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_20_ 2. IIP0EIEMUHAqr{nH HAqr{0HAIbH0R noIlTUlrX B TPYTI,AX PYCCKIIX SMIIIPATITOB 0.qHaH3 xapafiTepHHxoco6eHHocrel,r poccltttcroff nopeBortoquounofi oMnrpaqI4i,r3aKJrpqaJracb B TOM, r{T0 HapflAyc H0craJibrl{e}-l no ocraBJeHHoMy0TeqecrBy B ee cpe.ueHa6.ln.qalcsnpoqecc My.tr{TertHoio nepeocMHcJreHilfl cBoero nporxJl0ro, a c HrdMu oarocoocKoro BHRBJTeHltfl cyqHOcTHHX pyccK0cTu, npHHrIr4nOB XapaHTepHcTfiK pyc!I Co.qepxaHilf cR0t4Haur,roHarbH0ti uheu.yt HatlttoHaJtbHofo Bonpoca, craBuer0 o.UHHtr t43 " KaMHeilnperKHOBeHI,tfl " 6eJIoro.qBHHeHI,tR. 3to o6ctogrelucrBo He 6ulo clyvafrHur"t.BeAs, nax nt4caJr , npooeccop I,l.A. l4rbHH, "rH,.tHbul OflHTOilrocooa e rry6t4He cBOefi .qyxoBHHfr ctsfl3aHnpoucuuxleHueM,no0o6ueil,u Blaui oleucmluer c onbrroMpo.qHor0 HapoAa; eMy yAaercff nupaooraTboror OrrHTI,I r,lo6lrfl4soearu eno, OcyqecTBHTb 14OcMHcJII,tTb TeMJlerqe i4 TeMnpoayKTllBHee, qeM Bbl[e 14 3peree AyxoBHbrt onbrrefo napo.4a,'[20] . Il0rbueBuaMBOcnpuHr4MaJrcfl r4nTeJrJlexTyarbHofi tpynnofr sMI4fpaH* r0B KaK aHoMaruff Ha pyccxor4nor{Be,xax crnxuiHoe OeAcrBlle.ilooroMy, 0TMeqaerH.C. XpycrareBa, B c03HaHurf MHofHxH3 Hnx "He 6Nr0 nepeHocaHefaruBHblx ycraHOBOKHa o6paa p0.quHH,, [ct4xoJr0t],tqecKl4x l"2Il , HaJlriqr4efte qyBcrBa Hyrbrypnofi o6qnocrr.rc poccrerl, conptrqacTH0cTlIc pyccHt{Mfl3btH0M u HylbTypot4nOM0raJIo Ifl.rTbee AyxOBHbrMr4 , uHTepecaMu.cyT'brrpe.rrcraBJeHnl:l pacxOnilJracb o xoropux, KOHeqHo, c o0,luuarbHom noaltuueitcoBercKorope)fir4Ma. tlTO Moxer ffIaTb pyccnyroHarlt{nn ee n poccull? .qyxoBHyotr(H3Hb KaK or3oBercgHa cylr6ax pyccroro u Apyrr4xHapo.qoB crpaHbr Harlr4oHAJIbHAff IOJII4TUKA 6OIIUCSUKOB? CMOTiETTX BOCIiPffHYTb POCCI4I,ICKAffrO-
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-?23MI4fpaHTH onacaJMcbpacnpocrpaHeHl4f Bt4JrbcoHoBcxofi K0Hqenqlru "i(aril^qoiHarlr4u cB0e r0cy.uapcrBo'rHa Pocclto, TeM 60Jlee,,qr0 pocct4ilcKl{eHaqI4OHaJl-CenapaTucTH cItJt0HRJII,tcb HacTofrqilBo I,!MeHHO K TaKoMy I4CX0Ay HatlfloHaJlbHoro Bonpoca. "fl, - IMcaJl, B r{acTHocTt4,21 Mapra 1921 f. 6ueufifi rerMaH yKpauHH reHepaJl Ii. tl. Cnoponalcnnil - cTon Ba caMocrr4fiHybVitpauny, noroMy qro H.lil. M0$.urffHcKoMy,. ToJrbKoflcHo lI gnpeleJleHHo nocTaBreHlrbrfr ro3yHr Mo$eTcnacTu vnpausy or 6o.nuueer,rcrcnoro upa <... >. Crary Bau ornpoBeuHo, He xeJraff . oTHtoAb6url peanltu, qro 6y.qy.{uyRpat{HlleM u B Tor MoMeHT, }tor.qa ytpar,rHaHaxo.ql,rrcrr e 6opt6e 3a cBoe npaBo Ha rfitl3HbIt He ilMeer HHOTKy.Ua n0Jl.uep]ilKtr,roBopr4Tbo oelepaqulr c Berr,tftopoccuetr,Koropafl He cyqecTByeTu HMeeT3Haqt{TerbHo MeHbue uaHcoB cyuecTB0BaTbB BpeMflKaK Hapol xrilBylllr{fi .UaHHoe AefrcrBfiTerbHocBoefi $usHbro,cBor{M yMOM r,rr.,[. , 3T0 T0JrxarbcBoft po.[HorlKpafi B ilpOnacrb, or xoroporl efo M0nH06bul0.yAepxarb, I{ ItoToMysry roqr(y 3peHr4f, fl Haxo}tryJrr4rxeHHora MoparbH0ffnoAKJra.qKu" [26]. L{Iefl cenaparH3Ma pa3.qeJlflJtacb HauuoHaJrbHbrMu MHOrr4Ml.{ rpynnaMr4pocctrficKotiAt{acnopHH He MorJlaHe TpeBofl{lrTb ee pyccRyn qacTb. ycnexi{ ycraHoBt4Buerocfl Bil.qfiMHe B Poccfiu norttn4qecnoro pe}rfl4ua crr4MyiII4poBaJII4 noRBJIeHI,te B BMi,tfpaHTCKofi cp€.qecrpeMJreHfifl Orl,tffeu c goreft HenpeAB3flTocrn ,.eosr,roxgorl ocMHcJlurb npoucxo.qi.{Btxee e PC@CP. B ' HaqaJre 20-x fo.qoB oMt4fpaHTaMu co3.qaercflI4HcTt4TyT r43yrleHl4fl Poccilt4 lr SroroMr,t,{ecnufixa6nHet C.H. IlpononoBr,tqa,ua.Uaeanrxi4fr cHar{aJla BecrHt4K'r,a 3areM "Pyccxl,tfioKOHoMl,tqecKufr "aHOH0MI4rIecHI,tfl c6opHult,'. npoKonoBlt.{ BeJraKTI4BHyt0 nepenl4c}ryc coBeTcnt4Ml,t ]43.uareJlffMr4, aKllilOHepHbrM o6qectnou "MexgyHapogHafl HHltfa, u lraenoqTal,troM Mocitgbr 0 peryrnpnou flepecburftecoBercKofrnepfioAr,rK]t.B pe3yrbrare x 1929 r. Ita6r4HercraJr noryqarl ile Poccr4fi24 tnypHaravt 46 ra3er. Ha ocHoBe nx l{arept4aroB peryJrffpnococraBJlsrJrr4cr oOsopu, craHoBr.{Blllflecff .qJrR qyTb Jtt4He eAI4HCTBegHUtr sMr4tpauToB pe* 6O"nee l{Jil,lMeHeea.ueKBaTHHM aJrbHocrr4 r4cror{fltrnoM r4H0opMaqtr}.t 0 Tenyqr4xc06brr}rffxB CCCPtz?l . O0iluua.nuHoe BBe.ueHI4e s Poccul4Hosofi sroHoMnqecnoti noJmu4lu.r r4 '.ee nepBHeBrlIfiMHeycilexl,teos6yAfirrl cpenu qacril oMr4rpauut4HaAeil{AH Ha nepepo]t(Ieuueoo.nlueBr.tcrcnofo pemr4Ma.OTpatileHr,reM efllx omulanufr craJr nofiBr,rButfiffcs B uwne L92t r. B lpare c60pHr4K craref nol HaBBaqeJIoMynofi,trfiqecKoMyreqeHl4to.B HI4eM"CMeHaBex", .qaBlfi4fr HaBBaHile qncle aBTopoBc60pul4xa6u.nu6unuue poccufrcnue nontntnr4 HaAerc-
_23 (8 iilir,rrl,ilcll iri;i.]rr3.T-.[0ileHT K0-oKTflopncTcKol.o ToIfia; H.B. ycTpfl.noB 'MocKoBcRof0 yHi{Bepfltrera, gaBe.qyroUilff qacrbir,il.iMlin arHTaUu0HHofr aAMHpaJla Korqaxa u npeACTaBxTeIb BocTorrH0rooT.qe.na LlHnaprun F.a(6ueur4finpr.rBaT-,40rleHT M0clroBcKofoyHr4Bil}.ueTOB), p. B. KIro'{HtrKoB cr4Tera, Mr{Hr4cTp }4HocrpaHHHx KorqaKa), A. F. Aen B npaBr,rT'eJlbcrBe E06pnqeB-nyuxr.{H(a.unoxar, B}rnHHR leflTeJrbo}irnOpi{crcnoftnaprrh}, C.C. /lynbflHoe, 0.H. norexflH, C.C. qaxorfiH. B rou xe roAy ocHoBaTeJII,!TeqeHl4flcTaJlt{BilnycKarb n Ilapuxe xypHaJl"CMeHaBex" tt B EepJrHHeno,upe.uaKuilefr n.B. ltfioqHnKoBa fa3ery "HaKaHyHe". CMeHoBexoBUH cr{urarr,r, qro nocroJrbry 6dltuerltrl4 cMorJrr{BoccraHoBHTbpoccHfrcKyro rocyaapcrBeHHocrb,xorf, lt B H0B0[ oopMeil Ha I,tH0ilcoUuarbHoffocH0Be, c Hr.tMLt cJtelyer corpy.[Hfiqarb... B0 l,lMflBefl.rKofiPoccHr.t. 3To corpy.qHfqecrBoHeo6xo,unuo c yr{eroM ornxgeff il ' 0T.uareHHoR B0 BpeMeH[nepcneKTHBH, TaK KaK, no MHeHr{to H. B. Vctprroea, I{3ll - 3To "3KOHOMu,{ecKHfr Epecr 6omueBttaMa","He TaKTfiKa,a .[28]. E0rbueBxr[t r]eueHTr4pynr aBoJrroqr4fl, BHyrpeHHeenepepo,r(.4eHue" cTpaHytso HMflMilpoBofipeBonnuxil, nucaJloH n coopHllxe "CMeHaBex", a pyccKl,renaTpiloTH- pa,Wre.ur4Hofi PoccH'.r[29] . ]lx coTpyxHr4qecrBo Br{neJlocbycTpffr0By uerecoo6paaHHM r{MeHHo Ha srofi 6age. I,lHrepecHo,'{T0 B CCCPc}reHoBexoBcreo 6uJo BocnptlHgTon0-pa3HoMy. ilpe.UcraBr{TeJm rat Ha3HBaei{or4 BHyrpeHuerlauurpaqr4t{Tarlre HaqaoKOMMyHl,l3Ma: HeKOTopOfi .4eflJlll0bHa BHpOI(AeHlle "Ooyp$ya3uBaHl,te!' Tl{ coBcnyxarytxcraHoBl4itocb llocTaTotrHooqeBI{.qHHr!.B cson ot{epelb napn4ff 6o.nsuegunog crpeMnJlacbnona3aTbrqerHocrb pacrleroB Jlu1epoB ycTpnnoBaRaK lnpeAoc3T0to TeqeHl4fl.B. I,l. IIeHHHpacueHl4iln03t4llr4o ' - r.orepefieHue<. . . > co cTopoHHfypxyasuH" [30J. "CMeHoBexoBrlH, B0pr4Jr oH B Mapre L922 t. Ha XI ctes.ue PNn/6/, - BHpalltanrHacTpoe-' rrue lucflq 14AecffTKoBrxcsq OypxyeBuJrr{coBercrux cJryfraryrx,yqacrHr,rK0BHauefi Honoft sKoHoMrqecKotr npfi,rfl,rftr{"[31]. ilo useHnnXII HanpaBteHfie Bcep0ccrrfrcirofrKoHoepeHUr,rH PKn/6/, "cMeH0Bex0BcKoe oTHotreHxfi"[32]: 0H0 3acJrylt${BaJto I SacJly]ru.{Baer n0JlolrMTeJrbHoro cn"{aqr4BaeTTe cJlor{pyccxofi tEgter.nureHql{fl, KoropHe "npr.tMl,tpttJlncb" c CoBercKoilBJlacrbt0H rOT0BH paooram c Heit pa.qH Bo3poilr.qeffi4fl c r p a H u[ 3 3 1 .
