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II • i c n ETei • Mocra3a 2010
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YAK 811.111(075) 1513K 81.2AHr.1-9 B19
Ilpejoic.nosne
Bactumesa E. A. Ilpasana tiTeHI451 alinmticiaa CJIOB ,L1JI51 Ire1114BbIX : B19 Hoco6me. — M.: Ilpocneicr, 2010. — 40 c.
qaCTb 1. 11paBHJIB IlTeHH11 OLIHOCJIO)ICHbIX CJIOB 1.1. TI411b1 liTeH1451 rjlaCHbIX
ISBN 978-5-392-01145-2
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rnacHba 6yKB THII tiTeH14311UlaCHbIX 6yKB
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moweT Bupa6oTaTB H 3axpemiTh HaBbIK14 6bicTporo ripaBanbxoro YTe1414S1 CJIOB rpyrin ripH MHHI4MailbHOM 14C110J1b301331-11414 Tpaticx-rnmum. MaTepman B 1100061414 143.710)Kel4 B Bytae Ta6nm 14 moneneil. 3To riomoweT BaM C fierKOCTMO yCB014Tb npasktna LITCH14S1 aHrnmilcxmx CJI0B. ,L11151 Bcex mtcrepecylouruxest alirJ11413CKHM 23bIKOM.
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2.3. T-ITeHne nEtycnoAcHmx YAK 811.111(075) 1313K 81.2AHrn-9
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Baciumen EneBa AuaTonberma FIPABHJIA IITEHH51 AHFJ11/1171CKPIX OMB )1J151 JIEHVIBbIX YBe6ttoe rroco6xe
2.4. theme
IlacTb 3. Ilpasn.na ilTeH1111 MHOTOCJIMIIMX CJIOB 3.1. theime MHOTOC.110)KilblX CROB Hellp014380,BHO1%I cwyKryphi
3.1.1. itreHlie MHOFOCROACHIAX cymecTamenbmAx 3.1.2. T-ITeHl4e MHOrOCROXHBIX ripmaraTenbxbrx 3.1.3. IITeHHe MHOTOC.TIMICHMX rnaranos 3.2. OCO6eHHOCTI4 IlTeH1451 CJIOB C cogeTaHHem TJIBCHLIX 6yKB, npmaanewarmx pandam cnoram
CamTaptto-BnmaemBonoraLtecKoe BaxmoBeme Ng 77.99.60.9534.004173.04.09 OT 17.04.2009 r.
3.3. theilitellp0143BOWILIX MHOTOCJIWKHbIX CIIOB
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Opurman-maxeT noaroToBnem KomnamaeA 000 «Opvirmtan-maKeT* www.o-maket.ru ; Ten.: (495) 726-18-84
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© E. A. Bacmnbesa, 2010 © 000 «flpocneKro., 2010 1*-725
22
22 22 23 25 26 27 28
28 29 30 30 31 33
Ilpeamcaosue nepBmx maros B npouecce OCB0e111451 TeXHHKH irreHHA 51BJDIeTCH CHOCO6HOCTb npaBH.aBHo pa3AerISITI, cnoBa Ha enorH. ECM' B pyCCKOM SI3LIKC CJIOBO Hmeer CTOJILKO CJIOTOB, CKOJII,K0 B HeM THaCHMX 3ByKOB (QaHa rnacHas 6yicsa = 0,111411 CJIOT), TO B aHTJIHACKOM 51314Ke 11pHH111411 CJIOTO,LICJICHHA He Taxa 11pOCTOCI, 34(eCI, yxce cneuyer o6pamais BHHMaHHC H Ha cncppiceHHe, KOJIHIleCTBO H xaneerso cocerumx 6yKB. Ba30131di HpHHuHn enoroueneHHA B aHTJUICICKOM 513bIKe CJleXly10111HCI: npH pa3neneHHH CJI0Ba Ha CJIOTH B nepHylo onepeub eneuyer BbUleJIHTID ero enoBoo6pa3osare.mHme 3J1eMeHTM - npeclHucc, cycl4Hxc, olcoHnalme. 0,allaK0 He 0,TIFIHM 1,13
mime HMCHHO 3ByKH ABJUITOTC51 CJ101-006pa3poummit B KOHKpeTHOM CJI0Be. Cnoroo6pa3ytoruHmH B alITJIHriCKOM meHee
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H TO,
Bee rnacHme
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3ByKH (MOH043TOHTH, ,L1141TOHTH, Tp141:1)T0H-
3syxa:
Caoroo6pa3ponute 3.nemeHrm fRaCHble 3ByKH
-
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CornacHme coHopHme 3ByKH [1], [m], [n]
-
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XapaKrepsme nevi,' o6pa3por CJIOTH KaK eamocroxrenBHo, TaK H smecre C COTJlaCHMMH 3syxamH ( HanpHmep, lice [a's], butt ter ['bAta(r)]); CJIOT moxer 6Brrb yoBapHmm HJIH 6e3yuapHEam (HanpHMep, moment [' maumant]); «Hemme» raacHme camocroxrenhHO He moryr o6pa3osarb CJIOT (HaripHmep, tulne [tju:n]) o6soarernmo Hanwme B CJI0Fe Hapsuy C coHopHmm 3ByKOM «Hemoil» 'mama' (HanpHMep, taible ['teit)(a)1],prelsent ['prez(a)nt]); o6pa3por Bcerga 6e3y;2(apHmil coil /on (HanpHMep, CJIOT r kut(a)np; KaK npamno, cnor CTOHT B 'mime bloslsom (HanpHMep, cnora ['blips m])
HmBe HpHse,aeHm onpeueneHHA
OCHOBHMX 110H5ITHI3,
Koropme
HC-
11031b3y1OTCH B 110006HH.
