch quarter-no ..; plly . lIlhe .ighth-no... on ooundpoin, 4,

\0

1'10y Iho firs, (ew qua"... no1<. " n ooundpoin, 2- 1. M 'hoy JC' hiah", pl.y ,h.m n•• rt, and ",.rtf .0 'he bridge, un,il lhe 1.., three or (our Irt pllj"td ...cry clost .0 the bridge (eip.lh-no.es on ooundpoin . 4, qU'''O'_D''' .. on OO"ndpoinl I).

I'Il y ,h...me

CD

E ......lu1

~u.nc.

On tach I.rina:.

., .

5, 4, " 2, I " 'pf"">ximatc ooundp<JinlS "

C

I

II

•

sa

Tooe I'TodUClion

"

II

•

..

MI..-'"

SI .... pl" d~" :JH' Simple: is """"'h .nd n'c lxJifIn"" or "'" th~ end. Ac« .. IK ,u1,,~1oJ1 SImple In..-~ ~ _ncod II> r... -4J<M' Ilnd h¢a.y-I;fI/>l. W)..", OC«n,cd JJ_1oJ lxJim ... th • il b«
Oit.chl

suo"'" '"

bi",

Even speed . nd pressure TIle bow op«d .nd p,,,,",,n: "f . imple d},,,,/IJ ohoold be o... n. \t<~n
u"'"

or darily, til< ""';'1;"", bnlin""" ••• mooth. simple IItr.uIti II ....itn <>n """ n<MC:

• I'
1»''''

• ItqItl 'inJ oach bar on" ... l tim.., fin' pIoy .... .....,a and 1'"$I" n: p.nero. in !bt "PI'« half••• the tniddlt. Ind in tho hair, lI,i", II"a"",,'.n"" Ilmkcs. Then play ..+.ole t.ow..

Jo,.".

• M. .... 'he IpHd or i>"".... re chanan ... sli&h' thl' th<")' .re " nly jll" n",kullk, pll);",.ach Ilrou oI....r tYCnly. 5pMd chlngM

F • Very $Iia;htly f."o, b<>w speed

S z Very o.Iijhdy . k>wor b<>w .pttd

,,","lIN (~nllM

Ploy only 1M o.Iiah,n, tftUNdo and Jp""runtilo

lie l ure 11, mIke <>nly III< very ali.,.."'1 1P«d ur p ....... ' e chonII"', as thu"an )'()II do no . ..... n' In)\ll"'" 'v .h. I1ro1tn "'" ""' ;" f.."

IIOlicc

th.,

.""n.

Ik p~"i""larly ~ • ..:M in lh. lIst ",,"rimo"e or ueh OOw.ln,ko. rOt c~.mpk, tht Jpoed palltr" in Ih. Ii", bar should no< b«um~ ',."... Iow fool' i"". od of'f." ... l<w.", The fim 1"""uK pa"e,n should not be<:omc 'h •• vy_ligh,_hcavy' i"".ad of 'hc1"Y , Jiglu', Rcp
Smooth connections

CD

F.lIC""I •• 1 UQW '" ""I' th . 00'" well is nO' only .. 1..... nl10 ,."dina no,,,., bu, i. al, .., . pi" of .on"celini "rokes smoothly. D' dnwn '00 early, (>I" drifi on 1"1" the place ,,'her. you "'''''tcd h,) IIOp

The no'", in L'tc example below wund like onc, unbroken h.lf·n"l< (minim), Th •• led .ix!eemb·no ,. (.. miquo,...) rq>n:..,nIl1h. ["" «milt,,, .. of (h~ mol«:.

1 Play ",pea'od down- . " d up-bo""" on one no,o, .;cpI'OIcd by ,Ucnc •. Pla~ v -f , ",inllll><,,,( • q".rt~ r of ,ke bow, mo,ing Ih~ bow a, • modiI'm .pet
In 'h" lau . ",,,:,,,,,,,, of ea<:h It"'~c, , low down and come to. genll~ hl lo: I" olower, $Ioo-r. 11"""-"",, and "op, In in the .pace ofabou. a ccntim"", (>I" " '. .. Tho >lopping mUst no. be .udden, nOr take (00 Ions. and mU$' be ~mir
•

l'Iay i" (ho "pper half, II ,ke middle, and in th_ 10"'" h.lf.

1 I'IIY Ih. ",." . mok<:. I. bofor<, bu, very sn.JuIlIy mIke 'he . ilonec bctw«n (be no".. . ho" .. and lhur,c' . Finally join Ih •• trok,.. , still 'Plrk.ina: the bow' in the I.., «n,ime,,,, of OIeh "",ko, but now playing a con,inuou"
Reptll on nch Itrin, .

•

Exen:ise 2' The ... is no .""h 'hina: 01 a compklely inaudiblc bow change. Four qU'''.'' n",e (crolch
"'P''''''

U...... Iy 0"" .... ,....,ne ofboo< at ,be point, mkkll< and heel

-.....-_...... -. '1_ .. _

UK ... Iy """ «n,im« .. of bow . , th< poiru. rnHldl •• nd """I

_ ' _ _ 10

""'"'"--. .... ...,

........ "'" """""

" '.-'-""" ""'" --............... -.......-""' -""'..... -~

!'un:,
..............,. ""~ ,~"

"""",

_.r .."'"........ _w

-~ -

,'

60

Key Sm,kos

M . ~. U(~

oi.tc .... 'h·no1< th<

,or..< .. III. hlllf no.", in bat ,

I'lay each . '.ge at 'h" poin., middle and hod. I'loy on ueh st.ing, " , ina double .. op... well ., .inglc no''' . U.. o~1y o~ • .."" .... ,... of!<>w, ploy,n, up and d",,'n I I Jlowly I. p< ... ibl~. 1'1"<10 lit, WOIod .. f the bow dow" . li3I\tly '00 far, witho", 1"<1 • • ,;ng, to mak<: on .... n, .u... inN sound of """'teh.

.." my '""" 1~ .. -~.-,..

V .. Qu .......... l
J

Play or(linory Quarte,·le''Ilh, f "ro~. !:k...neh the I~~, «n,ime' .. of •• ch stroke, .nd !ho fiTlI c
c..,~

from ,he o rdinary "roke in,u ,he "nlt~hw 1.11 cen,ime,,,, .ho~ld be smooth, the one flowing f P""'WrY. Qv<:rprns and ..,..!Cb '",
"UO the O1her. Do 'hissimply by .I""·in~ ,h. bow d""TI w,thou, changing the

".:!

) U/t ",,/y OM m.n",.,rY <>f iIoOt any ...1• ...., ofpr... u"" .., thot th.", i, no break "r di",;~,....Ju

be," '<.n th. Slro} ...

4 Play '1u.".r.lenph" with a full . nd .''
"'g.

Of d",,,·~,..>tdc.

•

Simple d4tOlch e to marte/e

Play 'lmkn on """ no,., on elOCh fl,i'Ul . II

j.

80-92 . I'l ay ""S'" 1_7 WilhQUtllllppif\3.

1 S.a" " 'ith .imple dil<Jdui: $mooth, ..""n, each otroke connected to u,., next without 0 b",.k.

1

Gntd~.lIy in=ls¢ the bow Sp«d ond 1""' 0« at the beainnlna of ... h stroke, SO thlt little by Ii'tle tht .imple J
1 Once ,he accen,ed Jp the bow •• the end " f .lch .,,,,,}e . (irsdulily make tht .,rokn . Imr,er. with • lon~, . nd I",,~, Iilen~e be,w".n them.

a Dorin8 ,he pa~ .. betwttn c.ch Stroke, begin

,0 grip ,he ",ina silently with ,h. bow, G,..du.lIy gnp

murc and morc firmly."" thlt the . t.rOk .. begin with. "".ter and ""lIc' bi,. and . hana_ in.o . hor! ..""d; (II« I"'g< ( 3). I Oo<e ,he Ilroke h .. chanllw in,o , hQ"

""","U, boiin 10 leni\hen the ..rokti 50 thlt tho m~rI
becom., mO", and rno", l u"ained. , F",. lIy .rri.... It ,ust.inw ma,,./t , Bellin each .trO k~ with. "",ng bi,e, wilh i"<" prn each "nna:.

.....to • I'll)' Krcur>er E.~"" no. S (0" sound identkal '" the di=hi • PllY or .

mwi~m

similar otudy), .. ron ....... m.lr.ina thc portltO , ttoke, in b,o" 2 .nd 4

.""ke. in bl" I and 3 .

tempo in the uppe' half. middle, .nd I""", half.

•

CalII'

Gal .... ~n d...-ribcd this "rob ••• ·pi>o~. ,o· ..."h 'he bow. "Ithou", " IS ........... ally ..........-holf ......... ""ularly ~ alii; in 011 parIS ol tho: _ p_ty improm. ION pr<>ducboD in JCf>Cnl.

Colle One co/U strok.:

1 Mace II,. bow un th< >!rine.' ....... t tho: """"..o(.bal ........ Cut,,, !he fin,," and k..... th< MlICidn (Fit. 29.). ·CaI,h.· tho< ",inl.· 2 Moltt.he tkN."Tl-b<>ol· llrob by Itnl,lncn i", the fin~rJ ql>i<::kJy•• nd 01 "'. . . m< time lif' .he bow 011" whh !he Irrn so "' •• 1M nt>I~ .. nil' (Pi •. 291». Th •• ingl. 'elidt' •• !he lx.innl", o r the: mu" not be . ",rotell: .. le.", .h. pres ..... II IOOn • •• he: stroke b<;in •.

""'U

1 1' 1""" the bow back on the ... inl .... hh ,h. finS'''' mo igl,,~r ond ,h. kn"clo.ko hlahor (Fij. 29<). oM 'co,ch' the \1""'. •

Mok<:.he up-b/:wl'

.,,,,Itt by curvin; the Con"rJ quickly. Rei.... ,h. pres."", 01 lOOn ., "'. "roM

1><1:",•• ond lili off In'" !he arm (1';'.

CD

2!)d).

Warm-up exerdse I'loy con,;nuo... ,tJIJit on on. DOte. hftin. "'. bow.,f\' oner uell IU·QItt .

• s..." at ,he '-I. Ploy .Kh Itroltt 0 UtlU_trc h.i",... up the """. "'.<\ Ih<: 1101' , pod...l1y..-orkIn, up tho bow to ,he- P'lin,. Th.n....n back oo..n 10 ,he: heel &gIin.

•

Fino ,,1Ioy 011 up-bowo., """'.U dowo.. and oM" .I,.m .,,: "II.nd d
•

Play on .ach ruin&. in ....... middl. and

. =50

- ...._

.... 1: ............

,~ ~_1Ii

,_~

..."""""

."""""",, <->II' ..

"" _ I I) -'~-

h.iafI "",ilions.

v....... Gonccnono. 2 in Dmir>u<, 01'. 21. _ . 1 Wi
f Mo."U Ilro)... or. ..... a ' bQ('.

....

"'~. """ , " p!~)..,d

with hUry- li,h, bow p.eoou ... and rall-.I.,,,, boow o""ed , belinn,n,

$hor, ... ,,,.~U: ShorI, quick "rot• ."di", wi'" oilentt.

5,",.10", ..".rfeU: Ana th. initial .uack .... bow op«d it """ hardly In)' "p.'01ion

sI~r,

Ind ,ho: prnsu", rnon: IUllIin<1l,

lx,,,,,.,, th...roUt - ju", =Vt tilM.., <'Iueh ,lie >Iring .pin ...dy (or ,h•

• 01' oll'Ok

CAtching the string Ploy in .U paoli of ,ho; bow. Bd'on: ployIng
n...

1 H............ed!he

"rl.,. from lid. ,., I->'tUMi.16 ,1M

,....wI't, 1Mn pl. y th. ",Q'ttU otroK.

.m..a

the ",;ngo i1l"'.on .. .... Jenath FU lohona ...... Wos th. ''''''eh' of the .. n .... ¥rtnt. Play th" ts
lbc ,......,.,

0(

1 A (111 pooiUQII)

1 Ii (Slh pooitwn)

) A (8 ,h "",ition)

•

Finger action In.nlt, !lv; fin&tn l.tI1Ii:dIu;n ILi~h'Lr on 'h~ o.\own· bow and flex on lIle \lP'"txIw. For lhe pllrputn of .... ........ , ~1' 1hi1; ,.,.,......,..,t ._tlr. ";'" )1M ~, .... hand ,""I tot!"", ohc dooo".oow, and pt,. "'" JIM bet""" II.. up-bow. F1r· lCI

•

I~.,.

11K ron, 1>0. II"", only 1M

1InJ«o...,.

,.;> ................. ~

Stn"plOn the nnl,," In mlU l .o matc th. up-"""" • 1lKn mIke 1I•• ....,Uo willi II", .. me Ii..,... Klion, bu. "';u, I r.M........... m _ ...... , M ~Jl.

Ih~

oo..',,-b<;M', and cun<: (na"." the knuckles _

Rtpc •• on each

"

.~

Bow hold

.,.ok.,.

P1-r continuous ..."mIt on one not. In th.c uPJ>Cf holr,,..;th I POll'" OOWlXn cach~. I Pbcln, th e Ii.... nll, or fIor,hcr r.... m ,h. thumb If ,he "<1;, Ii"ller is too n••• to 11K thumb, Ih ... il "01 moug:h lowrol<". If it is '00 fl. IWIIY frum ,h. thumb, III""" ct.n bI' tcn.ion in ,he b .... "r lh. nn. finge. " nd in the ba .. of the thumb . •

,h.

Ilqin with the fint r",,,,r ""f d""" 10 the """,,"d fi"l!c" Afto, every rUIi. Ifroke. or "'" """'" fin. finlJ<" .Iigluly hi",,,, lip the bow. lwooy (tOm lh. _ond fi .... r, f ind the rille. wh ... !he fir" rona... hal moximum c1ka ,,'jLh the ",n.ion. y"" mor fmd III. bow hold It\Qn; b ....n«
Ie."

1 Turnl.n,; the band nlore on to the n"" n ..... If lhe hand does no' Inn .....,...to into the bow, theft it no, mouah pooo'H III the _ruN. If ilk .... ma mud!, .1.., 1\)I\C " 100 p......ed IOIId """.~. • 8qu> ..,th II>< r~ quite ',"fica! on ,be bow. After e>'t1T four "rotrn or .... ~In oJi&hdy ......., on '0 ..... bow (pron ..~). Fowl ,he Mele ,,11~ ,he II ... d hal ma>:;"'um dfm .."h.be PlI""' '
~rln,

tile knucu...

If {be knuck.ln .'" '00 IIlsh, ....... it no{ cno"", JIOW"f in ..... "'~ ..IIi. If .11<,), I ...00 low (I IIn,,.1I lint (.um .he beck of.M IIlnd ..""",.M lin",..), the hond ClIn bccume len". I

Ikgin with 'he Muckl .. qui •• hi,h . After """I')' fouf "mk« or 00, 1<)Yo'" "'_ I link "'_. Find ,h. P<>ti.lon ofth t Mud.. " wh ... Ih. hind hi' mlXimu", efT.." wi,k ,h•• "'.,.., • ...,.

I',.,.e';,. on Urn 'trin" con,itk,.,.bly diff... n •.

becaUK

oJf the diffe.. nt .
Mluy _iolini", hi", their own WIly Qf playitta ""co'o. As long .. i. ""'rtf "",II II doc, 001 m.ll .. h_ )'QU do h. Out "'_ beo. " ..CltOl on,n oppelf 10 be oome rornbinl,1on of the f"I1""',", rot''''''':

The ,mpul.., com", from ,hd"",.,m, wi,h ucl.JWd uppc1" o,m. and )'0'" k"he fU'lIl~" (and hand) mow, In othe' worth, • {>IU';''' m"""men' of the fi"lle .. holps '0 11'1.1« each "", •. The hand and fingers pl.y nell OlOCCOl" n",e, the arm simply ,nnl porlina ,he h.nd like ,h. " .. m or. e""'•.

Th. r"'go< m",,,men';1 I sligh, ""'"""8 .nd ",..,igh,enina ~nd. oli3h' .upinat.on o"d prona,ion. (S., EIrrcise 27.) Th< fU18crs ',

,It.

OowD- bow: (I) Inner edge of hair; (2) lo"'er elbow; (3) angle ,lte p<,in, of 'he bow sligh'ly ,ow:mlo the MIl;e; (4) le.n tltc hand ,ligh,ly """" on '0 the fin' finger. It oft." help. ,fyou ,.ke 'h' "",,,,,d and fourth fingen off ,be bow: holding the bow wi,h onl)' ,h. r"", and third rongen (and thumb), pull in 'igh'ly .pin.. the froe; with the third finaer during 'he

",occ.,,,.

In lltcCl'O )'Ou h"" '0 u"' cnou&h pm,,,",,, pl. yinll inu,

th~ ~Iallio

Iprin;

Qr the bow,

bow h.i, Ind

..nne, ,hOI 'he bow n""",lly bonner. oul of the .tring (without I."ing the min;), after ••oh ",,,Ite. PI.y ~

inl<> the ,[[ina (bend 'h" wood of the bow down toward, the h.i,), 10 ,h., th. bow 'p,tngS n.,urolly.

CUrYes

""«I,,,,

rota"""

Rapid. In,lelockwil<' fotCarm il an ;mpoelln, arm m"""mtnl in ,h. The bow Jlrokc ""t pll)~ each lIaCCllO nul< is ' line <Jicn~ the otting, ll>c anllk of the p,,,,,"un: for
Cont""" the foll"""ing enmpl.. up '0 1"'cmy, lhirty Or mo~ ' tr'Okes in one bow.

• Ploy in the uPPO:' half. Beg;n ' he up-bow , lacellOS near lh. poin', lhe d:,wn-bolo' Illce.,,,. nClr the middle.

,rK<:

nOl.. If lightly and II briclly 05 poslibl" !kgin ....:ry • 'lb""h the un the Siring .ft.r c.ch ft .)

ft

" 'ith I bi, •. (Lei"" 'he bow

• When 'hon: 0'" only a fow Iln>kes in elch bolo', mllte 10",,, m"""men" be''''''.n ,he lw" 'tring •. tu mol'l' 01'1<1 m_ "rok...r<: .ddeJ, gradu.lly pl.y with the bow n.''''' and nn",' ,hc level of ,to .. ..." "ringS, un,illlm"" pl.yi", I double "OJ'. Wh~["""" th. numM of """"" jNQ bow, UJ< a. litt/. """ '" (J
Alte. natlwl To u."
~:

Based on martele Solid 010«1'" illik< a 5
.,rolI"

•

!'by with !he: <arne cun~.tr<>Io< .. 1n lIIe pn:rious aclC..,.

• ,,"I how ,h. Itick .... nl) IU bo\UIC...... 01 tho .. rin& W , dch 1I",k, .... 0 .."..,. otroI
~

I..,

11\111)'

String crossings Sir"" ~m,. ...... opoiI.., odie ........ cood IlKCllo.. Th .. acmw: """'" alilhe ""1)1 as Eloercioc H .

pouibil"'" in tbe ..me

• Play ..ilh I ....""""""', bec,nni ... oIowIy II . ' 60 and sndUJIUy ~I"'" 10 _ 120.

J

• l'Ioy UII"" and "",",,-bow, 11\ 'M uppe.llloif lllroug1tou,. • PI.y ..·illl . """'i rh)1hmic puh,,,, ""':"'int: ..."h """"" o«en, " 11K belinm", 01 ovcry" I""'P tA fo ... nooe .. LalOr, f«1 the J«\:nllwilhou' .... undi'" them,

_","-._,. ............_01.-

__.._ . _-_ .. --""...... _ . --.-.--...... ,--._--- - .~ ....

.._01 _ _

----.-

_. w .......... ,..,..,-",-., (1,00 _ , _

.........

~k,method

SOl<: B.r"", pl.yin, .. acel.o, al"·a)'l fir.. prac. j", .he run, ",nh ,)
.u~

•

Tremo lo .lIercis.5 • Ploy. rut ,rom<>I<>., .he poinl, u';!\A one .""" ...."" of bow, f f.....-n. (H" • combination of.U .hru, ", make the It""", .

. U",

!he ann, Or U'l<:!he hind Ind

• Grod... Uy bqin .0 ·moh· the lII"1na ..;!h !he ~. (0). Thil ....... !he 00.. III bqin to """'" ...... y hum !he poinl, mowinl in ' "ta
pl.,

I

PI.,- ..... Irt"MOIo in !he nUddIc- of the bow to botin !he down __ • ...,.,.." Ind then . . . . . . . 1<)

10

"""~

in •

,he potn,.

f .-l., tile mi
K
S.rolet

67

Scales Play ""'<>-OCt"'" ..,. IOS, """,nding and d....,.nding. Angl. 'he bow 'in' fOT 'ho up-bow . taCca"" and p1.oy on the """" edge o r ,ho ltai•. Anel. the bow 'oul' for tho d<>Wn-bow It . ccalD, pllying on the inner N,e of the hai •. (S,~ F ia. 25, page 23.)

• Use •• littl. bow a. pos,;bk, in !he upper half. •

Beei" the rhythm pauern.

•

A, the sl""'.r .~d. mak< all the elem.n,. or the "rokc lorger: a d.,p bit... the bo:&innina of the Il",k., I hia 'h()()l
II ,)",,'1)"

a. notH.. t)', Ind iOlduI II)" . pKd up until they.", very f••• .

EIl~ ... ple

Alte rn. tive I'lay the .. me rh)'thms without pou. ing on the half·no •• (,,,;nim ), usina continuous down · and up-bow

""':tI'O"

Kreutzer Etude

•

no. 4

A OJaditional pr.lcti"" method for "ace",o "'.. Kr
• May rhe "'MI. ",udy Ihrou,ih, Ii"t with one , ,,,<earu to a nmc. Ih.n lWU, Ihre. I nd fou •. , Pit y lIle lim n01< of I stlento run with 0" copri<;n, no, 4 ~~

About colle·spiccato .... lOt CoIf,

t>OQO ~I

Tho m.1l!)' of a .piccato is ioere... d or dttr
""Ii.

Sinfon" cOMeruntt, 10M,

tIIO'o'.

I

Mou"

V;"jin Conm10 in A, K219,

m",",

Mo.."

Pf-rtite method Pby tllOh . trole< on 'he , om. par! of the h.ir oea.
""'~lli"ll

010"8 ,he bow.

~p i« ~1 0

The .piCC'lIO "",i« C;ln ~ .pproached •• fnllows: .lartinl from high .bo,,, ,II<: 'iolin. mIke bq; . .. m>':irde. ",i,h the bow, jy, • .,.«hi"l!. th,. "ringo, the wry bollom of the """... ,\IIi« P"'Il""siwly imalltr ~nd .maller .. micird ... movinl .Iong!h. ming a little longer each time. unlillh. ocmicircln .re ""I'}' ,maU .nd prod""" I deln .pk~110,

Spkcato

Natural bounce The bo..' ..... n" co bo"n«. 1'be idel thlt pl.yin~ on the !Irina il .a,y. and liflN bc",;nlll . ... man: d,fficllh, i. "01 ClIrm:, _ ... ,hcr i, ;, ,11..: o!h~ ""y round, To ,,,,,.in .he ""und .tqyi,., hing again .. Ih •• pringin.,.. of Ihe ",00<1 of the bow, bow h.iI' I"d otring. Lifted bo..;ngs re~ui ... Imi"ll, i.e " nOI ",,1.lina.1k: ..-t",..1 boun« cflhe bow oul of the .,rin~,

"rok.,

1

Mo,';n, Ih. arm I, if pl.ying ,hort Up"- and d"",n.-., play <:on.inuou. boun«nly, On not try." m.k. tho bow bout>« - leI it bounce by i.. df.

l

f"IIt the third Ind fourlh fingen

J

Fin,Il)', add .h. firlt r,ngor. f",,1 hnw the pld of Ihe r,rlt finger. un Ih~ .ide of the bo.M-', helpl keep ,110 bow "raigh" "'hil~ the p.rI of the fi"t finger on top of
1'10)' as high as ,I\<: middle, and

U

lKt

the """', ,..irhou. """ n3lur.1 bounce "f ' he bow dimini$hing

I"", •• the point...,f-b.I.~, on each otring.

Proportions All the diffc",". types of spicc",,, SlTOkn Ire ach;""ed by "sina dilTa<.:nt propOrtions of 'he .... rtical .nd

,II<: hor;wolal m"""men" n( til<: bo'w, The higher 'he bounc: .nd the 10$1 mQwmcnt .Iona the It. inl, the .horter and cri,pc' !he spi«a'" ;"<:om." The I""", 'h, bouI"'. and !he mo,e m",.. ment aloll.ll the Itring, the l"ng~r and more rounded 'he .pi",ato.

"

Ex.rclse I - Heig ht and I. ngth PI.y con.inuou, .,,-ok.. "n one note ,

1'100'ing txt''''""n the p<Ji"I·"f-b.lance .tld lime arm m",,,mcnt . s tuming • door hondle). T ni' does not make any ",al oound. Z &gin.o add kngth 10 the ",,,>.:.1 n,,,,,,,,,,en,, Do !hi! 50 gradually that the itroke chlnges impc.-.ep,ibly. A, mOK and mo.e I. ngth i. added, the stroke gradually chlnge, in.o a dun .piccoto. 1

Con,in"".o . dd Itngth lQ th .. the .piccato I>ccornn me ... I lld mo ... rounded ('Iong .pi"",to'). Arter I while the h.ir bca;:i". tn on the "ring while !he ,.."od of the bow con,;nu •• to bounce. ut thil finally d.,..:op into a ',hol'1 dt,,,,I/J', ,I><: hair 0");l1.li or, ,h •• tring.1l
4

Gr.r.du.lly shonen 'he stro):, Ind begin on
"' y

Cunlin"".~

10

let tit. woooJo,.' 'boun"'" I",in "'hile
.hor,.n
it."

,hol;t'it\i, ending up b~ck ~t the "",tic.l tappin,.

5 Du the .ame in .-.v....: liifluhi on .h, ",ing, .h,..-,en the .trokco until t.ppini , .. "ieoll)', and then lenat/wn aaain baCk on to the String.

to rom. out -

' s.._ ... •••••" ~.:. 01 ... /row ... _ _ ' 1 70

Key Strok..

ij>im.tQ

Play on each mins.r>
•

"-'riM l • A,ea of bow

"" (Ontin ....... ~""",o "'roUt "n """ nC*. IkIin • ~ of ~ tx ...... the middIc:. ~ ""'"

. ""'"

r_ .......... Kttp

tho bow door ""

I II'llhoo "l<>\'1pina .h~ .. mk ....1...·ly m"", ~r d"",n ,he bow. Gradually m.1t.. the "",kellkro...,r ~ Ion;
froa, pl.yi", 10<11, II.,...., he. ry s 'rokes. besin ,0 """'"

•

Eurd... ) - Soundpolnu

Tho...q is oofi ",,"r the r",.erboanl,.nd lI.rd ....' art

1M brid~. 1lwc bn, proport:"". oflH:i&h' '0 knJth

diII'.... n' f« eoch lOundpuin. bo
Spen,., no ....... the Ji"l""""'nl, .hor'.r, lillll'.r, f' ''cr. Spicnt<> .......... the b,..: Ionll"" h..okr, olmo"" 1

I'Ittr $f>iccato 0<1 ...... ""'.. on ..... a.dpuin, ... Fin, play., 'he middle of the 00... (sh.,.." theft ot

low .nd fl,,),

w poin'-of·bal• ...., (modiwn),.nd finaUy ....r the heel (lona, Iti~ and slow).

AIIJ ..., 1M opttd, lH:ish', kn&th and jlRftllR,1O tha, _II ""'" hn I rolUld, .k.n lOund pIac< on

w bow.

It

cKIt

I Rtr
1 1 N .... tIt .....1

"'" on _h IInfII and on d,fftf
.....

of $In ... ""'" I

, I..... dtfJ=nc • . ,~

s..,. ill the middk "fthe bow and 2, 1, 4 Ior.d ,

ploy ci&h'

(If

Wnc.m ~ice.a,., wokn un soundp,,"" ', then on ".3,

.,.u..Then do the ..me "ttile playing "' the: poin.-of.bll.....,; Ind then the .."'" at the 1H:iI.

KeyStrokcI

The 00, prop<>rtio", of height to length .",;,.c, •• ""riment "ith.lI !h. diff.~n, ,il.. of the bow, from full hJir I" pl a)'in~ on the ""I')' .d", of!h. hai,. • Ju .. belo", the middl. of!h" bow, pIa)' continuous spice.,o s..." k•• "n ,il,ed .", tho "Ute, oJ", "f II>< hait, pl~yina: ,h. 'pi«.,o on ' on .....i,'.

<>lle

note. Ikgin wi,h !h. buw

• Staying jun bel"", !h" m;ddle, wi,houl llOpping the Sll'<)k... , gnldually "IIC mo,e and mUll: h.i, "ntil it is n" on Ihe ",ing; thcn gradually Iii, the bov.' on to th o Qu'a edge . g.in. • [)o ' he .Ime.' the point-of.bal.n"" ond ncar the he.L Adiult Ih • •""ed, height, lenll,h and p.... ,,,.. ,., ,hot th" .. rolcc i. alwo).. ",sonan, and pure ,

l'lay.", each ."ing.

String (rossin9 This is 1Ii.e Scok uri", rnwi""

~

H, Ftx o
(:fOt>in&.> >« lix.rciseo

• Play quidly ncar the middle oflhe bow [low Spi«lto); al • , lowly nc.' the h ••1 (high , picc.'o). •

__ -_.'-'" --_................. ...,... -.... ....... _ -""--"" .,.."'_ -_........ --..

-."""~

,.. ,,-, """ , """""-''''' ......... ., ""'""

...................... .... ......... .... "'"",...~

-"'-... ' ' 'Oht. """" --

". .........., 110 " dI _

( .. ""'"

"".,." _-.."1 . . " 1l

Key S'rokn

Ipttd II lhe poinl-of.balll"lCt;

For 'he . moo!h ... , ming eros,iniS (no, .. . rule:, bu, in ,bi •• ".reise), """.., 'he upper orm .eros.!h, .trin"" e<>ntinUQully, wi,hOut ' Ioppina: on each individualltrina k,'o\.

,"" ... ,.._."' -, .... ~

m~dium

114, 11 5, 117, 119, 120.

i,.

'thrown' ",,,!te'), you c... conlnll In llow .picc.,o ("Ihich .ach ind;,,;dull . ",,!te. )'Ou cOn'rol it in rai", ' he (,,,, being 'act;,..,' ond ,h. "",end 'pa";'''', liU a r
1"."...

bowing5

_'in",

About the movement of the bow within the hand ou,in& springing bowiniS (somclim"" also in .piccolO and in «,,"in f,sl , trina croninll), !h. f1'Ol nllk~ ' iny piVQling mQ\'ollKn llclltCtJy li~o. J«51w, IlIrnilii IroWld whm:!he lli umb and scrond finger hold th..- bow. ~.UIIC !h. pi"", of 'his '$«SOw', ' he thumb and second fingcr, is so n ••• tho end of tho bow (rather Iho .. Mini in !he middle "' in I ",aJ lO .... w), a,.... )' smoll mQ\"mcnt ., Ihe f">ll produ .... much I.rger """"ment al the point.