-24B caMon. xe aMl,ttpawlunkev "CMeHH Bex" He OHru npnHffrHcroJib orarocnloHuo. K ToMy)re I,Ix BJrr4flHue 3a paMftneAuHoBpeMeHHoro BHUJIo aftra. IlrnreJrbH0enporr,rBocrofiHr{e 3ala.uHonEBponHcoBercftoftpecny6rI4KeIr ocooeHgofepuauuil - COBercKoMy Coo3y no.UTaJrR[BaroHeKoTopux npegcraBrreretr aapy6exHoilpyccnoff r,rHTeJrJrnretqr{[ r( cueHe cBor4x nosr4rlt{ft. IIoa BJrr,tflHueM cMeHoBexoBCrBa oxa3aJrrrcbH.A. BepIffeB, '.ll.H. Mumxoa, 'orqacrr4 lt reHepaJlA. 14. floraAennnnu. TaK, Mr,utroxoB far, qro BHeuHenofl{Tl{qecKl4e I,IHTepecH Poccfit4KaK HaUHoHaJlbHoro rocylapcrBa r,raHaJIOruqHHe r{HTepecH CCCPHe roJtbKo6.r[,ts]cl4 no co.qepilaHHm, HO nOJIHocTbtO coBnaAapT.IIeHI,IRHH BHcTynaJI npoTI,IBTex 3MI,IIpaHrcxr4xcJloeB, KoTopHepaAr4cBepxenilg6o.nbueer4er{a 6urr,l roToBH r4ATl{Ha KoMnpoMr4cc c oau[crcxoff fepuaHuefrr,rMt{Jtr{TapucrcKotr flnoHue[. CBep$eHile CoBeroB, cquraJl 0H, ,qoJllnno' 6urt gelola caMilx pyccnltx i 3 4 t. CMeHoBexoBcKL,re HacrpoeHl,rfl HeBoJrbHo no&[ep:[aJlI,t B. B. ll.lymruu. IIoOHBaB auuoft 1925-1926 rr. e JIeH],rHrpaAe,Mocfteeu ]tueBer, 0H npu3HaJI:"Poccltfl BcraeT Hapo.q, a Br4lryHecoMHeHHoe efo BocKpeceHue. . . " [85] . o,uHal,tg '.npuql.{H Bl,t.Ueracb /1.I. KapcanniiyB ToM, .{T0 ',BJIacTb "BocKpeceHl4fl" K0MMyH!{CT0B, xaxofi 6bl "0l,lr0co0cttotl',oHa HI46HJIa,rcnHTaJIaMoWHe BJrHflHI,tfl lfi,t3Hrr. Pyccttue I4HTepHatlt4oHaJII4crH He cryr{anHo 6HJ[4Bbfttyfi.qeHHl,rcKarb 0praHl,tr{Hble Lt oxfl,tBJrflTb crapHe oopMHooqecrBeHHofilftIIBHI4 pyccKr4x. . . " [36] . Ho oyayqu o)[r.tBreHHHMi,r, TPaIUUT4U oHu rpuooperaNA B CCCP r{HTepHaufioHarbHb[i I noroMy, KaK noJraraJlr{ HeftoTopHe sMr4rpaHTH-TeopeTi4Kr,r, HepyccRHff xapaKTep, GocToflButuffcff B 1926.r. Pocculcrufi 3apy6exrufr cbe3l** se 6ul eALIHUM B OueHfteCMeHoBeXoB0TBa, eqe coxpaHflBlllero oTHoct4TeJlbHyro IlonyJrflpHocrb B HeKoTopHx cJroflxpyccKon .UHacnopH.B qacTnoctlr, g npegcraBJreHugx C.C. 0rb4eH6ypra, orpaxaBuero MHeHIlenpaBoro..KpHJra r{yBcrBo 6olruesfixr BHc?ynnJrlt sMl4rpaqr4r,t,yrpafl,tBltri.re Haqr,ronaJrbr{oe ',II0 ,'BHeuHffg oTHoueHfir0-tr Poccnn Kar epax.qedHafl cl,tra". 0HI4ynpa3Ax B. B. lllylbnlH He no.qo3peBaJl, riTo efo noe3llRa no 6aJlb[]HBO-
s CCCPnonrpbJrupona.nacr 0fny s xo.qe-onepaqut lly nacnopry "TDgcr". KoB,n, H.norexr4H, (He-EyKBa) ll. M.Bacfu.neecnr,rfi H np.) yxe BepHyJlcfl B cccP.
_ac_ . HrrJllrHe TOJrbKo 0Hr0e Hai.rMeHoBaHlte cTpaHH, H0 u ee TpalluitoriHyro BHyrpllrocyaapcrBeHHyro crpyKTypy. 9ro xacaercs nponafaH.uHpoBaBuie* rocfl KoMMyHr,rcraMfi uHTepHaqnoHaJllr3Ma, To oH Ha BHyTpupqccnffcroii nor{Be cBeJrcfl n [cKyccrBeHHoMy.B3paunBaHr4ro MeJtKr.tx HapoAHocrenr.{ KyJrbrr4Br4poBahi,rp trx sesxon [3?] . C.C. 0rb.qeHbyprynroprn f . Il. @e.: .qoToB.B olHotl lra otHocsu.lltxcg x 1924 r. crarefl oH irilcaJl. qro befeMoHr4rr P0c0r4r4 noqrlr .qJlfiBcex cBor,rxHapo.u0B 6ula cqactnr4Bofrcy,ub6ola, nOcKOJlbKy npuoowrlcn K BceqeJloBe.tecKofr .[aJtattM B03MOI{Hocrb KyJrbrype,KaKoBoRflBJtffJlacb Kyilbrypa pyccrafl. "Ho no.4pacranqr4e .qe..HexorffT 3Harb BupacrunuefiIIX tunoJrbl Ttr, ycbrHoBJreHHHe HaMr4, H TflHyrcrr--KToKVna - K 3ana.aylr r Bocroxy, K llorbue, Typrtuur4J{r,t K tIH'TCPHAUUOHAJIbHOMY IEOMETPHqECKOMY MECTY- TO CCTbK .qYXOBHOMY HE_ 6H'rn0. - oTMeqaJr nopa3r4TeJrbH0: 0H .qaJree, - cpelil cToJtbKt{x lxWHHx, KpHKJIHBbtx roJlocoB o.uHHBeJlHXOpocc He noJlaer npH3HaKoBlfir,r3Hu.0H ]t{aJlyeTcfl Ha Bce: Ha t./10!, 6ecnpanlte, TbMy, ToJtbKoo.qHor'oHe Benaer, K onHoMyrJlyx - K onacHocrrr, yrpox€nqefi ero HaqHoHaJrbHoMy 6urun" [38] . npr4qtrHysT0fo crpaHH0ro "oMeprBeHr.rfi" pycfittx f. II. ycTarocrr4 oen0TOB BHAeJ B Hapo.qa, HecKoJtbKI4x noH0reHl4fr ,urfl KoTo. poro "BonpocnooulecrBeHHoti crrpatse.arr4Bocru 3arJryilIafilcMHCJt HauiloHa,r;HofixueHil" [39] . B .[arbHel4lxeM xe, KaK orMeqarnbaxe A.0. ltepeucxttti, HatlHoHaJIbHoe pyccKof0 .UeMonparl{riecK0r0 co.qepxaHue .UBr4il{eHufl oKa3aJrocb BblxoJroqeHHHM coBercxofrAeMoftpaiuefit40l ' oopMr{poBaHuecoeercKoit KyJrbrypHnoHr4Ma,JlocbHeKOT0pHMr{aM paHTaMfi-yqeHHMfi pycucof0 Hallr4oHarbHoro KaK npoueccpasuueaHlrg,ee HoMnoHeHTa.Ha6noAanueecRnapaJrJleJlbno c pa3BL{TueM Haul,roHaJlbHblx' KyJrbTypHepyccRr4x HapOAoB, oHo He MofJlo, n0 I4x MlreHrrn; He noAorpeBarb B P0cct4u-CCCP cenaparlrcrcKl4xreH.qeHilr4t4. IloflBrffBut4ecfi BpeNfl 0T BpeMeHH B npecce MaTepualbl0 Harlr4oHaJrHcTHrlecKllx npoflBJleHr.{flx e Ooasuieencrcnofinaprr4r.rt o npffMHXanrax 66$r6u c Coeercxofi (oacl{aqecreoe pecny6runax Cpe.uilefr B.rracrbro A3un) .UaBaJfi4 ocHoBaHr4ff roBopr4Tb0 Harr4rlr,ur Ha po.quHeqeHTpo6e$Hux AsHxeil{fi n He MoIUr4He yHr{TapLrBMa. T'leBol(i{TbcropoHHr4KOB "HrrfiToHe ctaHeT orpr{Uarb yrpofiaroqefoBHaqeHHrr cenapaTfiBMoB,pa?&tpanqr4xrelo Poccuil. - Illtca.n no 3TOMynoBollyB crarbe "Ey^uerJrficyillecrBoBarb Poccfifi?"f.n..Oe' Jler peE0rr0utlr{ .40T08..- 3a c.quHua,quarb 3apo.4}tJt]tcb; 0KpenJIr4 .qecf,Tlri,t
-26rene. llHHeu3 xux npno6-co3HaHr,r[ B ee paccJra6eeueu Haur.t0HaJrbHHX peffi yr{e rpo3Hyn cl4Jty.Ita}fiAHff ualestnun Hapo.ueu,B.tepa nory.ul4Kl4n, Koropa-nyile roHltr ot cedR ceol4x BH.qergerKaApHnorwHTeJrJrr,rfeHUun, ftoMMyHH3Ma B pff, pycclo{x yqureleft. no.qxpoeou }IHTepHaIIuoHaiIbHoro KaApH HatII40HaJII,tcnaprllt{ cKJla.qHBanrctl .uax caMofiKoMMyHI4cIrtqecKoX pbsirecru B KycKill,rcropnqecxoe rero Poccnn" [41j. roB, crpeMffqukcn paccMarpr.rBaJlcg KaK npflMoffpe3yJlbrar nocllHa.reroBopfl, cenapafl,r3M '60rbrxeBucrcKoR Haqu0HaJIbHoI-t norI4TI4Klt. CnpaBelruJte.qoBareJrbH0fi tsocrb BHUenpt4BeIeHHblx cnos l. Il. Qe.Uoroeac0 gceil or{eBuAHocrbto npoflBr4Jracb BrrocJre,qcrBrlu B llpQueccepa3Bara CCCP. B ceoo OqepeAbB. B. tilyrbruH craBr'rJlBonp0c oO oreercteeHHocfl4 no ero MHeHHI0, Bcefr pyccxoi Haut4u3a 6orsueeHsM, rlpoBo.qr4Blllufl, HeOnatonprrRrHynAJl.r pyccKl4x HaultouaruuyF n0Jllrr'rKy. "Cyr{H0crb 6orlueeugl'ta. - yrBepr{AaitoH, - B OecxpauHocrll;B ToM, rlr0 eunHoqyBcrBo, crpacrb, rfieiraHl{e I4Ju.r l4.qesnanuaupryqeee Oaunoe'spe^{n Bce ocraJlbHuecoo6paxeglrs.Ilostouy qeJIoBeKrluler A0 IroH, paJu{3yloT yMoBB IIOJIHTIIKe Bcerua", T0 ecTb .tlo cTeHKI,t;a TaR0eHanpaBJleHue TeM, rlT0 'rcTaBflTK cTeHKe". B 3T0MCMHCIeMHBCe, ,qa KoHr{aeTcfl pyccnr4e, HeceMcBon AoJrro oTBercrBeHuocl,t3a 60rbueBl.taM. I,160ece MH B HeK0Topoff Aore 6orolllesi.{xn, Bce rffforeeu n 6ecxpattH0cfl4, K y"qoBrerBopeHl4m Haut4xutelanntt, He cqwna.flclc pocrloalu. He c'*mar{eJroBeqecrux ffcb c trQM,B0 cKOJIbKO foJtdBero o6otzAetcff.<... ) ilo* Ka ilia 1AJfiaenna-1onawe3ucmcKu, I ciiucr|e Memo1o1pacnpaea, MHflBrgeuos . coyqacrHl4RaMr,t trx npaBJIeHI4fl 14HeceM3a ux .ueffHl,tfl cBon ,uoJrro orBercrBeHHoctlt"[42] .Hg e paMKaxoorbueBucrcK0fopeueHi{flHarluoHaJtbHHx np06reM3a poJlb Jrl{ubTJIaBHHM oOpaeousapy6exHoroua6aunrpaquetlcoxpaHflJlacL' pa3npaffI4Terff. T0T fie , JlalareJrff, TOJrKoBaT€Jlf 14BHeuHe[0JIr.tTHqecKOrO 1936 r. oOrRcHR.n lllyrbruH nocJrenpr.{HffTr.rr{ B CCCPitoHcrr4ryr.U4i.r uonyn pecny6lunaricnyi crpyxtypy CoBercnofo Con3aBbrconoMepreM fi. caMoJrroB.HarIr4oHaJrbHHe KocrroMbr 6lrelr CTaruHa: "oneperKa c nepe0AeBaHr.{eM rrqeciraBHro, K K0T0H HpaBI4Tcfl noHpaBuJracb a0 cux nop nepBOoHTHOMy p0My BercbMa HaKJroHeH oHTbHeorpaHrrqeHHbrM II0nmyrauerama.Ilpr4fiTHo BeTI,ITeJIeM 14O.uHOfr cTpaHH, HO l{y.uaBeJII4qeCTBeHHee CToflTbBO,IJIaBe 0.q!{HHa.qUarr,r rocy.qapcrs'l [43] .