3Hainima5 naCTI3 CJI0Ba, Haxo,usnuascs npH KopHe. AI4121)HKorpaihrummor CMMCJI KOpH51. A4411KC nepeu KopHem Ha3bIBaCTC51 npeOmccom (HpHeramcoii) H HOCHT CJI0B006pa3y10igHti xapaRrep (HanpHMep, irregular [i'regjula(r)], non-stop [nron'strip]). A4K1114KCbl Hoene KOpHA Ha3MBalOTCH nocmOuxcamu, nplinem CJI0B006pa30BaTeJlbHMe 110CT4 UCCM Ha3MBalOT cy0Ouiccamu (Hanplimep, snowy ['snow], visitor r vinta(r)D, a CJIOBOH3MeHHTellbHbIe TIOCTC11HKCM - epanimamutteocumu olcouttanusvou - cpneicemmn (HanpHMep, biggest ['bigist], pens [penz]). EyKea - rpactllineendi 3HaK HnH HOCJIC,210BaTeRbHOCTb HeCKOJILKHX 3HaKOB, HC110.11133yeMbIX ,H1151 0603HalleHH51 3ByKOB Ha nHcbme (HanpHMep, ship [fip], moon [MU:11]). OCO6eHHOCTSIMH aHTJIHrICKOTO 513MICa ABJIHIOTCH HeCOOTBeTCTInle mexcuy 6yKBeHHOI3 H 3ByKOBOI3 cropoHoil cnoBa, HarmnHe 0HeMbIX>> (Heturraemmx) 6yKB, pa3Hoe nreHHe 0,21H0r1 H 63no3m B A001/KC -
Cb1 g0110J1115110T, yT011H5110T,
3aBHCHMOCTH OT 110J10)KeHMI B CJI0Be H EyK6OCOgieMillille - coneraHHe Asyx Hnl 6onee 6yKB (cornacHmx H rnacHbrx), Hmeionum oco6oe oftuee HTeHHe, HO He 06513aTeJlbH0 OTHOCH11114XCA K OAHOMy enory (HanpHMep, bought [bo:t], know [nau], monkey rnArlki]). ,Tfuzpa0 - C011eTaHHe i1ByX 1-11aCHbIX 6yKB B npenenax oaHoro yuapHoro cnora H Hmelonwx oco6oe trreHHe (HanpHMep, mean [mi:n], toy [toi] ). ,IfttOmonz - conerame AByx TflaCHIDIX arleMeHTOB, 11p0143HOCHMMX 6e3 'myna B ogHom y,BapHom enure. BbIgeJ15110T 8 ,L(144)TOHTOB: [an, [el], [01], [au], [au], kat [ea], [ua]. Ha nHcBme uwlyroHr mower o6o3HanarBc51 6pooii 111114 coneraHHem 6yKB (HanpHMep, take ['elk], care [kea(r)]). 3eyx - kone6aHHB so3Ayxa, BocHpHHHmaemme opraHom cnyxa, yXOM, H o6pa3oBaHHme pa6oroti ry6, 513bIKa, 3y6oB H TOJIOCOBMX C135130K. 3ByKH MM CJIbIIIIHM H 11p0H3HOCHM, a 6yKBLI BKHHM H IIHMeM. MOIWOMOHZ - TilaCHMT71 3ByK, 11p0H3HOCHMMA B nper'enax QAHoro yuapHoro cnora. B aHrnlitimcom 513bIKe 12 MOH041TOHFOB: [I], [l:], [e], [x],[a:], [o], [o:], [U:], [u], [A], [a:], [a]. Ha rulcbme moHogyroHr mower o6o3Hanames QuHoil HJIH coneraHmem 6yKB (HanpHMep, but [bAt], her [ha:]). Pedytauvi - ocna6neHHoe 3BrIaHHe T.TlaCHOTO 3Byxa B 6e3yrlapHOM cnore (HanpHMep, sister [' sista(r)],final fain(a)1]). CROZ - 3T0 3ByK Will coneraHHe IleCKOJILKHX 3ByKOB, 11p0H3HOCHMbIX 0,211IHM TOJIHKOM smumxaemoro Bovwxa (HanpHMep, [0.1], penicil ['pens(I)1], beaulti[ful ['bju:11,f(a)1]). ['
2-725
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MacTb 1. IlpaBH.TIa IITeHH11 OkIHOCJIMICHbIX CJIOB THUM IITCHHH THHCHbIX 6yKB
H3BeCTHO, IITO onpeneneHxylo C.TIO)KHOCTb Ha HamanbHom 3Tane H3yLleH1151 aHrnifficxoro 513bIKa BbI3bIBaeT HMeHHO 'Treime CJIOB, 'coma Ha6nio,aaeTcsi 3Hal114TeJ113H0e pacxowneme mexcny 3Briamem CJIOB H 14X HarmcaHmem, H BbI3BaHO ,E1aHHOe 06CTOSITeJIbCTBO B OCHOBHOM TeM, IITO 26 6yxBaM aHrnuticscoro arul'aBHTa (6 TgaCHIAM H 20 con-mem:am) COOTBeTCTByfOT 44 (toxemia (3ByKa) — 20 TilaCHbIX H 24 COLTIaCHbIX. ECRU COHOCTaBHTb IiHCJIO TJIaCH131X 6y103 H 3ByKOB, TO cTaHeT SICHO, IiTO Ka)K,Rasi rnacHan 6yKBa mower HMeTb 4 BapHaHTa (THna) IlTeHHA, KaKabIll H3 KOTOpbIX 3aBHCHT OT cocenxim 6yKB. B nepBoil xacTit noco6HB 63/nyT paccmoTpeina npaBHna IlTeHH51 0,14HOCJIWICHMX CJIOB, icaropme 51B115110TC51 cammmil pacnpocTpalleHHbIMI4 B aHTJIHACKOM 5l3bIKe. )1E51 Hat-ma npennaraem 061Ilyio Ta6nHuy