Sprongmg bowinll'

The .. tin~ pi"'t;njl m",.. ment. or. made p<.Ifsibk hy the Ii«t ling.. bc:ing wry Iip,t on the I1kk, and oflen c(>ming. h.;,', bt'Cadlll ''''af r",m the top of tile .tick. The rourtll fing
TO ~ the movement dearly: Hold I pk<: off . lI the fmg.... ucepl lIIe ,humb and oecond finger (Fig. 31.).

2 '\\(WC 'he p
K«r ,h. hInd "ill whM movina Ihe p
S.utill4 V;olin Cone..,., no. 2 in 0 min",". "".

P kggino In ...,;u,; ,Ik; ,,<>OJ of the bow boonce. wi,lK>n, the hair IU"ing the "ring (.hhou~ Of tim ... if can). h ImtO be pl.ytd in I por,icular ploc.: m lIIe bow, uluoll~ £Om"",her<: lround ,h. mJddk, when.: Ihe .,ic k 1m lilt grtotC$\ notund bounce. To lind. 'OUliJU, play cominuou. thiT!y-second ·note. (domioem;qu." ... ) on <>ne nOI<, •

~g;n

_.

" 'ith

~i'"

I

"'''ff,rarid di"",JU. GraduaUy

UK

J.. 80-02:

In. and 10$' bow .nd p,,,u u.. until tht ",<>OJ ,,(the

'0 bounc. with t~ h.i, 'Iaying on lIIe ",ina.

• U.. /I4l Mi,. ,\hkc Ih. llroke m. inly Wilh lh. hind (movinll from

,h. wriS'll, willi only. lil1l.

ror."m mo,·emenl.

• Tum ,h. hlnd;n 10 lh. bow (pro ... t.), and allow liuk pa"i, .. Q' ')"rl1path«i< ~mcn~, in th. "'Ti' l and rUlg'''' which mull b< I"."...

Key Stroke>

13 "

Ex • ...,i... I

In ,",urilU the bow ploys around lh~ ' Iring in •• l''''tty <~rved motion, W.. ell til< ""in' """'.., in. d rd< during the 'troke, Thil .~~ ..dl. alae'"""" ' hIt .ite l• .

Evny ""t. equal, ",.yin.

('...., ...11, .... Ind I... ....... ""' •. I ... Ill< bow bep. to como <>0.1 aid>< M:I'ir\I

wj." hrd. bow "" lII< " .....

1

~.........t

tho: middle, ... lInn
IrI
} Gradu.ny ""'~ • ..".lIer ami ",,"ller <:iTo>k III1.illl>< bow J ri nolly mI ke. ""'Y om.lI'dr-.:k' on

th~ l\

1\(1

lbiJ I'"ntm many limn.

lon,,,,, louch", th< 0 luina:.

Itri"l, with th< hIlt .,.yllIi <>II \he OI.inl and ,h.

~

of

the bow boul'lCini. Rep .., on d'le 0 - 0 Ind

A-a WUlP.

Eu""l.., I

"riJU,

Bleh ... .~.flll or un,tIC«I.ful, com" frum I cert.;n comb,nl'ion <>f lTIOVmI.nlO.11'I< key (tel .... ;, til •• i~ of lll. m",..,mCnlS ""oti... 10 • • ell o,hu. WhIt the ~t p«>p<>r.i.,n. of diff.",,,, mOW",."" Itt (of the Irm, hllnd and f~) dqlcnd. on how much lui. is .. sod, how lIel' the bow if 10 !he bfid~, .nd II>< ,llIcktwM of the ' \fillp. [n "'.. c::xerciK, .... ind,\'1dUlI _me.lI•• '" ptoiormed ocpanlely, and .'" thnI pUt tOSeUter in the ..... " pIc«:d stroke. Ploy ron'''' .......

"",riJ/J ..NIl.. on one not• . May 1M o""rei.., on 0",,11 .m",.

I Fin. play _he "'~tiJU mo";n, only"'" j>mJ''''' i
2 'l'hen

p~

u"n. only the M>!d, movi", i. rapidly from 1M " '''" . Keep llIo arm 1f,1I.

) n..n play rapid . ",wmlll-OO'" {1CD'Iiq>.o:I __, on 1M ........ "".... only I rupodJi1ll« _ _ _ (Tb will hardl)' ptOduce I prop Ill. ann Ind hand Kill.

• Then pilY .ho UlwtiIIJ uli", the f"","nn, hind Ind r"'[I
"",",'.n,

M til< .. me "me . (No." tho •• he Ii"ll'" """.. men. is now I ·.ymp.'h~ic· m""""",n', nOl In .ct;.... fin... mo""menl .)

•

Ezn..::i ... J

Play con, .... ....:'"" Ul~riIU ltJ1>Iot1 on one no'c. MIY the o:ur.ttC on eKit II"",. • I'IIY ""h only th. th""''' and f".,.. fi",.. on Ill. 00... " ..I how Ill. bow '" Ible .0 m",.. fue,,", unn:, "ic.cd by ""nd ,

.h.

• Repea. willi I normal bow hold, "",!;in, 'ule IIIIt III. , lrUlot fee l. juo ••• ....ith only """ th""''' and firs. finan.

ffu ......h... hold;'" """ baw

Riccx:he t

l h pl.y I

."",/0".

which i, hlot bouncini I "aU , drop the bow from 2- 3 «nomo, ... l bo<.. "'" .trilll," Ill<: ..m• •im< oimply pullin. or puohin. 1M bow. Aft ... tIK inllial impact the bow boun«
• N......r

,"" poln' S ...... r the middle

!'....... Iawn~, loct"........ bow. S""'..... hi.".,. bounce. 1Iea,;"'.:non: bow.

• 'f"hco leo. bow)'O" ,.... tIK ""'.., Ind

s.._ ... _

--"

01"' _ _ '"

74

Key Strolr.eJ

1><>,.""".

f.~ ...

the bounce. " " """" bow, .he hi",., and .10>0.. , th.

"",hou.

A, ~ll .. pll)i", with. normll bow 00Id. i. may be helpful '0 plly .l1oHc: cure;"'" 1M f".,., ("'[1<1" on the bow. rut.... how the bow ""inp na.unolly and hat. rnov=>W' _ ; " Iho band.'

En~l"

I

.im"_

.t!

Play tho foll<>wing ponern. one",. ,im •. in 'he upp<" half, "'PO,'ing ","eh bar ....."r.OJ Tho idoa i. a. mueh lubs,a",e and .. much rini H 1" 00.iblt by 'rying diffcn:m combina,ion. of hei"". ItIIg!h ."d pm. un:.

!C

• Fill! play .~ch plIn ... n ~\Ihe .~I!'Cme point. ElI~.nt "'itb \h.ltngth of bow. htiJlht tnd']>«f the hair, 'o lind the pUI'HI pouibl. tone. • Thtn pl.y it. littlo I""~r down the bow, finding .he new length and height, etc. for the purn. tone. Gnduilly "",rIr, d",,'n '(> the middle. and bock up apin .0 the p<.>in •• ch.nging rho propoflion. duougooul.

"'m'"

Pflltfnl

Ployon ..eh minK.

• Play the ume p.,,<,n, ., E. ercl.. 101, u, inS ,imple ",.1...

• Play slo.... medium and

f.".

lumplel

Kcy Strokes

75

Sprinving

~rpeVgios

Violin C<>n'1 ......... I

Mm
.hi,

""".ibIo

11 " to play Itrokc ......11)' di«o ..... , 1p«r~on •• 0 odtu" "'" tht 0( htiJII. o(bounc! to k:ni,h of .. rob: : lht I ~'" i. io, tho mon: bow: ,he ~ bow, the hiahot ,h( boon«.

""i<>

llurcLH I 1·lt ... , oht imp. l,.. rOO" tilt boIon« com", r..,... • "".u ·... hippin.· n"IO'Itm"'" oIlbIO r~ I1tId hlnd. AI, W end of oM upobow. j .... bd"", Iho: down-bow, .... r...,.". 111"lIth..... "i&hdy and tilt ..,;,. ia I-litI>tl"I nilcd. A, Iho: ....... momen, .f ~ d>t 00..1t-bow, Iho: ,,-riM com ... oo.."tI .pin quickly lnd die fi ...m IIn. 1':Ut .... ~ d>t l\I.ir hi, lb. win, a•• anll< ond <:auNt Iho: bow '0 boon«. Tllufi¥<,

";,h.

1w;,..J

au .......' _ , ...." "' ... oJ"., ... II> '" ptatlJ<..JJ:; u....... ~.

•

To ... " th, d""" ·...".· make this rn~mon •• in.he middl,. ofth. bow. at ,h,. end mtho hdd O. Afocr tho ... a ck ,imply plIll .... bow, Ieotin. ,he bow '-"'«, SO on .

•

10 ch0"iC from «d down-bow

boo"",.

,,,,I<:.,.nd

IIId In !he bow ~ !he oWr ""I)"•

•

rcurciM Z

t.""

...,t!>ou.

• I'irl. pl:r,y ~isc Iho: rom r....... on Iho: bow, r.. lin, how Iho: bow bounoes ""\II1IDr~"'" if ,t... I«Of>d r....or and tltumb oquen.c Ihc bow ' 0 try "" prcw-t1' i, &am 1I<>unc:int:.Thm en. .... ttw 1110: r,m firccr, ...·hen it is on !he 00\1', dllfli 001 reduC'
U .. fuU h oi" Ihc wood of oM """. dir«dy ab<wc .he h . i•.

• Try dlff" ... n. a...., nf .ho boo,,' ." find the pl l oe "'her< It bounoes .h. m .... ' {somewhere around. Ot illS' .b<wc, the ,"i.Jdk> "r .h. bowl .

.. ...

....

.., . "

. . ',

'

<1'1 '

...,

,

'" ,

Urop the bow on ,0 ,he

linn. in a <:<: batt

M .. droppinl Ibc bow 'pI.y Ih<"'scl\"tt· .

on ,0 1M 11rina, rull iI omoochly

Ch."lI~

"".

lik~

$0

0<>1 ""'" .... ,1)'.

Lluol ,1>0

n~.\

dirtt';"" from. down '0 up .m"",hlr, to tho, 1M no.n .... pl.).. d wi,h ..."ul.ril)'.

a.-p..\ (Onlin"""II)', ".ina' wight 'kick' on the 11""'1 ( n in ",",rciw 110).

nllCH

m.~h iM

r..., down-bow 10 k«p the: ....Jln~n'u ...

"love the: CC~'" Ill< 1:W"k
";pic, .

....... ploy hars 9-15 in ro"' ....

Elcrdu l

"" , "'"

,~

"'.

Kttp

th~

Bogin to

bow d.qr in the >lrin, and

~ ... ly

, ,,,,"ined.

Ii"" • oIip,' kick '0 Ih~ r1rJ1 dovo...·bao,· to thll,h. bow .......... \0 le.... tho o.nn,.

Rep. •• the plitt.. " coounuwsly, Il"Odually IctlUli the bow rnn"H! ..... of Ihe ttnnl ....".. 1M d Ih< >Inn,. the '""'" tlm,,&u>eU ",...., II .0 play WIth.

Rqoc:o. the har ~u.\IOU$Iy, th.c bow ..........,;"" r""" win, to ......... II " ohm MJplid '0 g;... . oI.p,. Iokk to !he Ii",. no,~ of the up-bow .. well .1 to thl> Ii... noI. tIotrn·bow.

0( the

1"bc numbtf of bowi", ... iI,iom io inlin;,e, ... ;, " cle..11

_ pOMiblc II> --'i>< ""'I'J • • ~. 1"bc bow .... """ .... Ihc mOlt baoi< p:mC'n\l from wh .. h o.h
"on.

pMI...... .'"

,-,.

,...,i6It ...

lltNt'''6f < "M_ N ~der>tJ., /It r-p/t* ",,,,,<m/ w~riI. if ~ , 1ft", "',.....n". pm, PI.yin.&: ony po".rn, ....,..k ,oward. puolllnil you. com(fth" boY.'" used. F be pla)~ m= . lowly a •• he h.el, Eftn if I plrtic:ul.r pl"".n fcclo 'WkWlN in I cor •• in pllcc in .he buw, and would nu, normi lly be pl.)'ed the .. , ;, is "ill impO' '''n' '0 pro., i.. i, ,h....0 imPfO"C ovc ..11 con.rol. '

''''-.y1

HO'o\I much bow lIow much be ...

II>

uK ikpcnck on Ihc ,.",po. U ... I 101 of bow .. WI "'IIC~ """ WI /N1IIibk,

f"'e, ~; ':luI ., t llCh '''''pO ~ _ Metronome

s~

.jl«ds, .nd V'CI'J liule bow Il

_UWI
h it ....."lw:lpful lu ploy tho:M uon:rM1 ... th .... S.... II. ~mforublc 'ompo,ond FW,,*lb' ojl«d liP. \lEo '" och boY."" pau..... IIntil (1) it nn be pII)'ed ,tty fl\<, (2) th< onund iI en"rdy pUR' wh.t~'" the~, (» thc rh)'Iilm is t'o'm ,.oo (4) it fccl' eny.

ExcrelK I • PI,y.,!he !lttl, ""ddt.:.nd p<>inl, K.ep.he bow '<>lid))' OUluinf
AIUl ploy • ..,und tho point-of-balance, Ulinll h.lf-boun<<:
'he hair do .. not loa ... 111. ,WI).

~ng

-""--_ ....... _ . ""-. ......... -., _-...... _"".• -. . . ...... '0.--. _ _

.. ....

~t-J .

-~

•

t

-'---

..;:;;;

. . ... -""' ........ .... ""_.... ............

-""-_ ,---""" __ -.'On ' ..

~

..,,, • Iti, _

'01 i<

_(ooo_'1!

Pltterns

• I'by etdl ~"em

Ii,.., limn, "..,,' the chord KqU
"'ot,

• Play "' the hod, middle ond poIn, """I ,trOkn. Play in the 100...... hllf, ... iddk" ond uppn hllf ""'" hllf·1cnJtb strokes.. I'lay dcq>Iy ,n'o lIle SIn",. s.. "ainina ,he..,.,nd ........Jy.

• Bccin _h p.,,,,,n

up.buw IS well ., oo..·n·bow.

• AIw play p."ern, 1-5 , piccttu (or ,~uliDi., the r.".r .p«d.).

Exc .doc ) •

1'1~

ucb ~"'''n rour timn, ",in, 1M chord >CqUC'flC<:. IIw hftl , middle lAd point .."." \hotl .......... l'loy in lh~ Iown balr, middle, ond uppn hlif u ..... hllI'-I.""" stroka.. I'by dttpIy ,nto tho "nn" .... tLni'" tho IOWId .......Iy.

• I'\ay.,

• Aloo pI.y sp;calO (or ... ~riIIi" tho rl"" ~). up-bow I. ",.. U . . dooo·n-bow.

• 1Ic,,,,.od! p.,.m

Iinr-d ... 4 •

I'\ay II tho< bcc~ middle . nd point.

•

Ikg... oach PI"""' down-bow, kftJoo ... tho bow t.moothly l ustaiM
hlmple

Bowing patterns

(Il)

~

I F. F 'II ( 19)

E<erdn S • Play at

Ih~

"""I, midd lo and ""int. KCI."I' the bow l moolhly .u"ainod, pla)"in& dn-pl)" into th~ ...ins;.

• II
• .'\.1'"

pl.~

patlc<'" '1-10 .p;o.:alO.

Sowing p;ollerns

,»

(0)

(0)

,'>

(0)

KO)' SWkn

81

Un...,I... , • Ploy rach p"tlem four u....,., vt.inc...:h d>
• PI.,. lllhe heel, middle Ind p""lI. Kttp the bow 1m_hoy ""'II,ned, pllyinllkq>l, ,nlO the .., ....

• Belln exh pmem up-bow II .."II .. """,,,,-bow.

F.xr...,lw 1 • Play II !he heel, moddk:.nd """,c. Keep the bow Im<><>
•

82

Key Suokn

Ah.o play p""""" 4, 811n1i 12

"*""'"

(or """,a; II the

to ..n

I poM).

........ • Play II tho Mel, middle and poinc. • 8cpI~.m pal ....... do""n-bow, keq>ina ehe bow _ h l y 'U>laint1y ;nlo the 'lnnl.

o Aloo p.y p"no,,,. I . 7. U Ind 19 .pitt.,n (or 'G"riIli II ,I\c

f."... il\l:I,
Exerd.~

•

9

rlay . Ich

p."....n four rimes, "'ina: the chord <equtncc.

• I'IIY It lhe h«l, middle and poln' u~in& Wurl "TOUt. I'1' Y in the 10.....,' half, middle h.lf and uppc! lulf u.;ng half-Ieng'" Ilrok ••. PI . y deeply ;n.o the "rina , .u".ining the oound ",·.nly.

•

e

Rc,in neh I""orn up.bow I. _11 I. down-bow.

E><er<:I ... \0 _ k ft' utter Elude no. 2

J'loyillll "," 0".' nG, 2 (Olr a .imil.. 'Iudy) with bowinl ,.. rialions iI u.... uf ,h. key 'tohniquc·!>uildina method, p"'ou ....-d by countl ... vinlin;',. through the ",noralions. MOIl editions of Kn:u=. "udin include a number of ..... ill;on•. Galamian ' ai,~ """ ' ;"' y bowing p.ottcrnl IS "",II as different rh)'lll",,;

Mluorr' l>fOVid •• I SO b"""in, p.".rn •. The ben.filS of pl aying iu", • rew patte,n" as given ""re, a.. dramatic. b«:luH they Hom '" bmili., and or!",,,,",ly ordin~f)'.

)"d He

often """,I""ked just

42 E,ud ... "" a pne.,,;, "". l

•

I, """"..."" ... ~- ...

-f . . . ,. " _

Key Stroke.

"""-

• l"\Iy ,h • .,udy wi,h nth !'.".rn ,hr•• limn "1'1'"' qUU" f.

~

in ,h. l.,....,r qua".f, a, ,h. middle, ."d in ' he

• IIrtin 'Kh bowin, p""..n up-bow al "",II u down ·bow. • I(Hp II>< bow d«p ;" th< .. rina th"""*"",,. SUfI.in .loCh ."",ko ",lidly and ""'" ..-.mlnoly.

.

,

~

.... h ...,.c

'" th<

ChO''''

About timing finger placement in chords

Itty 10

C(l1"fe(1

Ono of .1>< linglo mo• • imron>n. po.rto of ,uee... ful chord pla)ina ;s .0 plaox .he f,lIgtn .m .he •• rinll qukkly <"",,;h, in timo bef"re .he !>
Olh« "",rdl:

PIO}" Iho firs,

~ h<>r
- in ... ntly pl= ,ho fingers .oldy for .he "'"Xl chord. (Play-pile<:, pl.y-pla«),

i.....ad '" Plae<:""o

r",~en

- r l.y; plle<:",,"

n"~.

rUlgen - pl.)", .nd 50 on. (l1ace-pl.)·, pl.ce-play.)

Voicing

Ut ina tho CMoe "quonc••1>0>.. , fOund IU ""'""c $Irinp ., lhe .. me .ime '<J play. 01>0" bUI cI... 'i.... n'h· no .. (,"",;quI'''') ehO'd. Quickly bow, and lu".ln Ihe lied nole (<Jr nolCl) wi""O\II a b ... k in .ho ""'nd. In oth ... "",rd., the .ied nOl ... hould .ound like half-no."" (minims):

,.In" """

hample

Play the chord ""Iuene<: in the followin, ,il< w.ys:

,

-

P••• H "ti-.. Su""'n , II

• Th",u&houl, pia)' II d<)$C 10 the brid~ stting<., unO".

~

i

,!rinp
a, """ible _ IU" "' f... '"''l''' """co"'1 ' o Cltch an thm:

• 'IQ bellin tlCIt chord, pile<: the bow "" tit<: middle . tting of .he chord. l>n:., the middle , ,,inl down until tho bov. ho;r '31chco the OUIO' . lting; of",," cllnrd.

'*---" .M>

Koy Strok""

Fect hooo·, •• the h.el, the h.ir givn and .... hn .ho .hrtt llri",,; while a. fh. poin. Iho wood offhe bow ,i'~ in tho middle of Ihe bow, Ihe hair remaining rigid.'

Smooth pivoting

....... -.,,_11

Eu",IH 1

Gradually increasing length Throughout the u.",i"" hold tho wood of the bow down t".."o"'. the hoir ,",,;thout ",I • • ",. PI"}' os cl<>s< to the brida. II p;>fliblc, but as far "way at n«<.ury te catch all\hr« 1tri"i' at one •. 1'1"". tho bow on tho .tring near tho hool (A in the iIlu"r,o;ion bolow), p"", ,..., middle of the tI=c "rinp do ..... n until the bow hoir c.,ch.. the Out .. ",';ogs of the chonl . Choos<: a soundpoint ..... h... this i. poniblo. I'I.~ the th= Strings """,,tly like a tripl .... toppt
Repeat ., the poin,..,f·bolance (U) , middle (C), bo,ween the middle .nd 'he p"in, (D ), ond neat the point (E).

1 StartiLl,ll nco, the heel ogoin (pre .. the middle "rinll down until the bow h. , .o ught.1I thre •• n1:'III), pl.~ 'he chord . lightly Iongor, •. 11., thre. cenlimot"" Ioni- R.pon on 'he !)c,,",', )

Repeat with qu.rtcr bow. (A ~ H , IJ-C, ctc.), .nd thCIl balf bow. (A-C, lJ-D , etc.). !'inolly pl.y wltok 1>0...... , .u".ininS .11 th"'" 'Irilli"' <"VI:nly from 'he bolinnin¥ '" lhc end of the chon!.

LA~~~~~~~~~~~ D

's..eooo._u

'1<0-"""_ " 118

Ke~

Stroke.

c

•

~ thumb pnMd .. CO\In'cr-pretS.~ apin>! ,I>< neek. loIdN"I'l and upwron.ll.. Th pboy frffl} and wi,houl lon1_. roun,or-p
RedlXing thumb tountef'-pr6SUre

",.,J '" hlrJ" III """ihII.

m. ....

ako..,.

s.... 1100 F.tm'~R, ~ 10), .."",

lin ••• ""'""~ ~ ii, th<:

I"..

toun,or1>fOW'"

illI«CfSOI"1.

•

Position ing the thumb Hcifrtt~ 1<.010••, Ltopo!d Aucr: pl oce.he !humb dim:dy OpJ>OJi,~ ,he >«ond flngcr ploY;n. 1'1 on "'" D lI,in,. Oi limiln: bo'", •• n!h" fin, Ind ""cMd ling .... Qr uppo.lIIile Ihe f ...,. I'k\.ch. S",~'k' QP\M;'.

"'" f,n ' f.nge, playing E on ,h. 0 ,,:ing. Su'uk,: brt",«n !h. Ii... Wn"1.

f1n~«

pl. ),;ns. E on !he 0 m'ng, I nd

Tha,,,,. ,, lhe mo'" Ihumb I>
U... he thumb I;&hll)', ,,'ithoul !lqu«.mll ,he nee. Qf the violin bolWtCn the lIumb and .IIe linS ....

I 1M the Ii....... the Ihumb 10.. ,t. ..... ml", !<>inlo. II d_ rIO' bqon "' the poin' ",line i, '"""Irs '0 )OtII on 10 til<: band, In>, lou it< b
p
bu, ton""nlly dIo..,.. ""It. 110. actio ... 0( the Iil\lffl and hand.Th. chan...... """",Umet <>bvi<>t.n, comcUIJ\ct ... "i~t •• '" be ;""...ibk, bu, Of ..... 11 Ire ....Iy mod. (On""iou
1 TIle thumb don ..... "'Y In """ fixed

"""'CW1" b.,

.10.

10 ftnd I " ".unll pooirion fQr Ihumb in I" pm"''''', dttlf' .h. t.l nd t" 'he . ide Ind rei ... i. comple,ely. Fim "';,hO\t1 ,h •• ;Olin . and Ihe n with the vinli n. quickJ)' nti.., ,he h i n d ;nt" p laying po.;';on. If .he hond JIId arm Or~ ro",pl.,el~ relued, wh ... ,-", pmition th. thymb nOlurolly orri'''' II il th e COrrecl pml" "" lot till! ranicull . h.nd . Thi' is ,he r<>5mon .hat the ,humb dopl'" trom, and .
'Q,.' " """'''

Fi,. 31

_

till ...... botwftn

ot.o "".. " I the

\hI.oItIo ..... tile lint fl nv-r

Left l land

W.rm-up e.erdse To .lop squco:>:inll lhe n«~ 100 hard 1x1""em (he thumb ~nd (he ("'1m, 1'10)' this finll<'ri"ll panem (...·hleh 1""ludfl (very po"ible rombin~,lon of .ny IWO fin",,") "",houl the thumb t<)ud\""l~ neck. C~P'u~ Ihc rco:~"i uf ,h. ,humb', inde""nd.nce from the fi"iCfI, .nd 'hen find !be urn. fttlini with !h~ thumb itI its ulu,l poIilion ,

•

•

_,t<:

I~IY with the thumb _II r...... rd, ~ !he third fllIJCf' Ind lbou. I cmtim<m .....,. from ,he n«k (F,.. l1). K
1~l)i",

Ind

• "'If

"i,h!he

m.(~,

thir.y~.II<)I"

fim pllYin ."",h·"",.. (IIIIaYn"I), ,hen ... ' ..... 'h·...,. .. (....lIqUlYCfl) (dcmrwmOq,,",'en).

'M purpO$eI "fthe .""l'Ciic, 'hong' (he I ..... r,om Ihe rinie", u"lna .rm _ighl to ilOf! III< Mlot, kel." th< onli ... "'elghl of th. hOld inl<> Ihe chIn ,,,110 hold Ihe ,-lolln firmly. Or ~I the I<:rol1 ~Ioh'" ,he .... 11.

( )(.Im p&.

On dtll'..... nt occuion. play lho r",,....:

'h.rou&h

lhc N'lIuc"". "'th
l'lay ,II<: .. m. oeqUCrl« ..... ach ... ina. Pr •• t1 •• m, th od 1~'1

ph",,.., wlwl. ..,thou. the thumb

pM ..!!.., or whole <)0

m"""monll

th. n«k, .. in !he fI1CI'citc.

Rnt tho ocroIl opim. II>< wail ' 0 ...,;"s hlvina '0 1'..... on the chin..,.. for lon, period •.

90

Left Hand

•

Thumb independence •

M",~ Ih~ !humb b.od"',,,,b and ~'lInI' a. sbown in !he firo, 5i.e!he ,~i'" fingor, and mov<: i, back be ...... en!he firs, finl"' .nd Ih. nul .

• a..ngc di"",, ;"n with 'he !humb., !he ..me ,ime" changina direction with the bow. Th., is, ir,hc thumb ~ n\6>.;n81{M';IIrdl tht bridg!,.1Id you I~ nn In Ull-bnw, 11m mnvif\g Tht Thumb !ow.rd! Ihe "",II when )"tlu ch'njI¢ 10 Ih. d",",'~ '''')W' Thil eniURi Ih.1 Ih. Ihumb i, ah'1Iyt movinll when "i,in, or lowering a fin!!"r. Do no. mOm.lllarily '101' m",i"ll the !humb .. !he finger i. d'<>rP
I'\ry the . ame "'qu."ce on each "rin,.

Rolling fingers into the string 'RoI l in~t'

finlle., in'" Ih. lItinK is Ih. same a\ the mo,'<men, of 'he finS" .. ip in "';1>1"., 0. (Se. Fi,. pagt219.1

~4 ,

FinI<" a.. "rtt" roll«l

..... I>\!r ,han 'preucd' In,o 'he 'Irin" ..pcciaUy 'he fi"" no,e ar,er I IUt . Rollins " lIom..",.II)" !lops thc Itri na enough 'Nithou. plUslna, and lhe I.." Ihumb rounte .... p""",u,, II needcd . (l'1... 'he palm of your hand nO! on I tobie-top, ..1""lnll th. weigh' of .h. arm into the hand, N ",",' Ili&h~y roll the hand r... "" one Ildeto Inorh ..: f«1 how Ihe ,Ide of the hand """~ in«) !he ,"ble m"",.)

"5ition. wi.h. pau •• hc"'~n ••eh no'.,

PI.)'. ,..

• Silently

ptIC~ !h~

notc!n tunc. wj~h.1«' flnlle. in its normal , ""u"'l~d ,h.p" Wig. 34.).

Z Thcn roIllb<: fins" back on 10 the po.d, aWIY from th. lip and \"","ring Ihe pi:eh ( F it. 34b), 1\, the

urn. limc ",1<.", !ho .lring, SO Ihll Ih~ f,nger ",m on tho "rina . , lightly I. If ,<> play . harmonic (""liuen a • • n x_no.e). ComplctdY relax !he !humb. I Roll fOl'WI'" on the ~ad of the 6 n ll<" ..., tho fina~r roll" Ih. Iwn towanl, .he finae"",.n:l. w,thou, mu<:h roumer-pre .. u,.. from !he ,hUIIlb, Roll untiilhe lip of Ihe fin",. i. Qr_IM righ' pitch, and !hen pl.y Ihl' !lote piale",o.

Fc<1 h",,' !'Clued th. thumb is , Th.", rnoy bc. r.ding ofi. sliding upw.tds Iliu1e, as!h~ f'''ie' II"'" do..-n, but it hardly has ' " pres. again.. the neck II .11. , Rope.t, pllyinll lbe nOI~ with Ih. bow in .... d or P;""",11
Ltft lt .nd

..... l~

Thoo ling
Thoo li"9*r In Itl _ .... t pooItlon bel..... JOIIi,. 11«.

Upward counte r-pressure A slitlht u ....... n1 (<<11na: in 11K thumb. 10 counter 11K d""..,,,.. n1 fingor """""""nl, ~""'" thumb counlo,,~I'CI'U"' .

Fint ""'........: m.1 1M Ibwnb 011<1 1M om of II", f'''1 fillg
,

11«. as

""""'aJ'

Ilghlly I I I fe.lbtt.

Reo, 1M tip d Ih. thumb on 1M nee" bol.,...· Ihe lev,ly b""k (I. • .• di';onally "p".. rdl), u",,1 il illlic~ini up.~ the lillie""""'" (Fi,. 35b), Le, 'he !humb m..... m.n. help.1I< finl<" Itop the fin ... enouJh to k>tc 11K harm' mOc a nd lIOund tho 1I0p;>W nul • . In 0111<. Wot as if the lJodin. _ n t Q{ lhe !h"nIb is mou&h 10 1IUP lho 1Irina.

d"""

~I,,", the r", .. nip d.ap>aIIy doown intO the: wine, nther than ,,,rticIlly down. Play I ''C1'Y fb, @I\III aboYo the D. Ind I V<1')' 11 •• l' j..., .t.o... the: H. 2

i,.

1'1..... the thwnb in normal pllyil\l po6i.ion, "'Ith the f"''"'tip ",ody 10 ploy 11>0 harmonic. I'll)' the ... ercisc Ipin bu. only"""", the thumb di....... IlI)· up.... rd. the ..... lllqt ''''''''"', ju" .no~ 1<> be vil ibl • . Mon: 1I"lIer Inion itt "",",' ....:....1')' I<> Itup the luin • .