.-
c rpeBB0MHcJrsqefi Kpr,rrlrHoil cyuecrBoBaBilJefiI{r1 Conu,uaprsupyflcb polt{He noJl}rrl,tqecKoilcI4creMHu Bo3MyuafcbcrarttHcKl{MToraJll,trapHnMoM,H. A. EepanencrpeMllJlcfrBufcHttrb npr4t{uHuorHocfiTeJlb]tofrcra-' crpaHy clIMBoJlH. 6r.ulbH0crl,rBJracrHCoBeroB, BHflBilTb."cKpenrflr0que" 0H cnpaneAfitso crir4TaJr.HeJIOcrarOqHHM JlJlflnpoqHocrltnorl{sTHHqHorc' 0.[Hor0 rnub croffI,tBuerocgK ceperuHe 30-x iorocy.uapcrBa HaJrurqnfl no groMy noBony llpt{Berl4ero I0B nornrfiqi',cK0rope$uMa. Pa3MHuuteHl,rfl qro Ha coBercK0frIIor{Becon3c03.qaHllex yKpenJleHile K MHcJIlt0 ToM, , Hofo ro.cy.uapQTBa 6uro o6yc.noeleHo noTpe6Hocrbn co6lrpaHlls nocJle .fpax.qaH0Kofr BOTIHHrr nocJlenymqeroynepil(aHl4nMHOroHatll4oHarbH0tl crpaHHnepel n4qoMyfpo3H ee pacna.ua.ll nona sra yrpo3a 0y.4er cyuiecrBoBarb,nona cyUecrBoBaHI4nPocclut 6yler yrpo$arb BHelmffff ocraHercfle.[]rHcrBeHH0R crirofr,'cnoonaigocrs, coBercKafi.uecnoTl4fl coOsofr peaJrbHo oTy 0nacHocrbnpe.qoTBparilTb.II03ToMy-T0na,4eHr4e per(uMaMoffer crarb Arr poccr4ffcKoroHapola croJrb K0MMyHr,rcrr4qecfioro Tpare.ur{efr, cKonb rpan4qHoH caMOero cyqecrBoBaH}Ie xe cepbe3Hoff oH nocJreBTopoilMupoBofrB0IHH, - eqe [44] . "tl Bcer.qa, - BcnoMr.tHaJr Moefi BbrcburKlt I,Ie Poccr4uB 1922 rO.{y, trMeJlMex(.qyHap0.qHym c0 BpeMeHi4 n BcffnyFilHTepBeHumocquTaJr npecTynHofi. fl . opueHTaqilncoBeTcKym Hc cl,rJry,Koropafl oHra nppflBreHaltpacHr4KOrIaHe noKJroHRJIcR.cnJre, Hou ApMfief,B 3aqrre Pocctttt, fl ctlltraJr npoguAenllualrHoft"[45]. aHraX!{poBaHHHe sMI4IpaHTH,BpEMflOT BPeMETI06TIOI},ITn,{eCKI4 pauaBut4ecfl norl4Ttlrlt 6ollueK KoHrcperHbm npo6leuau HarII4oHaJIbHofi He 'ctonuno co.qepxaHfieM BucrcnoffPociltu, 6u.nunceprea oga6oqeHu xapaxTepe HaulouaJlbHorononpbca, 0 TBopqeckoM reHrucxofr Konqenut{t4 B coBercnofrfa3erHo-x(ypna.ntHofineKoTopoil6es ycrarfi 3aflBJlflJlocb pHoAxKe,olroJlblrocrarr,IHclolMl4 ee pearu3aql4l,l,BHxorarMBaBMeTo.uaMll ulltMuee cyrb. H. A. EepAgeBcqLITaJl,i'ro "BcgK0erBopqecKoenpl4TflrBopqecnl,tM 3aHileAoJlrnuo 6url onpaB.qano .uettrcreueM, .AgttxeHneurc 6oMor(er Jiee BHcoKoMy Ka,rectey. fi uctraHnag Harlr4oHaJlbgag't'norl,trlllr" co3l,uapilleffry'{uyn xu3Hb, a 6nrr .nuut reopvecnoft, a He oxpaHf,nqettr, He Kilqaqefrcgceoelt ctarltqecxofi tttttsHun"[46] . {3 , c srofi nosruueil utlxro .He cnopllJl. Jla i'I s otclrctsl'lH .uI{HaMu3'Ma HatlilOHarbHofr n0rIlTI4KI,t20-30-x roA0B CoBercKyn Bracrb 6Hr0 u xapaKTepi{oHKperHblx rpyAH0 ooefiHsrl. l,luoe ,[eJlo - co.4epr(aHile lleJlocrHocrl{rocy.uapcrBa u o6ecne,{eHl'1rc reJ,rcrBll4no oAHoBpeMeHHoMy n er'0 paunax. B 3T0Mclyqae anlleHT.,,l cso6o.quHapoAoB,obbcnttHeHHtx
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-{'t. HecqacTbe IJlff HapoAa, qeM BI4.qeTbcBol{x cL.lHOBoec[yrHHMll, - He 'loJlbt(o BMeHfleTcflHaM B BI.tHy, H0 14 TOJlKyeTCffI(aK rlpotlBreHl'le Hauel4 C cttnH, KaK eBpel'lcK0e3acuJlbe. coBeTcxafl BJIacTb0TOlftAeCTBJIffeTCf K 60rbUeBUKaMOopaqaercfl B eBpeI{cEOr4 BJIaCTblo, a JlloTafl.HeHaBI4cTb Taxyro fl{e HeHaB}Icrb i( nau" [83] . 0TMe.ieuHafln o6paqeHnl,rTeli.qeHqufl HauJra ocyx.qeHt{e ab BceX crarbflx c6opHtttia,., "MbtceeM 6ypu lt ypalanH, - oTMeqaJl,B qacrHoc3EOI4PbI. HET(HLIE TH, I,I.M. EI4KCPMAH, - IA XOT},IM,.{tO6U HAC JIACKAJIU Hr4qero, tcpoMe 6eflcter4u, TaHafl cJienan, nonpocry fJIyIIaff, npllTfl3aTeJrbHocrbnpr{Hecrr4He Mo$er" . [84] . I]o.ulrrrbrfraBTopaMr{ c6opHuxa Bonpoc craJl npe.uMerolt oOcymlenns Ha npoTflfi(eHfiltHecHoilbKl4xJleT. Hanoneu, 0H oHJl nepeBe,ueHB nJIOc..trocrb orxpurott .ql.rcXyccr4r4,coctogeuetzcff B napl4$e 27 uan 1928 r. ' tlepea ABa .UHsnoc;re.ljee B fa3ere "[0cre.qH],reHoBocl,r" (ilapllff) noflBuracb cTarbg c. Ilnr0BueBa noA 3afoJIoBKoM".u4cnyr 06 aHTuceMuTI4SMe,,. I,lsaecrUUltrno Aeoarall e fOcy.qapctBeHHofi lyr'le ny6.nUUHcTnpelrarar ny6mqno o6cy.ruub B0np0c 0 pyccKo-eEpettcxttx 0TH0ueHllflx. 3Ta npo6rerua, orMeqaJloH, nplto6pela B Haqare 20-x rogon npflMo-TaKn B cBoeto po.qa "6elyn ropfl.{Ky". l( 6o.leageuultfi xapaKTep, BHJII,tBlxi4cb HacToflilieMyBpeMeHficnop npuyTrlx, H0 "Meqr4He IIepeKOBaHHHa 0pal,l;9ro6st o6cyn,qenlre noAetlcreoeaJlo 03.q0poBJrflr0qe,cJIeIOBalo 6i,r qecTHbrxiloiel4, cnocc6ttux 6ea nynaacflpHBreqb K cnopy HecKOJrbKHX T B a c x a 3 a r b : " M H eH e H p a B I , { T cBf l e B p e f i x r 0 - T 0 } t r o - T 0 . . . " . B ctsob oqepeAb, eBper4MOTJIH(-ru cKa3aTl oTlrp0BeHHO,qTO LrMHe HpaBurcfl B ',pyccKl,rx. ' 0rox(uBliaflcfl AaJIee ct4Tyauufl HanoMt{Hara HeKpacoBcKoe: "nopBaracb qeflb BeJri,rKas, ilopBaJracb 14 yAapuJra, 0.qH!rMKOHq0Mn0 oapt4Hy, y Hafi,qof0 06BuHeHr4ffB HaJll{q}.r}.r Ipyrr4M no MylmrKy", t85l . BBaHMHbre qbu Hapo.qa, npeIcTaBI4TeII4 BcTynr4Jrr4B .qr4cKycct4t0, oTpl4ilaTeJrbHbix qepr, cBeJlucb n npo6.neue: RTo Moxer irpereH,uoB xoHeqHOMcqere, Jla".
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npooreM B c60pHl4l{ecrareltr "Cy.4boaPOccBoe BiAeHUe HaUr4oHaJIbHblX 6urun, 3aroffeHct4l.t". 0H cBo.wul Haut4oHaJlbHocrbH I4H.ulIBI4.uyaJlbHOMy HoMy B rny6ltsax qeroBe'{ecFofr }tt'l3Hl4.8x0.4ff B qeJIOBeqecKOeoO|llecreo 0TAerbHafl Jll4tlHocrb yqacrByer B HH.U,rBil4yaJlbH0CTb, KaK HaUilOHaJlbHaff RaK u BcflKoe HH.ql'lBi4,[ya.nbH0e 6opl6e Haur4oHaJlbHoctefrn Hx'KyJlbryp; 6urue, Haut{oHarbHocrb - TauHcrBeHHa, MllcrllqHa, ilppa[]'loHaJlbHa. I'lHIHBUAyaJIeH U Halll4oHaJleHB KOHUeKoHUOBill4lXb.4yx lltl43Hl4' pa3Bl',lrl{e BceqeroBeK0T0p0ro npe.qcraBJlfler' co6oil "rB11lfieHlieBBepx, .4814$eHlle . . q e c r o e B a 3 o e r t rH a u u o H a J l b H ool ct o 6 e H n o c r n " [ 9 0 ] . ' B BHIxeIUeil qepe3 .4Ba.uuarbJler crarbe " 0 coBpeMeHHoMHaul'i0Harr43Me" Eepffien pa3BHJtpfl.q ngJlo1(eHfifrHaesaHHoll KHufl4. IlosnneHlte Heo6x0.quM0crbl06opl6u c oxcBoefr HoBoi{ riy6.ttttxaqnu 0H MoTI4BHpoBaJI BaruBue[ .Becb .Ml4psnlr.qeMuelaHalliloHart{3Ma. IlpeogoleHHe 3T0f0 3JIa nepBblfi .qoJlf "xpl.lcrlraHl4Ha, He noTepflBlXer0 coBecrb". 0oparuBlxl4cb Ii npo6r:euu, 0H KBarl4ol4LlllpoBarllarefoplto "Hap0.u" KaK npl4.4e6r4Hr,rrli4nM po.[Hyro]tcTopl,rqecKylo06qHocTb, B KoTopo]i ocyqecTBfitleTctl cylboa lleJroBeqecK0frJil4qHocru. Et'ly ceoucfeeHHu oouutl rpy.q il l4cropl4qecKafl npeeMcTBeHHocTb.0H He fiBJlfleTCtlCyBepeHOM, 14 npupo^uaero qeJI0BeqecRafl, a He 3TaTilcTCKafl. /lXUeHHafl0pt{ll{HaJlbHocTl4tl cB0e00p?3xff Hat'o4Holt ni,t3Htt, rt4riJocrb cBfl3aHa c eoreil K sKcIIaHclIl4I'l BJlacrH, H T{TOCOBCEM . MfiPOBOMY HAPOCBO'iCTBE,HI-IO HE O6S3ATETbHO MOTYU{CCTBY, me Bbtcrynaer B KaqecrBe npllKpHTOI'I HaUHOHan43M o0pMbllroueHTIy. r{BaHCTBaU oaXearlcrea. 0u "Hepa3pfl3Ma, fopAocTl4. I,t caMoMHeHI4ff, pHBHo cBfl3all c KyJlbrOMMofyqecrBa rocyAapcrBa", "oH STarl4r{eH t4 opllfllHaJlbH0cMl4Jli,trapucn4qeHI,I noroMy JInueH BcffKofr Haql4OHaJbHol.I Ey.qyqt4lloporueHileM He ltapo.Ua, & 6e3rl4x0fi MaccH, 0H HaK "ycTlt". JIOBHag roItb" n "KyrbTypqoe oAl{qaHfie" "[pe.qcraBrfler co6oi;i ne.nltqar4|lrylo0nacHocTb AJltl caM0IO cyqecTBoBaHun eeponeltcitoll KyJlbTytbl". ffBrfllollfii4cs npeBpaqeHl'leMI4crllHEuy nporlrsbcrot4T HHTepHauI4oHarI43M, Hofi I,I.qetryHr4BepcaJII4BMa."Hecl'aotpfl Ha 3aRrloqanqyl0cflB HeM fipaB.ty oO e.[ltucrBe qeJtoBeqecrBa", oH Oanruqecxn okaaalcg HeBo3MolltnblM, n0cKoJibKy BoJIeo cBotlx Hocltrenefi "npgnpatu.ncfl B ycJt0BHyl0 pt{Topl4.,.Ky", s orBparnreJlbHyt0"KapllKarypy Ha BcereHHocrb", l'tcrpeongnulyio ' Poccl,uo[91] . It sroMy }l(e Boilp0cy o6parrFncfi coul4oflOr Ii. A. CopoltltH. 0TMeqaff ONHAUUI4[1) OTCYTCTBHE IICCJIE.4OBAHI{fr flPCAUECTBOBABUUX HC,qOCTATI(I,I pe.[ereHuff KaTeropilfr '"Hauufl", "flaUlloHarbHbllixapaKTep"; 2) l'lrHopu-
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-49a JIgBerleoTBoM", cB0t0 KyJlbTypy "0oqeqeJloBeqecKonqilBl,ultr3aut4efr", ' r f t o c M o n o J l u r t { 3 M o M[ '1r 0 6 ] . c B O f i u O B I , t H u 3-M noBananH0eBponefrcnynur4Br.{Jll,r3aur4n, Jlpyrue Hapollbr, npr4HffBrxHe . . JrafaJI Tpy6eunotZ, noA.uafir.rcboOasuun Jrorfiblx noHflTr4fr"oOqeqeroBetiecu "]t0cMoroJlttr]t3M", T0f.ua KaK fix .qeficrBltreJtbHoe Kaff uttBuJII43al]i,Iff" cOAeptr(aHileoTpar(aeT npe,ucTaBJleHt{fl T0JIbK0 caMl4x poMaHorepMaHqeB - npeoAoJreHr,re KyJlbrypHof 14ncuxorOt1071. nolr HepoMaHofepMaHueB caM03aq[Ta ot o6uaua r4Aefi "o6qeqefi0BeqecK0il fr4qecK0r4BaBI,tct4MOcfl4, rluBr.IJlt{3aqt{I4" 14 B HoHeqHoMcr{ere - ca}tonosHaHile il yrBepx.UeHue HaceoeoOpasut: uuoHaJlbHofo "ToJIbItoIocrufHyB callo6utnoctt4, ocHoBaHqeJroBeK14Hapo.q Moffer obrrb yBepeH' B ToM, t{To HOft Ha caMono3HaHl4r,r, ocyqecrBJlser cBoe Ha3HaqeHueHa 3eMfie, r{T0 leficrBl4,qettrcTBl4TerbH0 TeJrbH0ffBrflercfl TeM, qeM 14.qJIf qefo 6ul coe.qaH" [108]. .[rs eepaar4ftqa cauoOutHoctb pyccnofo HapoAa,c arnorpa@il,{ec3peur.tfl, - BeJI[r{I4Ha.oco6ag. Oria He Moiler 6HTb BnraqeHa B Kotl Tor{KI,t . lro6yro r4uyro, 6o.nee ulrpoxyro KyJrbrypHyro30Hy, noclcoJlbtcy@opMr,rpyer yrpo-otlHHoB 14 BoJrscBofr caMOcroffTerbHbutr apeaJl, ooreluggnMff cKO-TnpncKrre HapoAbr, craBffH u "TypaHcl*tfi" B0cror. Iiplt 0ToM HeBogM0nH0 KaTeropr4qecKr4onpe.ueJrlrTb, qbe BrllflHr{e B TaKoM nyJrbTypHoM (OHrJIOMepaTe cyqecTBeHHeeil c'lJrbHee. TaK 3aKra,qHBaJracbI,IAe0Jr0rilffeBpa3r4ficTBa Crarbr4 H.C.Tpy6eqnoro, npe,uret{etiRoropHX 6nna ero xe ony6Jil,rKOBaHHaff B C00ut4 B 1920 r. KHura "EBpona lt qeJtoBeqecrB0", Kacanr.rcbnpe$tre Bcero orHOKyJIbTypHOf0 L{ oTHofpaor4qecKoroacleKToB eBpa3trHcHoro yqeHr.{ff. 3ItoHoMI4Ko-reorpaonvecme npooneun craBilJrl4cb ("KoHTuHesr - 0KeaH (Poccug il !,ti4poBo[ pbfioft) "), CaBI4r]Kr4M KyJtbTy- @ropoBcnttM (''Paepusu u cBfl3]I", "XI,ITporotfiqecxl4e peJII..Ir[oBH]te I4 . pocrb pa3yMa'l u "0 Hap0nax Hei4cropuqecKr4x(CTpaHa oTrI0B r,r CTpaHa