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KaK BH,41-10 113 Ta6nHum, 02:1Ha H Ta rnacHan 6yxBa monce'r nepenaBaTb paankrumie 3ByKH. HMeHHO ee nonoxceme B Caere, COCeACTBO C TCMH HJIH HHIAMH 6ym3amm (Xanptimep, c 6ycBoi r B III Time tiTeH1431) onpeneJIRIOT 3ByK, 0603HallaeMbIii ;lama 6pcBoil. BHHMaHHe! He.11b351 IIHTaTb rnacHme 6yKBIA BHe cnora. C110C06HOCTE °Alla 14 TO14 6yKBbI o6O3Ha'iam pa3Hme 3ByKH HO3BOJIYIeT BbIACJIHTb H 6a3OBbIe monenm CJTOTOB, OTHOC3111114XC51 K Tomy 14JIH Hnomy THny TrexHB, me V — rnacHaB 6yxBa (vowel), C — cornacHasi (consonant): II
V
I
VC
CV
he, no
CVC
us, apple dog, let
III
IV
V+r
or
V + re
CV + r
bar, her
CV + re here,
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bare
VC + e ice, use CV + Ce like, tune
PaCCMOTpHM nonpo6Hee aHrimilcxom 513bIKe.
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1.2. I THH tiTeHHH TJIBCHbIX 6yKB
THIIOB IITCH1451 EllaCHIAX 6yKB:
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6e3 nay3m B onHom ynapHom cnore. B allETIllikKOM A3bIKe Hmeenn 2 TpialyroHra: [ala] H [a119]. Ha IIHCbMe Tp144)TOHT o6o3HaimeTcsi cogeTaxllem 6yKB (Hanpsmep, iron ['am], hour [aua(r)]). Ydapeuue — BmnenexHe •onHoro cnora no cpameinno C COCeglil4M14 C nomorumo ronoca H/11JIH ,U(JIHTe.THDHOCTI4 npoH3Heceinal. YnapHmm Bcerna 51BMICTC51 1-J1aCHbIti 3ByK. B MHOTOCJI0)KHbIX H COCTaBHbIX CJI0BaX BbIgell5110T rnaisHoe H wropocTeneHHoe ynapeHHe (Hanplimep, understand [,Anda'stwnd], fire - brigade [,faiarbri'geid]). B aHramticxom 513bIKe, B CTaBHTC5I BBepxy ne°mime OT pyccicoro, 3HaK rnamoro ynapeHHA ['lwrjgwid3]), a max Kropopen ynapHiam caorom (Hanpumep, language erellemoro ynapexag (,) — BHH3y, TaioKe nepen ynaplimm CJIOTOM (Hanplimep, accommodation [3,koma'deif(a)n]).
1.1.
Byxsa
Tpex EllaCHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB, 11p0H3HOCHMLIX
•.-1
TpuOmouz — coxeTaHHe
1 J1aCHbIe 6yKBIDI B I Time tITCHH51 HaXOXITC5I B OTKpbITOR 1103HUHH, T.e. ynapHiati cnor 3axamumaeTcsi HMeHHO Ha 3Ty rnacHpo. B TaKOR 1103HIAHH rnacHme 6yKBLI 1114TalOTC51 TaK, KaK OHH Ha3b1BalOTC51 B anitamne: a — [el] o — [au] u — [ju:] HJH [u:], ecnH nepen u CTOHT r (Hanpllmep, rude [ru:d], prune [pru:n]), ecni" nepen a CTOHT comeTaHHe cornacHoil + 1 (HanpHmep,f/ute [flu:t], plume [plu:m]),
2*-725
ecnit u npeAmecTuyeT
111H111111.11414 3ByK
(HanpHMep,
June [d3u:n], jute [d3u:t])
e — [i:] i — [ai] y — [ai] K I -rimy IITO111451 OTHOCATC51: - cnyttaii a6commuo omKpaim000 mom, 'coma Ha xopHenyto yriapHyto raacHyto 3axammtiaeTcm CJIOBO (HanpHMep, go [gau], me [mi:], fly [flat]); - cartaH, 'coma nocne Kopueea yoapuoii enaction ciledvem Opwast anacuaR, B TOM Illicne 14 oHemam» e, xoTopaii He 11p0H3HOCHTC51 H He ARTISIOTC51 cnoroo6pa3ponteil (HaHpHMep, foe [fou], glue [glu:], lie [lal], due [dju:]). Harlow1mm, iITO B 0)1110C.TIOWHIAX cnortax xoHeintait 6yxsa e iscema oHemag», ecnH, KoHeinio, oHa He e,T1HHCTBOHHa31 rnacHail B cnoue (HanpHMep, he [hi:], be [bi:], me [mi:]); cJryilaH ycnoelio OMKpb1MO20 CI102a, Koma nocne xopHeuoii yuapHoil rnacHoil cae,ayeT cornacHag (xpome