3 Rtpelt ,,,!h the thumb Ipin in it< nOt"ml1 !"
92

l.di tland

About fingertip placement and base joints

Wtdening at the bl5e joints

Th. part cf .h. [!JIi.r,ip lbat to...:hco th. min. IIf":11 the angle of th. b... join.. to lb, ('na,rb:>anl . If )"OU pia .. all the finiffl on lbe lell lide of tM finsonip (l'iS. J~a). tho b ../; joints take tOO SlO'p an angle to Ih. ('ng<,bOIInl (fig. J.6b) . This ~ngI" of the ~ •• joints ai,,, makes the ~m' cu"" Out ''''' much, and lbe olbo\o' to pull in too fa. to lbe right, boIh of ",hich can caus<: ,.nsion in the hand . nd upper Irm. Equally, placing lb. finll .... ' '''' much on the right . ide of the fing.rtips, to keep the bl$' joints parall.1 willi the f,ngerboard, can cau,. ,.",ion (I'ig. 360). The m"" n.,ura! anJl. of tt.• bu. iOint> ,,,rio. ... ith ...:h p~r (Fill. 36d) .

n.. fing.r'ip also .1f."Ct.

whelher cr nOt .he rouge'" touch uch oth.CT. F",. exampl •. if the firs' finger i. pl.a4"«l on 'he kf, Ikle uf tho ,iI', and th, ~d finger i, "llcod on tho righ' li d. ofth. tip (1"". 3~), th
flll9tra I II pl.e.cl oro thl .. " 01 tM flngl"lp

"'ott tt.. lteep ""911 01 t ht .....

8 ... join" lor<.cIlO be un... ' .....

IOI~tI

Illy ~rlll .. with , "" IInge"""''''

'0 1M linv-rbo
The II"ge"lp pl.e ..... nt open. I _ _ th_ lira. Ind _ond fingtrJ

be.",""

n.., lingertip pl"" ..... n. tluses 1M lira, Ind _ond 11"IiI'" to lquee •• "lOge. "",

l.eft Hand

9~

•

In ,II .. nerciK, the r",..,. lifts from, and drop< on to, _

n<_.e, .ar;h time .,,;"'. d",.... "o pa •• of ....

linamir 10 pby I."" _e. A. 1M ..me ,jmc InOIM. r...... ;. hdd doom 011 1M tI"nc. ""lIJI on tI>c _ PI" of ,11 up. The pdeh ohhc

I'l0l.

Iohollld .lay 1M oame, " .. ~"" PI" or d>< up plal" ...

'UR, m~, np,' indica'H 1M IW' oIw rill..,."!> tho. o.bolild t<>uch 1M otrint (.. -.. by .... playoT). • "~nd; ....; ~<'JI the """" fo
.""Y' place the ..",...Ii"#!' on the >VIol side of the tip (not ., • ",Ie, but in thi. n.rciot).

I'!.oy ... Iowly.' nc<noary AK
I>t.y on urn ""IllI" R.~ • • lion

All..,. nell bar, tau 1M Moo ow.)' &om Ilw violin and ",1.. " rompkt.ly. Irtheft ;1 any £ttl;", of ........ in .... tw.d ond t."II,mb do 1M .urciK without !he bow. "'hilt .... ,... tile: ,nul! opill., the ,,~. W ith)'(lc1d-dQwn r.....' SUI' in poPtiocl . If" If; ,lower r"'II<' (f",.. }7.), ..nlly 1>oId" ... plac. I• .""", ,,,,,,...1'<1. tho O(fQU; hold In upper finF CF;':. 37b) oo!ho. ;. k.",. lillI. the brid .... K!he spal'c opm bel",.." 1M base <>I.hc thumb and .... fUlt fin .... (Sec Fi,. )2, pqt 89.)

,,,,,,-.nb

11._

Genll'\l' I>oId • ",-, 11"91' ba
GtntIy hold I n u_

In upper li~ "' diff..... , ""III..

p lKl"9 • 10_. I I"I/t< 01 d ltl ...n\ .ngltt

~"d

will ..

Contrary motion • ]n tht follcro."" thrtt cmm:if< .. _

(IU'

any Mn Ib.t .... impoot.ibk to reach if }'Our b.nd ~.Uy is

,im<, in contrary motion, 10 cballF from .,... ~<>"blc IIOP to , 1>< nell'.

KNlI the hond .,ilI ,,"'hik moYin, ,h. fin, .... I

Wh<~

,h., """Ill ,b. bas< join, wide" (F ia. 38) . Ik arcl,,1 nO, ,,, "",in · conlin ..... lly"'lu the hind complete]y, .",.n be"... n th. M" of,... thumb on.d Iho: flr1t (5« ... 32.)

poo,ib]. find th. JlIrt of III"

m. fini'"

r.n~."ip

~

a, lb. b lS< ~,idl. """ nt:YeI" f<>tn. Kttp m. ']>1«

• Widen

r~.

_ "'- ~ " " " _1 of lhe ~'" and _ fl..,.n. ......;"g !he hond 'e> ~n I. IhIINH joInll

'"~

TM ~,.nJP ............., ..........., "'lingers Ie>

"""e... '09Hhe,

E..""l'. ] ]'1nI)' be helpful 10 pllY thi. (ond tho fo]low"" uuciw) pp .' first, 10 ."""""'fI'I llIe hind and rLn~'" 10 be ' .. ry Jo<.e and ... Ju..-d. Thon ploy ........ and .....,... Iolldly, while it«pine !he .."'" rclautlun in tile

........

•

~.

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

1'10)' tho .. ~ Mqumc. ()It 1M O _D and A - I:. .. nnp.

Ld\ Hind

lIS

.,. It.:en:IH 2 A1 .."II IS for widen'na "'e hand, ........Iso • aood eJ«n:1SC for fingeml .... "''''"'' Kftp ..... fmsm .. upro,tll on cho W"I o. P"".ble, 1<1 mok< elK fmacn w"k.uc Ihe " - ioor>l .. much ..

puu"'' .

F.xtrclw 1 •

In each hIr, hold ..... ~ finan d",,;n

I

In Ihe O«Md t., uf each I,no, on",.. boch fin"e" ., 00«, in ronlral')' mocion. All",,' d .. IPlCO bo",,~ Ike bose of ch~ firl' and H«Ind finleR ", O\Wn OJ Ih. fi rl' fingor m....... bid.

wnnen .. ,,·oole.nocts (l<1tI,b""",,) - ..ichoul ooundina II.

Sliding exercise •

Hold d"" ... II>ou, pi_yin, '1, and ,lido .he "'h", fin.",." up.nd .......... Wod"" Ihe fingttl at the hI",,""n •.

• 1M hand m~ .. f..l sof. and ... lanJ ,""'u"'oo, _ do MI 0.... ...,...,.. wilh ..... 1>
For.'" pUl'JlO'l'l or ,ho escrcU.., it the ...".,....""'. is .......... fin"'" poo.ode If ..... "'h<>le-nOle iI • hilM< fin"" , pOIIIK>n il mun: on Ih. ';p' lid< .... 1... cop, ,,"h Ih. oIod,nl f"""" lo""hinl ,... ""onl "'U... "" Ihe kfr . ode,

I 1'o<'1K>n 'he Ihwnb ....,11 fu ...... rd. and

,...ll~

., Ihe 1>0"" joint. Do no,

",~.

I Krtt> .h. 0100-. in ill "".mll pooilion while Ilid'n, Ih. (onger up u. d",,'n - do .... "ihl.h. n U1U.1.

96

Loll Hind

1\0. pull" (Urlh ... ,o

,

•

,

•

Extensions s..hlb_'~ ' 40

• lIold the "'lIol•• n,,,. (t.cm,b~,·.) dOVo"n witho". pJ.yi", it, ond pl.~ only the cigl"l\.n()," (qua,,,..). lfyour hind ;' tOO , m.ll, lcO\'< any bars ,h., . "" lW difficult.u ",.eh. • C"",;nuIUy .. lax the hI nd and n.~ (0":< the mu""Ic... 'iI'h<'" p<»s;blc find 1M par! of ,he finll"n ip !luI ~n' ,h. b • .., ;";nllh. wide' L • K..,p th.o hond .nd fu", .. m in . "nigh' lin •• or .'ightly givina inw.rd, (rig. J9) .

Roat on th. G -D and A- E ",ing$.

"'"PI!.....

Iht wrill .... ' NIIIKH 1M tu<.h 01 H... fingers

II . .... ond IOfftrm In • W"ght line

td\ HInd

97

~Jld positiOn

In low potI.1O)nJ the hand 11M .0 be plx«l dift'mnd, a<:CO
'0

LaortC h .... ott can ~ bilk IUU oble w melt thc. ......... c,"~y. On \he E l uin&, pIKe 1If"lC IutOOs .ilh !he middk joom (.pproJt.lIII.cly) or the rnl rlllJ'!l" rouchOIlS. "..behind, ~ nut (F.. -w.). Small hInds need .0 be bawd mon: '"' .he teeond fInger."';1h the fin. r"'~r rnett,,,, 00wn I 1",1e to ill ""'''''. , rod ~ third ,rod fou.rth (In,,"" r-ea<:hi"l up to the; .... On "'" E tlnlll. ,,1_ ~ hind' hi,her up . "" r,n~rb<>anl thin I'rl<" h,ndl, ..ith , ,moll d ;"tonce bc_n ."" r,N. fin&« ond .he nut (Fia. 4Ob). Touch tk .ide or .he neck "'itlt \he r"'t fi", •• bcN"«n tit. moddl. "';nl . M ,"" haw join. (,pproxi mll: ly). lb rcach the G "';n~ .he hind h•• to bc brouel1l much highe. "'.." the nngerbolnl (\';1'. 4Oc.nd 40<1). It;, im porllnt nOC 10 1••",."" bile joints in I pOSi,,,,,, . ui,.bI. o nly for .he upper tlrinp (Fip. 400 Ind 4Gb). fo."'n, )"<>" ,0 It~eh fu.....,.rd ,,·ltIt.1>o n",c,,'o rueh .he lower • KCqI ,h. fi ........ CIlrv.d and brlnai Ih. t>a .. joinll 01000«'0 "'. k>wI:. -Irina: (F~. >l0c And " Od).

.,i"".

R".., hh., b llCk from .h" fourth flrtJer, I....... handt or $mall. " is ""portan •• h .. you bri .... !he 8"..., "'"" tlw: OOI.n bt JPft"ad"" \he hand _ i.e., widcni", I. tlw: b,a,. joinll ( I:;'. 40.) _ .. the. tItln .. mchq up from • posi ...... only favourin. tIw: fi ... Ii...... (Fil. -101). It is .,.U"<1T1cly bomefiaJl . fo< laflt hindI, to ~ite !No"nl .he ""rod ..mrr& on .be upper Milt'"' Ind "'''''h'''' back .0 the ""'"" _"' ft In ~ foIkN,"'g nom..:..

"'=

Small M"" pooItt.Md tor tIMt G .Iring

Reaching back from the fourth finger At well as helping to reach Nck from
t

If
1WIJ

bif'l are inlpoWble for)'QUr IQo ofhand, aimply II\<)",~ the fmgo •• , fl. II you can.

In each bot bolano< the hand on the fourth fmgot. For >he PUrpo!IC' of the

."",cis<: make .U1'¢ of the

Iollowin.i:: I'lICO

th. fourth Ii"",r more un i" ,ip than i,. pad, kcrping i, in I rounded ,hap.:. II is mosl import.n, or onlli...fthe fourlh flIla.' as yuu lOS. the thi.d finger.

(jft ,hi, .,.e",i.. ) nOt '" ch . nge the .hape

I Reach bock wilh lh. lhird n",", by widenin, "' the bu. jolntl b<;, ...ttn ,h. 'hlrd Ind fourth finIC'" K«I' Ih< ba.. joint "r,he fourth ~ng.r.1oK '0 lhe I~'el of the fingcrboud (or ..... n. littl. below if lbe finc"" On: long). I K«p Ihe thumb OppOSite lb...«>nd finger (nol a, a rule, bu, in lhi, <""rei",) . • K.." the cntin: hand ""fj and relaxed. playing wi,h. loose "ibrat", (n., not cll mp til<: hand against th. should •• of the violin ,)

Also ploy on Ih. 0-0 ond O- A ",;niP.

E...d ... l Hold tile fourlh lingo< do.... n without pl.yinS i1. l'oiition ,h. hand 10 faVQur the fourth linger .

.

~==:::::.

Rh)'lhm variations

Left Ihnd

99

I'~e rd.~

1

D.lane<: 'he hand on the fourth finger I. in 8erci .. 138. Keep i. ~""Ur."cd throughout, wnh the ,ip oflb. fin"" on ,h. ,,"'g not t~ pad. •

In Ihe fort-I M r,
It )"OU

extend back ",nil lb.

• At the end of Ih. fim bar the bal. n"" of the hInd . hl>uld "ill be on the fourth finger, ,,;th I \lido "P''''' between each fonger a. ,h. b ... ioint. K... p Ihi, h. nd ,hape., you play Ih••",ending no'",1n the K'on
AI",

pl.~

on the G-D.nd A- E string<.

E~.r<: h., ~

In t~K Sevcik-type p."etno, hold ,~f"utlh lillier d""'n on 'he mina ,..i,hou, playing i,. Po,ition!ll< hand to r.",Ut the ("urlb fing'" SO Ibl l il ,. e" ""d , ",I""ed and comfortahle.

• The mo.... the rip or the finger ,ouehe. ,h. ming, 'he touchn Ih' . t, ;nll, the Ilnight., it il. Pl.y each bor ir. quarter-notes (crotch,,,j, eigh,h'nu,os

pllying w;,h ,he mc""nomc

trIOtC

eurvcd 'he finS« is; the mo .... of Ibe pN

( qu"v",~j

and ,;. ,o
a, . " 0.0-72.

• At ueh 'I'«d. drop fi'W' ... on '0 ,h • • lring..., /;". ," "",,;/>/t, (.he finger let;"n . hould be/a" rod." ,han h"'''Yj. Uft off II lot" a. I""',;blc. • Wh ......... I""liblc, ligluly h"ld fiJllI"rt

<1",,'1'1

on ,h. " ,in,.

• AI.., play the panern. on th. 0 ''';''3, hokli"3 the fourlh fi"3e< <>n th .. G 'Iring, and ,imilarly OIl .... F. Itnn" hold in, ,h .. fourth fi"ier on 'he A ming. •

1()()

Ld'I Hind

If lite h.nd b:comes toJl.e in ,hi. Or th<: following excrti•., stop and mt. Wh. n beginning .gain, I... !he .troll ogoin" the WIll and ploy wi,hou, 'he ,humb en !he n«k. K.-.p lite litun>b wen forw2r1l ("'he,ht r on (>r off the n«kj , .ppro~im.tcly opl""'i .. th. I«ond finge r.

Sikn'

"'f'd~

,",'i,hou,
00"", !>pring th. flnger> in

time wi
Pu, 'he ring ... of •• eh cho,d on , h. "'in~ on. II I ,;me in ,h. onlcr 4~3 l~ 1

tinic""", <>tI), Posi,ion ,h. h.nd ,0 f.."ur ,h. fourth lin~er, SO ,ha, it i. cu"....J, ",llxed and <'()mfonabl •. Then reKh •• ch I""" , linger hiCk, wlMnlni the hond., the bue join", ' 1 LiShtl)' hold down 'he ..-hole_no,es (.. mib""".) ..-hil. moving eKh finge, in 'urn. M,,,". in qu." ... "",n (croIChe1!), .i&l>,h.no,<:. (quo.,t'r.) .nd .i>ct<:<:nl h·notH (..,miqu".... ), "' "''''''n in ,h. ","mple, .\!""" the finS"ro from thc blI.., joint, no, f",m 'he middle ;O;n •. Keep the back of .h. hand and ro..arm in I "";&1" lin •. Kc
live. buoyant f«linK in
)'QU

ctn, dnpi •• the .wkword I
NOI. pl1tcm.

uf'

~ lond

101

Positioning the ha nd fo r thirds 1'« pia)"ina: tluni<, the hand pot.I",", io bued more on the third and ("Uri" fin,n1 lhan ..w.J, Ih< Iownr"'F" roeh;", boook. I( Ih~ h.olld io hued on tho finl and _ODd f~ i, 10 mot<: ddfJCuI' few ohc UPII<'" fmtm' '" "~", ond tho hand can ~ '(ft~ (Fit. 41). ~111'. 4 1

WhOk b
_~

in

I\'l"Ie"nol. Play !Jowly, without kttJlinl: to Iny Jllfticular pub(.

1

I'I~c

the lhirJ r'"BeI" on the " " ",. l'\)o"i<>n the hand to ",,"Our tbe third n",er.., ,h.t i, i. "",ndc:I .nd r~l.xo:d, without h.vina '" ""'ch up '" the nut~. Keep the .plce "P<'n be' ,,'«n the mol<' "ft h~ th umb and the fin' f'''ie •. (S,.., l'i • . 12, P'ie S9 .)

2 While pl.ying ,he third fma«, ,ilcndy pl~~ the fi"t fin",. (wrilten as on • •nOle) "..i,,",,,, al,...·'" "" 'M,," '" rift ,~;"t fi"l" - pl~ the doubl. Slop _ Ilk. the rn, fi"",r of( &pin. Lhc thin! finpr on ,h. lOring in ... ,..,..n
It.v,,,,

Left Hand

)

" lace ,he r""rth finltt on the Itnn" and 'hen ............ !It<: thinl. Pow,;"",he h.ond ' 0 f""",' t1>c four1II r"'ltt, w tha, the "I' II on tho..nn, Ind t1>c fin&cr is l"OW>ded and ........ ed.

•

Ite_ back ,,;th ohc second r...,.,. .....1t.M <11'""'1 w Uta;>< '" w J-dt fi..- - play tho doubI< .."" _ ,ake ohc _and fincer oIf ......, )c"'; ... the: binh on thor: llri", in ilf rt>UI"Idcd

,

Shir, "I' '0 the new third Ii......, Ind coni",,,,, In me sarno ""1.

r",,.,

"'"p<".

fingered I'rac!~

OC! IVH

f,ng
• Small U' mtdium hand, m.-y no. be' obit 10 keep the founh finSt' rounded, bu, k""p i, OS f(lund<;d .. poo.ibk

""«:

• Keep the >pacc open bo,wcen lh. of 'he thumb and ,h. fi,sl finse, . (5« Fill, 12.) Fo, proo'ic. purpooa, pooilion ,h. thumb well ru.wa.d,., a middle poin, be,w•• n ,ho IWO f"'8e ..,

"'

finger pressure

"""'0$

The bod\' """b a, a whole: 'en,,,,,, in one a",. ,enlion in mh., ateas, If .he fing." and 'humb 0"''1'' <». ' he b .." join,. and the palm of .he hand bC'comc If 'he hand i, the wr;', ,igh'en" If the wriSl tighte", .he upper arm 'ish •• n" if .h" upper a.m 'ightens ,t.:: ned ond .houlders .igh •• n. and 00 on.

'igI"

'iih'

A, \h< (,0i.... Slop \he .. nnll'

• Th •• humb count.r-p ....... . agoin .. 'he neck ofw .iolin a. much a, 0$ pO<Sihl • .

O
bu ... lilli.

• ThtY pms Ih. llrinll jU>I .... 'ugh.o produc<. deln """" withou, p",,,ina furth.r. • The

1>:0.. join.. "'main tel.:«
• The fin, ...."""" .he mini ",main ,el.:«
"Iu"",., sid"".. )" ogoin" each other.

• The wm, rem.in< relaxed.

• The upper .rm d~ no' pull in 'DO for '0 Ih. righl. • The viclin is nUl sQuened 100 hard be,""'"en Ihe ""oulder I nd ,he chin.

Finger independence The lmoun, of . pace be "'''en each fJnl<"" , .. n.. fnom playe' 10 pll)..", ""me hOl'ing cleor .pact be", ...,n Ihrir flngcro, olh .... no, boing obi. '0 .void some touching. \1?h., i. impo,taol;' :h .. the"" II< no ac. i,.. 1id..... Y' prtiSinl .,.inll .nolh~, fin~' •• parI of Moppinll nOl< (Fla, 42.). In W;. "ercise, .lowl~ ,top Ih~ "ri~ " ith ~.ch ['!l3CT in (um, while ehecking oil the 01'ea, mentioned ...,.. rot unn
As if pl.ying ha,monic" plocc .11 ' he fingers lighdy "" 'he . urflU of the ",iog wi!!,oul p1'euing. l Slowl)' pu,h Ihe firsl finge r do".." 10 ,h. fin,.moord, withou, an)' mowment in ooy ,,, he' fing« 0< in the hand '" " .. is., Slow!y "'leo,o lIle ming up 10 Ih. 'hormon!c·le,..1arpin . Mak<: I Llre .he finaer ,hOI ;, pn:"ed down dOfl no, lean .ide,.-a)'$ arpin" ao . djacont fInlle< (Fig. 42b). Do the .. me with each fins'" Ihe olher ,h= fingers olwIY' m,ina lighdy on th" ."in~, Reacl h.rdl~ .1 .11 wilh Ihe thumb II lh. finger Slops the l lrinil. 1'\1), Ihe .. m. patte'n> "" .ach "rin!:, using . lI the

,on~m;'onc

a:wul" gi"e"

t~low.

-"" ............ -... _.............-... -~-

""1" """" "" ..

-.-............. ............. .....,.. I." ....... ~ ... -

"""' .............

Left H and

to}

""11'-' fl
Minimum pressure

r""".

TM . Iah, """",nl of PI""""tf ;, Ih< .am< n..:ry.,.h .. e on .h. r.n~.fbo>Iord: < . .. "'&- ",. kfi hind fcc" the eiw whil. lhe ""nd (""I' lh. ci". or lhe bow. bow ho" and., ......

at,,,,,.,,,,,,

,..,IuUq .... /\

.1Ih'

",. ",nd , an b«_ 1IC If Ih. pb,..,.'. mtntol pt£(U'" .. on" or·dropfll". linll"l • prell the ....... .., .h" r...",lbcard' . It may be Ill.. tM , .."" d..... """'" t/".c r...sat-rd, C>JK"C,011y in ..... poMl_ or ;t m.1 nOli 00: II>< maIn sen..""" ,""oold .. ma,n onc of playing on Iht 'bounc' __ ' of 'M strinv;. "'" r.~ 'bmdinf the .. . m, luOi cno.,.tl for tM _ . H, "",nd pmpHly.

Exen:i.., I 1 ' )fop 'ht r.",CT qui<:lw not Slop i, more llIan ll1i>.

frac:,"""

I~ .)· f ,hruugl-.ou" n"", 10 II>< brid;
''''''i .. ,d.....-d

C"mpl",dy ",lox !he b.." loin" ~nd .h e Ihumb durilljj the opcn "n"i, Ind •• 'he ,,, 'h" h"""",i<:. Kup lila, .-.iaxQ'"", u, rho fi"l'" "'" b«1r """"" i~,o ,ht ",i"" ' 0 II,,,, 'ho _ . I\lw play on

.• OIh •• 'tnnr, U,inl Lhe <
t~

Alte.nl ti....

• Drop ,I>< fu"", qUN:llly and "",Ily ,,, play Ihc ""'monk.' I1Im m.,lnlly "Of' tM lIri,. jusl''''''''''' to play Ihc .,0flPC'd ""'c. IftIml fot d.. uac< omoun. or","""" ntcdord Kcq) tl>< hand and f..... • , ",Iaoed ...hm pla)in& Ihc .,opped Il0l'' .. " 'hm pla)"l'" "'" "'nnor,,~.

'

......

_ ....

,_"",""'lO .... _ ........ 0 ... C ................ .. ", . .. , . . . . lot

5000" ""_,,

104

Loft "and

'"

I'

!'«>I>
Qu.rtCTpra.

Halfp","

Thl'ft"'!u.rt... preu

_nd..,.,

but .binp h""l ly loucbin. ~nr<»rd

Play jJ', but with the left fing.,., only ju", tQu<:hing tho .urface or !he "ring. ~ sound pnxlucro will be

!"""thy and d;"""cd.

1 ""oping Ih, 1><>,,' he~,'Y, pl~y 'he lamo nutot aga'n whllo pu.hing the .' ring. quart . .... "'... y down, K«p til<: loft hand.nd f"""rs curnplc... I)· loose (Ooppy), I Aiwt)1 playing h ••vily with the bQv,', p .. ,h 'he r,ng .... halfway down. The I. the f.ng.... gel firmer.

,,,n~

"ill V.oduilly Imp,..,...,

• ""Ill the fina«1lhr •• .qu.""fI d",,'n. S Fin.H)"I=>' the lingon d",," ju" enough to 0101' the ""te 1""'1"',1)'. It rna)' be thot the

I",,,

!h., al,hough the podolOuch the fing.rn....rd, Ihe "ring i,..,lfdoeo not ,

p~.ur.

i, $0

Play ,lmil.r nut<. (.",iding ".tunol h"-nlOlliQ) un """h ",il\ll, In lUI", middle and hish I"'"il;o"" AI", pl.y double '101>1.

Proct;" method Ap:>d practice method i. to .ppJ)" the ,,,,,,,,;'e to pice,,", although n ...., ... lIy 'he ",und produced;" h.rsh IIOil "-hiltli,,,. Play ",hulc pona,," _ or ....·~n ",hoi. """"monll _ ",i,h 'he rll\lI<" jUll "'''''hinS 'he .un.", of 'he >lnnp, thon pu'hi11$: "'e . lring a qu • .,e,..."..yd"".", lind so on.

Releasing between notes To ...,,,d 'cnsion, "'ere mu.t 01",.)"0 be o. mony the hond to ",I. .", in bct-won not ...

as "'ere ore

""""ul~r

",rim". Thi. o""rei",

,h.

!'lay , hrough ,~~ ,,'hole lequon", a. wrilten. During harmonic, "'lox the bu: join" Ind ,humb Iocop th< f',cling of reluation .s the :>Ow frnllC< i. dropl"--d on to the .lring. K«p the fi ng", that pla)"d tile barn'"nic ""ling lightly on tht . ,rinll. I R<1,.. t tho

~qu."".

I Rtptat with •

• Rope., Ib< ..

"ith

~

li.,• ."th·no.. (Jem;qu .....) h. rmonic.

thirl)'-f«ond '''OI~ (e~mi $<miqu ....,,) harmuni~,

qu~ncc

","'ou\ harmonic., "ith the ,arne f,'ding of ",k... "Do:1"'e
.'=60

l~ft

Hind

To ploy. doub_~ 1101"\ th~ •• ~ ..,lurM'" .in&!_ "or. the bow ,,-eight ho, to be much hea';" •. ' SUI th.1lniCf pm..,re ....,tkd to IlOp _h win. ;. the ... me .. IQr , linP< .top. ""'"on. tOO han! ";111 the (on"", In dooblc: II""" II , common callW: or ,.nlion. Althrugh. "'" bow .. h... '.... , "'" (on"", 1 1 _ ~ ItIinJt mllit rmwn !igllt. To lighlrn lhe hand in doohl~ IIOIl'. pnctfte th~ plUl~ " fol"""':

",Co.", ~"' U' UPI><' ""'••a.", ' ''; "~, .

,

~., "I.. ,. upper """ .11

","y.h< pll"~

""h both filii<''''' on ''''' >innp. buI bow only 11\0 """",,.,,nn• .

Ploy lo..dJ)' and "".vily wilb Ihe bow bu. ~P lb. loft hI nd '..,.y IiChl, otoppi"ll "'" min" ill" ~ '0 mIke tho I""" • •orinC ,~.k. U .. "'" Ii"",,,, 100 Ij",~y WI th.y do 001 make ''''' ,,';1Ip louch \lit fI~rbo&rd. ml Ih. lithm.,. and I""",,,,"" of "'" fin&tt ~d Ilan(!, On _,ruIIO the h,...,..... 01

1 l

...... Rq>t." 00..""

only lhe UPI>". minc.

Play bo.h mingo lo,."'er, bow,n, (he """"•• ttinl h.~ily and th. uppe. >lrin. lightly. 1<<<'1' b<>d! fin~" w.y ~ghl on th •• "ina, helped by lhe l'&h' ..... uf the bow "" """ uppn

• Rq>c." b<M~ the upper ''''''I ""..·ily and the .....'" ,Iri", 1.,tt,Iy.

"",,*"

S !'loy boll! Ilr,nlP l<'ie.her ~Ullly. U"" the u me he"w.. ,I' the b(w,. I , bef,,", "'lIiell",,... (10ft rIOt ."" ", ." ..... U."".d b
Finger action

About moving fingers from the base joint Finil<", •• m• • nd!cp. 1I h .... . . im,I •• d.,iln In 'h ll'~ au hi ... 'hree mlin 'I."u'. In cocb 1M IIf'P<" Icwr .. thr """'p"I I nti doe ......... Ic\'" the _okelt,

n.. foJ""""", PO"''' 'O"",ly C
'._"'__ ... _. ... ......... _ .....

n.. ..ronant Ieooon of lhe arm. and "''' .tt the "PI'" .nn and UPJI<'" k1;. In the ~ Imni. thnc

,....'--~~ n .... ".._

Ill! not Irft doe from the ."in8' pllil th.m back from Ih~ bnc jotnl! .... ilhom chl nginlllhcer !J1~pe, To >
...... -.

._... _......... -~-

""---

........ ~-................

106

!..tfl Hand

Ic\".. pn1
"'e fina.' . TrrU>I to """"k L'" nn,.rs from "'" middlt iou>l (the ' elbow' of I.... (.,..,..), or droppo ... doem po.l1y '" moIi'" the ,,'bole hand from the "Ttl., badly toduces .... of """......n' Ind II • "'"it>< "'uU nilmlioa.

(In,.,..,

"',tho,,,

Three warm-up exercises Ex....,I.., !

Hold the left h.nd in front of )"(I~ in Ihe ,h.pc ~f a l<><»ely held fist _ palm fod~ (Q th. right, fing... touehlng together and rounded in their n.tur.l lh.pe. The h2ck of tho hand, ond the fO«'rm, IhQuld form I ma;gl" lin. (Fig. 43a).

I S\kl.knl}· pull .he flngen b.tck to 111. p"'I'k>n , h",,'n in I'ig. 4)b. K«p the f,nj:t11

cu,,~.

I Hold thi. po.ition br;'fly and then pmh forwud . uddenly back to the .. orting position (Fig. 43a). )

~·al.

a•• in f",. ""l"'en, and then pull blck .... in. ikpca'

1It,·....l'i"',,'.

!'ull b>Von the fioaen m<'WI: keep the 'pice opcn I><:t"'"en the ba,e or the thumb and the filll finge',

E"erd " I • Hold 'h"'" Ftng.:r> down on tlte Ii ming,.nd pluck the G and l) mingo with 'he t'<:m.ining finger. Keep the forc.rm and tbe back of the hand in a ...... ight line, without . tidinll :h. wr;,t ou, .

•

Plu~k

loudl\', pulling the ling..,.

b~ck

from Ihe b~~ joinl ~Ifall a/ p,mibit.