r,rHrepnperi4poBar Poccun Kafi B BHcuefrcrenegu .uereil)"). @nopoacx,ufr cJro)rfiyro Hcropr4qecfiybo0pMaqfiro."He Tpygilo pa3nrqfiTb B pyccKoM6u'eapaxcnuI, ne, - m4caJloH, - pagHOpoIHHe cJlot4nuaautltficttufr, c.laesHc]r!iu, TarapcKfifi, 0r4HcKufr,n0rbcKI4R,MoctroBuc,tfi,"canicr-nerep6ytcituft" r4 npor{r4e, 14He rpy.[Ho Bo3Becnr gu,I ocaAoqnueo6paaoBaH[fl K onpe.qeJreHHHM npilqfiHH0-,qeffcrBHffM". no.UoOHaR ll.ns eBpa3l4frIla MHofocrofiHocTb He T0JIbKO He cJlylfl4T IIpenflTcTBI{eMK UeJIocTHocTi4, HO, HanpoTriB,cBu.qereJrbcrByer I,! caMolocTaroriHocTl.t Q.6opraHrauHOcrn npoTr4BocTOflqet03ana.qHoeBp0neffcK0ft o6ngocrn sTHoKyJibTypH0r0
-50e.ufiHcTBa EBpa3fiu. AHTr.tTe3a HapoloB "r4cTopr4qecXr4x"-(CTapHX, npe_ TepneBrxHx pff.qHHcropHrJecKr.rx .qrlrHHHe npeBparqeHufi) 14 "HeHcTopxqecKI4X" ( "HOBbrX", "AeBctBeHHux" ) pacclrarpliBaJracb xarc uHoroo6eqa0liaff poccI4rIlroJr]r{.lIMeHHo rJIff pyccKl{x: caMa "reorpaou,recftaflor43l4oflor}ttr" Ha cBltjlereJlbcrB0Barb0 ee M0r{1.{ n ct4re, o ,,Heyr0MilMOCTI,t', ee HapoAa, npeJlBeqas6y.uyqee,Kor0p0e cropuqeii Bo3Harparr.rrcrpaHy 3a 0rcyrcrBr4enpour.noro [109i . IepBufr c6opHr.*r . crarefr eripaaxrlqencpa3y r€ oOparlrnHa ce6fl , . BHllMaHne pvcclror.rsMxrpaqnll. Bcxope'noflBr,rfiocb eqe Hec]ioJrbKo noA06Hux IISAaHI4II*, coAepxaBrxnx qJteHoBlleJroro pfl.UaKpylffioBB cor{I,rHeHl,rf Iipare, Bepli.rHeu .EerrpaAe. 0Ir.rHfi3 Hr4x(npaffcxr,rfi)scnope fipeBpa_ rHJrcfiB Epa3r,rrlcKr4fr ceMuHap.B 1926 r. B ilapn$e 6Hr0 yqpex.qeHoEspa3utlcK0eKHrlroltg.rlaTeJlbcrBo. JloeonlHo'6ucrpo x o6cyxAesuneBpoaauficxilxnpo6leu noJlnroqfi_ JII{Cb HOBHE }IHTCJIJICKTYAIbHHECI4JIH:
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€B, l,rcTopr.rK H ofirorof II. M. Enqr,rrrr.t,r4cropxKf . B. BepHa.ucKurl, Or4_ n0c00HI.[. ]tapcaBr4H u C.Jl. epaHr. HenoropueH3 Htrx BHcryn]rJrH cc MoHorpaouqecKr4Mr.r u paooraMu. 0co6eHuo nJlo.[orBopHbrM]r B .crarbflMr,r sTorit oTHo[reHr,rfi oHJril192?-1929 ro.4bl, KofAa noflBtr.nucr.nnuruf. B. , BepHa,Ucrono"Hauepraxfle pyccnofi r4cropt{tr,'. rt. 1. C npilroxeHfieM "fe0noJll4Tl4r{ecftltx 3aMeroKno pyccKofrLtcropttu" n.H. CaBr,ruKoro (npa_ ra' 19??), npenoAaBareaR flpaxcroro 0taproBa) yHlrBepcHreraJloKropa 0r4r0co0nll H.II. To.n,rs"cxuog r4 ryHHH. lla ilcropuir xogesolo r,lfipa', (llpana, 1928), yqeHoro-KaJruHna JloxTopa O.X. IaaaHa "rir,lHrr.{c-XaH kaK nofiltoBo.ueq I efo HacJte.qHe.I(ylurypHo-ttcTopl{.IecKr4ti oqepKMoHrorbcnon runepuil XiI-XIV BeftoB" (Ee.rfpaa, 19p9), Il.H. Mo.neecro_ no-MoJlesfi'{a"HoBaflnaBTI{f,B poccnu" (JloH.uon, 1g2g). 3a KopoTftl4ft r uM.! "Ha nyrnx. yTBeptuleHue eBpa3r,rfrueB',, eBpa3ufrUeB", KH.. xu.. 22-.R (6ep"H.rH, mTBeprfiJleHlIe
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-51 i:ipoK pa00T HecK0JrbKO Bbrnycrr4ir H,H. Anetceea: ,,Ha nyrflx n oyayuler.r , . Poccr.ti,r(coBercKilfrcrp0r1 fi ero [oJrHT],ri{ecKr,re (llapuil, Bo3MorHo.crr4)', 1927). "CoOcrBeHHOcrb 14 coul.rafiisu. onHT o6ocnonaHngcoulraJrbHo-3RoHoMt4r{ecKofi (llapum, lg2g),,,Teopl4r nporpaMMl,r eBpa3r.rficTBa', r0cyAapcrBa. Te0peru,{ecK0erocy.UapcrB0BeAeHue. locy.qapcrBeHHoe ycrpor4crBo.focyAapcreeHHbtfr ulear,, 0iaprax, 1931) r,tAp. . AKTr4BHafl Hayr{Haffu ny6.nl,lincrnqecKafl qeB eBpagr,tfi ,qerrreJrbHocrb no.4rBepffiAara 6ontuoil t4HrepecK ux yqeHun. H. C. Tpy6eqxofi, nilcaJr 28 HroHs 1921 r. r,r3BecrHoMyJrr,rHrBr,tcry lr trcTopHKyJlHTepaTypH P.0. fxoocoHy: "HalpaBreHfie3T0 Hoct4Tcff B Bo3Ayxe.fl qyBcTByr0 ero B crr,rxaxM. Bo.noullna,A. Eroxa, C. EceHr4Ha 14B ,,llyrflx poiclfl,t" Eyuanosa-OoulaMilHcxoro,B To ile BpeMflB pa3roBopaxHenoropHxnpaBux Ka.ueTa"t1101. | ,{ Aalfie0.uH0l03a5l.qJrof0 IlepeoHaqaJrbHo eBpagfifrtleB .qt4cxyccr4tr B0 MHoroMnoBTopflJll{ cTapyronoJreMl4ny 3anaAHut{OB cJtaBflHoottIoB 0 cneunofifteBocToKau 3a_ "r4 flala, 0 MecTePoccut4B -ltcToptlr4Mr,tpoBotr uuF,r4J,n1alltru, o [oqBeHHI,tqecrBe r4 ero irpoTr4BocroflHr,r{ 3a[a.qHHM BJrr4flHr.tfiM. 0.qHano ueo6xofl,l_ l,,rOcrb orleHKi,rpe3yJlbTaroB oKTffopbcnofr peBoJtu#t4I,I nocreBoeHHoro paaBltri4ffP0ccr4r.r-CCCP noeleticteogaaa Ha noJrr4Tr{Bauua eBpa3uffcftoto ll0rr.{Tl,rqecKr,re ABHxceHLrfl. npucrpacri,rflBMxrpaHTcKOfr cpe,qH,ooyc.noeunr CC
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He roJrbKO nepexolH0e BpeMff. B coaepuanueMcfl I,r coBepuanqeucfMH Blt.qr4M He roJrbKonoTpffceHr4e, Ho xpu3LICU Oltrr4.qaeM 0T Hacrynanqeto rryOonoro r.{BMeHeHi.rfl npilBHqHoro oOlnna unpa', [111J. ilpeguc.noeuen c6opultry ., xrroq K nocrr,txeHr,uo cyrr,t reH.qeHr.lufi, , nnocre.qcteuuoooeHaqr4Btxt4xcfl B .qyxoBHoft r[43H]IsMLItpaHTCROT I4HTeJl-
-52rtrreHlllrr4.l4x coAepxanue6uno o6ycroereHo cyulecrBeHHHM rroBoporoMB SMilIpaHTOB O peBOJIIOqilI4 NpeAcTABJIeH}IflX H neponefiTHBax POccI4fi.NO.uqepnr4Bat rro6ansHuft xapanTep pel0JltoqiloHnoro npouecca eBpa3r4rlubr r,rcropr4l,rnorpRceHnRuul.r cpaBr{r.tBaJrfi eto c Berl{riafiuuMr.t I4BBecrHblMH 'i'b ArencaH.upoM ManeperoMaMu cyAr6ax KyrbrypH, BpoAeBaBoeBaHr,rfl B0croxa uln4 BeJrr,rKOr0 nepeceJreHr{fl HapoAoB" Ke.qoHcKr4M .[penHero , oHu ooparnrucl x trcrol1l2) . B ua.qexAenpoffcHHTb6y.qyqeePoccr4r4 HaMB3ailMocessertr Aaur4. il EBponH. ypru. ' P o x . u e . r u e e B p a 3 r 4 f i c r Bpaa, 3 p y i l a e u e r eo e p o n o r i e H T p u q e cfni a Kp,|3r4COM C03Hy Mr4pa, BHrrf,ar,rT3aKOHOMepHHM B cBfl3l4c TOTaJTbHHM qr,tBvtril3atlul4 KaH cre.ucrBl4fiMilHaHI.{fl i.t caMo.tlocraro.iHofr eBponeficKor.r ponofi eofiHu H peBoJrroltrr4. crara KHfifa 0. luileHrreCtrunolor'rBpeMeHu pa "3aKar EBpomi" [113], Hacropoffe]rHo Bcrper4Jrr4 c pa3.upa{eHl4eM rteHHafl B aKa,qeMr4qecKofi cpe.ueu c HecKpblBaeMHM BocTopfoM- 3a ee npe.qeraMu. "l4cxo.qK Bocrory" craJl .qJlflpyccxoff sMl4rpaul'tt4caoeo6paBHHM eBpaorBer0MHa "3aKar EBponH". B T0 xe BpeMgBocnpI4flTI,Ie pocc},tfrcKoroMHpaKaK caMocroflTerbHoro"KoHTI,!HeHTa" n0380aufruaMl4 Ha c R0Hllenuttel'l tllneurrepa, Hacrat4BaButero , JrffJronpoBecril aHaJlori4r4 . caM0AocTaToriHocT],t u 3aMKHyT0CTI,I HyJlbTyp. ' npeAcroffJloorpearupoBarb Ha rpaC MuclrsMuo byrlyr{euPocct4r,r cToJlerl4l,l cnop. cJlaBflHootutoB 143ana.uHl4l{08,eqe B npoulJloM lltlul,roHHbrn qt{Hxttee orpamaBuufr u,uefrriyn 6opr6y Boxpyf AByx aJlbrepHarl'tBHblx caMopa3BHTr4R. ltcnrtoqttreJlbHylo IIepBas, KaH l,t3BecrHo,npe.qnonafaJla pyccrocrb MeHTaJIurera, TaKylocreneHb Hapo.qHoro Ournocrt crpaHH 14 OteqecrcyEecrBoBaH[fl ee oco6ocrn, Kor.qafi caMoMypyccxoMy.cMblcJI //Apuwqoltt o6tltlt'lHe Ba He BnoJIHeAocryneH: "yMOMPoccrtoH€ noHffTb, y rOJIbKo // Poccun M0tltHo BeB Hen occoegHaRcrarb u3Meplrrb: // pr4Tb" (0. il. Tl0T,reB).BTopafl- I{cxo.qt4Jla I{3 Tflr0TeHuffP0ccH}'l(gcoSesso c nerpoBcKoro npeueuu).K 3ana.4y14ero KynbrypHbll{ueHH0crrM, crp$xrypau u onury xax o6paeuv. "nQ. o6paey xr.r3Hr4, anoHoMl4qecnuu . Jrarb ]nr43itrb B.B. MaflHoBcKHM, c Roro?" oror, cQopMyrt4poeanHutl s xlx.n. uMeJI AJlff BpeMeHfi Bonpoc caxpaMeHTarlnun.4ni coBeTcxoro 3ana.[Hofr EBpo.nH. OTBer: c olr,ru oeaanerrflut4oHHblfr ee cropOHHI,rKOB Bocnp}IflT}tto ux reopqecroMy no3r4tlnfr Meuara Kareropxr{Hoiru o6erax . I{ paquoHaJlbHoro Jiyr.tllll4x c0'leTaHl4fl KOHeqHOM CqeTe, i{.Uen B .qr4KTOBaJra, I4X Co.qepmaHl{fr. 3JTeMeHTOB
-53EBpa3iltriluc.3.uaJl, HoByro, cr,rHTeruqecnyaxoHuenufito paagr.rrl,tn Pocct4u, ee Mecra B MilpoBoffUtrBlrJtr43atl,tr4, noTopoe, no I,lx MHeHr.tn, npe.qonpe.qerffJrocb feorpaorqecKr,rMfi r{ reo[oJtr4Tr,tqecK]tMlt ocooeHHocrRuu Pycu-Poccr,il,r r4 ee B3altMoAefcrBxffc proM, BanaA0Mll Bocrorou. 0ur,r He orpr{rlaflr'tBJr}'rRHr.Ig xn eeponeffcxoi, Hr4a3i4arcKofiRyrbrypHofi cpeIH, nolqepKl,IBafl, qTo Ha pasHHxsTanax ucToput{ I{CTO.{HI,IK},I sTOrO B3at4MO.qefiCTBr48 14 coorBercrBeHHopyccttoft opr4eHTarlfiil MeHAJI]rCb:c pycb optteHTr4poBaJlacb HaqaJra. xpr4cI4aHl,r3aul4l4 Ha npaBocJlaBHyo BnsanTI4r0' B fo.uH conpilKoqHoBeHufl c uouroao-ratapaMl4flpeooJra.qaJlo BOCToqHoeBJlrRHr,re,co BpeMeur,t flerpa I - 3ana.UHoeBpone[cKoe. 0.Ugaxo qyxre onHT lr 3JleMeHTH MexaHI4qecKLr , Poccils He KonupoBaJra KyJrbrypH. Oua cauo6urHonepepa6arHBarra HX u npucnocaOruearaK cBoltu notpe6HocrflMBce 3al,tMcrBoBaHfifl. Ilpt4 oroM ocoooe Mecro co3.qareJlflMl{ eBpa_ silncKoff ltAeoJlorfinorBo.4r.tJtocb cnHTe3ypyccKoFoI{ a3}tarcnor0, TypaHcKoro*.TurroBryxoBHofi u noJHTI,Ir{eCnoff nymtypu, cJle.qcrBueM ftoTopofo cra.nu non,truqecAg ueHTpaJII.I3aULrff Lt fpaHl{q8qeec .uecnoTxefi caM0.{epxaBile, a Ha ouroaoMypoBHe- norpyr(eHr{eJnrrlHocrttg coo6rqecrBo, ee npelpacrroJlor(eHHocrb x lrorJleRTl{BHoil lefiTerbHocrl{ t{, cJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, K HOIJIeKTHBHOfi OTBeTcTBeHHocTI,I. B KoHqeHTpHpoBaHHOM Br4Aer4.qeoJrornn eBpa3rficrBaHauJIaooopMJrenfie B 1926 r. n ny6lnxarytt flo.qHa3BaHr4eM "EBpa3rfibrno (onut cHcTeMaTuqecKofo r43Jlol{eHl4fl),'.B cmarou Bap[aHTer 4ernaparuenofi , @OpMe.uOKWeHT6u.n npogyo.nuponaH rroA sanoJroBKoH "EBpa3[ficrBo". @opMyrr4poBKa lgZT ro.ua,'. I4cxo.qHas B HI,IX,gaKro_ .MHcJIb,orpax(eHHafl noHr4Marr{cb crerrnHe apr,rffr{H,r{c[o-@Tvpqlqy nocrreAoBaremso pgloggpllile xyarr .qoBoBr.r OylAr.rsufi nboitribcrose_ yruilHy, uilu l'. e. ocelJlbrM apltsM c I{x 3apaTycrprsuoul a Jtogile_ r4craMoM.B o6o6u{eHHou napuaute Typau - oro upelHflf A3t4fltt Derlrog g9!p9yell0f0 A0laHucraHa, oOraaasilruecneqnOll'qeciotiiio"ijriioilenun x 3r0 npor}tBonoloxurufr rrapoaar,r cptiaiiieun?ju6pu ^rpp9I9._{y{!Tv!9!. u ',crenHoil eBpOnel.rcKor0 KoHrr4HeHTa Mup". .ci,r: o6 stoM: EfiiitJilrfi-ii. M.'