r), a 3aTem CTOHT «Hemaii» e (HanpHMep, name [nem], home [haum], tune [tju:n], these [ai:z], file [fail], type [tam]). BHHMaHHe! CJIOBa C KOHOIMbIMH xopHeummH TflaCHIAM11 a, 1, U B 110aHTJ11411CKOTO 513bIKa 31111H11 a6COMOTHO OTKpbITOTO cnora He 5113.115110TC51 HopMoH. Tax, caoua flu [flu:], coxp. OT influenza zpunn, hi [hat], coxp. OT Hey! — npueem, ski [ski:] — KaMaMbC51 Ha AblaiCaX (H3 Hopumcxoro), you [ju:] — mbl, 6b1 (143 4)paHuy3cKoro) 5IBJDHOTC51 IICKTHOTIOHHAM14. -
—
1.3. II TIM IlTeHRSI TJIBCHbIX 6yKB FnacHme 6yKBbI BO II THne TITOH1411 HaXO4SITC51 B 3aKpb1T0r1 110314UHH, T.e. CJIOT 3axammuaeTcii Ha cornacHyto. B Taxa' 11031411(14H rnacHme tuna10TC51 KpaTKO, OTpbIB14CTO:
a — [w]
-
8
o— [o] u — [A] e — [e] i — [I] y — [I] Ko II 'rimy IITOHH51 OTHOCATCA: cnyttaH a6coluomuo 3axpbunozo CROW, icoma TJIaCHaff HaX0J:(HTC11 MeAczky ,rtsymil cornacHmmll (HanpHMep, man [mxn], hot [hA], but [bAt], let [let], pin [pin]);
-
cllyttaii a6comomuo 3axpsimozo mow, xouta nocne rnacHoii cne,ityeT He wma, a gue H 6onee cornacHmx (HanpHmep, lamp [lamp], solve [spiv], buzz [bAz], send [send], script [skript], rhythm [nom]); cnriall 3axpaimozo mom, 'coma CJIOBO (CHOI') HatumaeTcA Ha rnacHyto, HO 3axammuaercm Ha oaHy 11J114 HOCKOJIBKO cornacHmx (HanpHMep, act [wkt], odd [nd], us [As], elm [elm], inn [in]). BHHMaHHC!
He nyTacrre counanaionnie rpacluittecim, HO ounplaionuie yAapHmm cnoro I MTH II Timm IITC111151, cogepwa-
C51 110 lITCHHIO CJIOBa C
time 6yKBy V. Aei1CTBI4TOJIBHO, B CJI0BaX (II T1111 IlTeHH11), rjje a6COMOTHO 3aKplATI311.1 yaapHmil CJIOF oxallintuaeTcst Ha V, 3aTCM L10J1)KHa CT05111, oHemaim e (HanpHMep, valve [va21v], live [liv], solve [spiv], have [hwv]), a CJIOBa C ygapHmm yCJI0BHO-OTKpb1TbIM C.TIOTOM (I THII TITCHHA) Tatoxe co„TkepxcaT nocne xolletmoti v «Hemyto» e (HanpHMep, gave [gm], brave [breiv], five [faiv], dive [daiv]). B Tam( captain( cose-Iyem irreHHe KOHKpCTHOTO CJIOBa BbUICHHTb 110 cnosapio, 3aHecTH B oTaenbHmil CUHCOK H 3a110MHI4Tb.
1.4. III THU IITCHHSI EilaCHLIX 6yKB FnacHme 6yKBbI B III Time 14TeHH51 HaX011,5ITC51 B 3aKpbIT0r1 11031411HH, npwiem 3axpmua1o1 nim 3JIeMeHTOM Bcerza timcrynaeT 6yKBa r. B TaK0r1 1103141114H, HecmoTpst Ha rpacluittectwe CX0,aCTBO CO II THHOM IITeH1451 (3aKINABal0IgHti 3.TXMOHT — cornacHaii), xopHesam ygapHasi rnacHaii immeTcsi KaK ,110JITHil 3ByK — MOROI:I/TOM':
a — [] o [3:] u [3:] e [a:] i — [a:] —
—
—
Y — [ 3:]
K III THny IlTeHH51 OTHOCATC51: - cnyttaH rpaclnittecmi 3C1Kpb1M000 CJ10Za , Kor,aa CJIOBO HaTimiaemi Ha rnacHyto, a 3a Heii cnemreT 6yxua r (HanpHMep, art [a:t], or [0:], urge [a:d3], err [a:(r)], irk [3:k]); - cartaH rpactlimectui a6cornomuo 3aKpbunozo cmea, 6yxua r, 3axpiataionia2 xopHesoil ygapHmil C.TIOT, 5IB/151eTC51 nocneAHeci B cnoue (HanpHMep, star [sta:], for[fa:], purr [pa:], her[he:]). 9
MoHotirroHr [0:] BcTpenaeTcst H B HeKOT01313IX Ca0BaXconepkanatx 6y1cHocomeTame oo: door [do:], floor [flo:], four [fo:], your [jo:]; — crtygaH rpadpitectut a6cantomno 3atcpbuno2o mow, xorga nocne 3akpbmatouteil 6yKBEJ r CJICAyeT ewe aTuTa HJIH HeCKOJIbK0 COrnacHidx (Hanimmep, March [ma:tf], fork [fo:k], turn [to:n], term [ta:m], girl [go:1], Byrd[ba:d]). BHHMaHHe!