• Pluck in on ..... n rhythm : pl.ce 'he finger on the ming - .... It - pluck - wal l _ pla«, ~'c.

,

_h - pl • ..,

WIIIt - pl""k

.

a

Left lI.nd

107

I:.erd.., } Pile. "'" p>.IDl "f tho kf. h.nd Ha, og.1 in" ,h. >huuldor ofth. ,;.,lin (Fi,.H).

,

Pluck tho optn H .. ring luudly wi,h one fing.r ., . time, pullins t.h~ Flng" bK~ 01 fOil i> p!»lible. M ol''' the lin~ rh}Vlmkally: 1'11« ,h. fi n,"r - pl""k-plac.-pl""k, el~.

1 lOp the fing.r up ond down on Ih< E '''ing, lightly.nd quicl1~. Tap rh)1hmiclllr in ""ups of fou,., mOliina the fin~ .. 'd",,'11_ d""·n_d",,·n-d,,.,n', not ·up- ur-up- up'. Tho h and will ""cd to be posilioned ditTerenlly f()( each fmger, 10 th .. II nch .. used i'l bu. joinl cln sil jUil ot>
M",.. ,ach finger from the bou join, ""Iy, k«pini 'he palm of the h. nd n., "pinll !h. , houldu of the violin. The hi nd ","uld n(), m",~ .t .11, ''''ring relaxed .nd 'till .

Silent tapping T.pping .xeroi.... • .ro for Ihe left hand the cqui,.. k n' of ,on. prodUC1;"n , .. rd= fot the ~t. TOil< production <.<eroOO '"' One In: wi,hout .n !h_ facton of playing _ in',",lImn, m)'liIm, C
""I<

",1>eT

COI'lC''''nI'. C<mC""""'.

Finger " tlon •

Tap 'dowrHi""n-down-down', JO that )'Ou con hcar th. ".,.;,,,,,, pitohes •• tho fing.r hi" the SIring. ('Up up- ur-up' JOund! the opon lI,in8, ,,'hi(he,'.r fin,.r is uKd.)

•

Roth.r thtn 'thudding' the finge .. hard on to llIe f~d, fo
•

Pulling til<: r,nger bock from

,h. milli, keep ,h...me ru,..,.. thaI the rolliCf hod,", Ihe Itring.

• MOIl< the finger from !h. b ... join" no, from Iht h.nd. Iooepini Ihe hand .. ill. Th cho
ill" 1><1",," !h. b.a •• loin. of !h. fing<' !h.. is mooing, and the fint fingcr 1><10.... ,he knuekk on tho: olher l id. (Fia:. ~S ).

FI,.

~!

Elbow.nd M nd position I! OIrlnB Pl""" ,h. elbow

m,,~.o

the Idl.

a...

join.. lo",..r, n..... ' ,h. 1.....1 of the finsorboord. (Sa: Fii<. 40. and 4t)b, pqe 98.)

G " rln,

~ the db"", "'" ... lo!h_ righ,.

B•• , ioin.! highu. (See Fip. 40< and 40<1.) In I....... J>OIi li~nl Mlny mini, lili\llll}' touch .he n«:k ,,'ilh 'he lid. of'he fin, finger. Thumb Kcop the thu",b I<>os<:, ",laRd . nd unin"'l .... d. Plac. " more forward ,han u, ual (opproxima .. ly 'i,c Ihe IIc ,.;lhou. ,h. 'humb ,ou
"."It,

• \00 .... , ... ,'"""

-~ _" 1<9'<_ "\1 ~"-

_

W_ ...

"""""" '''.1

Tempo

J..

Begin •• • medium 'pud, 60-66, ond "fork up to So-92. A' 1,,«d. ke0p'M fin!!,,, <1"'0 '" 'he min",.

f."

Eurdoc: I (T'oPl'on~

the rongon ",;,hou, !hc b"w)

KO<'p tho hand in on. positK)n and unly a
;jl

•

Eu",I.., l

a. Squa,. lin""

~"Ex'ended

flng",

'100-.._

,, _ _ " J

Left Ib nd

109

t'.n",l .. )

,""",p tho hind;'" h . pot.'';on,..-\nll DrIly .he fing......." tho no,,,, in 2nd pot.i.ion .

ExerclH

~

K«p .h" hind ,n III pooilion, m(Winll onl~ Ihe fingers

t" tho

no"" in 2nd "",,,ion.

,,

Letl Hind

1 t

I I

Fing.' 0<1,,,,, F.....beS

l.dt Hand

111

e

Si.lh~

(I

112

Octaves

1.0;[1 Hand

[ : Squa", f,nger ¢. EXI<'ndcd flng<':' The term. ',qua",' an d 'ex'ended' de""ibe ,ho lIhap<' of 'he fingtl when i, is placed On the . ,ring.' Fill. 46. $how~ .he "'I".re sh.pe (tce<md fingtr C\ on 'he A mini!. 'noe Ingle bttv.'t $hows rhe ex,ended ~,pc: (lCc,md finger Clj ,n.e finger i. now .... ish'e' ftt:om .he n.il joint 10 tho middk ioin, (,hough "ill eu,,'Od).

Th '
I'll"'''' from square

(ZJ ) 10 ~'1
Dut\ni the .i••ctn!h·not", (Kmiqu.~,*) G - A (bar 2) the woonJ finSer mo'.... b.ac~ to .h. ,,>
' qu". shap"

d. F.tudc,op. 20, no.)

~-

•

•

In F",amplc 2, the .econd and third finllen I'llU\'C from '
In Ilumple 3, the firs, r",ger changz:. frequently f.om $qu .... '" eXTended, the hand st.\·;ng in one p>liuon. If,h. hand ·, hif..· d"wn "f !he "Iu .. e finll'l'$, ,he not .. that foil"", them ••e likcl y ' 0 be too

"'..,y

n...

'Hoo l ~m')

&l.)

"..,

._

....H,,,,.......,,," , ......on

..

----.... .., -........... '-.-~ ... ~OO"_

.... '" 0 ""'" ...

.. 1...,..,_ ....

~

r_

'0<,, """ v.... . ""...... _ """'""" _ , u... "",.'"

<;> , ...... "'" "","",

_

,.

....~-bOlo
~

oI_~_

• In !he following ueT't'isn, ~

..,f,.

.... ""'S'(Now ......

>Mll. "

uf. B.nd

113-

o

llJrcKIM I

nu. ex<'friIc '''''gga''II,n the eM"", from ""..."' ... atondc niH .. M the f"'ltt" bt"."ttfI ........) •

1«:1<.... Mt.o""" thc no",. '" minomiH 1M ..... nd '" oW"".

• • l'l.y .b. "'m~ ""que...:, un ..ell

.t"",. Aloo pl.y it onc OCII"" hlJh•• 011 ••eh "rinl.

J'" "e ..d.c 1

I"~

l.diH and

•

lb... 1-6; k..,p ' he hind "iIl, ",..in8 II on ,he f",.., th .. pial'" the: ocwnd Ind foytl" no, ... MIM ohr <>th.". finl<" from IqUlre ,<> u.cnded.

•

Ib .. 7 12: t ••1 .he h.nd potltion on IlN: fi"i<'" 1i"F'" d""u),....,...". only tIM: <>Ibn' Conser. n<>t 1M hand.

""''''&

th., pl.)" ,he lin, ,l1li thinl "",eo (hold m.

En ... I.., J

Ke
"nd move only ,I>< finge rs.

I'bj. the .. m~ .. quence on 'he G - D .nd A E >InnS'.

E..... I . ~ 4 Kttp the hond .,i11 and mo,.. OtIly ,I>< fln,ers.

Left Hond

... . . ~

otn.t h

~.

erti_

1M
pnc1is&nc ""u~ IUId ""Ioondtd >h.pes, '

Overla pping

Holding fingers down

In In II«nd..., _10: (for '.Implc). """"'"I frum the fuunII fi""" In 'he fi .., r"'8~t. hold the f"".!h fI.., .. down until """ !he fon! fin",. nolo 1><.";1\'. Ow. fin",. rnmbmlUonl; _ ill the "mt ..~.

Simit • • !O fing« prep, ..,;"".' .his is anu.ht. key n Ih. """'" llrinlL, .nd !hen 1'[lInll .M la.. f",&<,' ,,8"
,.."

oc'"""

Viol .. c-cmu III G, K21b, ...... 1 .,~

Enn;:iK I

"""'''iii,

" ' " ••• rt;"" "'"' urly finec Cf"01.tinll .... h.ld do"",, I~c'her lib: . dooNe . 1op. •

",.,.

....

116

-'.

~

.....

Lefi H ond

fluid down .he fi11I1<" "llyi", ,h. IOCtlnd no,. of oKh 1». (i .... ,h. 0010 befo ... ,h. >!rin, unlillllt bqinning Mth. fiflh "r
be.,

'1"011''''Ii,

• Sil.nlly "I.", Ih. ne .. finse. un 'he (n".,) m;", .arly, (,on !he thin! bea! IIf tach ba •. Thll ' prepared' finl<' is rnukl:d at 'n .'nole.

,

,

Id\tfn, ti ...

In>t,id of likn!ly holding ,h~ fingt"rs d""n, p l .~· them .s double stops. The nem..,

&orci.. 2 Hok! tho ruurlh

r."""

d",,"n

o. ",.rked.

I..cft Hond

I !7

Holding down the fir5t finger In dose<:ndinS ",.1.., and uthor scale-I)'PC pa$$lgc<, the: hand (ano.l thcld~r~ the ;n,onation) may l>< mo,.., stable if r<>u k""p the firs, finser on the .,ring for. few nOl ... whil. 'he other fing«' continue d<w... the ",ale,

•

-

Son... in G, OfI. 78. """,. J

The ox.rd ... ""qsc""e ,h. overbpptng by holo.ling the fin.gcn dIM" for longt'r than in normal pl~'l/II. I",• ..,ll e I

K'
ljghd~

hc:ld do-o.'n on 'he string throughou, .

• ulD G

u..• ..,l... 2 • K«p the frs, finger li*",I)' hold d",,'n un th. >1rinll ,hrout>/tout . • A, ' ex,.no. baek ,",'j,h ,h. firs, finger ,,'bile plo),inS the fourth f,,,,,,., and thon I., the h.nd followilllo Ih. neW ""ition. D
118

Lef, Hand

r.,..,

r... In lr.ing 'he bu"" of the and thumb Ngcthcr whilo ex •• nding ,h. fint finlle' back: Iocep 'he .pace op1.1,,"<'" the .hum' and f,l'>' finger.

S"O~I,

Fast fingers

hom mer-like r.".a IItlion i, ",melim.. n«
f".

c."" a.ti<:uIOlion, b UI in ie"e",1 U$< i, mlkei ,h. r.".C1'l he • ." and " Ium,y. Wh .. Os impat,.n, k tho ,pad of tho r",S.' lit........

SQrnnim.. r."..... hive '0 ....,..., oJ ....·Iy, bu, ,ho.. I •• ,,..., ...""'. " 'by fl" r.~I"'" I .. oI\en Fnt., Iho; Ioude. tho ,>o/wne, the WKk. the, min, ,ibtateo; the, ,,1dcr the .lring ¥ibn,n, the f.lIa the

"""""'1.

,..,. ... u.. drop on '" the "".... $ocond, fOl' P"'OIid /td >hDtr f. .. fUlJl""'."" (.".r . ron,.. d""l" on '0' _c, tho I., .. the dtor\I"'1 can So • 1'....11 •• pl&yflI ,.·i\h ·l.,c· finlO'" 111 droppinll ",.~ qu;"kIy '11 !he I... poIIibl< momont', f«l. oJ""". thin whon plJ.ycI"'."'U>'inlt Hn,e .., bc
iI.".

f."

""h

i,.

About tIm ing lifting and d ropping To play rhyttunicaUy .,,_Iy, you hive

:0 . .,'"

Ind drop ,he rill""

' ' ' ' 'I0(Il.

r'

."....,1. ' . n .... lhe r. ..... m",'n , ......r\h the """" .nd then the ...,.. ""'. II pIa}-..d. UftIq • fl n,.,r : the new noIc .. plly;d .. ,he fmccr "--n '"""Y from the "tina. n.tdon: the rlR".' mu", boiin '0 d"" kJ.wr lhe .......· Il0l. il.."qu;ro:d,lnd m"" h lIf,t
",,,,,,,,n'

s,..ophoo.e ~.op . 21, """'. 1

"'>n.

Tho d,if.r
'OM,

PrKtiut IMthod A..,p. prK'Iicc ,«hniq..., 10 cqII.lise notco lhol .drop out" Os 10 pity \hem IoJIcn and loIo
Left Hand

119

Lift-off

CD

Exercise 1

• T" plo.y ,h. up-bows, u"" . '~r .h"" .pitt'I" """ 10 the left_h.nd peaio'l<>. •

"'e polll! . Malr..: th. "rqk.. MlUn~ " mil.. w

l'or the "ur~. of thc • • .roo<, pluck " ling only ,h. fir.""., pulling il hick from ,h. blSt joint ....ith no ....nd

m~",cnl .

• Tempo: olow, "",dium and

f."

lI..pe" the .. me r>ucrn on ,h. G . tr;n¥. I'o,;j ,i
Hlc"rcl o.e Z Lif,;na off f'"", high po. i.ion, 10 the

"P<" "ring need . the f."." fing"r ' Cli<.>1l h> ."'k1 -fud in "'"

•.,,,1><1 I I Ihe fin~cr 10"," ,h. 11ring. h it polOll1l. 10 .,,,id 'f","' by hf.ing ,h.

fing., w;lh • , Iilhl p1udirc m,,,,,,,,,,nl (.. in 0:<:110 pl.yin~ ), but !he pOint of the Cll<"'~ i, '0 lift ,he finger a. I'o..;bl. witho... "Iuduna, and Uten to ",. rho •• ",e lifH'ff ipocd in .h. lo..~r politi"" . •

1'1')' <,rong', near thc

bfld~:

the louder

th ~

f." "'

,,,Iurne, th. f ••ter the finge r h .. ro lif,.

'>PC"

."ing. ' p". k, irnrn«!iat.ly. Rcrn • .,b« • In the high "",it ion, lift the f,naer '"try f." ", thatthc the feeling of th. fl" lifH'Il", Ind then usc ,h •• orn. lif,-<,IT ' p".d in Ii... t PI" it;on. • To make th,' cIlCmsc ... elTe""t"· ••• poo';bl<, lift the fingers ,,,
,w

,-. ·....1: . ~

urI I'bnd

....:. .1 '

J;.

,id''''')"1 plll
Gr.ldu.lUy incrusing sfMH Eurtbc I Tho ~ \lIe..nn, vibnt"l (i.e., II>< Ioudtt II>< WJIum.), "'" fWoC1 ""'.....,.... """" lO . oud! \W 1«.... the ........

• B
",i.in8 L'u r"'8<<1 .""'·11·

;~IS"

_it Ie. . ~nJ IootXf'" ""fore dr-oppina 0' ni.ina, ".•.".-ina the fl",.., fl$l"

and falle •.

• WIll,.....,. tIM! dynamic or.pted of finac' m............ n', tho ..,und ohould oIwa)" "" PUK, w"hou, Iny 'fw::I' II Ihe r...,... ,ouch .. Of klO"n ,he linn,. PlI)'", ~ or Jf, I"'m to \he 'pi",. II the Ii",• • io d~ or noiKd.

Sec ....... 1 fOf. deocnption n(", ..... ndpoin ...

Eunloe 1 Play with ,It<: """ronom<: a, .1• flO '0 mike lure Ih., only lhe IP<-~ of the fillF' dl.n .... np
I

I~_!he

dolO.., ..,

finFr ""","",,""I

littl< by

~"k

10 ,IuIt, aft ... dropp:na:

\W

IdUn,,)'O\I .... n

Ionacr ond Ionia" lOr the rou' be.,.".., punt)' of ,he ....," " ,U p-adually impro¥o . J f"lnllIy play ,,;lh Iud! • fl" f",ac' ..-"".,.", lhlt lhe r", ... is .... tionary mos, of .... time - cilh ... up ..,d " .. i,ina ,0 JO down, or d....... Ind ...."i"' .o I" up. 'iI'.I1. Ii

IInp._

W... \oft&« b<-fotc ---... .. 1iMna.

_111m _

....

f......

Slow tempo, fast flng.rs F_nrdw I • I'll)' f MU "'" •

brid(IC

willll . ... 'IiMd, CWft

,,,,,~.

Moo"C" Ill' 6n~rll5l.u1 and as ""~ IS poHibk, "Itik: pll)"" at

• ElIch note obouId "." ,mh . 'pina:' ., \he lioscr OS !bopped ... ua1 50 Ill .. iii<: ~""" II .. '0 """" .....-y r.... •

Uoc: "'",,010 b<:N... 50 "'., "'. bow.".0<1 it

""y

r.." m.l
Of

.IK<

"'"try lIow Int"lpo.

n'~.

!..ill .h. fin .... 1Ii&h
"nlli ";bn••

I . wid.'y ", ~,

• Ploce "'" ""'.. , ling
rt.r "'" ..me wquoence on .KII "flng. "'Ktk. method PI.y

Ihrouch

.nd

any n>O
It

I .....,. $low ...... po, nik

limn, !he lingcn .....,. qukldy. '«'I;' "n.~ the 10M pOIoiibl< momon. hc1_ ......i"l ...... lin,," . I "'" fi~ OIill fur 10 """ "'., ...'I;,;nl ,..... ~ _1(1 C1l1K tho rIO .. ' 0 be laic; ,lien lif' Of drop . ""...,."Iy qukkly. (Finlff' ,h., .... pr-.pa!"Cd on ,I>< .tnna , """Id •• m be plKtd ..ilia ,hln d"'f'l'Cd fo".)

~'"

"'\\111.

""'u~i5e :

'10

In ,hil "" .... .he ',.",p'" of the Iin,c .. il .Iow bee."",, Ihe)" move <ml)" on ..eh be., ; but the Ipc«i d ,h. lingo, mO\"('",.ml, I'rom on" ~i, of 11<)1,.. to lnolh.f, h .. '0 be ,.., ,0 co-vrdinll. w"h the "",""

II /'lay II, fat' 1\ ",,"illl••" ,h., lh. lin", .. 1Ia\" to m~ w ry quickly 10 '" H, th.ir ..... in Ii..... S .. n., 1> II 92 . /ttpoll ,he ."',""M II .~ II 120, and th
pol'' ' ' '

..,,,nd.

II ""I"bcft Ihould be DO ...In " 'hm chan,,,,, Ii........ M ..... 50 quickly \hi, ( I) th< optn wiop I ............ KPUChcd II)" \he Ikrw. and (2) m~Ic •• ly ... 'oppod

"""1-

Fur
•

'htm f,"er.nd f .......

-,.

' loo ' " , _ _

AAo play on ,II. 0 - 0 aod O- A miniS. ~5y V~.ialioo

lkJ,n

a, lo .. 92 . RcJl
144.

•

Difli
Plo« oil. I""". n01~ of ..,,1\ pair on ,I>< 0 slrin • • l'loy nnly On. lin. al. lime, the bonum. &"ou~!h" fo ng.. lUI, so for to ''''I'd. ;, h~,.o m.,.." .'"tn r..,cr:

r. ...1 ,h. l<>P lin. and oII.n

AIoo pl.y on oIIe G and A ... rings.

Left H""d

123

•

I ;":~ rd. ~

3

Pl. y v~r y fa" ,""",10<, >t"pping on. sbarply .o<~ nlru t<' the bow pL>)I> i(.

be''''''

Ikg;n eaclt b. r

,,~·bow

as ""II IS d",,-n·bow.

J =66

f ingering s

Pl'y On • ..,It "ring.

•

Difficult yu l.,lon

Pl. "" 'he upper fonger of el ch pair on the G "'in~ "ilh"". ploy;n!l it (wriucn., x-nn .... ). I' loy 'he "'P line only, hold."! ,h. finle. on .he G "ring until the in...", Ir il n«d«l en the A I tri", . IkC>l u~ lho f",g •• Ita. Ii<> for 10 WI'''), it has '" m~ ~~n r."cr:

AI", plly u,in. 'he E and

•

n 111'"11'1.

Rhythms • 1'1.y the rhylhm, cnctl)', with po:rfc« bow and fing<:r ro-ordinOlion. Play the ,hi"Y-K«Ind·"",.. (dcmi .. miqu,",,,,,) de .. )y. •

Dl"Oppln, tin","

To fOr<:<: the fa"" .. , finger .petd, keep the fi~1"$ I lighd~ h;gh.cr ,lun u,u.1 before dropping. Drop lOt 'he "'It pOUibl. momell1 before 'he bow rn"''''' _ do not ,I><; (Ulger, "Ur co !h. min" ready to pl.), (no. .. . rule, but in this • • • ",i",).

low,.

•

U l\inM t1ng~ ...

1"13« th. ne", ling« on the J!ring undern.. th II
ur, Hind

w.i, until the 10" f*Jibl< mom<", '" plo« "'" In r,"II<"

Da""'" the IIw CUffioc1 brlow, pt.y the rou.th ftnlft" INlIt of ElterciK 196. Also pl.y _In, arpcaJDO 00><1 broketI tntt .....10 ....'" ....Iy tho

r"",th finJt'. (El«rcion 21 1_ ) ).

Uoin, the fourth fml
• Koq> the 'pa« "PI'" bo."ttn th~ ba~ uf the thumb .nd ,ho! r.rt' (milt' (~ th~ thumb OI'poIht 'he fin, lina«, '" br",....., the Ii... . nd .erond).

• M...... ,h. flnllot "I' and down from ,he • Kcq>.

ba,. joIn,. w,th",,, in,,,lvin, ,h. h. nd .

",,/ill, lin. from tho .Ibow '0 tho block of the hind .

I Drop Ind 11ft 'ht flnll"'" 1110 Ind

It quickly .. pouibl • .

I Iflh. fourth Ii",... cotlal'Rl at it> middle join" ploy _

on the ' ip oflh. ro~.th fmgcr than the

~.

"''''"' ""'..... I.e.,.. oul on)' W<1cm in th..., .»tTCioH t""t I .....nuiMly too dil'lkult fOl' )'Ou. ""n
....,. CIMS )'W (an usily inl'1tlS< the d im""" tho fUllff Ctln _ h by kftping It>< Iwtd, tin&f< ,lid tIlwnb ",\ltdr Ioooc, opmina; tl>c hand .. the fin, and $Orond r....... and Irid
To opm 'IK b_ jom" wid ... be .......... the !hin! 000 IOunh lin ...... ploy 'IK ,hin! fill&"" "i&lnly morr ... the "'" Ude of ' he flf'l&ertip, ond the fourth finJ<:" IJithtly ........ Of! the riP' side 0( 'IK tip. In other ...,...tl. ,ilt the third ftn ... sliShtly mo", ,,,,,..nl. !h. Kl'<)U, Ind th< fou rth fmgtt Iltghtly ""'''' 1<>ward. thr bridl •. Ploy the ext"';'" ' ''' each

'''' ''ll.

l.efl H ttnd

li.o:erdte I • Uold the ,hird finger d"",." through"",_ K.. p ,h. (,," flOger "'''Ul8 lightly on the .
Mo". ,h. fourlh ling... n'irel~ on i" own, from the bile ''''nl. Do nn, yse 'he h.nd 'ht finger.

10

move

• To Open 'he bu~ joints wider, pl~)' 'he 'hird finlle' .Iiihd~ more on ,h. left 'ide of ,h. fi",rn'p,.nd th. [ourlh finger ,lightly m",~ on 'he righ' .id. of ,he ,ir.

Ex..",,,,, 2

• To opcn tho base joints wider, pl.y the ,hird flng« slighdy m= on theld, , ide of the f,,,,e"ip, and the fourlh finger . ligh,ly more on 'he righ, lide u(,he ,iI', •

SU'Ulin the whole-no,,, (<<mib"'''e) while pludun& wi,h th. ["urlb [Ulger.

'h" [UI,"'

a,

• Pluck loudly, ,,, c~crcise 1$ much pouible, • Keep the h.nd. thumb .nd ",I'i" "ill and ",I.x.d whil. usi", the fourth flnger. Keep 'he flr,,1 fin"" ...,ina lighdy on ,It<, otl'in& (.ho",n by the nOl •• in brack,,) .

126

u(,

lIand

E""""I.., 3 • Play loudly to <x
fin~r.,

much a. pos.ible.

• To <:>JI<'n 'h~ bu" ioi ... " wider, ~!.y lh. 'hird finger $Iightl)' mo", the fo urth finger slightly mO" en the nih, .id< of the tip.

()
tho kfl $ido oflhe fingmip, ."d

• Hold the ,hird fin"" down th",ughuul. Keep rhe first finaer te$.ina lightly on the mini (ohown by .he no... in b!"lOCn..). • I\Iso play on the G--D and the D _I\ S(J"ing>.

1i.I«""I.., 4 • Hold do...n ,he firs. and o«ond fins ..... on .he $Irina " long a, pos,ible. Hold tho 'hird fin&"r do... n " hUe playil\£ the fourth fins", • R;!.isc ond d",,, ' he fourth fingc:

I.I~I<

and U quickly u possible, mO\;ng from 'he loiS<: join •.

• aefore lifting lh. fourth fin8dottle., h. Thi, applies to the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th not .. of nch !>ar. • !i.ton to the ' pins'.' the ftnll'" It'""" or I..' .... Ihe mina.

Rhythm variation.

PLay the .. mo '«Iuon« on 'he other mings " a"ing in I.. position.

Left Hand

1l.H ..doc S

• Hold !he Ii... linltt dolo" Ihroua:t>uu< • • Whe"",..". roaible, hold d...." ,hot Io«UIId Ii"..,.

PI.,. !he..",. . cqucnce on !he OIho:r..uinp in 7111, 4111 and lit poIi""" ..

10 many <• ..,. i!;' eu i« for the bow to bo ...dno play. no!. than i! i. for the lofl hand fingo .. 10 tx "'3d), on the .Irina;. T"c r."",,, may noed \0
',,1m 'm.

n.: loft hond fing ... mu", llwa)l1l10l
hllf_

"Tiol.

Eithor th" finge, hos found the .. rina tOO I.t., and the bow ha-o .I",.dy begun to move ",ithout the finaer ~orping Ih. no!. pro~r1y - or il lift. ofT!CO II,., and Ih" "txt bow we, noIe . Th_ IW<> e>.en:i"", WOfk /rom the ""pooi!< extreme by ml~ the fing.,", \00 early. A Wopl. w'y to demooSt"',e perf«;1 <<>-<>rdination i. 1<, pl.y pizzic.,,,, the , i, is obvioul. In the follow;n, • •• mpl. Ii", pl.y p~zi<:ato, and !h<:n bow will\ the .. me t;mini's ",hon plucl
Violin C<.o>otrtO In

I), <>p.

61, IIWY. r

Fingen ' leading' £.orciN 1 • Suot. in .he lirs. note of each bar """nly and solidly, stopping th< bow .uddo:nly on the second beo<. the bow On Ihe "trinS wilhoul ligh,eninl Ihe p.essu,.., .

I.""..

• On the third beat, place the new finB'" on the ming silcntly

(,..rit\~n ~s

'n K-n<>tc).

• PI, y the wh<>1e ..,quen"" .hrough " ith Ih" mo""nom •• t . " 100, then , ,,,du. ll), .p......d up.o 200, or (..Ier. At c. ch "'o!ronome ' peed rep'" •• eh b.. ""'C!'lIII;m'"I. Enmp1e (b.rs 5 ond 6 <>r the linioring po"em - s« 0) Le ... tho

Uft the third

the ....

Ill< , .. ,

finF".

" •.u.I"'" r...., finr<' .. tdy

uft Hond

Co-or(!.n. tion

•

1!un:IMe 2 •

Ploy with the

m~tronorn~

beating quaTtor_not ..

(~r'(lt~h"t.),

• Hold ,"-' firo, not~ longc, and lon~r, 11<' ,h.t the att<>nd not~ COrnel c ..... , and d""" • •o til, """ ~h.on~.

• Con.inu~ until the l«ond not~ i. only a frac'''''' ah.ad of the bow chonI/<, 000 ,"-,n pllY only twO nm .. ",.h P.rf<:'CI <:<>-ordination.

f ing' rlngs

AI", plo.y the ""me fingerinllS on Ih~ '''h« "rinllS,

Pr.ake method

W;""" ( 1"11< I'ou, S. 4 , .., ...

v_

!kllin I I a . 1"", '.n,p", ployin; th~ dOli •• Ions I. II<»s,bl, and thc !har, no'.,. II , h"rt "' poMibit. Gnduolly in<.T~' K IIt.o tcmpo un,;1 the dottcd .,.!tan i. as fu, a. it <.n pnclkally be pl.y.:d, always fecling .h. finat" a f.... t;On ahud of .lte bow, Thi. i. ()t1C of .... ,i!tile m""t eff<:'Cti,'~ prac.ice metbods, .nd Ii''''' in,,"n. "",ul ...

Finger preparation FInger preparltioll is aMll>< •• ""mplc of 'icchnocil "mong' •• oppooed '0 'mu.ocal 11m,,,,' (Joc l'ootnoo on P'II0 27). Tn ploy any desc.nding no, ... moO!hly and loC.ml ••• ly, the I",",'c, flngen h"". to be rcody on the "ring bd= lifting the upper flngcn. 42 Etudei "" eapric .. , no. l

•

•

~

•

In the ,"n'plc I ~, al.houllil the filii.... playinll tho fill' and ,hird nn'" ob,';ou.ly ha"" '0 be on tho "ring bero« the bow mov", th.t is • qu ..tion of co-ordin.ti .... - they Ire nO! 'prcp, "",' fUliCTS .. tudt. The fourth ttO'(c (fin, fins" ~) i•• prepared fUlII!I ,h~ m,nl In in".n, btfOft the bow Irri,n on th~ A "ring.11>c nin'h nOte (IC<:Ond flnl/<' C) i•• imilar to the fourth note (F),

110

Ldt Hind

Eu""IH I i'.nggente the finger pr<par.tiQn by plaeinll the p"'pal'Cd rlnSCI'll ,'of)' early, like a 'yn<:opa'wn, a. ""own by 'he . -nOte> in the example, Do "'" pm, lin prtp<JrtJfin.:<'" J.>rc~ _ rent I)' '«' th<m on the "rina .nd wn UO(> tJu '";"1 alliu ",,,,
"'on<

Ii..,."

,

•

Urt Hond

II I

o

EJIC.dH 1 H en: tho Lhird no .. of ~:tCh

p'OUp ..

on the lowe.

o.lrin3. Plo« it .:a.rly, lou •• )"ftCOPI,ion, 11.-....

""'''.... mpk:

(a_pie

Olh., posltioo5 SIaO't in 5th position on the: D and G llntIp. oo>d

In

4th _non on 1M E Ind A..nn,.:

•• Exercise J H•• e the fo\U'th no,.;. prell"",d . J'1occ " •• ,Iy, like I synctlfalion.

III

Left lIand

0IMf poshio
Scan in Sth po...ion on the G.nd

I)

IInnPo Ind in " th

~'''''''

on ,he A and E >1,,"3':

&
'he ,"cond .nd (o" rlh

......

nol~

or u ch , ' ''''r •• e p.ep.red

fl~I"f

Plac~ Ih~",

u,ly, lib '

f)1ICOpIIuo" ," .t."""D in the: _mrlo .