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iieia-- rTiiiliafriil'"'iiaooau, -n. n-1a.lfqpUu peJLrrilfi. KyJlbrvDH. HayqHo:nonyrnpiluil 'c. r.rJrJrncrpr.rpoBaifru--lriypudJr: : 1993, N2, .Zt-23; iyr,rr,uee it.Hi--fijoi;ijaer.rrr srHocaB r.rcroDr{qeckufl -ji:-; n.i^,1eep,. c. 2rp: 0Hxe. eruoFejHiji. u-ijr.ro.OEpt-i;ilJit. lgp1or: lveu, c. 1.6't: 0H Ife. THcfl.{ererfieB0ftpyr Kacnfifl.^ShiV, 56-60.
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-54qaJracbB ToM, qro BcflKoeABllx(enlre,B ToMqr4cJreenpaiuilcroe, onpeil.[eororilefi n BHTeKanuerl il3 Hee cilcreMofi aKTy..ueJrffercsKoHKperHoR qTo peqb aJrbHtrxnpaKTHqecKux' 3a.qaq, T. e. npofpaMMoft. O,{eBI,{.qHo, cBoeoopa3ile.ncuJla yxe He croJlbKoo HayvuofrTeopltx, QcMHcrflnqerl Topuqecxoft r,t BTHHqecKofsBornqnn Poccll,r, cnoJtbxoo6 tr.ueo.noruu, sTy oB0Jil0utnHanpaBrffTb.CMeHoBexoBcKLte nonHTKlrpa3panplr3FaHHOil Bap}raHTHat]no6oraru n[eoJrorHn, ocBfiqaoqyn HeKoMMyHt{crrd,{ecKHfr ycnexoM. He cyMeBnpOTI,IHarbHoro pa3Bltfl4ffPoccun, He yBeHr{€irficb Heqro cyrrlHocrHoHoBoe'I Boflocraeur;-r.KoMMyHt4crilrrecxuu .uexrdpaullnM R TOMyr(e noJlltJll,l[ieHHue nptlBreKaTeJlbH0e .qJlflMacc, cMeHoBexoBllbl, per(HMa TnqecKofrocHoBHBHyrpr.tCCCP, or np[3HaHilf,oorbueBl,I0TcKoro nepelltnnK coTpyAHnqecrByc H]rM. nflr Ht{x, ct{r{TarHespaaufitlbt,"noBopoT tt Pocctl't cTaJI , [114] . ]lx l{.qeoJlon4fla6crpartHa !{ onacHareM, qro Mor(er crarb noBepflTB ee ocyqectgl4l'loctl. 9ro xe npepHottr, ecJrltee c03JlaTeJln eBpa3ufrtleB,"He ocrarl4cb Kacaercfl 6o.nuuesnKoe, To oHH, no MHeHI{Io HeqyBcrBfiTeJtbHHMI,t x norpeOHocrfiMpyccK0fr lefrcrBilTeJlbHocrH". 3r0 pycoKoMy Hapo,4yt4crroJrbsoBaTb l,lx ."KaK0py.que.uJlflcnaceno3Boirr4Jlo pyccKoff pyccKofr }t Bocco3laHl,tfl r0cy.uapcTBeHH0,lT}I. Hr{fl Tepp}rTopxH notriLLiro Eodee toro, pyccnnfi .iapojl 3ocmoetu 6oaaweeut"oe-Koirwr"ucnoe 'qpessu6v0Vuezo ilHoeoe, lJlr' eeo w aontl tt. colxauuy. oc%ecmeurnb 9loiruoeaxuoe" [115] cilcreMy [.uetl", odltuag 0npe.qenfffl ilAeoJlornpKaIc "opt'aHfiqecxyto qacrb KoropHX cnpc.rr ueJIfiMBHyrpenneHeo6xorl{Mor0caMopacrcpHTt{s oAHoffocHoBHoftlt.ueu, eBpa3ltf,qHyrBepr("qaJlH,r{To cBoficrBeHHbleefi ,."yHl.tBepcarbHocrb", Itrh "co6opHocrb"He Moryr "om"cnM$oHu'{Hocrb" puqombKotlffpemr.Un ee cyuiectey", AeficrBurenblocrb 14npoTHBoper{HTb 'rl{crl,tHHa.R cMHcr caMofi I{. ecrb n0cKoJlblty uAefl AeliqrBHTeJlbHoqtu" qTo Racaercff ge npeAnocHJIoK,T0 TaxoBollBHCTynaernpeil.ue tlt6l. Bcero [paBocraBue. llMeHHo Ha {ero "npoficrelcaorocHoBHficrt4HH0t] fi.ueororfil,t"I,I HtieHHooHo ornpHBaer nyrb x boanate.nbHo-BoJleBoMy neftcrBHp. . He roJIbKon e.ungouuttt.nenHrABTopHBTot'o .uonweHta o6paqaJltrcb LIXtueoJlorffn. "Mu egaeu, He pa3IeJIsBurt{M KaM, Ho l,r x \utareaRu, nucaff{ oHH, - qro MHQTHe .[a$e BepynqHeJrcaHeqe He 1opocilL . Eo co3Hanl4ffeIlIHcrBa BepHI AegreJtbHocr]'t,qro eqe Oolbue ro.qeu, He
-55aopoca:U.;} r0 peri4fr4o3HorocO3HaHI,tg. H0 MHyBepeHH,riro c nte/ru,KIno auuKaem8 paccKuu peacltw-luol.Hi(/u npouecc u nenpelesamo eeo nepe)tLlBaemu ocu4acnflem,uw nau\en o6upu aswc u cmo&KAencfl Ho" noqae KouKpem*ou npoepanuw" [117) . Eepaaurlquyqr4THBaru,qro reppfiTopus pocctu,rHaceJreHa He roJrbK0 pyccxuMl4, He roJtbxo IrpaBocJIaBHHMlt. llHbreBepoBaHl,rfl BocnpfiHl4MaJIHcbKaK paBHo3HaqHoe fl3HqecTBy!'noTesquarbHoe npaBocnaBlte,',Oto ' raBaJIO. llM 0cHoBaHllffHaAeflTbctlHa HaJIttr{He HeKOetOHaqara; qeMeHTI.{pyroqefoBCellacereHue,crpaHH n cnocoOioro crxMyJlnpoBarb peJlilrfio3Ho-KyJlbrypHoeeAuHcrBoB paMnaxBce rof xe poccnu H ee rocyAapc,'HaAoBH6Hparb,- cr{t4Tarl{oHI4, TBeHHocrtI, iio roll I4HHM HaBBaHI{eM. - Mer{.qyyxe BoueAur4Mr{ B ynorpe6neHnenoHflT}tffMl,r: Hey.qo0onpon3HocuqerHpexoyRBueM l',rbtM CCCPt{ Eepaauefi',.H .Ualee: ,'EBpaauflnoHltMaeTcn HaMr4 KaK. oco6a.R cu.ti0o{u!"ecXu-rruttuos"uH}uBuOAaUtLfl [Ipaeocnaexou llepxau u KAnbnApa. }cHoeaHue.ee e}uucmeau cAgeemlo eeo e npoeocnaluou Bepe", Koropafl un:autcs xar co6opttoee.qr4HcrBo pa3HHXnoH[uanuu [118] 9to xacaercfl eBpa3utrcnoftKyrbrypH, T0 oHa npeAcraBnflJlacb ee npoB03BecrHr4KaM cB0e00pa3H0fi ctrMooHuer.l,n xoropofi ucxoAHoen py'KoBo.ufiqeeHarlaJl0flpilHaAreilrTcoocrBeH$opyccnoff KyJIbType, Ho trorOpaff e.utrHa B cBoeri nOJrHOTHoJlofllqHocrl4 fi reotpao{qecRoff onpeAeJreHHocrlt. 0n0pa Ha 3TOTTe3t4cno3BoJlr,Ila AaTb cJleAyo4eeonpe.UeneHr4e: "KqnbmApaPoccuu fle ecn6 Hu K9,nbnq7pa elponeicno^fl., ftu ofluo ua L3uQmcKu.r"tfl caMtno. wlu Mera\L[tecKoe coqemLHueu3 Srle/y€]wnemoo u lpAetn. lHa - coBepwenuooco.6an, cnetqu@necKofr KAnbWpq. o6la.Uaniuafl He MeHbuetlcaMoueHHocrbn }l He MeHbut]rM l4cropuqecKtrM SHaqeHI,IeM, .reMeBponeficHr4e il aar4arcnile. Ee HaAonpoTr4BonocraBlrrbK)ffibTypax Enponuu A3uunait cpe4ariHyn,eBpa3rducrcyo KyJrbTypy.<... > },|HAoJtilqro6u oco3HaTb ce6s pyqoftUl{ll. HH oco3Harb ce6s eBpa3r4frrlaMi,t, t1191. 3ra il.3r4uufl orpaxara ynopHour4prytrfipoBaBuyn B p'ccilu (cccF) ' 11B 3Ml4fpauutr l4,rlencMeHHRyJrbTypH, XOTfl npeflnoJtaraBul.recfl AoMu= HaHTHHe rleHHoct4 Hoeofrny.ntrypu He 6Hrur.qrff groro 3aMucfiao41gg= HarrHbrMrl HaK noAqepxi{earH. c. Tpy6eqR0lr, ,'o6tqru'13aAar{aMu 69.nuue= Br43Ma !r enpaanficrna ffBrflercfl 0TBepxeHr.{e crapofr n coB.uaHleHoBofl KyJrbrypbr. . . ". 0AHaKOroJrbKo olr,rM r4 l{cr{epnHBaraclo6r4noo1uo6eux Iroalruilri. "BHyrpeHHueABr4nyqr4e i,|orunu oo.ilbueeuaMau eBpasfiffcrBa
-56, .qHaMeTpaJIbHO npoTr4BonoJroltfiH. Ty KyrbTypy, KoTOpafho.4.n'exur orueHe. ooJbueBr,lKil fiMeHyror "6ypxya3H0rl", a eBpa3il[uH- ,'polrano-repMaHCKofi"; X Ty ryJrbTypy, KoTopafl.uoJtrfiacTaTb Ha ee r.|ecTo, 6oItueBuKuMHcJlfiT KaK "np0JlerapcKya,', a eopaaufiqu- nan ,'HaUI4oHarbHyl0" ( B oTHoueHlil,t Pocclttt-.eBpa3nffcKyn),,[120]. JlocTaro'{Hoocrpoft ocraBaJracbnpo6leua noJli.tTtrqecnoro6urrs. oMHrpaHToB-eBpaailfrrleB BpaqaJlr.tcb .[r.rcKyccul4 Bonpyr Hecxo.tlrcl,rx npo6JleM, cpe.[]t KoTopHxne.pBocTeneHHbrMrr sHar{uJrr{cb BonpocH, RacaBurHecfl nocy,4apcTBeHHoff l,I.ueororiln, conepxaHlrfl H 00pM rocyaapcTBeHHocTr4, MecTanapTlrl B focy.uapcTBeHHorl crpyxType l{ Ip. K Hr4Mnpr4MHKaJrfi H npo6neuu o6ule.leroee.{e crofi Ml4ccr,tu Poccutt. 'B nporpaMMnoM IoKyMeHTe"EBpaaniicreo(onur ctrcreMarltqecxoro , H3roxeHHs) noAqepKi{Barocb, qro "Kot.{" H, B p.fl.uenpyrHx MaTepr,raJl0B HecofirueLP"o u oKo1il.qtamell6:|"o noeu1\em <... >. W'1ucmuqec\onUoeonoeu-n Ee rr46erb Uepon(gem eu6enan u loaaueetrcmcKounapfiLlu: <. . . > C zu6enun xe lortbweeucmcKotl napnuu, ecru oHa He 6A0em Baileueua, po3}wmJ.f,cac€aSoltu eepbesuae onacxocmt (.... > u orLtrHop/|ta:/lbuo?o ,tou Elpazuu-Poccuu". B 3T0fi cr{Tyallr4r.t "Heo6ro0uuaruoeanu1eonoetn u neooxo1una, Kc.;KHocumenbuullo. ee, Hosa^flnapmu.f,,,He ile:H,eeoOAweBnetrron u crLno.tleuua.fl,,lLer nepeae 6or16urceuKtL".3ro 6y,qer naprun "oco6oro po4a", "npaBuTeJlbcTBytoqafi" t4 cBoenBJlacrbto Hu c. KeMHe cyqecTBoBaHr.Ie AeJrffqagcg,.qa*e lrcHJlroqanqaff lpyfl4x TaKlrxxe. napTuff. Ee ti.ueonorfifl - "collomenbHo pelruauoauoa, npo.eocnoatoflu xe oneneqeuuo-uumepHxlquouorrbua,l., a elpazu\cKo-pgccxaa" lt21). I,l nap. Ti,rr, n rocyAapcrBo .UoJurfiH 6uru ocaobo)fiAeHbr 0T opI.aHu3arlfioHHo-peJl[fHo3Hux. qepT ]I Tpaluuilfi, H0 npu 006rr0leHr,tH per]1tti03Ho-HpaBcTBeHHOTO npI,IMaTa I{epKB.I. I,l.UeororHeBpa3i.tfforBa,cquraff qe.necoo6paanuuonHparucff Ha . (60nbueBl4cTcrl4fi A,n. ) npaenuutdcnou", 'suecre c treu "HlLueututif,L I{cxo.quJr},t "u3 npu3Ha|'tJaocHoa HaHgcwecneAnueeo eacA1apcmeewlo?,o (... ) PeeL,: peBorrolr4eiloopruu.ueMor(pa.rur{. cmpoaPocctw, co3.qaHHofi Jlbuufl npr4BeJlaK co3.uaHvnHaLwAqttuno6pason BapottanlleueepazuucKltn ufu'o 00pMH- R 0opne $eOeparpu". Coeercxilr-rcrportr. bcBo6o*.qelrHHu t{ ocHOBaHHOtl rrM HapoAHocrrl, T:e. .qr4KTarypH .0T KoMMyHr,rcrflqecKoff cBflBu new1lJ.MaccouHapo1a<... > u ewdcnanl|ut uB "opeaffi)AecKoti. Hapolo npaafrlurtl.cr7oe/[", MHciilrJlcs ran ylo6Has OopMarocy.qapcrBeH-