1.6. 11Tel-um Aurpmpou
mmunoxlemum,
1.5. IV THH IlTeHHH THHCHbIX 6yKB FnacHme 6ylobt B IV THIIe IlTeH1151 HaXOWITC51 B yCJI0BHO OTKpbIT011 npwlem nocne yTtapHoil KOpHCB011 rnacHai HneT 06513aTeabH0 6yKBa r, a 3a Heil Tatoke 06313aTeabHbIM 3J1eMCHTOM smcrynaeT
XapaKTepHofi gepToil aHrnmilciatx
THBHOCTb tITCHH51 TaaCHBIX 6yKB B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT HFISI, HO H oco6oe o6utee trreHHe cotteTaHHil ,rwyx TaaCHbIX 6yKB, CTOSIIIMX B 0,11110M ynapHom snore (nurpa(Dos). fle3aBlICHMO OT HaTIIPM51 HJIH OTCyTCTBH51 nocaextroantx 3a HHMH COTJIaCHbIX 6yKB nBe rnacHme IIp0H3HOCAT051 KaK TkonrHil MOH0(1)TOHT HJIH TAHCIITOHr H o6pa3poT artHH CJIOT. BHHMaHHe! He nyTailTe ntirpatb C cotteTaHHem Tksyx TRaCHbIX 6ytai, npmannexcaumx pa3HbIM cnoram, KaK npasputo, Ha CTbIKe npettnticca H KOp1151 HJIH KOpHa H CyCIAMKCa HJIH rpammaTmeckoro OK011'aaHHA . HaripHmep,
41TOHT, AFICI)T0Hr HJIH TpH4)TOHT:
a — [ea] o [o:] u [(j)ua] e — [la] — [am] y — [am]
BapHa6runkailluero oxppke-
CJIOB 51BJIMeTCA HC TOJIbKO
gnrpacp
He nmrpacl)
bean [bi:n] pie [pat] coin [kom]
react [rt 'wkt] carrier [' kxna] going r pun)]
—
MO6CTBa 3aHOMHHaH1451 H B COOTBeTCTB1111 C
—
1-si rpynna of [at] oy [at] ei [et] ey [et]
K IV Tilly anI11151 OTHOCSITC51: -
2-n rpynna au [0:] aw [0:] oo [u:] oo+k [u] ou [au] ow [au], [au]
enroll ycnoono OrilKpb1MO20 C.1102a, 'coma CJIOBO HainmaeTcA Ha rnacHyto, HOCJIC KaTopoil cneAyeT 6yKBa r FI npyrast rnacHam, KaK npaBHao «Hemast» e (HanpHmep, area [' earta], era ['taro], ore [0:]).
(Dopmbt rnarona to be are [a:] no TpeTbeMy Tilly IITCHYISI, XOTS1 rpa(lamte-
BHHMaHHe! HCKJII0aCHHeM ABJISHOTC51
were [wo:],
KOTOpIde IffiTalOTCA
CBI! 3TO CJIOTH aersepToro
-
npasHaamH qTeHI451
paccopTHpyem Tutrpaclmt no geTbipem rpynnaM:
cartatt raacHast
THna;
omicpbtmozo C.7102a, konla mapHam xopHeHast me)korty nsym2 cornacHmmH, npHitem BTOpOrl CO06513aTCJIbH0 smcryTmeT 6yKBa r, a cnenytoutHm onemeHTOM cnora macTynaeT rnacHast, kat( npaHHao «Hemast» e (HartpHmep, Mary ['mean], bare [ben], snore [sno:], cure ['kjua], here [m], fire ['fain], tyre [tam], tiro rtataraup. VC.7108H0
CTOHT
T-IHTatoTcsi
o6e irreaHe
T-ITeruie oco6eHHoe 14 He cnenyeT 143 11Te-
6JIH3K0 K JIaTHHcxomy Ha3Baxmo BaHHE4X 6yKB
Hag Ka)K,11011 6yKBbl B
6yKsbi;
OT,BellbHOCT14
3-si rpynna ai [et] ay [et] oa [au] oe [au] ue [(j)u:] ui [(j)u:] ea Ii:] ee Iii ie [at] ye [at] 1114TBeTCII
TallbK0
nepsasi
6yKBa; IlTerme anctiasHTHoe
4-H rpynna eu [(j)u:] ew [(j)u:]
1114TBeTC51
BHHMaHHe! KaK BHAHO H3 Ta6JIHUbI, K ,avirpacimm OTHOCATCH H H1151
rnacHoii
10
Cnosa where [wen], there [den] 1113.115110TCR HCKJHOIICHITSIMH.
cogeTa-
6yKBI:d C 6yKBOII W.
„
BHHMaHHe!
TOJIL-
KO wropasi 6yxBa; =mime ancloasHTHoe
cogeTaHHil rnacHbtx 6yKB, raM, paccmaTpHsatarcst B macTH 3, pamen 3.3. • OCOOeHHOCTI1 YTeH1451
OTH005111114X01 K
pa3HbIM
CJIO-
11
1-H rpynna Luirpacpou B131)1eJIHM OCHOBHble OCO6eHHOCTII
,/mrpa4), ou Ammon" rpynnm.