•

•

•

,

0lMr positio
b, '" 5th ...... ,M>n on
.tn..,.. 000

in 4th p<.<>oUon "" d", E ..",I A . Irin,,:

l.di lIand

.,......,," S Prep .... ,he "":OIld and fourth not.. of nch gNup, pl • .,ina them url)' like. , ync"!>.,ion .

Other position. S,.rt;n 5,h poo$i:ion on the G and D "rings, and in 4th position on ,h. A and E Strings: 5th pooi.ion

•

=-,

Releasing the lower finger

Trills

til.,.

For most . erion. on tho 'iolin i. a «>untcr_,IOII, usu.lly in contrary mo.inn to ,h. principal m"",ononl. In tlIt ,.• '" of trilil. I"",,. finger m"'"" (. Imvlo. in,i,ibly) in tho opposite di .. ction ,u the uppc1" f',,#r.

til.

Th~ lowrr, hdd-down fin~l'r in ~ trill muit llOt pl"t"S1 100 h~.d, olh ..""iIC the ullPf. f,nK.'

m"'''' fTUly.

" ,

As th.

134

uf'

H.nd

~pcrd

,

of lh. no,n inc ......, lhe harmonic should >lilt

'P<' ~ okarl)',

i!. un.ble IQ

'interlnlll

•

•

••

•

•

• OIIri", ,N; h.rmoni<:, comrle,.ty ",la. ,N; wris" !\and, r",,.n 1'I'1u.""" .. yo .. play dw lI~r lin....

~nd

.hurnb. Kccp ,h., Iff!in, or

m. barman;" Ii..... b,lnlt ,ouch",. """ ruin. " .... n pll),,,, ,N; upper r....... • P\oriDI ,,",til the M<1tOI\OII\<, bq.n ,J",,"1y "' 60 and ,~ua!ly ;nc"",,., lh~ '~"'I'" II, 6),

•

I.Q,..

J•

66.nd 69. Alto pIl)' ,he ...... E.t;~rcIK

AI

)'tI ..

pan~m

un """ <>1M ... rin ...

2

dfOP ,h. upper fingor.

ui l ~

,h. I"we. rlnl« quilt hl,h , mo,·;nll 'he tWQ finae .. In

"""' ..... 7 mQtion.

Lefi. lionel

,,,II. . ",. ..0:1" J

\,('IIon the "ill is ~I " .""ugh . the 1I!aM' nf nell pol' of h.rmo;1.ic's in IlI i, .~m:"" comn OUI • fiflh hilMr th.n "",m ol (beeOUK tho I"",... finl'" ... mlin. ",uching In.: min;),.., thll the trill. oound •• follows:

,....,

If \he: IOU (,\OOIIIQI sound clearly, try pillin, ncl ... ' 10 the bl'id", Of "ilh. rll'o' b(w,' SpmI. and mW ."'" tho ""'... rill&",,' (.,.. hiell mUll ... ml,n on "'" Ilnnll i> .... tl\f. 100 he ..)" 1)<), 100 hllli . Trilling harmonia like thil ;;,..,. the fln"<"$ I (<
Building trills not. by not. Sun.. n """. f bw.. n.., the brid".

bcl"",.. playlnl each Irili, makin~ 1M 1\riUi ";MI. . . widdy.

poMibk. Ploy ",·ilhoUl ";bralo.

1

lUioc lhe lriUinlli"", • • Imlc.~ it. ""'....1 h.""1 - drop.....,. q....,kI)! on 10 IM.1rina - btt ott sI~lly-hiJha"-.hln.f)(>rmo.l powl"", • .,nd then ... Ib. M ..... 1M r.",.... from !he

qWckly bo"" 10 il$ baH joinll..

w- ro 1M.,....,.. as t~Ii_ ........ 1<_ ,., ,m..,. K.oqo th, _00 .U.1.I1ned H you ..... "'" fin&-m. win, -

n;'" only ~ _

J

lU," the: r....... little 100.-.: il' "",mIl h.."'1 _ drop q uickly on 10 the droplpin GUlCkly - n;'" q uickl)! bock III the ".n,na p
1

lUi.., Ih. fu1$e t ' link.hove il' normal hd",. _ drop quickl)' on 10 the 'Ionl - n; .. lIiI/oJl)i - drop la.in quickly - rai.., sJWttfy - drop .p,n q uickly _ nist quickly block 10 tho .I.nin. poIit""'.

~

The ... mpl ... hnw up '" , I. Itill nOI". Conlin .. o up to about ~i ghl 0. "i"o .

""I<:

Pl .~ o""~ of the trill ck.ri~ and clel nly. m.kin, .he violin tI"&. Th ..... hoJuid bo no 'fuu' cauwd by .. i.i". the fin)" 100 100II, or by droppinl or lif"", 100 ........ Iy.

1)6

Ld! H.nd

Tnll l

Th ... quo.,iQIl. ur limlnll apply '" ,his "ercis.", (1) how rail th. flI\i<"' dropf, (tl buw [onK ;1 on tho .. ring, . nd (3) h(OW rl .. il is ",ioed, ra"icubrly in douhlc

""po, do no, """",ttl. with the f,nge rl; th"

.lIy "n 1M

"")'I ~'n

",ina.

II

• •

,

•

,

,

!'toy tho .. me pattern! on

,h. other ming<.

Di~ction

n..lrillinll fingn mo,"" up- Up-uP-\lfl, " ." d""'n -d",,'n-down -duwn Ot" d""'11 up-down- ul', If H.ifOlz', ~i"i of 'he Bruch Cunurto' (or Ihe .. cM!ing of many orhor .rtis,.) i, pll yed .' half spe.d, ,he Irill " . ... g. in 'he fi", m""emen, d"", nOl COme Oul s"unding .'.. n, bUI .e,u.lI), sound, .pl'roxim.'~ly kil< Ihi,: Violin

eor..:.no in (; mi_, "". 26, ...,., I ,~"

'-......."'-

'.... _s.,...., """"", 110:... llloQil Lef, H.nd

137

I "lh

The f
f ing.ringl U .. the ... me pall<'Tn,

0$

in u c«ioo 194, pl.yini on each llring "'" p.i. ,,{,!linll.

Rhythm exercise

s... .

Thi.;. 0 quick I'~bslitulo f" r ~ik_'y~ .~~$« .nd is cxce!l~nt a. I gonel11l quick ",,,.m_up "terti><, c<WC1"inl.1I the p,," ibl. «>mbination,
N.y wi,h .h. me.ronome, ... rtin; .1<w.'ly a •

.J " 1>0 and iIf"Odu.Uy ,peeding up 10 .bou. SO,

•

Drop I nd lift Ihe f'O£I.- n lI l~I' I nd •• f.m I. I'ouible, ml kinill C!eln beginning . nd end 10 uch """'.

•

Play

•

M <)IIe .h< fin~ers from tlto b.", joint., .",tII,,,,, .he whule h."d I I", mtwini front .h. "'~i", [( 11\ •• iJ no< entirely w"rking, hold dnwn unukd fing.", on . no.h.. string ." gCI 'lte f«ling of the finF' mO\;n~ withuut th. hondo

loudly,.~

ex.",;'. the finger. as much I. po<Sibk

f ingerings U'"

LdI H.nd

th~

•• me p."ern. .. in Ex.",lK 194, pl.);ng on ..eh "ring or poir of mingt.

\)ruppin& or lif'ina u~h finaer individuIUy, .~ • kp'''''e action, i. possible only up "' .. c~rtain .prtd. Af,.r ,hi', i, i, ea,ier '0 play ,..,ry f. " by dropping 0' IIf,ing aro0l'" of fing." .11 al Ontt, in I f'n-like "'i,h """ "'tUm, 10 thar the ""'''' arc pl.).. d almos, .irnu',anrou,'y. 'l1Ie", ar. ,hon f..wor f,ng<:T ac'io,,", 'u ""rf",m, and "'" f>
"oda

!.h."",

,i.,

A... ndlnr

While pl.yina the quar.e,-n",e (crotchet) •• ,he be~inning or .he har, P"'l"'" the o,her finse""I>0,,, th_ m;n~;n ,heir ton~"';ton. p"tlem . Ilring 'he finge ... down 'o,
Dtt<endlnl l'rep.,. the u<>dornc.th no' ''' on 'he . 'rina, in ,unc, and thon ',ilr' the whole aroup off 'he .,';ng wi,h One le,;on.

11><0 oo",inu< b)' plo);ng the urn. pattern. I I before, but n"", withou, . tOpping on the fi ..., not•. Drop .. lift th. fing... In ins,an, af,er the b<>w begin. to "'''''', ',;lring' mem on 0' off the Sltina.

Play the whole •• erei,. Qn each min,. UIIC I "I';"y of key lign.turel to C<jVO' diffe",n, ",,,,,· ..,mi,u,,. posslbili,ies.

Lef, Hand

119

Ilock>

l'J.ake method l'ractis< f."

fWtS . .

f.,llaws, droppi",!.be f"'ltf" •.,.nh..... one Ktion:

\"....... ec-mo in 0

....

........ , "". 2., _ . 1

EIiI:t e nl ion5 If any or \he folloooing lI~ •• hn, ..""n p1lj'ed 11'1 h. pooiric>n, In- lmpuu ibk fur )'OUr oiu of lIIod, wnply tnO\'C Lhc fUlCCJ1 I. fot "' )'OU .In. • KtefI!.be "'rin in apprt>Iirnttdy I ""aieln line ..~th !he forurrn, withou. puihina i. for.... rd .. tht e .. endin, f.nger 1'I:1e"'" upward •. (Se.: Via. 39, pli< 91. )

• 1'1... the .humb ... 11 f()r'o\.. rd, ()peruna the op... betWCt"J1 the baS<" of 1M thumb and the f,ro. f"'3"1. • Incul"" the ''"'ttl\ of the fi",... by .. idtninj Il.he boose joint, ulin. the p'" of .h. fUli<'"lip tha. pruducn lbe moo, ",Ie. bo-twffn the fUllero.' B.. kally, try .0 ""I' the I«ond, .hinllnd foonh f"'lIcro a, "",igh' on the lIrina .. poI,iblc (no ••o I rule, but in.1>nc c.erciHl). • The pilch of the """. bein, p~ should """ chl~ ..·1\,10 ... ,endinl ."".110. fI~r I"",," or be""".

E:.:"rchc I AKending K""" the ,"",,"eO"
_-"

100_. . . ....

Len H.nd

Dticend ing Plac, 1M .econd .nd f"" rlh nOte$ of • • ch bar o n ,h. ,uing, b...fo,. lifting ,h. firs, ond ,hi,d n01 .... '

•

OtI>e, posl llonJ PI.y the .. me not.,. on ,h. o,her I1ri:,&1' in ...... iou. <>Cllves :

•

•

• A..,cndin,

Hold the low<:, of me tWQ fingc,", down 00 the string throughout .

• I)_ endln,

Du not lift

t~

upper fing .... ntilthe 10"'.' fin~' i, firmly in pl iC.

<>It

•

the llri",.

Loft !-land

eo........... .... D ......

•

I'loy ' he enrcik ... ing 'he foU<>winll

~

•

,i",.""""

l'1ay "'" same pollem. on ,he olhn .,nnp,""'''''1 in I .. pel1h.on. !!>cerci"" 1

• AIe.....:!ln. • o...cendh.,

1<&2

uti H and

I"old "'" ........ of the ...., finllt'" dOYo"fl on lht lin", Ill......,..".. . Do no, lif' ,he .. p~r fin,.r un,il 'he Io..-u finliCr I, firmly in pllee on 'he ...tn,:.

: .:

.'

.. .. •

PI~ .M

"""rcifC u,injj 'he followini key . igno,un,,,

PlIY til<: .. me pluerno on !he o,he . ..rinp, Ill .. in. in I" "",i,ion. Eurd..

~

• A""endinl • Des<ending

Hold,h" fim fin••• do.... n on .h. "rin,. Keep !he lund posi,ion b.lanced "" the fnu.th ringer .nd .u
,h.

• Play .... l'I'rat. bows and olurr.d.

P,Kli<1 method L1. m how to muou. e an u.cnoion by 0100 praai. ing ex,ending.o the .urrounding no'."

SMo,. in G, or. 78. "",y. I lI..hm.

lNSTITUTO DE .t..RTES

lei, Bond

Contractions

•

E>
'

I

~

"

11 01<1 doom "'" lIN

•

144

lcIll l.fId

I

~

1InJe, ~,

14~

'Ghosting' S<>mc .... 1ht turcisel in!h" Icctioo uk 'JIlMt' DOlel, whkh Ire

pI~.. d

I. fullo...-.:

14h .. n llIe fina'" II IlI .... JIl pll;ina. harmon;';. I Uk tile ku, 00w ptnIu ....

J Uk the IcIUt kn&lh of 00w. Low posldon. (lip to ~1lI ): ,II<: h.nd

"""It ,,';thout III<: olhow h.villlllO _

Arm movement

up Ind ~,,...... Ih. Idt or righI,

"""'eO

Mlddl. position. «(rol1l Slh 1<> 7!h): the h.nd I _ 'up . nd ~,' Iho $houlde. of th. violin, l upporttd on til<: thumb,TII<: IIMd.t>ouLd not II>OVI: ' . , ound' Ih. $boul;!." othorwiK llIe elb
.

HlP_ilion.

($'"""wants): .......

I ..

m.de........, W1!h the: ilion
movina!rum the ,,'not, wilh .1.......

~.

lot Ihltllna from II"" or middl< poIi'ion> 10 kw "",Ilion., the elbow mull mowc 10 the I' ' ..""k' in . pooi, ion '0<> flit '0 .... . iJllt in Fi •. 47t.

"I'll..

rd, 'I""" .... It" _Ilion

Firs' liny.' .... I., """IUon

H.vlng d _ from It" _Ilion. tile elbow,," ,00 II< to the rl9h1

.."'*"'"

Shift...

A"m mo .... ml n! llx~rd"

I

Bar I

M "", ,he hand up and down Ihe neck wilhou, mO"ing Ihe dbuw ,,, loft or righ •.

Uar 1

M~.IM: dbow to the ria'n when at«ndina, and .0 .h~ kf. aa.in wh~n deOCendifl.(l, Mo-." ,II< hand 'up and ",..,r' Ihe I houkkr o(the: ';olin, . uppoued on.he .humb ( I'il_ 47.),

Ra r 3 KC
ReP<'1I on 'hc olher .. nnll" On 'he E Itrin;, posi,lon .h. 01""",· well ,,, .hf left in 'hc luw", pooilioO<. In .h. high posi.ion., m",,, 'hc elbow 10 'he righ, only I. rar ...

""0.""''1.

':xcrd." 1 H.~ing "'p" ... cd Ihe ann mO,.. mon' in." '''"
tIt~

par" in Hxcocisc 204, pu, .1IIh .... 'ogelher by pla)iog

•

Ped .h, difre",n. m",.. men" smoolhly joined '''II.Ih.. _ only 'he handlf"",. ,," movinl in Ih. """'" posi.ion.; ,h •• Ibo.... moving.o ,h. right in the middle position.; m.inly "'ming ",.h .h. hand.kmt in tit. upper posi.ions.

•

~.nding, m.ke .ure ,hal 'he upper arm re.um, .0 ilS normal posi.ion undc, the violin. i .... ..." ' 00 far.o ,he right (l'i~. 47b and 47.),

.""

•

Thumb preparation

leading the shift

T hen: a.. ,'ariou. rul .. i",.. ming when the finletihond'.rm mOYn bdo", the 6umb, or whcn Ihe thumb ntm'" fi" •. cu., I c,i
n..

1" or 2nd I>llI;,ion '0 hijlh,," 2 lrd posi,ion

,t> higher: the

thumb some,imes .liglu!y

pl'\:o:d~..

'hc hond,

Jrd, 4th or 5th "",i.ion to 111: .hc thumb pr«odes .he hi nd .

•

6.h position and higher d"".., .0 1": ,h. ,humb, hand and arm t""elher in one single m"'.. mrnt. posili ~n

n..... "",i!ion .

Shiftillll

and hind lo&<,her,

)

S Higher

146

,h~tnb

down

.
,hi: thumb in pllee while .hiflin" tlten move .h. thumb

in,,, tile

A limple w.y ' 0 disc""", 'he n>wral uk of the thumh "ill",u, h."inll 'u ,hint ~oou, ',ul.,' is to pl.y wi1l>ou, . should", ""t , The thumb I. then forced." mau ...ctly the righ, m",,,men ... t the 'ight time, Wbtn Ihe ,hould.r ...... ' i. PUt bock on, ,h. thumb 'T"m""'~' the .ome m",,,me"' •.

• With"u, • • huulde, rcot, pl.y 'rp
I)<) no!

clomp the viulin h<1'wun the chin and .h,mldCT (do not ,.i", the Ihoulde, ). Simply mL the

innru"",nl On ,he rona< bone. and ,.l .~ 'he ..... igh' of ,h. h.ad in'o the chin ...". U,ing ..,me p.dd i~ undtllltOlh the I'iol io d()!.'S not ~ffr('1 Ihe excrc~, • Stlrlthe Irpeggio kquence in difl'.",,,1 position. '0 cOl.....1I pos,ibilj,k •.

"Kli,. _

,!loci

Pby ,hruugh whol. pic<:", wi,huu, •• hou ld., ,e., (alw0Y' making sure ,h., th •• bllUldb>blf find ,h., man)' p....S•• h.1'< .U be pla)'ed _low ly.

"pe"'.

".,AM,

,,,'y

f ingers leading Tho impul", for .he .t.if, oft~n rom<' from the fing"r .. th .... ,h.n 'he h. nd o •• rm, with the hand (.nd Ihm 'he •• m) foI1lN:1",. ' Aim' wi.h ,h. f,nIlOT,ip int!> ,h. n.... nu' • . In 110..., . x....;..,. 'he timing;, ..."".. ted, 'he finge, moving un i,. o... n (oll",,'cd bf the thumb, h. nd and •• tn. Ex• ..,lse I

0-

Square fi~
¢ "ex'ended tinger'

10 the fin, bar m<)\-.; only the (,~er, kC'1'inS the h. nd in fi ..., position. Do nn, ItC
"'0\"<;

'he thuml>. In the

• In the: fi ....' b.o, beain with tM f'''Ie"T _qua"" ext.nd the finge' m the upper nOle, chanae it h •• k into I SQu .... IU ""urn m ,he Iowet nO t•. Toke c.... 10 mow only the finge" nm "'" hInd . • In th ....und bar shift no, mall), ,,;,h the handflTm, bu, ..iII make tM I'<.y , m.lI"" amoun, of the fin,et mo'-.;menl I . in the firs, blr, In .... ry ~hif, . lim w;,h 'he fingertip into the nc"W not •.

Shiftinll

l:xtrdl-C 2 • To m.ke each shih, onl~ move tho linger. Allho",row!TlO'l<"
I

reiU1ar rhythm: ling..... thumb-fing...... 'humb, .IC.

•

[>I~

on •••h l1: ina.

About slow arrival SFMed [n long .hif" (. nd wry oftcn in .horlcr shifls a, "~I]).' the 'hif' d"... not move" on<; .ingle 'I'<"ed. One oflh. of ireo, ''''u~y i< '0 'hifl rlSl 10 WlfIMCU jim htk>w ,~. a,";'.,u .wit, and 'hen '0 cnn,inue mO .. slowly inl ~ the Irrival n",,, i,,,,,lf. Singer' 'yp;':llIy ...ch 001,.. in lh. lime ""'y. ,he key point ~ thot y'" go too far and of slow l".iv.1 . pcrd il Ihol it d"", n<>l m.ncr whe .. l"'u , hin IQ - I lild~ higher, • )illl. low.r - 10 Will 11 y
'e<:T<:"

Very "ne" f ,he puug< (al
p,ma "''''''e). In ,ho"" .>«r<:l",. Ih" , low ar" ... l "",cd is ... ri".n inlo •• ch Ihifl I" n ~.I .. nol. I ..-miw". b<1ow \he ,rrn.,.l nOlO."lllo: dolled 'hrthm f"", •• the speed of ,h. ,hif' '0 b< f.....low.

_ _""_JJ-_.--'

...

"'"~,

...

.......,.

"'-'''''''' ",11,......, _.. IO\1H_

_.... --~ ... G'_

..... ,,""...

"'''''''''9'' .... 0 -~

l.a

Shifting

' ''Clici me\"h.o.d

,

G

Sox. .. " no. } in D minot-, "1'.

1O~,

mcw. I

Brolun,

• lX'bilc pll);,. wieh """ r.ngn ~

One-finger .xetdses

• Whtn ploy;... w>ch ,,"e ehor lint rlllgn, _eimn. pnC1iH wich cII.r fourth IinJff oiIontly d",,'n on on ad,.., ..., I~ (.. lil:hcJy II I hlrmonic); or kttp 1M lim fman " 'Mn pll),." with I".e lhe tUureh r",gn.

"""'II

Slow .rriv.1 speed

•

""""'

pl.,

,-

Frs. coch l«lion chl'OuJl! •• ""u... (oce elIlmple bcklw). I'll' f ,,; th I n = nl, ."".in< h.lf. ........

.......

I Rq>c ...... loKCion, JhoI;unl the do,,~ ticbth-nola '

',thou, \ht

I I'Iay ..

doc t~

ticbth-notes, but lUll ..>th r"" .tUfu tho, !-low

_'II in,,,

II>< omVll nott.

DlMr flngerl ,00 positlom ~r

cII.r ..qUOM
\II

van"u.

"""veI, con,in"in.

up tho llrin,M hiJl! u pouible.

i~';'~~~",,;::::::::

'... "*""', _ ,os SM\i...

1 l'int play through the ... hole ..que""e . .... nncn, ptl),n, all !h. IIOt" with equal 10"" (~ •• ,.mrlc bel"w), Shift." the .igl"h_not~ (qu",,,rs) quHly, shift to the dotted <ju",.c,_nu.eo (cro!Ch«<) ~ 2 Then pia)' th:'Ough, flhOSt;n!l tho d,hth-notU,

1 PI.)" through ... ithout!ho oigh.h-not ... bu • .rill with a

f." lIlIif••h •• slow, d",,'n in.o tho .,.,;,..1""'.,

Olhe r f ing e .. and pth« .. rings in ... riou.

1SO

Shifting

Scllas and arpeggios • '(('hen u,ing the fD'S' finger, •• op ,h. fou"h frnger n
•

V~ ~p''''''' b<»I.. a,

w" I1 . ... u ....

E...., loe 1

I'1 'Y d", Sim. p""ornl, " a"inll in 111 "",ilion, <>n • • ~h I"ina. U,"" • , .., i<1)' or major and mino, ..,ak... Escrd oe 2

(Lt" "l: Out the noteS in brlckel! to pll)" JUI! OIlC octaY< of cKh tI"pCUio.)

Shiftina

IowiIl9 v. ri.lion, AI ...~Il :n o.Iurrin& oJ ... pLIY r.., 'P;CClhl or "'Mlilk. three and fou r .. rok<s \oJ • ""'c .~ th. ,1,,110 "'.... bot ¥cry ru, '0 oo-o"I1".'e wllh 1M 00.-., fO Ihll " ooundo tbt ""'....... if pI.~ "..;th • normlL r~

PLay the: .Ime arpcnio

p.tt~rn

with the olher flna ..... St." on dirrerent k.y nolo. 011 cleh "rin,.

Broken thirds, fourths, .te.

PllY tn I ,-arit,y of U)'S tn CUI~r d,ffCkn, noto:. and ""en... L"

lowing v',;'I,ons

Other fingers I~."

152

Shl1bnl

'h •

......as. on
Semltones _

... Dmdottg -""""" h . ,,,,,,, ~9l pl~y

1><0" of in one po$i,ion. In !h. lo\t .trini. I'I.y,., !ha, tOnlebody li"ening but no, o«ing )'0'" loft hand -.oold nOl rcalir.c thai )"Ou Uo"l:fC changing the fingering. In the$< lWO c.<<(im

the fint

..."bo." pia)' !h• •ame n01.:1 up •

M Ol"c

IW<>

th~

the wh"le hand to 'hif' _ do nOt

• Lift and drop the

fU1g"~

j"" """'" the r,ngor.

'I.tc' and fa", «pecially when pla)ing at ,I{)W and mo
• l'Iay Slurred OJ writlen, and oJ", ""pat;lte bnIo"!. • Tompc; ' low. medium and f..t,

00.... positions

Play olte .amo not ... on the G _D OlriniS. ""una in 2nd po$ition. and on the O-A ",inll' ".,ling in !1lI P<'>iti<>n.

Shifti",

1S3

I'IIY tII<: .. me: no: .. On 1M G and D minII', ' ''''inll in 2nd .uI G-D

~os.ition:

Chromatic: gli55ando ill D Minor. op. 22. mov. 1

"

n.. chm"'atk IIliwondu con be hk .....d tu tl>. mn"~m.nt of th~ .igh\ arm ,n '14<:<'\0, Iho left >rnlihand ","10"8 a ,;I...."o-hkc mooement whi~. i, pushes the hond d",,"'n (or up) the mins. Keep the "Ti>t pu'hod "",,,.. rd., w;lh Ih. finll<' IOlidly in ,h... r;ni throullhout. In Ihi' ",ampl, from Wieniaw.ki, tho .un i1 >WIN with. mOt"m.nl from ,h. h .nd, Mlh Ih, o
PriKtk, me thod

(0",

"Tho "ep is to find the co'1'«'I speed of 'he gli."ndo in ... Iation '" the tempo of 'he pa.sal!< . If ,h. pillodo is 100 Ilow lh, ~milonu O«omo ~u.rlcl'-!ones 01" 1.-», and )'Ou end up flnly p'" of 1m: WI)'
sliding e,,,nly wi,hoot indwidual not.l, You n<'Cd 10 lJid, "' luch I ."" d ,h., yuu P' I> - w;,h"ut >I<>P\l;njj - ,h. firs, nO'. of lopping. In this ... mple count: 4_1_2_ }-4- 1 (the '4 ' bein; 'he C=, which i. ,11.: IICcQnd no'e of 'he run). ~i1,ondQ,

r,..-..

H....'ing found lho ,pc<: W
nc~'

"''P

i. '0 . lide in ... geo _ still wi,hou\ the indi,;du.1

AIr
,un.:

'''''')'lI oxactly

Shifuna

TI..,n bqin 10 mike "'" ind"idual ....... i'OOd, .p,n ............", in ~'~aes from II>< oollom UfI:

AI", "an .,

G

th~

lop and w<>. k down In Itlaft, alway> """';n; ~""clly on ,unc on 1M firs, nOle of. bm:

M etronome ellercise • Do nor iu" slid. m,- fina." in the ... ""rc~. - . hift ,he "'hole hand from MO P"""'''' '" looth ... Relul< Ih< f"'~rl dunl1j ,h •• hiflO, ..,IUinll the thumb, "'TIll. uppe' I.m and n•• k. •

AI tho ,low .ptt
h.l mpll

fingl ritl9S.nd Intervals

!'lay the .. me p.......... in ,h. foIk,...,n, pooih'''''' ,uJG

.... A

~ 156

SIIili,,,,

OMSkal sh ifts

C!oJtlcalliI,n. . , ••110 Ion"","n .. 'bq;inninl' ,"",f...

• " ",endln.!!

,h~

hJ.nd mOl',n; un tho finlJ<:'

,ha. boj:inl tho "",ft.

no,~.

Dr"p the new finF'

M",,, 'he h.nd up on 'he finlJ<:' ,ha, iI pll)ing tho lowd d,=d~ "n .he upper nu.e.

Mo",: the hand down OIl the fi"ic' .hoc iI pl.~inl th~ uppa 001<. I~ace ,h. I<>w<. un it. ""'. ber"n: liftin. tho up"". fi n, ••. • Co· ordln. tio n In " plnne. bow sh,ft .. 011,'. ".. nh ,II< 'oId' nna<"" on the 'okl' bow. play tho .......... fi...., • .,., the .......... bow. • U....,.ndlnK

fin~'"

,,", p).y • .ch b.. e th~ .. ..nnen {..., .""mpl. be ......). Play f W1th an ~.....Iy . ... t ... ...,J I<)IIe, ond with. liell' Ifdina.;"" f"" scpIfI.t_bow liI,f...

I Thtn

&II.,.' ,he middle n.,.o 0( • ..,h
I Finally play wi,h"", the middk not •• , . 11, U .imply on. n"'. fOU""'M by ••.other. [n c,h« "..,..dl. rilly ·nOl .... nu'.· ..,he. tho .. ·nu, •• hif, wnot.·.

Romantk shifts

Rontlntk .h'ft. . .... Iw kn""'n II 'end' _hitt., ,he: hand movm, on Ih<> Bncn ,h., . n do 'he .hitt. •

•

lI.omlnlk mif\'s . ... only play.,;! .."endin" ne',:r d"""";ing. H"ina pla)'Cd "'e Iowor f,nlltl, pI..,.

Ihe hlah., fin"", on Iho.una". oflh. m,na, ""Ihoul p~ .ini' Shill up on 'ho hi&hor ronao,,' ~

,,,,rd 0>/ u.. 'hift r.cfiul- sJ,>UI.' ""oft quickly,,, ju" be""" !he Irri,·.1 n",., and "'en 11".... do...n in,.

oil. I\(Itt, Th;, hH !>Hn bu,1I into 1M oxn<:;" " ilh

01<, .... n"lo bet"'''n 'M actual

nmn of ,he unft.'

• Co-ordInation: In >
-................. ...... _ ... __r_·_ ........-........,.._..... _ ..... __--_--_h_ --........-... -........----'" ' ............ 1... .. "' ............. 01

,... "''''''--,_ .......... _........ ~._.w

.. _ _ 'n .....

......... _(1),...., ...

'Jt_"' ..... _

...... ..... . ........... III"' ......... ... - ~-.

,~-

F....\ ploy ~ach ,.,C\Km through a. "Tillen («< ,,.'nlpl. btl"",), I'1'Y I with an =nly $u.toin<:d ton •. ,nd with . light I,," h.nd, Tlw """" bo.... ing gi,"eS the COfm:t ro-onlinuion fOr IICJ' ...... -bow shiflf" S1tift quiokly to I

'h~

dott<:d eighth-note (qua",,) fut, .nd .Iowly into the h.lf_not< (minim).

Rope .. the se.lion, atwslin& the ,i.tttnth-nOle (..,n,iqu",'.r),

I Ghost both middle not .., "ill ~

pl ~}ing

in the dotted ,h),hm .

May the shift w;thou, lh. midd le ,,,,,e', ' $ ,imply on. nol. f<)II",,'«I by another, Still .hm f... , .nd

"0'0\' dO'o\'n inl0 the .lTi....1 nOle.