-5?HOr cHcreMH,oepyqeu Ha ce6fl He roJIbKoaKoHOMi{qecKI4e tl noJltrrr4qecftlte, H0 n 06pa30BareJrbHHe oyHKUHI{,BKJIi}{aflnoJll,trtrr{ecKoe Bocrr{TaHr.reMoJlo,uexull22l Pyccr€fl sMr,rrparlHr,a c Hea.H poccufl-Cccp, .uoJtlt$tbl oKoHqareJrb_ H0 r'r oe3ofoBoporiH0npr,r3HarbcoBeput4BulHficfl nocJtepeBoJilotlHl,t aRT ne, pepacnpereJreHufi c06crBeHHocrr4, r0cyAapcrBox(e BnpeAbo6fi3aHocoxpaHffTb npaBo l4H.qr.rBr4AyaJrbHoro BJra.qeHr,rg c ero roqHoff pernaMeHTaquel'r. oHo o6ff3aHonoHTponupoBarb r{ peryJlr.tpoBarb noHRype}rqmc roqKr,r 3peHlrflr.{HTepecoB Lr paooqefo, I,t RanuTaJIr4cTa.Hoeofi nocy^qapcTBeHH0cfl.rP0ccufi-EBpa3r,rr,t npe.qcToi.tT cTaTb r,rcxo.qHHM nyIIKToM pa3BuTJ,rff crpaHu u ee r,rcropr4qecxoff o6qe,re.nonevecnofr Mr,tcclrH.Ee n HapoAaca_ - sro ,,He 0p01.{crl{qec$oe Mopa3BI4Tue caMopa3B}tTne Anfi ce6R, Ho cat^opaleurmte 1flfr conopasgwmJ"fl. fi,e 1pyau.&, [123], BxoaguueB cocraB - oAr.tHLrs TBoptloBeBpagtrftcPoccuu Hapo.qH, noJlarar H.H. A.nenceeB Kofi [AeoJrorul4, ooRaaHunoJlyr{tlTbF},7fiybBotsMolttHocTb ooptupoeanrn cBoef{nHAr4Br,{AyaJrbHocrr,r u BHecenuflc}oero Aapa B o6u{ecop3noe .qelo. pyccKofi noJrr.trHKtr "l103r0MyHopMortr oHrb cneAy0qeenoJloil(eHl{e: AoJtxrHo '.nc,lHafl KyirbrypHaflaBT0HOMI,rfl poccul4, H0 He paSJIO$eHI4e HapO.qoB '{x Ha caMocroflTerbHbre noJrlrrr,rqecxtre eAHHcrBa,BpajftAe6HHe Apyr lpyry !t nI4TaI0qxe.qyxHauI40HaJlbn0ronapTI,1KyJIffpI,t3MaI{cenapaTI{3M IpuHufinoM oeaeparuu .qorxfia 6urr ue HawoHaJtbHocrb, H0 peaJlbHoe reorpaot4qecKoer.r 3t{oHoMr4qecHoe rleroe B BHAe O6.nacru ilnu l(p8fl" poccr4nBecbManoJre3eH t1241. nrff lleJr0crHocrlr cosraHHbilBo uuff HeOOXOTJ4MOCTI,I KOMMYHI,|CTI4qECKOfr qEHTPAfi}I3M,XOTOPUfiCT}I.UI,IKTATYPH xr4lHo [opoAuJrrocy.qapcrBeHHyr0 crpynrypy coBeroB, qbr,rBo3MonrHocfl,l H nper4MyqecrBa Kak 00pMHBtAcrr4 Moryr Bne ooJlbueeusMacocJry,r0{Tb P0ccr4r.r-EBpaar4r.t [oJ]e3Hyr0cnyrx6y t1251. llcropl.rvecnue ycJloBr,tfi,c,ir.traJlr.{eBpa3}rfitlH,cftJra.qHBanTcfl .qJrgl,tx IleHrpalbHofi Hgetr BecbMaOlaronpuRrHo. QrpoMHbre npocTpaHcTBA r{X , Po.ur'rHbl,KaK r,r coBnareHneee KyJrbrypHc ecrecrBeHHHMI4 rpaHuqaMlt crpanu (r. e. ee ',Marept4allHurtr!, ycJioBl,tfl o6teu), co3.qaroT .qJIsMaTe_ pr4aJrbH0fo BofiJroqeHilff enpaauficitol,r I,IAeoJl0fi,IH.0H}I TeM 6o.neepeallHbr, rirO pyccxeiapeBoJil0rll4ff ylfie flpotxJlacBofi ,'Bor4HcrBeHHbrR nep]tor" ]t crpaHe 60.nsueHe rposr4T6oHanaprusu. Hao6opor. cos.qaptci ycJroBr.rff pocclur, eALtHcrBeHHo Irs 6laronoJtyrrH0f0BHyrpeHHefocaMopa3Bi4Tr.rg c0OTBercrByt0qero ee i{cr0pt4r{ecnoMy Ha3Har{eHuro. TaR}lM6Hno B 20-x rolax f 0cy.uapcrBeHHr.tqe cft0e ftpen0 eBpa3r.Ifr crBa.
-58l4uera ru pyccKafi oMfirpaqr,Ifl B eto JrHueOoHarie$ilBanuynpeaJrbHocrb r4Ju4 oito 6uro oqepelHoi4, ran 6oratoft n pyccxori rlcropfir.r,MltH.qeafia? HecoMHeHHo, oofiorueaquefipacc.iHtaHHof0Ha ocyqecrBJreHr4e u n0rt4Tl4qecKoff oMfirpaHTcr{oeoOqectno rMero leJro c u.qeoJl0fHqecxofr yroiruefr. Ilo MHeHI{n l{. A. I4caeBa,enpasirftcrBoI4MeJlorBa aKa"qeMr,rKa SJIeMeHTaM}t B HeM Jlflua fi ABa Lr3MepeHlrfi.Hapnly c 0aHTact{qecxtrMl4 fl,lJrbHHe u roHKr{eilHTyr4qr4r.l, npelqyBcTBl,lffLl np0fH03H. npoflBr4Jlxcb 6uloe B TKaHbnpe.[craBreHl,til0 IlepecMarpHBag nporxJroe,0H0 BRJll0qaJIo IlosroMy K eBpaaniicrByHe cJle.uyer Hdcrosqeura, ^qo6asilM,o 6yayuleu. MIrOy H Haaerule. oTl{octrrbcrr nan rc Hec6nBueMycfi "06la.uafl Oorbuottr. '.xorfl 14cKpHToRpeaJrbHocrbto,oHo caMOIII4Taer OtttulaHue Jlueii Ha Bpepox.ueur4e HotsoroMnpa, 0c06enHoB rpynHue Arfl HI{x nepexoAHble uena" [126]. He roJlbno cropoHHuroB, Ho ll rocraroqHo Espasnficrno nopoJlt4Jlo cepbe3HHxonnoHeHToB, B ql.lcJle K0TOpHXDqeHb CK0po OKa3aJIi4cb ' 0. A. CrenyH, I1.E. H.A. Fep"[fleB, A. A. ltusenerrep, n. H. Itl4rl0KoB, pacKoJl. 0rptlCrpyBe u .up. K xosqy 20-x rr. B ero prllax HaMerHJIcfl peB0JIIoUIII{ B ee eBpa3l,lfiUaMu npeeMJleMoCTL' He TOJIbKO BH3HBaJII,T [aHI4e peaJlbHocrblo npeAcraBOnpaBAaHHble He cBepueHHfl", ToJIbKOHe "oaxre Haner(AaHa npaKnpOUeCCaX,H0 '{ HaI4BHaf, JleHnff0 BHyTpIICoBeTCKHX Tr,IqecnynAeIcrBeHHocrbcBoefi Teopttlt. fl. M. flepnuu cB[.qereJlbcrBoMKpx3l,tca craJl orxo.[ 0T aBHXeHI4R crarbff npooeccopa Eilrlr4flrlr,f. B. Oroponcnoro. B 1925 r. IloffBl4racb , B K0Top0u 0H uMeH0BaJI .uBllx(eHlle A.A. Itl43eBerrepa"EBpa3HficrBo", eBpaSlIHIIeB. XOA MHcrfi ct'tcreMofi". ceOR eooopaeueunu "HacrpoeHueM, llx n0nHTKI4 no.[Becrl'lno.ll cBOe nporllBopeqlrnMn. oH, "npoHI43aH nr,rcaJl HacrpoeHileHayKoo6pa3HHfr oyHlauesr y0exnaml' Jll4lxb Bce0npeleJrfir0qee cKoJIoqeH Ha cKopyn pyHy 143MaTepl4aB ToM, r{To or0T ux oyH.qaMeHT lt27]. B qacrnocrH, A. A. KI'l3enpoqHocTl,t* JroBBecbMacoMHureJIbHo[ n0.[x0a K npoOreMecliHTe3a Berrep cqer coMHtITelbHuMeBpa3l4ticnltfi a poccl.{il0HoixyrbType, Kor.qa eeponefrcxorou aSnaTcKorosJleMeHToB t.l npelnoJlaraeuHfi ctIHTeB tronltMaercflxan Oopr6a MefiAy eBponei"lcxl'tt'l B3iirb a3narcHl{es.lleMeHHar{araMl4,B Itor0p0f Bepx .u0JIx{Hbl a3tdarcKnM pyccltocr!,t3anJlloqaercs6y.uto 6u n cepAqeBl,tHa Tu, Tax IcaKnoBJII,IHHafi ' a:ilarql4He [128] . 0 coqeraHl4fi,[Byx HaqaJlenpaaul:tuu ynoMllllamr.rlltulb ' yorlieMpa.qH"crurltcrkqechrof{ni{r.pycra.uilu",TOI'!a xaK ilx [O]lilllHHble
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1 . C r , r . : f a r A . M . . , M a c c a l r c r a sA . C . , C e r e e H e s lat . H . J l e n o p r a uus HxaxouHcJlflrrlilx B 1922 ro,qy (no3uqns B. ll. Jleuusa) // lletraBp: llcropuno-norr{ToJrornqecxufr x(ypHar. M., 1993, N 5; Itoran /1.A. Buc* flarb 3a rpaHr,ruyoea*alocrtro (Hoeoe o6 ngrHaHuil,qyxoBHoft}IMTH) // Bonp. onrocooillr, 1993, N 9; CononoeA. l. Cy.ur6upyccrofi fir{reparypHofi oMr,rrpaum 1920-x r0AoB. M., 1991; r .up. 2. Cm.: SHwKnone.ql4qecKxil cJloBapb"Pocc]tfl',. Cn6., t8gg, c. 105. 3. CM.: Baschmakof f N., Lelnonen M. ll3 r,rcroplu r,r 6ura pycctfl,rxB 0r,rHrrH.ur,ru. 1917-1939. IIo neqarduu MarepnaJraM, BocnoMr,rHaHH fiM il paccKa3aM pyccKtrx. q. 1,//Studla sl.avlca f lnlandensla. caMr,rx T o m u sV I L H e l s l n k l , 1 9 9 0 : 2 0 . 2 1 . Pn.uasropbs onepilpyer ApyruMr{IailHbrMr,t.Tar, E.ll. Cepanrouone onRcI{pyer cre.qynq]rn ilHoopMaur.tn.Berr4RuffKHfiBbHuKoflafiHr.rKoraeBuq, Bucrynafl B 1924 t.. e llapnxe, yrBepil.qaJr,qro Bo Bcex crpauax uupb rrr4cJreHHocTb pyccKt{x sMrrpaHToBcocTaBJrfleT oKoro 3 MrH, qeJloBeK. 9lo nacaetcf, ToJrbKoEBponHu Ast{}t, To 3Aecb no IIaHHHu,npr4BeAeH HHMQpr,rrbo@ou HanceHor,l n ceHrR6pe1928 r. Ha 9-fi ceccr4r,r Jltrn Ha. UI4fi,l,tx KoJil{qecrBoHacrjl.trHBaro1131 THc. qeJroBeK.CM.: CepannoHoBa E.lI. Poccl.rflcna"n oilfirpaqusB tlexocroBaruN.}l., 1995, c. 1?, 19 4. CM., Hanp.: AoaHacbenA. JI. fl0.[HHrB qpmrx norflx. lvl,, 198?; KBaKUH A.B. 06uee n ocooeHHoe poocur1ctrofi B nOJror(eHrIH ^qr4acn0pH uepBofiBoJlHbt. Teepu, 1992; KeaHNH A. B. I4.4efrHrr-noalrrr4qecKai poccr4rlcRo[r4Hrerr[reHuHl.tB nepr4o.q Ar{ooepeHrlHaqr,rfl H3na. l92l-t927. CaparoB, 1991; Itoorr B. n. I4s ucropl,rr4Har{arapoccffiicxofrsMr4r'paUxt,t // CnaBsHoBeIeHr{e, 1992, N 4;. ltouur B.B. Selas sM}rrparJnfl H BT0pag Mr.IpoBa-fl BofrHa.KaruHr4H,1979; KoMr.{H B. B. Itpax poccnticK0fiKoHrppeBoJrbrlr,tn 3a py6erou. Ha.nr,rgr4g, 19??; KocrunoBB. B. He 6yaeu nponluHarb fi3r'HaHbe. . . (llyru lr cy.Ur6upyccxoriBMr{rpaql4l4).M., 1990; Ity.nstypapocclrfrctofo sapy6emn [C6. cr. ] , M., 1gg5; Irlananor]leeX. lla 'rcToptrflTa Ha pycKaTaeMr4rpaut{R a Erllaplrn,//lletowcu. Coor4fl, 1994, Nl 1-13; HasapoaM. Muccuspyccxoii oMr4t'pali],rr,r. Craepcnoru,
199t; coxoroB A. f . cyrrou o;.il"; rr.rreparypgonaMurpaqr{H1gzo-x r0AoB. M., 1991; Tapne f.f. llcropua poccttfrcxoroaapy6exlR: Hero_ TOpHe n0Hfrr4flr'{ ocHoBHHe OTanH// ilpoo.neuuilsyqeHr,rrucrop}rn poccHrlcKofosapyoemuR:C6. cr. M., 199A; gepnnncnuf.l{., .flacnaroB ll. Eop6ara Ha Eltll nporrlB npanrerulcicfiufl BaroBop. Co0un, 1964; lllrapeHXoB/l.lt. AroHrs oerofr auurpaqm. il., 1986; llly.nenoea 3.A..pyccno"q.IlapuxeM. ll. , 1993; Russen1n Berlln. Llterat,ur. , Ki,rrlHeftponoJlb Malerel. Theater. rllm. 1918-1933. Le1pzlg, 1991; Schlogel K. Ruska emlgrace v Nemecku. lgl}-tglt//0tazky a teze // slovansKy prehled. praha. 1994, U 4, s. 399-403: r Ap. 5. CM.: Bascfunakoffl{., Lelnonen M. I{a ucropru u 6ura pyc_ cKr,rxB 0r4HrffHAr.fl,r. .., c. Zl: l{sxqaoe C.p. pyccKafl peBornUrff e ouu_ rrflH[ilu. @parMeHTH.[HeBHrrca191?-1919 roiloB//Hf.;jABucr,rilafra3., 1996,1nrorff. 6. Cr'r., Hanp.: lpocceu l. ll. AronuR CeBepo-3ana.[HofrapMnu. lls rflx(eJrHx BocnoMr4HaHr{n // H)BHIT'}kypHar. cn6., 1991, l{ g; 199a, pAeHr,rr{ N 12; no.q lleTporpalou. I,la 6elux MeMyapoB.Il. , Lg27. 7. Jlori AMuHaAo. IioeaAna rpeTbeM[yrr4. M., 1991, c. ZZ7. 8. Cr,r. : BuoguqxuraB. eMflrpaqns pa3Hecra u pa3Hocr.rr no cBery Haur,txcorpam.uaH // Tperbe cocroBr.{e. M., I9gZ, N 3, c. T; Huxoloe Ll. Tpyaeull,lrece B Ebrrapr,rflB 3awra Ha Cuercnbra BJracr (1917-1920) / / oKroMBpnfrcr(arapeB0Jrprluffir ourrapo-cbBercKara apyx6a. C0oi.tfl.196?, c. LOS, ti.Zi VuanoeA.ll. I,tcropus rpaxqqaHcKof B0fiHbrB Jtr.{repaType pyccKoro sapy6exu. M., 1993, c. ?. 9. CM.: ltilBeBerrep A. pa6ota pyccxtrx yqeHux aa py6erou,z,/Ce_ fo.qHfl. Pr4ra, 1930, 14 oKT. l]la.naranrcs uarepnalu, cBf,3aHHHe c ur0raMi45-ro creega pyccKr4xaapy6exnuxyr{eHHxn Coour,rl;JIyKoMcKUR f . It. XyAorfir,$(B pyccftorl peeo.nnqut: 3anr4cxuxyjlox(ecTBeHHoro .UeflTe_ Jrfl. Eeprr4H,l9Z3; MaxoncKr4tl c. flocne&tue uroril ilr{Bonncu. Eepwu, 1922. 10. Cr,r. oO orou: AflericeeBA.Jl. JlureparypapyccKoro Bapy_ 6er(bff.ltHnrr,r191?-1940fr.: MareptalH Ox6rl,lorpaou]r.Cn6., 1993; SapyoexHanP0ccr4fl. rcropuR r,r nyJrbrypgo-npocBenrreirbnaflpa6ora pyccKoro Bapyoex(bfl.1920-1970.Ilapux. 19?1 (Aon. BHII. 19?B); Iu_ reparypa pyccftofo aapyoexrr B o'H.qax 6u6auorex MocnBH: I(parRuff c n p a B o q n r 4M l c.., 1 9 9 3 .