— AHTpa4mI oi, oy INITalOTC51 KaK [On (fianpnmep, noise [noiz], boy [boi]); — B 6e3ystiaptiom 110J10)KeH1414 Aurpactim oi, oy gHTalOTC51 TaK Ace (HanpHMep, turmoil r ta:m3111, envoy [' envoi]); — Anrpalmi el, ey inTraiarcsi Kai( )1114(1)TOHT [el] (rianpkimep, eight [eit], they [6e1]) 14J114 Kai( monoclyronr [i:] (HanpHMep, receive [ri' si:v], key [ki:]). 3anoMHwre! B cnonax either ['ai6a], neither rnaioal, height [hait] Anrpacli ei nkuraeTc.a KaK [al], a B cnoue leisure ['1e3a] Kai( [e]; — B 6e3ynapnom nonoxceium ,alirpacDm ei, ey nilTalOTC51 KaK ocna6nemnat 38yx [i], T. e. C peapalneil (HanpHMep, foreign ['form], money mAni]); — Anrpaclibi ei, oi umnyrcm B cepe,iame CJIOB; — Anrpatimx ey, oy
11111LlyTC51 B KOHJAC CJIOB.
2-u rpynna Afirpacbon
Han6onee xapaicreptimmn tiepTamn
Alirpatios ,TlaHHOci
rpylinm
— cogeTanne Anrpacba oo+k tirrraeTcsi xparKo [u] (HanpHMep, look [luk], book [buk] *); — B 60JIMIIHHCTBe carmen ,Tinrpacli ou lIp0H3HOCHTCY1 KaK T.(144)TOHT [au] (HanpHMep, sound [saund], out [aut]). 3anominne! B CJI0BaX-3a14MCTBOBaH1431X H3 clipanny3cKor0 .513b1Ka Anrpalcs ou =lumens' Kai( [U:] (nanpumep, you [ju:], bouquet [bu:' kel]); — HeTHII1411HIDIM ABJ5leTC51 lITCHHe gurpaclia ou B cnonax country ['kAntri], enough [1"nnf], rough [rAf], trouble [trAbl], young Um)] Taxwe shoulder faulda], though [6au] — [au] 14 cough [kof] — —[A] , a [o]; — B 6e3ykiapnom 110J10>KeHl414 Aurpal) ou tirrraeTc51 KaK HalTpallbHla 3Byx [a] (HanpHMep, nervous [' no:vos], famous [' fennas]); — Allrpal9 ow 1111TaCTC.51 Kai( [au] HJIH [au] (HanpHMep, now [nau], snow [snau], bow [bau]). 3anoivinwre! B cnose knowledge ['nohd3] ,Ekurpa4) ow tinTae-rcsi Kai( [o]. — B 6e3y,isiapnom 110.110)KeHHH AHrpal) ow nmeeT TO xe LiTenne [au] (HanpHMep, window ['windau], yellow ['jelau]). BHHMaHHe! IITCHlie CJIOB, cogepwaninx gurpalned ou H OW, peicomennyeTcsi lipoBepsrrh HO cnosapio H 3a110MHHaTb. 3-H rpynna Anrpacpou
51BI111-
Paccmownm AHrpacimA nan6onee mnoroimcnemiori rpynnM. — AHrpactu ai 14 ay 1114TalOTCH KaK Ill4C1/TOHF [el] (HanpHMep, main
10TC51cne,aponme:
— ,axrpactim au H aw tilnalOTC51 Kai( ,40.TITHR MOHOCDT0Hr [0:] (HanpHMep, daughter d3:to], law [lo:]). 3anommiTe! B oTotiembrimx cariagx ntirpacl) au tinTaerc.a Kai( [ a: ] [1a:f] HIH [D] — because [birkoz]; —aunt[a:nt],laugh monocinpiir [u:] (HanpHMep, too — ,Linrpa(1) oo nilTaCTCSI KaK [tu:], moon [mu:n]). Bilk-maim! Caosa foot [flit], good [gud], soot [sut], stood [stud], wood [wud], wool [wul] SIBRAIOTCSI HCKIHOLICHHeM, H ;impact) 00 B MIX '414TaC7C51 'Tam) [u]. Aurpacl) 00 ngracrcsi KaK [A] B CjI0BaX-HCKJIMileHHSIX blood [bind] nflood [find]:
•
irremut
CBOB).
12
6e3y)lapHIAX CROTOB CM. qaCTb
[mein], day [del]). 3anommIre! Cnosa said H says, cogepwaume Aamme nurpaclud, IIHTalOTC51 [sed] H [SeZ] COOTBeTCTBeHHO; — B 6e3ygapHOM 110J10)KeHHH Hrpacbm ai H ay peAylinpyiurcsi H Hp0H3HOCATC51 'Tang) [1] (HanpHMep, mountain ['mauntin], Sunday [' snndi]). BHHMaHHe! ECM4 B 6e3yLiapnom clic:pre 3a nktrpa(l)om ai Hall ay cnenyeT 6yKBa 11, TO HpH T4TeH1114 Aamime AnrpacImi kmor,na MOT IleJIHKOM HOrnoulaThcx (HanpHMep, certain ['sa:t(a)n ], Britain ['brIt(a)n]); — nFirpaclnil oa H oe IIHTa1OTC51 KaK AlicbTOHT [au] (ilaripnmep, boat [bout], toe [tau]).