Other positions Pl,), lbe $Orne no"..
Shifting

159

Combination shifts

In a romboruotoon oht", both r~ do the ohm",," .!1t~ "'uft bqin. WIth the lin"" thl' is alftady pLoJ'l'lCo Ind md$ ""I!h th filii"
H...,,,,

,It.<....,.

pl')"N "'" firM _~.I""'.n the lin, .. ond ~:t up (or d..... n) ,he >Irina. Dun", pbc:c
r",,,,,

• 1,.. ~
160

Shlftinl

c.ch ..,,,;on ,hrou",., WTillon (.eo example below). Play f wi,h an e""nly sust.inN lone, and wilh • li""lof, hond, F;~, pl. ~

l GhI»l the three mKldk not .. b
~!u.j

no' '''.n Ih. , hif" SUU pl.)..... g the d,>ltN rhy,),ms,

l Pl.y ,,;,hOUl,h< <X,''' n01<1, as rimply on. nolO lQ .nother. wi,h hardly .n)· gli ...:mdo_

Othe, positions P1~

,h. Slme nO!n on ,h.

oth~r

l lnni' in v.nol>S

~"'C1;

Practite method

Wh."" .. , pno.ibl. pnCI1s< e. ch . hil\ . 11 Ih ...... "11)", with Clusic.J, Romantic and ComhinOlion in1<mlNi"..

Sun ... ", E minor, "P, 82, """'. III !!II"

~"""_of"''''''' '' Co''''

v

Violin Conc<no In D, .."". I T
Shi(,inv

•

Exch.ngo . hif... ", .h, ,,. wh .... 'h, lingo .. 'C1'QH ",.. r' durinl 'h' shill, "-I;., .hirthS {mm 2- 1 in on '''''ending >hift or 1_2 itt

Exchange shifts

a dcKondin, 'hil'\

Using subst itutions

.....,_s..c.,..,....." ... 110

• '\\0-.. til< hind d"",n on the rillS" that it playing .he upp<' not •. Onc. Ill •• hifl ina finll"' i. on Ihe note bei~ ,h,fted 'I>, ,ul»tiWt< Ih. Rr'"" fil\l!'r_

• Co·.,rd lna,' '''': In ""p.ratc-bow Ihiftl, .hif, " 'ith 'he ·.,Id'

lina"' on .h. 'oW' bQw, Ind play ,II< '"",,'

rLOlIer on the 'new' bow. • ulA

".ion

I FirsT play t,,11 ... through ., "'nUe" (r.c. cumple below), Shifl \0 \he ,i" ,,,,n,h·lIQI< (l<miqu .~ r) .Iowly, with. hel..,. gli.lOndo. Th, w...'owin& ,i,,« ,h. co"ecl c(K>rdin .. "'" for •• pauw-bo>!- .hift•. 1 'men IP>Mt .h, .ixt«nth_not •. pl.yinll it a. a groce nOle.

1 Ploy with""t the middle nOl<.t Ill, II .imp ly on. '101. to .nolh.r,

Other posit ions ['lay Ill. ,amo

162

Sh;t\;"~

n,,,~

on th<: atM' .. rings in ,.. rious 0<1 .... '

~"""n9.

>l>ill>

Shift ing be low the note '

• M",,, Ihe h.nd d''''"11 on .he finger mot i. playing m< upp
,

.. , .. :

" ".

, •

lil<' ,.. ricty of k.ry .ign.turn to CO".' different in,er""l.·

F~t

pl.y •• eh . oct;"n through •• "Titlen (••,,, cum"le below), Shif, to the ,ixtttnth_notc a ho"'Y p fund". The 10"'" bowing ai"n the «" ...'<:, co-onlinotion for stp.arate-oow
I Thon

~t

me I lxtttn.h_nou. , pll)"i.,,;, os . &nee nol • .

l Play ""hou. the: middle note.t an, ali .imply one noto \0 .nother.

,-'"'_....

Other positions PIJy the •• mo not<1 "" th. other "fini' in .. nou. <>Ct."",,:

---...... -_...... ... _101 _ 1/' _ _

II

. """"....,.. ....""""'_...,

-

-~ -

.... " .........

Shifting with both fingers

• Th..., exch ange shir.. "'>rk in tbe .. me " .. ~ I I rombin.lion 'hif": the ,hifl b the new n", •.

• s,,;in to mO','<: tbe hand

~p <>t dO\o;n o n the flng« tbat i. plo),in; til, first note of til. , hili. DurinR 11>0 .hift. lighten the f,nger and exchallie the new finger, and e<>ntinuc like a Roman,ic shif, .

• Th. Irri",,1 op«d in ,o the dCilination nu~ •• hould be Ik"", 111;,. hl l oxu'. note.

bo." b<.till in '" 'h'

,><etci..., o.n

, ,

_--............ _......

' OH"""" " _ N

"' _

164

_., _ t>,

SbiftinR

l'iDt pIoy ... d1 tcetion th ...... PI .. ,..,.II Cm and ..idI a 1,.tI' left

(0«

uampio IKkIw). Play .I .... th an ",... nly ..... aiM
~nd.

I Ghoo, ,Iw ,,,,,", middle """OS bor'~n d•• *<:IU'" _'" 01 the oIIill ,

lim pla}vtI ,"" douod rh)~1um.

1 Withou' ploy"" the: middle ""'a, ,h,n wllh h.o,d1)' any Iliooondo, .0 limply one: "",. 10 .,,0<11 ..... 11<1", I"" . hif, " ith ,h. finCO' ,h., riMY'! tho fi ...1 ""'e, lilhl~n ,"" fin!!« du,in, (b. ""II .nd nch.lli< the....., fiIlIC',

Othtr poIllions 1'Ioy ...... m. ""'''' on ,h. 0'''''' ' tnnp In ''''riou~ OCI.O,,":

Broken interva ls

l

Ploy on •• ch . ,.ing " or' ing in Is, position, pl . );", in !he minor .. ,...lI.s the m.ior. AI", pl.y tho UIn< p' Ue,n1 in bl'(l~n fourthl, fifth. and , i, .hl:

[)c.ubtl ItC1)1 PI2};ng on nch p.o.ir of ",ingo, u'" the ... me method to pratt;", (h lrd" . i.,h, .nd fing .... d acta'..... - . key prac6co ,ccltniqut, ""ampln :

••• 2

• t 2 •

Shifiina:

.,

"

. .. " ~

I •• "

I

:

Metronome exercise Btgin a! . ; 60 .nd graduaUy inc", ... up to

•

r~.yini

.bo". 80.

.he qu.".,_n", .. (e,,,,cheu) and

~iihth .nOl'"

(quI,'ttj) 011111

'\a1~'

and '·.'Y f.~t, .Imoo,

In
• R.I .... 'he fin"" during 1he >hift. The ,humb, "'n", uPI"" .,m.nd neck mu" romain n:lued .

•

~ndi"i'

m...." me thumb bock b
14~.)

F.urcr.. I

£umple

,

,

Othe, positions PIry m, sam. p.".,n1 in m_ fulloYo'm&

"~e

~i' iQn"

method

.\\0'" .""h .hift into I.., .. of 'trill', pl.yi" S it •• f." .s """ible. Encou"'ge the ling... to b<:

",,!he ".inS by 00..;n8 lightly ow, tilt fingerbo.rd.

''''J light

¥;olin C<>nt'Uto in A, K21 9, mov. I M~

Y;olin ConNno in I), op.

INSTITUTO DE NntS

"

Shifting

•

Sales

I'lay d,. A"'" poucm ....... 2 ~) and l
•

,.... fast

Orop-outs

pasoa;d 10 t.a,,, brilh...., ••

nwy not. mil" be dear,

II'llhOUI Iny nu't'i 'drorPltli OU'·. Th. mOlO, rommon Il0l/:'1 10

drop .... t .'" IhIIK bofun: ... Ifle. I manit 01 PMllion,. <""nll< or • chongo of bow, Thil c .. "..,nphe", Ih. nOlcl thAI mjah! drop Qu\ bdon: or .ftc, 1'0"'I0Il chan_ ... I'",,, .. in, it impTU\'q ,cales in gorw.-.l, I nd I, .1"". JOOd ""Y to pr:o<, j.., 'p«<:,flc rulllin ' piece .

,m..,

Cr.""'i.

2· 1,)- 1 and ,I I .re ob"~'uil)' the .. 0".1 flnjjc,lnp (".. (0), ...m •. hut ('" imp""'ina 0'.'ft1I.11 ,,,,hllk.1 (""li,y.

~m;nl

3- 2. " -2 Ind

~-)

is 100.1

E.·.ample

l'by \lI<1 "',,,,,nlh·1\Ot.,. (IOmiq"" ",,,,) cl •• rty, ond .. quickly •• ~Iibk,

be,,,,,,;,,, wilh • l""''Crful ¢ .

J Plo),.11 ,he ""'OS of 1M ,un M quk kly., !>obible, ,~c'P' the "",os bt/<>
_os.

J

,'0..... on II>< ""'.. '>/rt. Ihe 'lhifl" playi", ,Mm km..... and IoI>Ik< ,ILIon ,he <)1M.

"'Itft.

.. I'lIIy .. quickly" poo$il)k, up and d(WI'" n'WlJ' Urn... ""!bout Itoppona, M IM , _ tha, all "'" nof<S ha..., ""1oC'I1y d>< ................ and voIu ...... '1M 1lu(" be _,blr, and ,h",,1d "'It ... _ . . , bump or W>tVm ...... UI..., Ihr finam 00.-... on the Slri",. If 1M '",,",cd ....,"""""" .p«d is .....

"'o.:jd "'"

fM', .oar, . Lotk m= slowly lind

1IICfn.. th~.~

O{tM m.,,,u..omc &nduaU,·,

The !tit thumb mUit """.,n 'TI")' l'II>t .",i"ltth~ n«k of the ';"Iin. If lII< Kroll otthc "'''Nm.",t w .... duri.., the <1\,(, (dnturtHnl the buw), the thumb or lingc" may be """,.in. tOO bIrd or not rclc ....,. ,ufficic:ndy. Keep the _ , JOI;.JJ)' and <\'tnly in the otrina th."""POUI, "If or f . AIJ(I pll)' in (lIb,. ko)'ll In include dlffC1'tnt t"" ..... milonc

pol1~nt:

SIIlfts 01 ~ ton. or sem ltone

• •

II

SIIifts 01 a third

SII~

of I lourth

Other positions To pl.y the Cltre*, ;n difT•

.en, "",ilion., pl.y tho sam. nOies on tho "thor ..riOi"

G "rin.

Oown.
D .lrinr

A$ .... fi".n, in 5th poo;tiur•.

E

U~.
"riD.

oc, . .... , in 4th poSinon.

Shil'tinl _

F.xerciN ,

Substitutions

• •

l'Iay / . kttpin& ttK b<;Jw ,uslalMd ,,,!ho
II

•

II>< Ii",... quiololy, .... p<>MibIo.

u...

,lot wf..

II

inaudiblo

K~ tb< ......... o( ,h~ IWO fmsm on 1M ,,,inl, ..., !ho1M lllb", oIfdunnl tM ~ift. (I.,t!lC'n Ill< h<1d· """." 6"..,. durina Ih< "'i/l:),

---..----,. '"'--------_ • """mons

Other l'IIoy II>< " .... not.. un lIIe other llrinp in ... rio ... oem..,.,

.'-:.: ...................... ,

' ~=C '

•

Hnrcl.., l •

PlIY f

, koq: .... the bow .u".iM", ..ch .ub$titu,;.,n.

• Mllibk.

• Ccnun"" the: a.ompic II

110

Shllllne;

"

~.

"""

up

1M .mns .. pouibk.

f."

0'

• A. 1".11 • •• I""in.ll on. ba. ,,,. ~ow, play .piceo,,, ,u",iIlJ, ,h ... " and four"ruI< .. ,0 a no' •. Th.
PIa~!h<

I,

.. m~ p.llern on ,h. O1he. 'trinp.

1'''' ....1''' l • Con,;nue .ach no,e pa"<1"n up the Slnn.ll, •• shown in ,h. example. ria; •• hi,., up ,h. ming M IIOIlibl• .

• Ketp th" I"",,, uf lh<

'1''0

f'ng< n un the "ring .U the timo.

£ump!e

Nolt patte",.

,

'" •

AI " .. II ., , Iu,,;n, one b • • '0 • bow, obo ploy f•• , , p;cco,o or ,~~,iIJ', ,hreo ond four >!l'Okco (I« "-til.< 229).

Also ploy;n ,h. foll"".-;ng keY':

I'Ily the ..... " pIllernl on th" ",lIor IIrinal.

INsnnrro DE ARTES

"..,"'"

'u ' no'e

Excrdoc

~

• I'll)' ~(e ...,.."S, .nd ohio olur four or eith' _ .. Ke

•

,t>. """',

""''eO' 0( tl>e 110'0 r........ "" the m;"I "'h",, plori", tl>e UP!'<'< finp'f.

AI." ploy in 'he follo"';nl kys:

PIa)'

1M sam. PI"...... on !he <>tit
E....dH 5 •

!'by 0<'J'U*t<

•

Keop 1M

"""·5, and _100 ol ..... hlur or ,~, no'" ,n • _

""''='" of the ,,,.., r"'fIt'n on 1M "nn. wlte., playi ng the uppc, fi",,,, T..

• Oescendln,

F... ,c.,d ,IK finior up «(or .... mple, ,he: r.,h nO'e ,,( ,he >«or>d bar), Ind follow ",i!h 'he hInd,

,

SMh...

boP. each ilrouP (fou>«lmplc:, Il>< fifth _" or Il>t fin! har), .~,.nd ,he finp INck Ind follolo' with (~h.nd, nt,h.r thIn 1I11n11 rompltlf Ihi!t

• Ascendine

" W

112

,

,o,Jw, pl.y in 'he ("lIo<.'."ing i«:),"

l'Ioy th. "'me p.llem, on the ",h... If';"",

Octaves and tenths Octav es b:em lt ! • PI. )' 110",' I)', .t ab<:>ut .~"' 40, A. with all >hms, i, i, impo"'''''t to 'h...· ,he ..."0 in ad,..n"",

• Fin' pl. ), , Iu=
"'-

• Wrinon ou, h"~ •• ro, •• 41h I""i,;"n, cunlinu. hl~cr up the l1
• Th.n 1'10)' the .. me not", ond finge.ing. with. ' harp lUICk, a. shown bel.,..... Attock • • ch not<: d
,h.

• Abo pLay wi,h fUll' (or .ighl) f'SI .llro~. 10. nOle ,The fa"cr the m{l~, til. rl)t •• tht ~ift n'U11 be roo- the (,nget 10 ..,;,'< in tim. fo. Ih. bow I'roke, Pla), "i,1! moclline-lik. !'qulari,)" timinll the . hifi. >0 th .. they on: in.udib l~, ."d the P' ~j.OIll< w unds the 10 m. OS if ),1)11 w.... pl.yinS in one posilion 0Cf0H twO

mingo.

Eu ..d •• l •

In th. first thr •• blrs of each g"'up ' hif' slo"'l~. ",i,h • g;lo1Indo, ,\tomor's. 'h~ f",,1 ofth. hand in bo,h th. "",'e, and ,h. highe, P<>'ition, In 'ho fourth bor play the o•• imply '",0 ""''', CQnnoclina ,he not .. ",til but ",i,hou, • llIi" ando. In OIh., ...."rd., ploy 'nMe-no,.' rotht:r ,!\an

"""''<

·nOl..... hift~ no'.'.

• Cl'l:$CondO In'~ the upper nu,e, nt.<Wing clo<er 10 tho bOd"". SIlI,.in ,he oound through tho change ofbow.

Ploy on .och IlrinK.

174

Shiflina

", • ..,IM 1 Pby tho .. m. H Excrci", 234 . • In tho fir.. bar .,,!Cnd the thin! ron&cr t" tho

W without ' hilting .

• In th, ><:rond b.r extend til<: third fing. r t" the ~ withou, . hif,ing.

1'10). on

.""hmingo

Shiftina

•

Te nths HUNI.., I •

Fim play .I~rrcd, . nd

• PI. y s1_ly. ~ abou,

,h~n

wi.!>

" p,,,!~

row..

J!. 40.

• Crncmdo ;",,, !be upptt "",c. """inI cIot
Then ploy the .a m. nO! .. and finllerin" "';m I . h.rp , ulck, and wi,h fuur (or c1ih') rOj, Itrok.. to I note, at in &.KM 2)).

Eu",,'" l Ploy 1M .. me

I.

10""",..., 2H.

•

Con,inuo 'ht fim bar "f .ach poir up "ne corn. dQwn", lh.,..·n in .he lCCond bar.

All shifts In one (omplete 1eguence

J I

I

I

" ,

Other Itring' Play through 'he ,"quCMC on 1he mhor >lri",,". f"U."...:

80 .... lng ['lay 'he ICquence using "'"ttlapping bowing·

AIs<> .Iur with "". or.wo bowl '0. bar, and ploy 118

Shilling

"J)..... bav....

","ow:, and then

Ooublestops

f""".

''«'!he hand br.... nad ..i&l" 1y II>Of'C on !hot "pprt II",n on 11>< .......,. fi~, and ruch bact: ",'1lb tIM! ........ fIn&rr. Du noc boo<: !he lland on II.........,. fmgn. >incc then )'011 hi,.. ttl 't... '~h \he "ppr' fuw;r (""''I,d.

Eurdsc ,

...........

f'II1 the un>< pattern, Ul the (oIloon...... p"".......:

Shd'tirl,

179

o

,

Fin, play .hrouih . , ... tittrn (ff' cumpl. bol",,'). Ploy / wi. b In .'''nly , u!u,ncd '"" ••• 00. lig!" oo..'in. ,i.....he « >fT«1 C<M>I'din.""" for "p.,,"~-bow .hifa.

left h. nd . The I""""

2 'Ghos,' tiK .i:JI!«nth·"",n (.. mlqlm~").

l

Noy"';,hou. the: ....... n.h.nOln,

join,,,, the double: stcps '0I<1bc. ...hou&h

h i m,,",

!'lay lh. p.".ru in • ,'2rifty 01 kq1i '" cove. dtlf.~n'

Other pooitions

l'loy the: "'mo P<'" ... m in .he

180

SllIf,,,,,

(oJ ..........

",,"1';""0:

h"'~I1""" ponibilu ...,

th.~

wtr<

no olufto.

(Con,in"" ~p ,hi:

Bowing

. "i~1l

Us< "'~rl."pin8I>owinB: SI",,'

'0 medium I<mpo

All<> .Iu, "'i,h one
,,,"

bows 10' bor, and play •• paral. bo>o.'$.

Rtoyltom variation.

-rwo."".. p."em

Two-not. ",,"em

Thee·nOle p.,ocm

UUUU 1trcrcrcr ~ lulu lulu ~ '11",« •.,,,,,, ",,,em

I'ou ....." .. "'"om

I'o",·note p,(I,m

UrUrurUr iuu UU I Ejrrt66-f err Fm l I'b)' 'wo-notc rh)'lhm' "arting on tho first not. of the p . ... g
three·"",. rh),Ih",....ninll on 'he f'''''' t«ond . nd ,him nolc' ItIn,"5 "" 'he

of 'he ""SOlie. I'loy four·""" m),h""

Ii", nOle, the "".nod note, 'he ,him m)", and the fo".d,

IlU'C.

VI< the u rn. i>owinS' and rh)'1hmlll E"",dw 242.

Shifting

Excrdoe 6

Keep the hand pooi,j"" b.sed on the four,h finser, and ","ol, back with the: rO<1' fins.r. Optn the hIM 3' !he b. se join,., po..,K:ul3fly m.1<.ing a "'ide 'r'~ bo1we<:n th. r. ..., and oerond fing....

,

ADAPA 2

,

t

I

~

3

•

•

A 0 ,

••

o

II

Play in • ,.. riety of keys 10 '''''or diffcrem

'on~mil"""

Ute ' he .. m. b..>\I·inp Ind rhy
182

Shi1'1ing

p'",ibil i' i••.

~

••

::

EaerdK 8 F'Lay / ' kttpin; 'he bow .u>I.incd Ind deep in the s!ring. Keep ,lie kll fongcn Hghl.

As Wtn I. playing 1IlI'Quglllllc loequen« " ""'n..." from Ixglronj"g '0 on", .] *,> r"'t';!" O"~ t>,o, ., • lim< .. foil""", pl aying with 'h<

me'","""'.:

V.. the .ame bowinll" and rhythnn .. fue",iK 242.

Shiftina

E:.c.""u'

'0I'Ic:,

tlIto\Icb .. WrittCII (l« examplc IH:low), Play f "lib &II C"'nIly ......iMd and. lip IcfI hind, P;_ ' 0 the- tlc
I rim pllY

"""1

2 '0Il0l,' Ille e
l'1 . y in I Vlficty of "")'I

'" c~

different ton.,....,miton. I'o..ibilt"..:

Open .. rinas "ibrat< . y.npathe.ically when a l' OPped G, D, A or I! i. pll)'<'d, makin. the I'iolin sour.d much m<,>k "",,l1In, and open . For thi, "'.''''', good intenation i. an importan, Upc<1 of tone produClion . ..... open .,rine ~""'" • " opped note of the U rn. pi,~h vibra,., ., I "'hok. An Opm "ring Ntow a .topped """ di,id., into II<'V<:ral parIS, cach ,';bra,ing . cparately. Third finlr=' G On the j) . tring m.~ ,he Optn G vibn« (vi.ibly) in hl lves.Third r",..-, D on 'he A "ring ma~ ,he open G drtid" in,o third •. s.. ~ond Mg... 0 on the E . tring ma~ the open 0 divide into quo"e,..

"The dilmond not .. show 'he open minas thlt . ib .... . ympath.tkIUy with ' he otopped no'''.1'1Ie num~ , hew t\(:M. many ,.,«ion, the "ring divid., into. o I'\ay A {fo, uamplel, I tOne 100'" o pen 0 , I'IIY withOut vibrato. Roll.h. fiager "", y . liib,ly hiibe. lind Joy,"" to find whe.., the opm A "ibrat" the wide",

o IJt;ten.o the ""und pining and losin. ed..-, "'h .... 'he fing« il in the "",y « m.., nf .h. no,c, the ",und hal on ol'<"n, ·""r,..,.,ntrnl' quali,y, .nd the opon A vibra'tit the mo.., Who" the {,"go' i, I fraction ''''' high '" Wv.', the sound becomes tigh, ... and ,lightly hard--cdged, Ilnd the open A vibn, ..

"'.

• Ikpending on .he i""rument, i.. mings 0 ' its se.-up, i, i. sometimes nOl pos.ible ' 0 0« the lower open . tring ,·ibn •• . Ou, the hord ed..-, which CUm", into ,h •• topped note ifio: iI n01 in tune, will "ill M cka,.

[ntonltion

•

UM II... rich' hInd f~"in. ,t... Jlvc of It... '<0'00<1, ...... nd t'''II&, th~ loll bond /NQ on WW1 around the n«k of tho< ........

The ' H I of the hand and fingers

.". Idt hand _ .. ,,"hn'c " it; by f""hnl! It... rdo,,,,,",,,p 01 !II< flnFn '" b)/ .........rin. opln~' Ill< nw, ... d .p.r", , .... obo ~ ld •• or the violin, by meosu";", !II< different ,hicknnon of ,he neck., mc,,"urina rn.m tIM: pari "fill< nec~ 1110, join. on '" IIIr violin body. Ind 0<) on.

ea."" "",",

Memorising the hand position

1

Ploy 0 rIOI~ in , ..... , Ie"ina: the fi"F' on tlw JI.ir\i for oomc lime ..'hUo _-",;"1 rlv /ttl of tIot "".oJ 11M Ii..,.,. en Ih.

;"'If""""".

2 Name !II<

"'* ond pooition. In thr bou Nt of the eumpIr .boo'c. oay 10 rourklf: ' '''h position, r....tdI

finaff. D' - 'Sill poiition, thin! ~, D' - '6dt pooirion, --.t ~, D' - '7th roN,ion, tinl/inr, D', J

D""", Ih",.k, the left hand ....-.y ftom 1M in;'rumcrn, dr'<>ppinll. i, '0 hand on,icl...:kwise 10 p.lm..., .. ' ..·..dl (1'i•. ,, 8).

f.""

)"(I .....

oi
<>T .... n'nl

lit,

IklUrn 'h' hind .., lh< violin and play 'he neXI no.. ",.cdy In 'u .... ",i,h'M ,ot,ing 01" wi ..","" ' Hoar' 'ho nol. men .. lly in .d,.,,,,,,,o. Do n<>l look at ,h~ finll<'n and ".ina _ /«I "here to p!ao:, ,he S Ploy and play lhe ...... fin ..... on the .. me no, ....... ra.t ......... •

.,_.nd

rIO'".

Ploy"" uch 1I:in&. ronIlnuing up inlo hi""" pOt.i'iu .... 1'1~ exll ...... ~ WIth .111hc rlJli<'R, in ony ""'"

Pitchi"V ' paces betwee n finge rs T" ""',lIure the r,*", luning of . note (rom ,h. prcvio ... """c, yuu no, only judic by the iOUnd, bu, bf tho: rel ..."",hip of !II< f"'lC'rl ' " OKh othn, Wlw;n , .... plly;.,. fi"FR In nol ... x, I<> oodt other, )'OU 11ftII olso ;mo"... tho: IUlin; of t.eC<)nd fir'¢tt Core' , a"d ........... 1M third f"'I<' fn:>Rl W r~ HUIOd Ii"""

ha,,, '"

r""".

Ilrin,_""""

(A limplt ""'!III) dcmonltratc how Imp"".nl Ihll ...: hold dov.... fin, B on th" A 1M second f"'I~' dolo... b)/'hc >ide of ,ho: neck nf the violin.., 'h" fi .... rtip ,ouch ... the polm of)'<M hand _ kccpinl 'ho "",on
,ha,

Thi. i. un, ","",n why fi"i"l1 ,ha, .... not boin, uK<.! .h"..1d .. ay cl,,,,,, 1<1 ' he IInnll" - Ihey nmlin invoh>:d in ,lie pllyinl by h.lp;n, to ........ n d;OIancu O
186.:

In,,,,,,,ion

#.Kending

• l)e.s(ending

•

•

Each 1>0, ronlOin, ,WQ ordin"y nc or 'W" x_n", ... Play el cb 1>:0, in ,.Iuw differen' WI )", u,ini "'•• _m)' .. IS r"I1""..,

!'Ia)' th. x-nO'. a! on ordina,y ~u'''
I~ay the rID' quart~'_n<>I' and I.ft the bow offthe .. ring. Without playing ,t, pia"" Ih. x-nO'. (or no'<1) .".ndy on the "ring. l'lay ,he I." quarter-no,. of 'he bar, r"
"r'he

l Do not PUt the x-no,e (or nO'<1) on the "rinll_ While p l.ying ,he firs' qu . .. or'_not< mentally pitch 'he

x-note, and ' tt,1I ,he f«ling of i, un ,he I,rinll.

J"', the ,"ond
to

this

i..lJfinru . · not • .

•

II;

•

I

Play in • varie,y of ~'YS to cov.:r differen, 'un ..... mi,o"" !'".. ihili,;,:",

Other posltlon1 PIa)' Ihe same n", .. in other

""t.'-..,

Intona,i""

Guide-not.s Guide-no, .. arc" *"<'Ure way to r.nd the CQrI'C('I b.nd poIilion o . ""'~, .;,b..,. aft ... Offl "'" . S p. ft of .hiftinllll,eh n;~"" .' In ,he foU_inll rwo cxampl .. , the ' I<:ml ... no, .. " ", q"lckly ploeod <)1'1 the "'Inc withou. bcin, ~:

n 1!N
,-

. ,. .. . . ,~, •• ", • • 7J, ..... 1

This .....1'CtK intludn " ..ido: variety of dofJflm, f'I)U,n '0 tacb I'0(Il0. AI\boua:b _ of thnn "'"1 ncm bo uW
)

-,

•

SU.n.Jr ,,1..,< the (tn, thm luide-not.., Ind only play the fo urth,

~

Play the ' d.ttin.,i"" nol.' o nlY, lI
,

SMn,Iy pl~.he ",IdN'()lrIo \)1'1 ,ht SIring toaelher I I 'b ioc[Q' (lI l~ougli pI.yin,. OOubl. IIOP 011 Ofte strine). Sound the destitution noI<: only.

1 PI.y IU

.be lu i d~'nOl "

of I IlrouP equally (oe. Ulmplc below),

2 Pl • ..., the (" ., Jl'id... noI. Mill. I.ring

_........-_.,.......... ... __""'-, "' .... _

I'Ia« ,ho

wi""'".

pllyinll k (wrillcn I. a n X,noIO), Ind .hen play all tilt

f>nt IlrId s->nd pide-not.. ",tho", playin, them, IlrId play all """ o,hcn.

7 Silently pIaa: ,hot block> "" qutdly, in .bupa«! of .... lh SW)nd oU". tbM it fC !he desll ....ion _ . .."h """ _ilia".

',.,.--~ -.~

__ "'5_.... '"'-, "" "'" .,'"'' .....

_5--.......--._........ ..... . .. -...._ . _._....--. _ n - ......

....

1b

~w

linlt pl)y 1:11... 1,6 ond 7 only.

Play Qn ~.ell strin~. Add shorpt aDd

n.." .0 ,lie .rrival note 10 OO¥er """" possibUnin.

S ",.: l b 1P«d liP th~ ...... k pnt.i.. SwN",,,rimu {PI'" 110),.m.cc ......,. pidN."'CI .... wm .

.....

--,'........, "'- ....

In,,,,,"ion

,

"

~ ,

-.,,:

2nd position

ltd position

tit! position

II

I t, • ,

ith position

I

II

INST1T\TfO DE ARlES

In,onlti.on

6th position

7th position

Sthposition

'1'1'y;ng in ,une' mo,n. Ih01 lbo", .. . delin,,. IlruelU'. 10 lb. in'on.,ion, Uniform ;nll", . ,ion e><er<:;..es .,.., • quick and d ree,;'" WI)' 10 m,k. in,on ..1on Co"-,i.,.nl, .,, lb01 lh. "me n", .., pl l~ Wilb Iny fin~cr in Iny <>C1I''', ItC 1M .am" pitch. They.,.., ex,.lkm ~ith~r for .w"dopmg lc,hniquc, 1>1' i$ lime•• vin& worm-up ""erd.... . ,

Uniform intonation

In the <>pcn;ng .,fIM Bruch Concerto, lh. G'o, D', and A', mould be in luno ";Ih the open "rings, The ~~ con be pl.)'Cd bigh, clC>k 10 the G, Every , hnuld be Kkn.kal, and luncd 1(>'10' (OJ' 'k.dinll notc' """" loA) 1o hdp erolle Ihe d.rk, G mino, eh.rae,.. or ,he pu.. go:

s>

Violin Con«no in (; mOt"", "",

~~,

,_.

"""'_ 1

In p.a ... g.. like lh. roli(>'lO'ing, .''Cry E, C' . nd A muO! be ;,knlkal, on lhal from E d(>'lO'n ' 0 A i •• p'lO'n ' 0 E i• • Itu' p
,

• • In Ihm

u.m~,

G

.' •"

. " .1

,•

"

Violin C;mCCfl0 in

I),

op, 61, 100'0', [ Il-rtIhoY,n

ronst.n,ly ,hect th., n", .. are in lune by c<»nporinS Ihem .;.;n., Ih. followinll"

Turn: ," the open 0

Thne (!'(1m G Thnc from A Tunc 10 Ihe open /I. Th ... from A Th ... from '" Til"" from II Th .... from C

l'trf,"" fourthlfifth from G Tun. from C

It1l'l
,

Tunc frum D

•,I" , •

Thno frum D

,I

' I\>ne rn,m t:C

(I

" •

Tunc to Ih. Th"e from

QIlCn [)

9-

'!Un. from E Thn.