-68CM. Taffire: Kocux B. I,l., TeceMLtHKoB B. A. BKraI pycclcofraMufparll,ril B nyirbrypy Atocraaw4// ne.[ar0rr4Ka, 1994, N5; nauyro B.f. Pycotue ncropr4nr.r-oHarpaHTH n Enpone. M., 1991; CanpoHosa H.T. Bac.ll.HeMrrpoBr4q-.[aHqeHKo: roIH oM]rrpauE],i,//BonpocH i.tcropHr4cJraBflH: C6. Hayu. rp. BHn. 11. BopoHeil(, 1996, c. 62-77; u np. 1 1 . J l n O u M oJB l. Ha qp6uHe. M., 1963, c. 15?. 12. Cranuucxufl E. 0runrpaqusil noJiltrt{Ka//Bailn Pocclilr. )ltypHar noJ[4rr4KH 14KyJlbTypH.Ilpara, 1931, N 56, Maff-r4bHb,c. 464. ' 13. TaMr€, c. 469. CM.TaKme:CTarr4HcKLrfi E. 0 rperbefi sMi,rrpaqun, ooHanapTnsMe,cTaIuHI43Me, Koafifiur4r,tr.r.qeMolrpaTl,tu //Bonn Poccl,ru.lftypHarnoJrr4rxxr4 r{ RyJrbrypbr.Ilpara, 1930, N 10, onr. (?2 qer. ) yqacr14. Hanpuuep,He6oaluasrpynna .qodpoeo.nuqeB , BoBara B tpa)qqaHcKofi B0RHeB l,lcnaHr,rn Ha cropoHe reHepaJra OpaH$O. lls Hr4x noruoao 43 qeroBeRa. Cu.: naraclroc-oepHaH,qec Po6epr0. PyccnHeAoopono.nruuB }IcnaHcKQR rpaxlaHcKoft BonBe // Ilefixrayc: yHr{o0pMa, Harpa,uH, opyrile, 3HaMeHa,repaJibliHKa.Poc. soeH.-i,rcr. x(ypHaJr. M., 1995, N 4, c.36; PafixqayuA. Ilpnser.0T reHepaJrHccr4Myca. Pycfiilre .u06p0BorbqH Ha cropoHe opaHKxcr0B // Heeasuclruas ra3., 1993, 2 .qeK.; PyccKne6e.noeunrpaHTH B fpa)trAaHcBoil sofrHea ncnaquu// Ilpo6.nelau ucnaHcKonlrcr0pr.rr4.M., 1992. r{eKr{crH}r pyccKr4e 15. CM., Hanp.: ltoBareHKo 0. CoBercKHe oMr4rpaHrH //l4.?.Becrfis, 1991, t3 Mapra; HaBapoBM. HaxaHyue41-ro: Ha.qelfiAN //PoAvrHa.M., 1993, N 7, . c. ?1-?5. r{ r4JlJro3l4l,r 16. llrtruH 14.A. Hauu ea,qaqt. llcropuuecxas cy,qr6a u Oyayqee . . P o c c f i t t :C r a r r l t 1 9 4 8 - 1 9 5 4 r o n o B :B 2 - x r . M . , 1 9 9 2 ,r . t . c . 2 1 . 1.7. UaoapeBr4q P.U. oeHoMeH ov'ufpat\uu//Iyrb ua-no.Urlu6. M., 1 9 9 1 ,c . t ? 6 . 18. CM.: Cannt-llerep6yprcnneBeJioMocrn,1993, 3 uroHn. 19. UIIT. Iro: Henranp, 1994, N 5, c. 3?. 2A. h,naun l,l. PealruoeHill cuucJr 0nnoco0r.{r4.Tpfi perlu. 1 9 1 4 - 1 9 2 3 .y M C A - P r e s sP, a r l s [ 6 e s f . r . t 3 A] ,. c , 6 ? . (C0rlnarbHo-nctrxoJlo21. Xpycraresa H.C. IIcuxonofils'aMr{fpaqnfi flrqecKlle u JII4rIHocTHbre npooreMH): Anrope@. .ultc. . . . n-pa ncHXOJl. Hayr/ Cii6fV. CII6., 1996, c. 19. sry MHcJibBHc.naHHHff B 1922 f. ui IlocraroqHo qerHo BHpa3r{Jr yHHBepcutera B.A.MflKOTHH: "Uulse,.Poccufinpooeccopllerp0rpa.UcKoro HeHaBHcrHI4KaMI,t orotl [Oort,ueenclcxofr.- A. ]i. I eracrn. HO "tifleMcn
-69Apy3bffMupyccxoro Hapo.qa". Cu.: po,qilHaI{ oMurpaqltff:cTeHor,paMMa nyoll,IqHofoA0KIa.UaB. A. Msrornsa B napufie (ffHBapb19A6 f . ). BBoJtHat crarbff, noAroTOBKa reKcra rr KoMMeHTapuu E. H.I,loraHcoH// pyccKoe npoulroe.I4cropr.{ft0-AoKyMeHrarbHHff arbMsHax.cn6., 1gg4, KH. 5, c . 2 5 7 . , 22. OropoBcKr4rl f. 0 narpr,toTi4aMe npaBe.qHoMu tpexouilon// Pyccras ilAes: B Kpyfy nracarelerl r4 MHcJrr{TeJrefr pycc*oro aapy6exrR: B 2 - x r . M . , 1 9 9 4 ,r . 1 , c . 8 5 * 8 6 . 23. CM. o6 stor,l: fax A.M., Maccallcxafl A. C., CeresHeBa 14. H. yKaB. coq. ; ferrep M,C. ,'flepBoe -. y,qapxJIHcToM npe/IocTepelceHl4e', (lt noropi,ilrBblcbrJ[ril r4BCOBeTcKoro C0p3aAeffTerefiftynbTypH B tg}z r.) // Bonp. 0r{Ioco0r4r,t. 1990, N 9; u Ip. I,lHof.[aBH0HJTKa Ba npaHr,tqy rpynnH yqeHHXpoccfiH lt VnpauHuxa ("npooeccopcKoM,,) "olrnocooctroM" napoxoAeB tgZZ r. BoclpllHltMaercff RAKHEJIETI,ITI4MHHft AKT NPOI43BOfiA COBCTCKOTO flPABNTEJIbCTBA. B .qEflCTBureJrbHocru fie BJracrr,rnocrapaJrlrcbf,oAnectn noA 3Ty U noAooxynefr 6aey. 1 unHfl rg22 r. Bcrynr4JrB .qeficrBr4e , a*rJuu3aftoHo'uareJruryn HoyforoBHuil xo.qencpC@Cp, npe.qycMarpnBaBur,rrZ Bbrr4 BHcblJrKy no cy.qy 3a np'nafaH.4y r4Jrllarura4r4r' "B HanpaBJreHI4u n.M'rqll Mex.uyHapo.uHoft 6yp$ya3r'll'r".Hecfto.rrutonoaxe 6ur peueH Bonpoc 06 aAM[Htrorparr4BHofr BHcr'rJ'rKe. IlocraHoeJeHrreMBul'lK or 10 arnycra 1922 r. oHd Morra I4c: ,,8 qerflx r43oJrffUur4 n0Jrb3oBaTbcff ffiq, Ipr4qacTHhrx K xoHrppesonoqi.roH_ peueHueerotz npo6neMHBMeHflJI0CA HblMBHCTynJleHr4flM". e oogaaHHOCtl 0co6ol,rKoMr,rccr4r4 HilBn (Taxofi xe npanonoriaKT Ha qeTupe AHfl panbue 6un npl{HffT Ha yKpar4He). He orftra,qHEaffKoHnperHbre MepHB Aorrutr flWR, 13 aBlycra ror0 ile ro.qa Kol.lerus lllV noA rjpe.qce.UareJrbcTBoM ll. c. yHUrr4XTa paccMolpera "cnl{cKl{AHTilCoBercirofr ilHTernrreHur{xrop. l{ocKBH,Ilerporpa.qau VnpauHsr B KoJlr{qecrBe ?11 rreroBet{, ro.qJrexaqfix Bblchrr*e3a rpaHfirly". ilocne 21 aerycra a'arorfir{H'e cnrckr4 peue, 'HileM c o BHCidJrfte paccMarp[BaJrHcb Heft0TopoeBpeMRr]yrb rI,I He exe.ri',npaKTuka,,,ilOcHyJlacb HeBHO.Bnoc.ne.[ctet4u n0.q06Haff u I.n.Tpot]Koro. B ffHBape1929 r. Ha fiapoxo.qe,,]4flbt4.{,i ero .uocraBl4Ji}t B Ctau6y.n u rrac'JrbH.B'ca.qr4J*r Ha 6eper. cu. ; BareHri{HoeH. HSIIu rcprslrc nap* rr4r'r.BocroMr,rHaHufl. Hbn-ffopK,1991, c. 223; Xr0naeeaM.E. K eonpocy o BHcHJItre ],rUTeJrJrr4reHUHr.t H3 poccl.tnB I\ZZ roAV //poccl,rilcxaRun_ TeJrJrr4reHurrff: XX Beft: Tes. .40ft.1r. i,r coo6q. Hayq. noHO. ZgrZ4 oeBpa_ Jlff 1994 r. f,rarepuuoypr. 1994, c, 143_144.