2 Wpm:slum tiTeM431 BByCJIOACHMX
° CmoTpwre Taioice pa3Aea 1.8. 3-725
13
3anoMHHTe! FICKJII0T4eHileM 51BRATOTC51 cnosa abroad [o'bro:d] 14 does [dAZ], B 6e3y,L(apHOM II0J10)KeH1414
Aurpacina oa
H
oe 1114TalOTCSI TaK xce (Ha-
npHMep, cocoa rkaukaup; — gurpalna ue H Ui IIHTaIOTC51 KaK [U:] (Hanpiimep, fruit [fru:t], cruise [kru:z], due [dju:], Tuesday [' tju:zcli]); — nurpal) ee qwraeTcA KaK ,aouruii mollogyrour [i:] (HanpHMep, see [si:], meet [mi:t]); — Aurpacti ea MO)KeT IIHTaTbC51 ABOAKO: n1460 [1:], JIH60 [e] (HanpHMep, tea [ti:], read [ri:d], treat [tria], Ho bread [bred], death [de0], threat [Oret] H T.n.); — nnrpacl) ie nmeeT nTeHne [i:] (HanpHMep, piece [pi:s], chief [tf i:f], believe [bIli:V]), OgrHaK0 B OAHOCJI0)KIIMX CJI0BaX I Tuna IITeHH51 gnrpacti ie tinTaeTem xax B ainliannTe [ai] — tie [tai], die [dai], lie [lai]; — B 6e3y,aapHOM 110J10)KeHHH AHrpacl) ie 11p0H3HOCHTC51 'Tam° [1] (HanpHMep, Willie [' will], Freddie r fredip; — gurpail) ye tiirraeTcsi Kai( [ai] (HanpHMep, dye [dai], rye [rat]). 4-sa rpynna AxrpacpoB B AaHHoti rpynne ripeTicTangeHo Asa ,g,Hrpapa: — ,aurpait eu tiuraeTcA KaK [ju:] H ranneTcsi B cepeninie cnoua Ha(npumep, feud [fju:d], neutral ['nju:tr(a)1]); — Aurpa4) ew 111411IeTCA B KoHne CJI0Ba H mo)KeT nliTaTI,C51 nopa3Homy — [ju:] (HanpHMep, new [nju:], few [fju:], steward [ ' Still:ad]) HJIH [u:] (Hanpnmep, chew [ffu:], Jew [d3u:], crew [kru:]). 14TaK, paccmoTpeo OCHOBHbIe rpyrinbi gorpaclioo, MO)KHO 3a10110 ,114Tb, WO 3TO HMeHHO TOT CJIrlarl, xorga name o6binHo caegyeT o6painaTbesi K cnortapsim, 3aIIOMHHaTb Hanneame H, KOHetIH0, npotrremie CJIOB, cojiep>Kaimix 1.7.
qTeHHe COFJIBCH161X 6yKB
Hpasuria =Imam cornacumx 6yKB B OTJ11411He OT npainig nTeH1451 rnacMAX HeMHOT0t114CJICHHIA 14 „Time COOTHOCHMBI C nono6ummi" npasunamu B pycacom 513bIKe. B aHTJIIICICKOM 513131Ke, KaK H B pyCCKOM, cyinecTnyiar 3BOHKHe H rayme cornacHme, Tnepgme H MATKI4e. 0,1111aK0 B OTJIWIH8 OT pyccxoro 513bIKa aHT.TIMICKne 3BOHKHe corEacHme 6yKBBI B KOHUe CJIOB IIHTMOTC51 3BOHKO, 110 11T14 6e3 ornymemni (cp. dye [,nyn], 306 [30CIA, MUZ [mmk], cad [car], npu3 [nom] B club [klis.b], bed [bed], bag [bang]); cornacHble, "'melon= Tuepapo cDopmy, HI4KOTAa He cmArnaxyrcsi, a crenem, MATKOCTH ,apyrux COTJIaCHbIX He 'micas,' BbICOKa51, KaK B pyCCKOM 513bIKe (HanpHMep, bush [buf], jump [d3Amp], lip [lip]); ynuoeinime cornacume 6yKBI01 ucerna 1114TaIOTC31 KaK 0,L(14H COTRaCHbIcl 3ByK (HanpHMep, egg [eg], miss [m's], buzz [bAz]).