'0 ,h. <>I'
'I\100

f!'(lm E

Tun. from F Tune from G

or lhe eXICI pno,irio., Or ..Ch no,.,.nd tho ,dllion,hil>' of eleh nole I"

the lurroundinll nol .., il i. ,hen "",'ibl" 10 pl.y lhe sam. lett« n' mes, whicbe>w """'-' Ihey occur in, tuC~y

in .un.: with e.cb

OIh<1',

Prattioe method 42 I;,ud ...... <.prica,

RO,

10

Kreutzer

_ ..... '"'-,"."' 1'..--. "

......,,,""-... ......... 'tho ."" """'9 ~

C4mp. r. lh.

"" Iw,th .ach 0 lher, pl.ying them I

......

PI.y lhe x_nOl." ppp.

"..

-_",". -_ ... -. ---"., ,,,n,,,.

"'_~G_,

_ "'''''9'0'' ~- ""

--

•

H,,*n:I... I Play aU II>< Il'.. in ~'UJ p",,'bk pi"" on each min8, and !hen . 11 II>< C .. C .... I.)', and won. U.. lIlY lin"'....... • Comwltly ch«k .... _ .... deI.aibnt .~. For ...... pk, if)'OU "'" , ....1ntI all the II\, I"' lilt . 10JIPftl """.. by pill"" opotI A'J In be ....'"". Ir,..., an .un;'" "'" Iocq> tht.:1wI& the p~dI by pII)i", third Ii"l" G on 1M I) " n "l foI~ by I«Ond ("'I/O' I". •

Eu..,pI.

II!!A£ f-"~n:I..,

,,

It.

D OD

1

Connn ... clCh olthn.! 1>&" up .... ft""" T he eumpk bck>w lh.,.., bar 2 wrin ... "'" in fu U. • Tho pi,ch of the Kwnd and the fourlh noc .. Uwuld "" idonlic.1.

• UK "'Pl ..... bows, m.lUng ;1 loOund

E....,pli (usina bar 2)

In.onl'''''''

'"

."

~,

if rJwr ...... "" 'hifr~ AI ... pll YsJurrod.

Un,IOflfl ""ONt,oor

f ..crdH J

• ConI"'''' the exc1'C\1oC '''' S, C, <'Ie., II far up the ....". I. fIO"-Iblc. • C",,.landy chcd; nol"" IpmOl OI"'~ .. deKribod un P11IC 191.

Finge r .,.tte rns this

in the key.nd rcllo.od I:cyt of your <:UI"rcnl rq"Iefloin: .' Doin& .h io II a NUo, of IOIIU...., bd_ pltyifta; ..... pifce ludf, ""''''' many inlOfl.ltiorl problem. bcf_ tMr arise. ~itc

~

• 1\mc elch bor ~.Iy lb .... m. '" .hl' n-.:ry

n(I"

io idcnticlol,

wbl'~.. r

lb. "",Il;on .

• 1\ io 001 rIfl:nunly .hc ptI;nt orthi. ... «dJ<"" be .ble to pl.,..11 the not .. rominu<>u,J~.ln lune . widwu. lIoPPina. Kolbet. ploy thn,u&l> from bq:inninll to end. «'P<1tina: part",ul" b.~ KWrol limn '" find ""octly ,he .igh •• unin,. Play slowly, uli... ti ...... ..-plro,. bowl Of .Iurrcd, and _""""" ,lot fNI of nch IN:lUP of Mtn. • Fin! ploy wi"""'. Yibroto, and then with wibn"!o.

• Play"''''''''' in
nwo. aU ..... "",co Ind ,~.on< pI"et""'

.. ,.. ........ .--.--.,..

--_ _-'--'" .... ....... _.-------..... _.,. . .....-.. ........

-~

................... .._-."" ........ -""' ................ ",,-

.. ,.. ...... G _

INS11TVTO DE ARTES

ImonaOoo

•

194

Inlon.lion

unifOfm ,n,.,.,.t;O<1

Major and minor thirds •

Mal« the p;,clln of each In'<1wllden,;.al. C<:>nllan,ly cht<:k no'.1 .",in.' <>11",.. a. dncribc:d on poge 191.

• II is no, neen"Til)' me po;n, uf ,his cKerci", '0 be .bl<: ,,, ploy .n 'he 00' " con'inonu.ly. in tuM. "'i,hou, slOpping. Roth«, play groups of nOLOS .."" ...1 ,im.., learning the reeling of ,",'''''''' 'he hand and fin8""' 'f<. ",hil • ..,eking '0 m.ke the not•• identical, • I'il1t play withou, yibrltu, .nd thell with vibrato. • Tempo:

fin' play

,w-.., medium and fo".

"'p.a"". bows, ",,,,,,I<, ,,;m a 'r'""c between .ach nOLej then play .Iurml:

[nLOn.Lion

Lower

JXl'illon~

Hi\lher positions

96

Inlon.don

•

Tunlng lalles Iboms 'M ,unm, '" scalcIlI'OOnd peer. KIOI" ... 'M ...", .....r today. '1M eue' tuning of .... jor, minor, IUpmn'OO and d,mini.n.d in'er""l. ""pendo, ' 0 • «n.in ~ •• n., on indil-id .... III!!t and ,h. charact~. ~f .lIt mUI~. For .,..m"le, .om. "IIYO" ",.fer wide. (briah"') maio. d"nh , or no .."",.. , (d arlltt) minor ,hird., 'han "tho .... 111,11 perf.." in' .....1> _ fourth •. r. nh. Ind - I'" C'ithe, in

. U"~

<.>c,._

or "ot, It>
lM",fo... he r. ... not" '0 ,unc in I Kilt .'" """" of til. perfcc, in •• rvah - til, 'It, ·l tII Ind ,th ""''""'' 01 tho: Kilo. n.. nex' not ...o .tld . .. ' he Jrd.nd the 7,h.·n.e.. ... Nncd hid< so the :lrd •.... nto· '" '""""" in,o d>< 4th "'" .. 'M 7t11 •.... n ..• ' 0 '"""'"'" ;"'0 1M OC, .... .

,h.o,

."..., tho 2nd io plo«d bnwcm tho II, and 3rd,.1td tho 6,h be, ....... 'M "h and "h. If ' M JI~r io ~ I ~ }n:I In
"'!H'

"""=

Ref<>« " llyin& I:Omp'e,. KII" in their UIUal o.dor. 'unc c. eh no," indi,·k!ually. ikl,n with perfec. in •••vah . ~ the ·lth, til. Sth. oo ,h. oc,."" .o the .onic . (I n ,hi. key, III ""'" UIould bt tun«! '0 the upen 'UinP.)

,,,",=

•

"h, rno,h" , rlay <)nly Ihe 4,h, Sth .ntI oc ...... bUI .il.n,ly ronit"' the Idt-ou . ""'", wnnen h.", 1$ ~ ·no

.."

J Thm add ,h. Wind the

'Ilt. f_I,he 3rd leadinl up to tho 4th.lnd thc 7th leldina up ' 0 ,I>< OCTa,·, .

•

I "dd the ,_ "'.... ininl notct, the 2nd Ind lbe 6'h. l'\oa tbe 2nd m;.l",.. y bt,,,"C<1l ,be h ' Ind the lrd, In
hi,.., '"

Alt ...." ly. note orde r

1

1 , ~ , ', 8.

1 1, 4, 1 - S, 8, 7.ThIl order malon il ~ ...y ' 0 menu.. the)rd from the "til and til . 71lt from tlw 8th.

) 1. 4,),2, J - 5, 8, 7, 6, 5."ThH onkr makes it ... y ' 0 pIac
""twttn the I"

I 111m play Ihc compl<1c oak In the proper order.

In""",bon

Ig1

tuning accidentals from natur.. ls • In"","" '"xptn,n-.: "'rona"",,'~' .une~· semi'''D< do"" I". nOl ...... ' "1<>«'" tit< fbts ( low t" 1M "",,,,,,I boluw, ....t oq....,u !he wrpo dooe 10 Ih< ",,,uroIlbow. reel the W'l" 'Iudinc' "I'1Ind Ih< ..,. 'I..d~· down. •

~oril

pb)' without

.-ibn,,,, ond thm with ,ibraio.

ext"",l ... I

",,,eftI. """

Toke each of !he (01"'""';". ""'. by Ont, and I'll)' it in "'~ JIQOIoibk ~ "" ,be ronll<'ri>riI ." " ,ruup m.rU
A. $1\"".... in ,h. oxampk bo'''''', play ..eh II""'P of (mo, ""'.. ,,;(11 four finlJCrinlP (",-h""".." pooliblc): ()<\ rho _<>pd, ,hird ~nd fOtl.Lh fln, ... ,

"'r! ueh ""up on the flrt, finller, ,hen

• . _.---'--.. ---_ _ ---

Eu .d ... l 1bc IlrouP ","rked wi'" an ... tri$k n "",ncn ""r in fuU ;" thc u3mpk bolow.

,

~-

...

.......... ....... "". ,..,,,. ................. .... ...... ~.-

... _ _ _ _ al.

1~

Intonalion

•

.-

r"".

AI thoorn in the nampl. I:>ftow, play cKh lroup of ro.., ..........hll lin ...;.... IUn "och "","I' '"' the r..... linen, .... n on the oecond, ,11"""rod Nunh rmgn"

(who~""

r-lib!c):

w .doel

• like nch of 1M fol""'int nul' ""Ucn!t OM by OM, lJId pt.y ,MIn in m.lII)I d~n, pot. .. _,." "-"11 on "'" caamplr hok.w" Ute • ,"at1«)" of fi~ • C.. aprn C, or I I I p
Eu mpl,

In,ON"""

•

Wide ilnd nilrrow semitones Bc,it: ru/" In, ....,,'_ ;, wid< !liN"""" 1M

It"" n~"". dft ,Iu '~'"'. ' ., ., C-<,i, ~D' ,lot Hmi.e'lt is na""",

.............. ,h. k".. '"".u ~ .. <1ilfr,,,,'••., .• ,,'. F, Cl- D.

In 'his ~umpl., narrow ",m;.ones ore mocked with I V, wid, ""mi.",,« with. OCacket:

Each bot in ,hi. ~,,"rci •• includ.. sha",. and n ... ,h.., on the ~.)'bo.rJ , would be ~on , icll .' l'or Ih< purposn of thc ~ •• rcit<:, ploy the sharps 1M , Iou 10 ,It< ndwm/ """"", and 'he a' ,Iou '" ,lot ,,,,,• .01 /HI"", •• a<:<:opIol>ly possible. F«I the 'harps 'loading up' to !h" "a,ural .00>.-", and the 'l•• ding do..... ' [" .he "a,unl btlo",. A_AI (fingcced I_ I), feel. much furthor.p.n ,h.n A- " ( 1- 2).

fl.,.

•

I'l oy each group of two b;!. .. wi,h 11>.... fingerings: "an on tho firsl, ,""cond and thiN fing
• l'l.y
",~ryv.'h<':"e

• Fi,..t pilY II1lboutllibralo. Ind thtn \lith vibrato.

-'~...,-

"--..., .. . ' .... "'-I'

,.. . . . ,'Lf,,.....,

"""""..... 0<> ... _

_

""'-~""' .. '""II'" .............. ""'"""""'""'''' ... ......

---.,......._,........""""..... .... "" "" ,.....

_............. _"'"" " --, .,,_010\_ .:.- ' : '

_

.,... ",",,,,,, 01

......

Iho . . ........... .

_-' ---,

-~-

.....

"'_C--01_ _ _ _ ' 916). ,

i"u",adon

fl."

Example

on tho

r,n~rb<:>aN,

No. 1 i. " 'riuon

CrIIt

&e",illC S Silent <• • f'ci~ ,,",;thout the 00v.', topping ,h. linge .... in time with the me.ronome. PUt the finSe .. of neh chord on [he minll one at a lime in .he onk,. 4- 3 2- 1 (whalOver "rin" ,I\<, f,n,< r1 .n: on),

""'i[ion .he h.nd to f,"'>ilr .h. four.h fin~c,., "" [ha, i, ;. eun....J, ITlax~ and C'illi eaeh finger in :um. M "," in qua"o,...

""'.. (e,.",.h.,,), eiihth·nv""

('1ua~r.)

and .;"t,,,,nlh·nOI<1i (..,miqu ..... n) • •• I h",,:n in 'he ."ample,

Move the fing<:,", from the blIlo< jQint, no, from [he middle join•. Keep ,he: b.ek of .h. hand and "rai"" lino . Kc

f",...rm in I

uft

~ 1and

101

Single notes

Tone-semltone groups

!'lay varioo.

,,,...,........,i,OIlC I""'P' (e.I-, .......iIonL---.........

'"...,........,U"...,...'OII~, fin~$Oq~:

Ikpca, the-

fi~
up Il>f """I, I "nu,"""

",m." fi r "

• PlIY ooch group "'l' ,he • Con ... n,ly c~<:dt O'J. D'o, them on

'<>ne-'......-mi"'"'"

12, Il,

l~; 2},

!tip... each

.1<:.)

"""I ....

24; }~; o. "2, "I ; l2. l l:2!.

'ime... fl' II In ~ .... mott.

pooolbIo, I scmi,...... higher nch u ......

A·' ..... Il "s " 'ith ,he <>pon mi,,£,. ,0.100 chcd, aroup' "r _

r. .", posilion.l.llci
IOOoc,

.. by pll)inl

"ndi", the ume ri.e"" in tht" ro...a p",i,iofI.

• Le.", tho fi ..... fJIl3CT ligh.ly d",,"n on th. ",;nll, and 1••, .. ~wy Olh ... finllC' \I"",'n ,,·hcfe\.., poooibk • A,)V" li(, u~h f"'lcr, ""ep tho (ifill" in 'he 111m. "'ope OS i, WI. "·h.,, IT w.. on the ,"in,. U f, th. !ina" from the b .... joint.

• I'1ly on ... ell .uinl. fumple: the fi"",""o ban of the uen: ... (marlted "), """;".n OUt in

ruu.

Qulek pI.ctlw I'll)'

;u •• one or

'''"0 ..-que"".. of .ocll II"'''P In low, middle and "ian pooi.iom: or plly " ...ia/l. throup

""m. .... f<>Uowbl "
Complete ton~Itone !NOII..-". I'In8<' 111 of th_"," bl" 1- 2- H, anll pilY 11>0<...

(:)T--...m,...... _

'. 202

In, _ _

,.

!PI)

IIIe "

'uin& \I$;n,

the Kq"~rn:. ~'n in .he c •• mpk

INSllTVTO OE ..ATES InKlnlDon

Double stops' E.ch exorci.., is "Tilton <>tit ifpo<.ible.

.i ~

lime., e.ch time . .. mitonc higher.

E"e ..d .. I - s.em itone-Ione-Ione

InlOnation

Contin~o

high.". up the ,mill!

Inlona,_

Thirds Thil _I;nc " "/IImcc «m,";n, ."'.,. ,on.-tan;'""" p<»1ibi~1y for pain of lhir
n....

oequmcc it "Tit' ... "u, r.~ Ii"",", I ",mi".... h;gher nch timr. Con,in"" hiaMr up the

if "",tiblo.

s-.lIqonnp ...

I"""

AI", play Iht II....

Kqllm«

on 1M 0-0 llnd A- E ..riI'IlI' .

•

Hold d",,·n (he firs. fin~r (hrouJlloY •. K«p (he hind in 0"" p<>Ii.i<.>n, ,,·iWM ctwlllinli II IQ IIIi1 each iMil"ldual fir1iCf. K«p alllht fi~ ....... 111. lIn..,. rudy to drop, .......". ilion pullm, th.m block .....}. from the .. ';nas-

I Otop ond lof, n",... quic:ltJy, .. IIle •• poo,iblc. l.Alm to 'he ·pin.' II ,h. flnlle .. ,,,,,,II o. I.., .. the ... inl . • ' 'Top .... lovo... fin"," lip.tly on ~

th. ll'lnll ber...... h/tina hiaJ>« finll"n. Tlw:n "';.. 'M playinll f"'II<'

JIO"lbl< m<>rnmt .'

Chromatic sequence Hold down th<: fim fLng•• throUP."'II.

-,.

'!ot,.....,

!monltion

,

Otker strings

Harmonic sequence

n"w d"",'n ,he Ii", /lng<1" throughuut.

~08

In,,,notion

.,.

Otlle. strings

In,on"ion

2011

rm...:! nll
Perfect fourths •

OK

fIOIld r.... "'u""" o"!"""!,,,,, Mel .... !her

.,.. citl><. In tum:...- nut or ... m:, .,;.110" •• ny ch<>i<., whe .... mil•• inte. val. can, h, . ~.! .in dog"' •. lx ...iIk< ". ~'''''''''r I cc(l«hnl W 1M•• ..". (On'O~I.

"me I»nmK 00 ~ ~ir or SIrinp. oonlinuinJ 1M dlamplH hither ,,~ tile $I";nl .. r..

!'by lhe as pt>ftlbIe.

• A,..... j'I d"", both f~~ ........1>< •• Do "'" pi"". "m: and !hen III. ml>< •.

• J>lIY .lo.... ly, bu. drop the finl"" on.o Ih. , ,,ina q"kkly Mnd dodlWtly. •

II;' 1'10< """tSll, ily Ill. pOUAly, in IWI<. without 1I1>J'f!U1&. ~.! 1fOUpl, '" punouJar of doubl< " ...... 10 marty tomco H n« "1'1 to .,.! !hem pcrlcctJy in ,...... ......yu\I r"",Ill$, ..... ke ....... hal the ·thlrd .one· " ex.:tly in lUtIC, !"ll CICIO,," the top ""'. of !he int
1»"

""\OW

•

1"",,'0 IIIe f" lm down un .h•• "i<\l .... h.«'\.. ' 1'O'0ible.

......

• AIWI,.. .omp.... Iny G, 0, A or Il wilh III. "pcn ",,"111"

Play lIutn:d Inc. .cpanl< """''' as " .. I) .. ",'
e

210

Hurd .. ,

Inton.tlon

Inlon'lion

P" It<1

~ 11

touuhs

Ins"""""..

Whclhn' )'01> !Ia.", In . " n .ibnto or I !land ¥ibn'", j, is ""Iprlll '" proctiK both l}-pn lirn:~ ~a
........ nll ott"" ol.l>tr. 0c0...,...11)· play >'ibntO ~.,g "ith tI>t ..,roIl

rnun, """n.....'0.11.

•

Fif5t joi nt

flexibility

I'll)' without

the II.......

'1'1", foO'St !<)4nt Or tIM: r"'lI<'r, ,he join, n<:lre.. oil_ nlil. ""tl l;~ • b.. kt on ,',b ... o. The ",orc 'he joinl is oU"",'cd '0 ,;,....

tm:

oil.

w,d,. and ,I"",,,,, ,h. vlbn.to be<:omcl, 11;S imp<m.'" nOl. 10 pilY with ,h. 'brak.' Jel in on. poti' lon

oil Ihe tim. _ ' I il '''''1)'1

~h.n$;"$

accordin!! 10 Ih" ,ib.. tu ",quirrd. 'The 'bnu' should ,.,dy be

rompl.,.ly on or romple,dy 01'1'. Smd and lUI""'"'' e..,11 r",II<" ., Ih<: fors. join,. E'IMr bend the finac, ;!Self, on j,. ",,-n, Of u .. th< hJ.nd ond r"'F' ' 0 bond the jQinl. Not. ,hal tI>t on&l. of Ih<: ..britO "'''' ,1M: ..ri",,, diaaoo.ll0 1M 'Iri",. • PI..,.. I rona« on tI>t string in iI...... mll, cur....J .... IW (!Ii&. 491). Straip .. n .... r..... ' from 1M moddk juln, '" 'M tip (F,.. 4~b); bend .pin, .... ish •• n Ip;n. ",c. M.~ the """...... nl quie tly

.not k>oocly.

bead..,.

rn'''''

• IkJu> ..,th

the finccr 'i#1'1y on the: ""rf"" 01" the win,. Whik and ,uo'''''.Pin&. lfl'luaUy 1>"1' hJ.rd(T un'~ pr<:Q"'1 tI>t II .... ' 10 ito .... ximum; lhen Crld ....11y r'Cic'"<' "",in ' 0 "'" IUrf..,. of ,he ''''''1.

• ~'1 in • Ol>1 motion. F«I how ""I.... d ,he fin&« ond lund is ",tten ~'i", liah.ly on Ihe It';l\a. IIId kH~ Ihll ...1... tiM " 'hil. pttIlln, Ih. "nnl,

I'l....,up

Ii"""

Rcl' " 'ith eteb rlllll<',

on Ill< . ..... - Io.co';'" _ he ....... e" . _ ""',,, - ijlh"', e,e,

,n ,. ., IDUI "",irion., _

n cb """,.

VoIInlU

Base joint Ploy without .he bow. li~ til(, lil"i' loin., 'he ba$< ioint at.",~ .. II' br.ke on llIe ,-jb"" o if it ;, p",v.:",N frQm movina. Th. actu,,1 a""'unt it m"'''''' may b<: "" link as 10 be inv;.ibl~, hu. if it i, not able 10 """'" at all !h_ whole hand may 1>«"",. tight .

Pm. I nd ",leI'" 'he ming, IS in the exc.d", Ibm.." but ,hi"im. mO\.. Ihe 1>&.. join. in and Out IS ..~1I a. ,be firs, ioin<. •

Il
t~.•

tongerlip "'ling li$h.ly on the . urfac" of the ,'ring (Fia. SOl).

• M",... the finger at 'he ba .. joi n. b\' pulling and pushing 'he muckle. Out and in. • The /ina" ",,,,jill.enl sliih.ly II you pull the knuckle '''''1 from the neck of the vwlin (1'1,. 5Gb) . Th. finger cu ....'c. again IS )~U po, h the knuckle back in (Fig. 50.). • While movin~ the knuckle< out Ind in, grodu.lly p ..... t .• fing<:' h.rder Ind ho."k.,. into the . ,rinl. un.;II>"'I$;1I110 the maximum. Then a""duall)' release '8~in \0 the . orfa.e of Ihe "rina, "ill ""-""iii .he knuck.l"" in . nd oul. !'uU <>II!

push in - pull OUt,
r R ,~.t

wi.h ea
fin~cr,

tho

in \';Ir",ut pOtitiont, on .~ch SIring,

Pul ling the bIMI joint OUt

Pu.hlng !he ba •• joint In

•

Circles Play with or wililnul th. bow,

,,''''''>

/>1 , .... in . iulin pl.yl"i arc no"cr in ••!'Oillhl linc.. , Ew,,) ",,,,"cnlCtll is dr
Rl"$' the 5<,.., 11 .g.in.. the w.n, U.. 01"0:

•

M""" .he h.n d in Clockw'" circl" (Fig. 51). T hink of the m~m.nt .. f""".rd _.nd-down on tb< doncd .ilVi.lI·no,t (quO'","), ba
fin a~r (m

tht Ilrin(l:.t •• imc.

• RI,..,.,.rd ",,,,,,,",e n' (dolled d lhth_nu' c): The flng... ;p ion ""01"" in.o thc onina; tIlc r",,«
• OlOckWlllrd monn. , n' (x- no, . ): TM fin¥c"il' I"<1c1!C> .hc .ui n,; 'he finll" ",. ilVi le"O. lilVi,ly.

M • ...., thi, circul.r m~rn.n. w;.h • •• h fins", in ... riou. potIi.ion$, on each .. ring.

21"

Vib ....to

Sliding ... reise.

Hand and arm movtments

Play "ith or wi.h;:"" .h. b<.».<', Kup . he finler, r~lox.d, ",,,h<)u , .~utui~ 8 '''II~.h
•

1-:u...:11IfI 1

Pby cKh bor .. b" as pOssible. T:K idu II 10 bq,n ""OIh • 1. . . widing "-,,mtn. up Ind down dM: and 8ndUltIly 10 .... ke II _lin and iITIalkr u"ti1 II bcwmct ~ width of • ~ibnolo. The Klual notft netd _ boo uxt,)'IX! <:II"I ..... ke the widin,
"""I,

• Do" I_}

Be,;n witb. II...., ':hd;.., """-m>rnt (...;nll ,he a,m or hand), and n:« ,he dos,ana Ind u.lIy. MQ>'<: the thumb "' ""II .. 'hf hInd u",,1 ,lit mlrina,

• Har 4

Wh .... ,b~ ,Iidini" only a qu ."o.·,one Of"', ,mull1y fi~ the fini« "" ,lie .,rinl W ,ha,.he f"'ll"rt;p "",Its ' 0 Ind fro .... ,th"Ut tlidi"" The boock""ard .....,...,m.n' k

w,,,,,," ..

• n ~ · no ... U,inl dw: lime hand '" I,m m""'<'men, .. in t..n . .... , play I '"l:fY ItlItrrow .,bnto, tIM: finge, roclunc .. t!ho.u. wid' ....

• lb . S

Hand vibrlto • MO\..- the fi""" ur Ind d""", , Jon. the """...... n' from the: fi,,£c,.

''''''1,

mO\'l" 1 the hand from tho wmt, and kid'''' the

Amt vlbrflo

,,,,c,he,,

• Mo'< ,he arm and h.nd Although the main """"mow, .tiIl le.d the mo-...... n' (rom tho finiertip,.nd lIiIl .1 1<>w \he hand ,0 II"" It 'ht

PlIY un ... h

"'m"

"n"" Vibnto

•

F.>
•

f1Jlg~rtip

1'1.., ba r : Shif' lightly. Kcop me ,humb in on.

,lid .. "" the .tting, and. vibra,o m,,,,,mcnl,

pl lce.s ,h. !inlier slidn.

~C
bar: Vibrate (without sliding the fin"" on ,h •• 'ring) usi"$ the sam •• rm .". hond mm_rn\ "'p~n' 'he backward ""'>"tmc.,1 or ,h. vibra,o, ,",'hich ilwuld "OJ! be hc.n!. Keep lhe join, "".
at in ,h. Ii.., bor. The x-nmos

Hind vibrato

Mm.'. 1M hand

u~

and down the ming from ,h. wri", " ';,Iiout l",i",ly moving the orrn. Le.d "'_

"",,'Omenl with 'he finger.

Arm vlb'l to M o,,, , ... "..." and hand l"llether. Although ""luC(!. Load th. ","'.. menl wilh ,h. fin .....

,h. main movement;' from the elbow, keep !he ""is''''Y

Pia)" "" oach m ,ng.

Tapping Ploy 'hio exc •• i.. without the bow, PIa« \h. W1<: nut """" ,he fingers ,hem,ekes _ mU\e ,h. h.nd up and down from 'ht wri>l. I

Tap !he fingcn (aU four at 01>«) on Ih. violin ,.bl< '0 ..... I.ft of tile fingerbo.ord_Top .. pidl)' in foors, leaving ,h. fi"i"r
"1', ,~p, "I', "1', tap-and ..,,,,, tap, tap,

'"I'. t.p, t' p-and...,,,,,, etc.

Z Do ,h. $Orne on ' he strings nUr Ihe hlp of [he 1

fin8~rb<>.anl.

T.p with One finger ... lime. on • ..,h "ring, "".r the '01' of,,,,, fingtrbvord.

Arm .. ibf~to K.'ep Ih. p.d of ,h. 'humb ., the 'OP of 'he violin n<"O\'inS ,be forearm, nOI ,h. h.nd ,

PlK.'''' ,humb alonll,h. lOP ,im ollhe ~Iolin .-

116

Vibrato

,.

•

Wall exercise Sland ",i,h you. left f=orm fl o, ogain" 0 "'oil , • Rapidly m,,,.., tho hInd backward. Ind f""""rd" from Ih<: w,;", w;,hou. from .h. "'aU , Steady the fo.. arm .. i,h you •• ight hand (Fill, S3.j,

me fOfurm cominlll"'*Y

• Make (he ... m. mnvcment, but m<Wini the ,,'holt ("",arm from the elbow, ,ht hand an d fort"m m,wing in on. pi<:<:e (1"", 53b),

Forearm rotation The chief m",..,men, of the (o ..... m i. bock"'ard, and (""" .. k l idt"'")" turning m",..,menl,

fu •• d"" 1

Withou, the " jolin, hold the left h.M ,n plo)'inll pofition, k""1 with the .hould«, t

Th", 'he foru.m a"tidockw;", $0 tho,lhe palm 10 .iolin pofttion ,

r.<~

''''or r",nn ~"u,'J"on 'urn cl"ck",i~ b. ck og.in

2 Mok. ,hi. m"'..,nltn. continuou,I)', bad ond f"'th, I . quickly", p<»lible _ tht h.r>d . h""ld I:><,.... "'c • bl". , Keep .''''ythin8 I"os<: - th< wrist, h.nd and fingers, and tht UP\X'r arm and .... "uld,·. , 3

~"jk tn.Jani 'hio ,umini tn"w",,,",, very . I""if m",.., ,h. tlbo", '" tM lof, and up (un,il ,h. palm raee. 'M f\<.>o' Ind 'he ar m i. horizomal),

,

Cominuina to make 'he ,uming ffi()''Cmcn" mu"c tho dbo.m' blck
.iilt" un,il the I rm

5 Do no1 stop ,he turning mO\... men" while c<)n1 i n~ousll' m""ing 'he a,m from pl.)ing Pl"i,;on '" pllm ,fadng,down p<»i, ion, and bo~k again , Ex.. rcl oe Z \1(Ii,hou, the oow,,.p the finH"" up and d"wn on the "ring quite qoicltl)'. one It • • ime, For the purP"k' of ,h. u.rd .. , d" not "''''''' 'he finger much - ,op b), ro •• ..

• A.!'<'u pu, .. eh finll'" dO\\'n , ,urn 'he r" .... m clock"'i"', A,)'\lu rai .. t ach tillier, ,urn .",idockw;", I WIY from th. fi",•• boIrd, •

K«p ,ht ,humb .. I".d, and recl k .u.ning "n ,h. 'iolin neck. Wit"""l bow ( 1

,h~

("",ar",

P...,crd .. J - Thumb I'.nly u • ru.h of f<>>cioul ma.,,,,wnl, bu, when lhe linacr ';b",'<:1 fQfWllnb ,he .humb """'.... bock.... rd$, .nd vi« ,.....,.. This m~m.nl i, . "ight rolIm, on the rl<"Ck o f.I>o "iolin: I fnet;"'n n", ... of the lef, lid. of ,he rnumb (lite lid\: rUlrnn, from the pll)'tf) muclln dIt neck ... I\en ,he fingcr vibnll.' forwJrdl (,oward. the brodJo), WI hcriibnl .. bock»1II"Ib.

n.. ....,....men,

io "" "ish' II to bo 11m.... invioible, but If i, n bk>ckcd the vib ... to may become It io jUl' .. """,h I PI" ,,( I rm >ibr1o.o .. o(hond ,ilmto.'