-7024. \t4r. no nficbMy f.8.3].IHoBbeBaII.ll.Kaueneey0T 30 l4torff 1923 r. //lltrBecrufl UK EnCC,1991, N 4, e. 197. 25. CM., Hanp:: Bt{rbcoHB. focyrapcreo. Ilpouloe 14Hacroffqee yqpexueg[fi. M., 1905. KoHcrr,rryllr{oHngx K H.M.MornlsHcltot'ly.Cu.: Illt?6. llz nficbMa11.[. Cxopona.qcKoro Cfl6. HyBUee:I;lcr. alruauax. l'1.; , 1993, T. 14, c. 265, 267. yKpailHcttofi 3apyoeffHoffAl4acnopHorHocl'lreJlbHo 0 npeA0TaBrelll4flx yKpanHcKoro peueHl4ff HauH0BonpooacM. nyOrnKalII4H Teopur{HaUI4utt (JloHuoB CrapoJIbBlB, 1926; HauloHarlst'|. Hd.n}lcroeB BI4JIeKHI,IT Jl. tA xrypI,I MarepnaJloB BlIeHb, 1922: Teopln naull. np. ) colscrufi B. 'HarbHHx Haql'L" tl Ap. ) . Cu. rarlte: EB.[0RI{MeHK0 usAaHfifi( "PoBOynoBa HallloHarlsMy. oyprcyasHoro B.n. KpHTr,tKa 1lefiHnxocHoeyKpalHcbKoF0 6ypxya3Hnfi HaqloHarl3My H0B.n. VrpaLncrrcnfr Ituls, 196?; tlleBrloB yKpal4H* pn,rHeBlfiyH100pM1.KulB, 1981: yrbRHoBH.fi. npoucxoln.[eHue cnoro cenaparl{3Ma.M. , 1996; il ru. 'PWxuH yqeHHe-3MHrpaHrbl e 1920-e roau A.B. PyccKl,le 27. ctt.: (Ha npuuepeKaouHeraC.H.IlpononoBnsa) / / I4cropxf,pocc}rficEorosapyB XIX-XXBexax: C6. cr. M., aAanraqltllMnrpaHToB 6exu. ilpo6JreMu 1996, c. 11.6, l2l. 28. Vcrpn.noeH. B. SBoraullfl u rarruta/ /CMeHa Bex. Ilapltx, 1922. 2l nHB. 29. CM.: tlarptlornKa//eftefta Bex. tlpara, lg21' c. 48. Eolee r{I{TareJIoMarepl{aJlH c6opHl'rv.a "CMeuHpoKoMycoBpeMeHHoMy .qocTynHHe ra3er0t-1". Ha Bex" onyoll,tKoBaHHB Bllle . Aatl.uxecra"Heganucut"toff cM.: Hf-CqeHapl,[t,1'996.31 i{P.nfl,c. 4-5. 3 0 . I l e H f l H8 . 1 4 . I I o n H .c o 6 p . c o q ., r . 4 5 , c . 6 0 . 3 1 . T a Mr e , c . 9 4 . n nreu peueHl'Isxcbe3.[08, RoH0epeHuilfr 32. HflCCB pe3oJlbul4sx c. 590. HWoB Ult: lt3I. 9-e. 1,1.,1983, "r.2: 191"1-1922, 3 3 . C M . T a Mx e . 34. CM.: Arypckl.IfiM. V i.tctottoB.HaqIIoHaJI-oo.nsueeuaMa//tilv|Hyqx .a r 1 s , 1 9 8 7 , r . 4 , c . 1 5 7 - 1 5 8 . n e e : l { c t . a J r b M a H aP " 06 aH'rHceMIt" 35. lllyrbrtH B.B. "9to HaMB Hltx He HpeBHTcs... , Tr{3MeB PoccI4H.M., 1994, c. 423. llre36. HapcawtHI1.fl. Enponae Poccuil (Ha6pocnneBDa3nl4clloil onorvu)// Iloroc. Caunt-llerep6ypfcnfie qreHl{fl n0 Qiuloco0llrlKy'rlbr}'153. pH. Hfi.2. PocclrfrcKrfr orbu. cn6. ' 1992, c. .qJ*xoBHtrl
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_14_ 82. Hesanr4ct4Maff ra3. , 1993, 13 aBr. B uouegr c.ueraHHofr 3anr4en ll.ll. Jlurei4HoB RBJrffJrcfi cJryrilareJreM I4HcTr4Tyra npacHofinp0oeccypH, no3-xe3aHr4MaJt nocT coBeTHr,rKa npn II0HAOHCKOM Toprnpe.qcTBe CCCP. B 1933 r. oH oTlca3arcffBepHyrbcflHa po.qlrHy. 83. Pocclrffr{ eBpeil. it eBpeffMBCex cTpaH! //llpt4fioxe:,j.ue ft KH.: lllyJbrHHB. B. Vxaa. cort., c. 427-429. 84. lllyrbrr,rHB. B. Vxas. co'r. Ilpn.no*eHr4e K RH., c. 437-441. 85. B KaHOHI,tqecK.oM TeKcTe: "nopBaracb- paccKoqt4Jlacfi". CM.: H€rpaconH.A. IloJl}r.co6p. co'r. H nlrceM.Il. , i.984, r.5, c. 83. 86. tllyJtbrHH B. B. Vxaa. coq. , c. 329. 8?. CM. raM rce, c. 328. Cu. ranxe c. 166, 342, 244. 88. Cr,l.: Tpy6euK0fiH.C. 0 pacu3Me//HeBa, 1994, N 7. c. 258. 89. Cu.: Fep.UffeB H.A. 0ltroc06usceo6oAu.CMHcrrBopqecrBa. , lvl., 1989. c. 12, ?-8, 39. 45. 90. Eep.qfleB H. A. Cylb6a Poccr4r,r, c. 96, 9?. 91. flolp06HeecM.: BepAsesH.A. 0 coBpeMeHHoM HarllroHaJrfiBMe //Qniloc. HayKr.t,1991, N 3, c. 99-104; 0u xe. Hoeoecpe.ryreBeRoBbe, Pa3MbruueHr.tff o cVlloe Pocflil.r14EBponH.M., 1991, c. ZZ. 92. CopoKnHn. A. CyqecrBeHHo BaxHHeqepTHpyccKou Harl[t4 B BeKe. llpe.qncroBr4e x r{3.qaHfiro .uBa.urlaroM Ha pyccr(oM flsa:rte// Mol. rBap.ur.tff,1990, N 10, c. 185. C0KpaqeHHbrrtr BapuaHrarofr paoorn cu. r RH-: 0 Pocil,tr{n pyccKofroHnocoocKotir(yJrbType. OilrocOOH pyccKoro nocneonrR6pbcKofo aapy6emen.M., 1990, c. 463-4g9. 9 3 . C o p o x l rnH. A . y x a 3 . c o q . , c . 1 8 5 , 1 8 6 , l S ? . 94. Eyrra$oB C.H. Corr.; B 2-x r. i,l:6p. crarbr,r. M., 1990, .' r . . 2 . c.646. 9 5 . E y l r a n o eC . H . V K a a .c o . { . , r . 2 , c . 6 4 8 , 6 4 9 . 6 5 3 . 96. oeAoroBf.[. CyItOa tr rpexfi Poccuu, r.1, c, 233-294.. 9 ? . O e . q o r o le. I l . V K a e . c o r r ., r . 2 , c . 5 3 . 98- Tau fie. c. 64-65. 99. Ilogpo6Hee0 peaKqt{uoMr4rpaqfiH Ha coBercKyro Haur4oHaJlbHyo noJrlrrnry30-x ro.uoBcr'r.: Hr,ururuH .4.ti. Vxas. coq., c. 14-18. 100. CaBr,tqKl.rfr n. EBpa3ui,rcrBo//pyccKas r.qes: B Kpyry nficarereli }l MqcrurerefipyccKoro aapyoextn. M., 1995, r. t, c. 215-216. 101. Cannqrnlrllerp Hnxoraeeuq(1895-1968)- sr(oHoMtrcr, reorpao, cJraBtrcT. BunycnHux,3areM npen0AaBareJtb str0HoMuqeckoro 0aflorutrexnl4rrecK0f0 HHcrnryra, yqeHI.{K , IryJlbrera lletporparcnoro
-?5fl. E. Crpyee. B auurpaquu c 19A0 r. ilpusar-.qoqeHrpyccnoro api4,qu_ qecK0ro oaKyrbrera n llpare, npeflo,qaBarell llpaxcxoro HelvreuK0ro yHr4Bepcr,rrera.Iloaxe - yaHun Mop.qoBcnr,rx rarepertr. 0ceo6ox.UeuB 1 9 5 6r . CyBrrr4Hcxr4fi nerp Ilerponuu (199A-19g5)- JrHreparypoBe.q u HcMeueHaT. iryccTB0Be.4, TpyOerlKoii (1890-19?9)- KHfl3b, Bbrlanur4r,tcfl HfiKOraftCepfeeBr4r{ 0r.{r0r0fx 0r4roc00,npogeccopMocxoecroro,pocroecrofo, Co6l,tr4cxoro n Bexcxoro yHr4BepcureroB. Or0poBclruu feOprilft BacfirbeB[q (1893-19?9] - ooroc.non, ou;ro_ rlcr0pr4KnyJrbrypbr.BonycrHunr{ npr,rBar-.qoqeur Honopoccr4r4cK0ro - npooeccopilpanocJraBHoto yHr.rBepcj4rera. B eluarpaur4u 60rocroscKoro ?tHcrr,iryra e llapume, peKrop B.na.qrunpcnofr ceMHiiapufie l{lro*ffopne, Ilpooecc0p.pflAa yHr,{BepcfireroB clljA. 102. IpelqyBcrBr,rflt{ cBepueHr4s (flpe4lcroeae r coopHr,txy,,l4cxo.u Ir Bocr0Xyl')// ltup Poccll.l- EBpa3fifl:aAHro.norus. 1,1.,1990, c. ag. 103. BeH.EreB. pocclrs. penolprllrs. eparMeHTHKHHrr4//pyc. nu_ reparypa, 1996, N t, c. ,tL 104. IlpelqyBcTBtrff r.t cBeplxeHuff. . . , c. ZB. 105. Tau fie, c. 24, ZS, 26. 106. TpySeqxoi,r H. c. 06 [crr4HHoMI,r Jr0x(HoM HauuoHair43Me//ItrilD - Eepaeus:AHTororl4fl,c. PJCCHI,I 48. 1 0 7 . T a u u t e ,c . 4 4 . 108. TaM$e. c. 44-45. 109. oropoBcnnfil. B. 0 Hapo.qaxHeficropr4qecKr,rx (CTpanaorrloB n rlTpaHaAereil)//lfiyp poccuu - EBpa3r,tfl:AHTororflfl, c. 21, 3g. 110. Ur,T' no itpr4Jr.x{e'r4n fi crarbe }t.A. Tyrapunoea ',EBpa3r,ffcrBo B Kpyre.Hauer0 BHI,rMaHI,tff,, // Alrr6 mater, 1gg2, N ?_9, c. 1g. BTexcte ucrortHI,rKa oaMurHff EyHanoaa-ooH.qaMr4HcK0f o rlcxal{eHa. 111. ilpe,q'{yBcrBuri fi cEepueHr4fl 0lpe,qucronuex c60pnntry ,'}rcxo.q K Bocrotty"), c. 23. 1 1 2 . T a Mx e , c . 2 4 . 113. CM.: lllneHrfiep0. 3aKar EBponH.0,iepril Mop0oJrorlr!Mr,rpo_ BOr.rr4cropr4fi.I. feurarbr 14.qeftcrBl,rreJrbg0crb. M., tgg3. Buueluas s 1918 r. H r4MeB[rafl ilyMHbdlycnex RH].rra0. uneHrlepa nepeBe.qeHa Ha pyccxl4t4J{sHRB 1923 r. Ilpaega, BTopoftee ToM He yAocTgegn6peBo1a rr x0 ct4x nOp He .qocTyneHpyccKoMyqr4TaTe,no.
_?6_ 114. f,npaaufictno (onur cilcreMaTr'-leclior'0Asfloxetr4n)// Mttp ioccr,rrt- Enpaann:AHrororlts, c. 233. 1 1 5 . T a Mf i e . c : . 2 3 5 . 116. Tau ffe, c. 23'.1,238. 117. Tauxe, c. 245. 118. Tau ile, c. 246, 253. 119. TaM re, c. 256-257. // lf|llpPoccHH- EepaauR:AH120. TpyoeunollE. C. Ms r .npyrne rororlls, c. 106, 10?. c. 272, Lt3Jl0]fteHl'tg), 121, EBpa3fiftcteo(onut cncreMaTt{qect{oro 122. CM. raM )te, c. 274. 123. Cu. raM me, c. 288, 289. 06UecrBeHHHe Hayrn 124. A.nerceesH.H. CoeetcKi4ff 0eAepar[tgM,'/ i l c o B p e M e H H o c r1u9, 9 2 , N 1 , c : l 2 l . 1 2 5 . C M .r a M i l e , c . t 2 2 - 1 2 3 . 126. l4caes H. A. EBpa3HficrBo:Mlto ltrH rpa,'nwrt?// I{0MMyH[cr, 1 9 9 1 ,N 1 2 , c . I 1 8 . ll]f-pPocctu.t* EBpa3lrr;AH12?. ltu3eBerrepA. A. EBpaBnRcrBo// c ., 3 1 ? . T'oJrorilg 128. CM.raM fie, c. 318-319. . co6rast// Mltp Poccnnf.B. Eepasuilcltttff 129. Cu.: Oltopoacnuil f,spaeuR:AHTororuR,c. 354. H.A. CnOpHo enpasuftcrne.0nHTilcropl't130. CM.: 0MerbqeHKo qecKofi peKoHcTpyRuun//nofl]'/ft. ltccJlel. , 1992, N 3, c. 162. ' ' 131, Cu.: HcnuxoeaJl.ll. , Cnaeuixas I,l.H. EBpa3uffct$nuclryc// Mup Pocclrtl- Enpaauh:Anro.norns,c. 8-9. H.O.OeloposaLrl{.: Oloporcrufi f . B. tlyrtr 132. 0 MnpoBo3opeul,tu pycckoro Oorocroenn.napttt, 193?; IbBoB B. 3araAoqguilctapux. II., 19 7 ? . 133. Tpyoeuxon H. C. nucbM0B peAaKutlm//Mnp Pocc[ll - Eepa3r,rs:AHroronrfl, c. 300-301. '134. opHe ecrb eBpagl4ficltnfi CaBnu(nRn.H. fagera "EBpa3?!fl" rs[// llfip Poccltn Eepasnn: AHrororl4fl, c. 312. 135. TpyoeuKonH.c. 0 pact{3Me//HePa, 1994, N 7. c. 258. 136. TaMfre, c. 259.
-77 t3?. oeAoroBf.11. Poccuff,nBponqu|Vd// 0eA0r0Bf,[. Cyli,08 u rpexgPoccillr,T.?, c. 11. 138. CM., oOgroul EarpaMoB 3. A, HaqsoHarbH&R uAer F eBpaiifiilcKoMK0HreKcre/,/ Enpae{n. Hapo.qu.ltyrbrypH. PeJrtrf}u. 1996, coos: crparentflrrHl'efN 1 (4), c. 9-16; HasapoaeB H. Ebpa3t{ffcK]rn (no Marepuaputurr// TaMile, c. 3-8; Espasrffcrnon c9BpeMenHocrr .lau "npyrlofq crora")// AImamater, 1993, N 5, c. 33-44; "EBpa.or0l")//C0('KpytnHff eHilclruff oopa": uleg, npo6aeMH, nepcne$tltBH xypnaJr,1995, Nl, c. I7-28i tr Ip. Ur{aJrbHo-norur. A. 0 Poccxa.tl. , 1991,c. 23. 14. 139. HJtbr{H t4O. TaMile, c. 26-27. 141. TaMue. c. 28, 29. 1 4 2 .T a Ms e . c . 3 1 , T 3 2 .
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