""'--,. ". ..._ _ ........... .... ... _..... .......... . ................... _--...... -.. _ .... _ ...... _"* _...

__ ..... _ ----_ .. -_ . .. -_ ... _ .... _ __ ... _(>to._......._.--........ -""-_...._---.. •

The

-""' --~

.-_eo

I"CflreKn\

!he back»...-d """,.. mem o f ,he >ibn., .... ..·hich """'Id "'" be hurd .

,, ,,

T1IVMB, S

'ense.

,, ,,

,, ,,

,,

-...,

...........

Iot . . _ _ _ ..

....

... ... .. .....

'

1l1li "'" _ . ~

_

..

.........

I i ....

-~

.......

............

'100-.. ....... _

... _,-,Jlj

. _.........-... -_ '-"'-_........-_.... """

........--.. ""'

,----_ .,., IIw I"'QI<' 1101

-"'-"..

.."

~.-

I

Vibra,o

• VIi",. norm.ol h.nd or arm ViM'O _ n l , roll ,ho fin~ futwaJd. four .ion<1, in I r"",1y dOIlN rhylhm. ", the ume timf, roll 'he thumb in the oppt>Ii •• dil"«"lion .

•

On the nell' fo""... r\l _men' (the liftll), m.ke I norma' arm o' h.nd vibrato, i.~.:

f........ rd, (""""rd, f _rd, forword, (otWl1d-lrwl-vib<-.,e (QrwHd, fOtWlOtd, ("","""", fonnrd, fwward _ond->itm>t~, et<:.

•

Ourifl& lho ""',.. .."h "",mol vibnlO, {ttl how ,ho vibno'o -.... '" be mudl .. from tho b.nd or ......

Rcpcl1 "'Ill ca<-h linp on

IWIutIon

e~h

from tho r.nccn as

otrl ....

tal ' I

R. '.uing to • hannonic Dwi:na tho f"",,-a.-.i ............. n. 01 ib.-.to,
dinhtn~ I ~

pooo~

in,,, 1M """,. n.. fifl&C1 ",Iuses 1M """"mien'.

""'" . li"",,ly durina "'" b.ockward 'Ooc p ...... ...... In IUIOOIllk ..... ult of "'anina ,he f\nJcr fo ....... rd - """". f'tt" II>< fini:
, S,." on. '1t"J~", 1', jUlilbovI: I!I <><> tho A II,in,.' Position tho ~~. on the 'lrinl clotr, ' 0 ,ho,;p of the 'lOr« thon ,,, the f>/'J, i.e., '1uil.

I

lIJ'I"ishi ( i'il. 54.,.

tho fl..,..,. back , ...... rIk "'" pad. A, IM .. me nrJw uri,", ' 0 ph)< 1M harmonic Ii MOf'e of !he 1*1 now ,,,,,,,,,", tho WIllI .......n "'"

Ulina. """""I hind or Irm vibrolO _menl, roll _~ ~

(man

Oan.. (Fill. 541» . Do not slide 1M f\nJcr 11on& the

win, H

thoogb oIIiftifl& .

J Roll forward tOWIrd. 1M rlOl
n.. hlrmonic sh()uld IOUI1d clearly. ['I&y f , ",th on even lI<)und. Rcpcll with._

f\nJcr,

IlWI on
.tri"" . .in.

"".monies.

The finge, In it. fo rward. 'Into-tM-not. ' position

The IInge' rolled INck. rele .. lng the . Ulng

'Swinging' the hand In arm vibrato The m"",m.m of tho .,m, in atm "ibto!'" CIUsa • p.,,;'.. movem.nt in ~ hand. Th .... ;. no ICtm: hind mO\.. m"n" bu, I n "J"'dSl-i",";~. Mckwlrdl-lnd·rO,wotd. """",men. in the oPl'<>'it. diroction '" the .rm . Iflhc: f~rm and hInd m"'"., "n" unbroken unit, thi'lend. to produce 'lOY/ and wid. vibrat(>J, and you ha,...o work much h.rd.r tha" n« ..... y. In "'m "ibn,,, i. is !>O",iblo to C
In 'hi' uerriu, '""" of Ih. hand "",... ".."" i, a~ a
U. in, . movement from the arm, 100.. 1)" ·.wing· the hand. I

Swing the hand backward. Ind fo,ward •. If )·ou .... lIy 1110",' th,· hand 10 II'> floppy, • ,mall movemont in the I,m producc.o I I....., m"''''''Ont in the hond.

2 Swing ,h. hand from 'ide 10 lide, .. tlIou&Jl wivi", to yourself. J

Swi", the hand in cI ... lel , c]<;kwi..,. Rellx the f,ng<:fI, hi nd and ",'rin, Ind let I .mall cl"",I., mOV<men, in tlI. foreo,m produce I Ilrge ci ... uLar m""'ment in the hand.

•

Vibrating harmonics Alternat. be ....... n a h.rmonic and a ",opped h.rmonic Ind Ih. $toppW note .

""<e. Vibrate In the time without " "Ppin., during bolh the

• C,mpl
• To change from th~ h .. monk '0 ' he ""ppW note, nl"'''' the fi",er down into the ",ina: without OlOl'pina tho ,;bratQ, .nd ~Ieas< Ihe ttnnlllno"k to the harmonic , .. rf .lo,,'lf.

Rq>eat on the otht,

WI')'

"orvtv,

''"''is u.ing ,h. equi...1.nt harmonia.

Vibrato

Keeping the scroll still The aim ,,( thi. ntt<:i<¢;' 10 be . ble ". rna ••• fo=ful 'ibrato Thit " "(It po.. ibl. if the hand i. ,i,tu.

I

,,"';'M'"

tho scroll of the violin movi<>g

Play. w='y ,I""" wry narrow vib"""

2 Look ", ,he .....,11. Ifi' mO\"ft .""n 'he smallest Imount. n~.x the 'humb, hand and fin.lltt'l,or ch."", the di l'«tion of Ih< vibrato, until the >emU " "3'1 ~rf"'t1y &liII.

""cd

1 Gradually inc ....., ,h •• .00 ...idlh of ,h. "ibra,,, If ,h • ..,mll besin. [0 $nodually d«r •• .., the .peed and width "",in untll the Kroll;. Olin. •

"'ov<

.""n .liaJl11y,

,id.

Discm-w ",hal makes 'he K",II ,hake, light lhumbl _ ,,( firs, fin"" d.mring .gain" the n
S Rel ax the ha,d or aher ,he ",ovemcnt. and then B"'duaU)" inc~ • .., the '1"'<'<1 and " id,n again. 6 Wnlin". until the ,ihr.. " i. very fa .. on
"'''p'.

Upper arm A «""mon cou .. of t.nsion i. the "ppcr arm bting pulled dO$< in ({) the body a, part of the ~ibrato mowm.nt, ;''111<:><1 of 'he upper arm Slaying .el.xc.J ~nd 'honflinK' notu ... lIy. Thi, ucrcit.e the ';bralo aclion from 'ho 'Cli<:on of pulling the upper •• m ,iJo"'ays.

0<1'""'''''

u .. the riJht hond I , I ';olin 'neck' _ pUI,hc Icfl,humb in Ibe palm of the right hand, the the bock ufthe hond Of. 'fingerboard' (l'ig. 551),

fin ~

ulin,

•

l-Iold~ the lefl

hand in pl.y~ po,it;"", mIke a normol vibra,O movement (0 "Ti" or an arm "ibnl,,)_

•

~"hll. ';bnt,inll. m",oe Ih. right hand back.., Ihat il i. ab..lo... Iheleft ~ho"ld.r (l'iI:. ~5b), m aki"8 "' I.rge. 'pa
• Also vibrate ;n iui,a, ~ «II" pOfilion, Or wi,h the Iell hand bohind )"01,1, h.ad, elC. 1'«1 how the vibrato ITIOV<me"t .a" cununue ,..i,hQulthc UPll'l'r arm ten.ing, or pullil18 in tu the right. The ,;"I;n i..elf can b< u,cd in".ad of the hInd (Fig. ~5c).

U,lng th. M nd I • • violin ' ......

n.. Yiolin CIOn be uSt
>2,

Vib",'o

Note the or-n .paca bIt_n ",. upr-' orm .nd ,,,"11

•

Vibrating at any speed Like tone productk>n •• erei",. on one notc, thi. ke)' e. «<:i"" wlrm .. up m.thod which oficn bccum~ pa" of the ",utine uf .'"ryday praetke.

n • •u.. ijlh,f",,,,,,rd p,"clice 0 '

Vibra,u i, mad~ with unly one llC1iI'C mov.men" ,,'hieh i, jom"ni to the ;n .. w"" note, The Mckw.nl m",,,ment i. Hke I ",bound. ·illi. i•• imilll .0 dappina:, wh.", th,,,, " only on. oeti,,, m"",ntent to brinll the hands t<>g<:,her, not an act;v. m",,,men, 'ou,' to brillll ,hem apar" Lh. hanJo iO 'in in _In_in', not 'in-Qu,~in.o u", Similarly the vibrato mOvem.n t " 'f"rwo,d - rorword- forwa,d- furwlrd', no, 'forwud-bock- fOlWllrd- blc k', The fo,ward m<w<:m"", of .h. vibra.o pu!h.. , lijlhtly more deeply into 'be .trinll. Th. h•• kv...1<1 m<Wem.", oIijlh,ly ,"I~.... ,h •• "in~, The dOlled eiahlh-no,e " the fo........d, in .. ,une pilCh of
The x· not" F " fonnrd O_bo..

i

!'BFBF

I

I II

II

F H F H F

and .. """

P""lise on 10l1li, • .,sta ined nOtd, with tM me,ronome, I IWI)" plly,ng fuur beall on the d QYo'O 'bow Ind four be ... On !he up-bow. Begin , Jowl)' at 60. Then eepe.t .. 66, 72, 8(), etc " up TO aboll' 108. l

One vibl"llto per bell (ba,., 1- 2) ,

2 Two "ibrat", per hr.! (bars 3-4).

1 FOur vibralos on the

fillllx~l, ~nd

Ihen Itop lh.

fin~r,

in lunr, on Lhe ~on~ bta, (ball ' . 0).

['lay forward, fo rward, forward, forward , foru'.rd,"nd-"op on the in .. tune not•. Play I few n
Vibrato accents U. u.ll y you h... ,o guard 181;n" on: hind hri"i influenced by ,,'ha, the o,h.r hI nd I, doinl. H.,e, thot problem . on be turned into on od,... ntage: to.peed up ,;bl"lll" I., Lh. left h.nd b:: .ffc<:.cd by 'he right , '" th.t ,he aua.k in the bow htlptt 10 gi", 0 'kiCk',,, tbe hrJinnini of Lhe vibrato.

lki,.

J'O$1.... tuw, heavy-light_

Vih .... o

F."....,ow, wid~o."""'.

1'1",. few nOt,,, on •• ch minll with each flnaer, in low, middl. and high po
INSTlnJTO DE Nm!S

Vibrato

•

The ~a$icst......,. ' " inctrt$c vib.,,,., 11l«'I" I" mike i. n....-ou. H~, in th .. ~, in onkr to iooI.. ~ 1M ,1nn ... ,.. 1he ....;dlb mno"" tM ...... "'hilt the ,Pft'd <;/I_n;n. '1M d " ...,d ~

c~tlI _ nolC

" II>< r~,

" _nO, e

• \he

in_, ...... pitch of 11K vibrato.

b.ckwont~.

whieb

~k*W$

four put.n

poT

1M Itn". and

Iwlily~.

b...

PI.oy continuous ",hok ~ down· and up-bow, on """ note,

rq>ao'"

• PIq four I!'IWQo"""< bc'MI .... - " bow. Swt M 60, then 6$, 72, 110, eK•• up",.bout lOB. • A, nch mnd then 2. ) and .. ,ibn'Ofo,

,ibn'"

'U"tt

• Al ..dlm.,...-lpt'rd. pI.y 1M l. 2,} and 4 ';bn,OIo wuh I ~ry n.olTOW "bnlG, thm with • m.dium, aad firlaJly' wid. ,ib ... ,,). •

Make ,UK th .. IU" ;ncr.." ""'y the numbl. p(r bUt, Ind lhll lh~ wid,h of "'....,0 wh"obe. na""""" medium"" wid" _

"")'I.be .. "'•.

AI.., play . he ....,,,,ik in """'r5C unlet ." d~ .. u. •.•. , 4 , 3, 4 , 2, 3, 1,

.'e.

< nurnbo't of pul~ '" another,

I'tIY . fe.... "01" "" •• eh II1in; with w, middk .nd

hi~

""'it.......

Div iding semitones

"g,1dth

Thill ntrciw -=o:U>n \he .... and tho< r...,... '" the ilich'<01. ... " ..ion ... pi.eII, ""'kina: j, ....... to play ....nIl II>< ... rmwn•• puteII vibnlO "'hidllOOltldt liM D" 0 811118 R, CCcccccc. nc o- in o\h<'r .."rdI, ooundu., bu one: p ,\(h "'hid> IhrobII ... \her than I wid. oIldin, 01 th~ potCh bct ..~ III~ i'self and III..."'" no,. nltl.nod. II ;'11$0 an ou.H:nt inu"",,;"'" .... ~: 1If,.. pllyina I 6-4111 ",. 128,h of I toa., I semico". 100m, I hu •• d r.,""".

_<

1'IIY each .. Il;< completely willl(>l>' vibraco.

I In ' hird poti!lun gn IIIe A , ,,inl, pilY H_D-Il. I' loy firmly, wi lli •• p.",. bowJ."I'unc bo,h IUl''''O "'" upon mingo. 2 M.lluri", eucdy halfway MlWftn III. D-Il, pilY I ·,.mp
•

M"....rina; naclly halr....y M"""" the nCE, play I '1u.,.,<'1"--' ploy Il-IJI pi... I '1uan..·, __ E. N_ ""Iy .... '" one: r.",.., (I1xk oIi",dy up III down ' 0 lind the pi,e""'), plly Il _ then the ROI' III cichlll-,<>n>O """'" - then the n "pin.

S Continue hal..u.. throu", "" 16th, 32nd, Mth Ind l2Sth ml'OM. Al\t.-.yI play Il, ,..... the fraction uf I 10M bd_, and 11",,, lIM: Il .p.... Conlinudy dM:ck liM: n ,u ml u lun Lha, k it "'jth liM: <>peD In;....

""'-.yo ... ,.....

!'lay I r.... no, ..

"".ocb 11ri... wi,h n eh fon,", in I
V'riJ,tion

1

r~IY

D-E.

2 I'I.y ~uII ~iton<1:

222

Vib"""

I)-oLe.

)

I'1I Y ruur «lu ll ql>'rlc,-,on..: 1)· 0 plUl1 q .... ".r-to'*"OI 01 1'1...... qua".,...''''' .... !!.

•

' 'II)' "i",' oijl>'h•• Ind

$0

on .. fir I. """,ibk ,

Flngartip and pad VibralO is nl",,",,'" "'hen the fo"ftt ;. placed ''tty upri&ht on th" Itrina, '" thlt th. tip of til< r"'fI<'tft<>p'l th. llrinl. Placinl tho IIn.c. nl Ue., '" th.t """" of the pad touoh... the Ilring, produon • vibrato.

wid.,

In thi. c .. m"" chang. the vibra,o frum ",'y n.,row ' 0 ''''Y wid ••• nd ,hcn back ' 0 ve.y narrow apin. U.. onl, ,he differen, PI'" of ,he r",,."i1' I nd po
Iuond

00" .,... m.oo.mtnl • •

Vibra,e Oft one lon, D: each IOOttnm.notC (oem;qUl .... ) ,c p"=" dw """.. ti,I, ;"...1.... pitdl oItho vibra,o. ,

8qon .....th I rwrow Yibntoo, pllyinc with til< r.......

J

Vcry andUlU, n.u ... th< r",,., '" tho, you _ more and more 01 ,,," pad. Do lot lot the pitch of Ibt "Ole ...1= _ the only ohan,.1houkl be: ,hll til< vibra.o paduilly becom.. will ....

J

Cun,inue,o wid.n 'h" vibrato to the maximum; Ihen ~ .. du. lly na .."", i, blck on .0 the r'''lIcrtip.

~ I

>nUCII Oft

the

fi~

,n

.h.

minimum by moving

row not. . Oft eocll win. ""th <:ach f""cr, in lolli, middle.nd hiall p<>Sitioo&.

•

Changing width without changing spaflI PIq """lin.........·hoIe

bQw$,

00...... and up, 011 ont "",c. Play I"ov.. bo ... on e_ bow.

• Play fout "';bn,,,, '0' be.t (lIke vibro,o ',uu«nth ·r>O,n '). Vibn, . ... nll th. mc, ron<m"I. It (10, 'hen ..,pc.t It 66, 72, 80, ctc., up'" lbou. 100.

• Al cach mcrronome , peed bqin ""th the nlt"fUWelt p<>Slibic vibrato. v"ty .,-.dully ... iden It, !tUIe by littlo, 10 til< ..·idtst poMiblc vibralQ. Thc:" ...duilly .... ,row it 00...... to the ",,"Inl .,sin. •

AIwo)"I pia, ro.tr wibn... 011 cach be .. , '" thol the YibnIO opud
,-

$oo&I.a 110. 3 ;" I) minof ..... lOA, ....... tl

Each not. below rep ..... " .. one: vibrato ·pul..•. Kcqt the bow """"'h, mlkin, the pul'ina '" ·tl"lrobbo",· ... ith the "brato only. Vibrate neh fin~r 'f",wl !d- f",....rd - r""'.. rd- (""".. rd· to 1110: in-t"n~ ""'0. 1I.,in with tWO IIXt« n th' r>O,e,

pu!~

on cld>

si ~t .. nth·n<>l.

(.. miqu",,,r), ond 50 on with rour pul..1

'm ••eh

VibralO

Continuous vlbr~

Moving fing.rs in s low motion In 1Ili!;

.~rriK

I
m.

hand .;tnun, w,lhouc

.,owint:,

"m.. • ..orIN) tul'ld or I.m vibnco. I..oo.-u and nM ach r...,.... u 1M ..........

tho

DrGp9ing fil'l!llKS • As !he r...,.... iflJ clooa to tIw: ouint •• och fOfWlnl "",,-.men, of Ihc vibnoo bqIns .0 INU .... fin&t.

1<,,,(,, .he lima. AI fim !his prod\lCel • broken, dio,oned sound, and ,hen Jraduollr th_ new is ruUy .. owed. t.\altt llus OlfoJC • bot"""" tM finta Wi! tqinni .... ro lo...:h 1M .trine and it fuUy MOppinc tho otrin& - at Jona: *' pot""" by Iowenn& II>< (mar< ''"Y """'Iy. K«p ";bnune .... . . ~

"'''PI''''I . 1 lb. fi"F'"

ne....., MBin, II, ""1'> Ind fully IIOC-, !be ilrin• •

Ufllng fingers

• Lift the f,n. ... ofT very, very slowly. viM1inil .U,h. ,;me.. A •• he fin, • • Mlinl W .. I•••• !he "rina lh~ .. In ;n-be''''"" II~~ whe .. neh bM:kwanl mo-... menl of ,h. "bnCD Clu>« ,he IOUnd to break, and then finilly the fina" i • .,,,,"pl.ttlf do .. of the ,<.";"g. Mau Ihi, 0'0110, bee"'1;.n ,h. finll
olowly,

r",,,,. \()

• When dna:ndin. from, illY, o.ccond first fi ...., ",.Itt lure thl'lh< ~. fl<\&'" ;a already on the ........... Bel oll r"'Ft. vit>n~ ...ote.l>e. OJ tho: "PI'"'" r..".. aIowIJ Lifu.

l'by the oam¢ p"",n,. on tho: other """II.

•

Pulsing

• Plf,y wi~h the m,,'''''''"''", " •• ~mi II 60. Speed up gradu.oUy '"

.boo. so.

• Fim ~!lY ~ 1;lmuo ' P\!!W' on ~"h bu., .hen '....0 on t l.h Mil, Ind .hm four on ~Kh

be.,.

• When m",in!: from • Jowcr r>O" . " • hiatt.r r>O'c (e .•. , from the fourth !)Qle or .h. firl' boor It, .IM: flf,h nOle), oII~ finiCr m,," drop in ,~., on .he hiah.' no •• ar.d oIIm roll back. In Other ""'rth, the ftl1' .ibos.u 'pulse' it ",lIy l imply Ih. bc-ginning "f oil .. in· .unc noto, mid<: by droppin ••1Ie finlC ' . • Timinll in oIIi< ....... iSf" io impOlO (c .• . , ohc Io s, ~, !)Qte or tho: fi .., bo. loina in.o the fino ""''' of the ~ond bo.). Ouri", ,lie . -110'" ,he has .lrudy .......w back,.nd then
,,,,,,,.!hand

224-

Vi~c"

(o",;nllO
Ploy

Ih~

.. m~ pan .... n. on lhe ".her 'Irinas,

Silent raising and dropping While pl,yin, the uppe' "ring, ,nenlly rai.., and drop ,he fi",e .. on the I",,'., ''';11(1 (... ,in.n a,

x_nol~"),

• Vibra.e the rrna" on the uppt"r SIn", eonlinuou,ly, ",thau, SI"Ppina the vibra,o mo=n,orily I.)'OU drop or rai", th. finSe, on th. I....'" lI,i", . • AI", "ibra •• the .il"", fingt" on 6e I"".. , SIring, "'ililoul st"Pping .he Olle.'on the ming, Mlk. liIe continuuu. vibn,u on the kw..." "'ing.

Ih~

~ib ... to

IS the fing«loueh ..

uppt"r not. oound the •• me I. if you " .... nol u. ing the fing." on

AI", play on the G-O and D-A .. rings.

P'Ht ice method: hold down finge rs AlIlt.Qush r." .ixtoonlil-not .. (.. miqu:w ... ) may ",em imp",.iblo 10 .ibrat•. any held""own fing'" .fe, in .ff«:l, long......"lu. no,es. Sy vibf':l1inS !h0. ( 1'11< vib,.,no muSI I>< '"ttl' .Iiih' for ,he no,es nm '" become 'wobbly', bu, the .. ;, still .n import.m n thi, 'Iiah' vibn", and no vibra,n II IU .) diff... ncc

be,,,...

Son.o .. no. I 1ft (l min"" IIWI.' 1001. mo>. IV

J.

5 . Ro
Vi!>noto

•

Comparing fingers

Equ.t vibrato on

dltt. em Ii

• Vibn,,, ncb {"'p, on_ ... tirn<, an IIw sam< not• .

oJ,.

";1>"110 0( ••• h rll'lllff """nd .UC1lr tho _ • Md., thee ",has (!he ."me width and .pudl, '" that. ""...... not he obi< to ,.11 wftloh fin&tt it uK
"""lei

as

brirJa:

Co.," the fulJoo.oi na: ",,",MltJeI: , Skrw, wide ";bn", wi,h . _ r",.
Slow, narrow "b.... '.., with u(h fin", •.

l

FI", ",ijob 0.011 ti",...

•

fl.... .. or""" vib ... \<.! with .. ~h fln5~r.

Ploy 011 fou r """ibili,i" in low, middle ond hi", poiitionf, OX> co
Abu plly do.. "", II"""

~

'in.

.... mplc Ih ......

l ~ llnd

2-4 III Ihonb.

Ev.n pitch • Vibrat. . . exaaIy .... ..."" .p«d .. v-dually lP«'iina up.

w

.picca

runt oIowly and

• M.ke the """",nf .... ~_, 1'I'l>.....cn1 the I»<:kvo...-d m<W<11>
be,Jo, "'ott aI j"" __ "" ' - - ' h" BBlmOaOn, CCCCCCCC,ctC.

• 1(.he pit
226

Vibnlo

General index "_t".

_ , ,.r bow """'" h.....

orcI
ZO

f ...... plot"....." >nd ~ joona """.........t "-l

OJ

,.rw.- _ ..

1l

Iho _

joio, 106

"""""" fincm _

"" ... "'" .1_ ........ "'..,JI< val...... ,ih >1'1<1

17

,,8 .1

I. _

of _

, ..... ',,;""""" d""""". " ....... of ...... "-«mro. .. cOon!<

110

20,

,.".......... 10'''''Il00< Arm _ II ~' (lell) A.,.. ... \tIM (rllhl) An....

~_"~

8 . .. 101.. " (loti) .. a\< '" ""1."I... ,d

,.w

"'lMot""""""

,"'<"
Copct. l.oocl ...

Co"",. I'Mok> ~

'I()

~.

U

chane ... """""""",

-

~~

' ........ fina'" "'........ ,

Ciot'ORUo.1e . _ " " CIr< ...... .,..,.....".." 0. ..........11.
--"',.

~

~.,.

<00, ... . , . _ .

"

-

.... '.,.. .........

". I ~

81 .....

,~

..,... ., ""'"""

Com.,.""'",, ""'flo 6or..;,_of

"' _ ........... rCO ........ ,_

, .""". " ""'........~

~.~

~~

."""""" ... ".-

Cooo~

-~ ,~

......" , , _

COOOn ..... p .........

-

1lI_

.,h_

(I< ~ )

(ncrn)

C. rw
d ;";'""

.... or"", Io\\(),j and ..., }'I...6.

"'_p"u"

,., " •• "

,..-

e.,

I~

II

""~ ""'",0

on ond."",

II

... ""..,.. tII,nt<

00

O. .d _ ..

,.

o.l ... ~, [)o~

18

tty IW«m,

."....

~,

"'.!c<

lO-ll

-. -_. ---

•• " 21

... ,. ... , t. ~

,.,.., ..,c. ~0«

,...............,

""'.... in .. O<Wk ~

"•

... 11."

1_1l .... III,." h.....

, ,

~"mm""""""""",

" - 1>01.. "

,"".'IKI .....1"" ,..,,;,., f_, ....rm<., "","f>

"""'" lin .., - .

""'«114

-," ';"'pl<

'0 ... _

u...".. ....,. _ .'iM/fli

I, I<

/,

,•

,

M

-.". ,....,' baI",,",

" ". .
"~h .. fln,,1«! "" ..... U'ilb .........

,-.

.nIl> .. """l.

1)0".1 ••

70

".odlal""" I!>r, ..... ,. "'1/\0

4_1 I<.

Ill. , ..

" ~, "'. '" 1I,'1."

r... D.C.

~~"

","",i«

""

--"

,~

'"

,,~

" ,I ~

..,"-'''''PO

II,",J

F... R.....

'"

Ill-t

1'..... _

11', U', ' ..

..

'.'1. 11"" " '~ " '" ....... 10. ,rI"",) " 1'1" Fu, . ... .......-Ioa

"" '""

"!no.....110. (.. ft ) r... r......

"...,i<. _ _

-. '. -... ....-

11."<

'" '" ' ~ "'."

•

160, ''''

••"

,~

'"

."

,

' 0".10', III

" ""

. "

60.197

_ It" ~' _ ""I)t..)4 _Loft Uod

d _ .. OJ'O

,.

mm""'"

'"

~l.n

.... _

...

~"",,-

'"

0< • • _

K, ' OJ. Ill, , ....... Ill. ' " fin .... (loft) ... Lon ....... l)t,.a ~

,.noN '" "">PI'

tOO,

...... "m....

!Int<..........""

-

,."

,'9-1S

,,,'"....

..."..

,.,.'"

' 00-11. II •• 110, I» '"

-~"...m.:. m
'0.

(0).

lInp" '''>
....

,...... ... f'Io«
'H

""'

'" 'M

,.

,~.

.-1<._ ..

-~... J>inI.w.. ... ""'r> Iift_

_;.m,.

II .. I '8 09, I~

,.

'06.'07,Iro,n'.121.119

........ fI'om

" """' ............___ ••". r."" ""'... r....... " """' " ... """ "I"'" """ ""ndtd '"'" " ".un, .. ''"" .. ("P')

'1'1 •• ,

'01

,,~

,\,>, . '

'06. 1 - '

.~ ......."finl
1(10,

"

:0:

."'OJ

I~. II) .. ,H 1l1li II 106 oM d""""". 110

,....,... ,... "'.,...........

~

--,~~,

' .. "'1*1

'" 9'" ,U ,~

.""hod

'"

I!> ......... 11>, •• _

~

.00

9J 10(1,107. 11M!. 13.'1

iefllu."
,.

"

Ie,

".

'.

n. ,... ,.,

(loft)

71

1\ &'!

• " ..." ,

1; 'l
1<1. 02

..

""'
10

lit. 100

";,,,.

.......,

M

'"'"I_"''t
fin .... """''''.."

"""''''' ""....,.,..,,, of bow

Q ......

AncLool ........

.~

ln, 'I. I ' , 7!

'"

~I~,.

....,".1 ....."""" n..... ,..

F.... ft) 1'1.. , fin . ... ,n",,') I. l. ' . j ........ 10.

100

'"

,•

"',110

n." ,~

Fh<1I.....

10 1 0. '" I l • • " lOS

flcoui _ ..... (ltll)

_

.. ""'". . .... (rI .~O

111.1 ". :19 10. 1'

""o
" •• " "

........u. n.. . ... (loll)

.. , I U, IIH ~ ..... 10 1 1. 1, ' ,1

""''''''' ... , ~ from Fou ..... fin .... (rI ... J

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...... "" 1M boobhtlf. II can be IhCd II)' pla)'C'n of.U ..""",,10. from c,,",,"" """'..,.." to $tudcnu . .\\""h of lhc: .....'"ruol .. ~Iw> tUIUb!t r... ,,,..,h, ...
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r<~ul.rl>·.

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ro-.. r (.h<>ujlh. r"" ... y ref.",ncc,

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••111"'" "'~u .... , mllun. " pI)l~ib'" to ""n: d'rKtly on ""Y"1>«1 of Icchn"l'" that need. ,n...""", , IIasctl on !he lud,or'. """c..,ful munlhly .. ra on :n.. Sm.J

....""IIIt, ~ .. !he ......, comp«hm..,., roIItnoon of pnc""< ....,.nal ....olabIc for today', .....

1"'".,.

Simon Fischer S.mon

F~hc.

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In

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,,"h 1"Nroth). lXl-0t 1h. 1'1'1'''' ."'"... wid •• p.n, frum pl'l'"' rotlt.U", "-,,II or lood'n, ,h. "'."" 1I,,",h .ymphony 0",1 m<mrc ..1 '0<111<)"' ,O"O,Id or f,]m ooumh ... cQ and Ilb"m b.d""I/:",racu., '" II"'''''' ....alaI. for ,h. nBC or.d " 1M Wi"""", 11011 S""'. 1981 S"""" ~;":M< 1110. ~n • mtmbtr of Ih< ...... flC\lky of II... Guoldh.U

and OnrNI on I..ondon, h ....". olrndy Mtn ~oo.nmml ,,-hM .un • "...tot .... In addln"" 10 1M Guildhall, WI« 19M ht Ish

School

of;o.l...,.;:

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GI._- I·rom 19111 /I he ....... \''''una Sp«1.OI .. , Tuchn .. ""'" .peciah.. ml»i< .. hoot" \11'.11. C.,l>cd",1 ~hooIlItId til.< Purc.11 School. by .."d.nll from an "'..". tl>c: world, h< ha>

g""'" many ..... , • ..:........ r.,.. thot

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'39.00

VII SilJllY

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