finwe ripmEte,aeHa xpancasi xapaKrepnenixa aHFJHIHCKHX COTJIaCHMX 6y KB B aBHTHOM HO 51,EkKe. EyxHa qTeHHe Ilinimep b, bb [ b] boy [boa cabbage [' kxinc13], grab [grab] c [s] — nepeg rnacHbimn e, i, cell [sel], city r sail bicycle y H «Hemoii» e; ['baisik(a)1], ice [ais]; [k] — nepeg rnacHbain a, o, u can [kan] , cold [kauld], cup [km] — nepeg corgacinamH crop [krop], clip [klip], doctor [' cinkta] — B KOHLIe cJIoB; music [' mju:z1k], topic [' tnpik]; [f] — nocne rnacmax nepeg social ['sauf(a)1], ocean [ auf (a)n]; 6e3ygapin1mH e, i; [k] — nepeg rnacHmmu a, o, occasion [a'ke13(a)n], account CC [a'kaunt], accuse [a 'kju:z]; U; [ks] — nepeg rgaciimmn e, i accent ['aks(a)nt], accident ['aksid(a)nt] d, dd [d] dog [dog], spider ['spaida], middle [' mid(a)1], odd [od], bad [bad] f, ff [f] family [' fxnuli], rifle [raif(a)1 ], cliff [kid], if [if] Ho! [v] of [av ] g, gg [d3] — nepeg rnacHsimn e, i, gem [diem], gin [clyn], energy [' eny 14 «HemoR» e; ady], suggest [sa'd3est], cage [keic13]; Ho! [g] begin [bi'gin], finger [' finga], forget [fa'get], get [get], girl [ga:1], give [giv], together [ta'ge6a]; [g]— nepeg rgacHbimn a, o, gap [gasp], go [gau], gun [gAn], guest u [gest], guide [gaid] — nepeg corgacHhimn grab [grab], glad [glad], English [' mglif] — B KOHIle cJIoB; bag [bwg], iceberg [' alsba:g], pig [pig]; [3] — B HexoTopmx 3anincT- regime [rei'3i:m], genre ['3a:nr] BOBa1114.51X 143 ilipaml. 513. h [h] home [haum], hello [halau], behind [He minaeTcx] — B mem,[bi'haind], inhabit [in'habit] 1-11,1X cgoBax forehead ['fond], heir [ea], hour [aua], honour ['ona], honest ['must], ghost [gaust], vehicle r viak(a)11 jam [tam], jug [d3Ag], jealous j [d3] [' d3elas], subject ['sAbd3ikt], injure ['incl3a]
14
15 3'-725
ByKBa k 1, 11
thellne
[k] [1'] — cmArneHHasi cpopma nepea rnacHmmii; [1] — nepen cornacHmmH — B KOHIIC CJIOB
m, mm n, nn p, pp q
r, rr
s
[m] [n] [p] [kw] [k] — B 3aHmcrB0Bamisix (1)patiu. x3.
H3
[r] — nepea rnacHoii, xpome «Hemori» e; [ He qHmercsi] — III 14 IV THII cnora [s] — B Hamane CJIOB — B KOHHe CJIOB nepen rnyxoci cornaclia H nocne i,
Ilpnmep kid [kid], skin [skin], bake [beak], ink [iijk] lemon ['lemon], link [11gk], blue [blu:], alley r ad.* bulk [bulk], build [bald], help [help] smile [small], hill [hil], useful [' ju:sful] man [mwn], common ['uman], hum [hum], blame [bleim] nose [nauz], net [net], manner ['mina], bun [bun], tune [tju:n] pet [pet], appear [a'pia], stop [stop], grape [greip] queen [kwi:n], quite [kwait], square [skwea], conquer rknoka], unique [ju'ni:k], queue [kju:] red [red], script [skript], arrange [a'reind3]; bar [ba:], bare[bea], fur [fa:], hire [ham] sorry [' am], sit [sit], sleep [sli:p] must [most], ask [a:sk], chest [tfest], this [bus], bus [bus], famous [' feimas]
bylma ss
CJI0B;
t, tt
— nocne rnyxofi cornacHog BO MH.11. cym. H rnaronos B 3-M B. e,B.q.; [z] — mexcay ,asymx rnacHb1M14
Ho! [s] — nocne mamba e, o, y BO MIttl. cyai. H 1-.11aTOJI0B B 3M n. ea.q. — nocne 3BOHICI4X comaeHbIX BO MH.q. cym H rnaroROB B 3-M JI. ea.q.; [f] — B cnoBax sure [fua], insure [in'fua], sugar ['fuga] 16
is, his, as, has, was lamps [1wmps], forks [fo:ks], cats [kMtS], likes [laiks], hates [heits], sleeps [sli:ps]; nose [nauz], pleasant ['plez(a)nt], season [' si:z(a)n], rise [raiz] base, case, dose, goose, geese, hottse, mouse, promise flies [flaiz], photos [' fautauz], boys [boa], goes [gauz], plays [plea] pens [penz], balls [bo:lz], rings [rI13z], feels [fi:lz];
[z] — mexcay yaapHI,IM 6e3yaapHmm c.norom [t] [He qprraercsi] —
B
H
mine
CJIOB-3aHMCTBOBaH1414 143 V
w
ilipaHn. [v]
x
[w] [He iiHraercB] — B cepeaHHe
[ks] — nepen cornacHmmH — nepen 6e3ynapHai macH01 — B xoHne CJIOB; [gz] — nepen ynapHori rnacHoil; [eks] — B Hatiane cocTaBHbIX CJIOB;
[z] — B Hamane CJIOB y
[j] — nepen ynapHoii rnacHoii
z, zz
[z]
1.8. ilTemte
Ilimmep lesson ['les(a)n], blossom ['blosam], miss [this], chess [qes]; scissors ['sizoz], possess [pa'zes] tree [tri:], potato [pa'teitau], butter ['Waa], cut [kAt] restaurant ['rest(a)ro:D], parquet [' pa:kei], jabot [3a'bau]
313.
CJIOB
U, OU HO! [z]
thetute [s] — B cepenHBe 14 Komie
violet ['vaialat], give [giv], love [lAv], every [' evri] west [west], swim [swim], widow [' widau]; two [tu:], answer ['a:nsa], sword [so:d] next [nekst], explore [ik' splo:], text [tekst] exercise [' eksa,saiz], approximate [a'praksimat]; axe [wks], tax [tasks], box ['Links]; examine [1g 'zwmin], exist [Ig'zist], exact [ig'zwkt]; X-ray [,eks'rei], X-line [,eks' lam], X-treem [,eks'iri:m]; xenophobia [,zena'faubia], Xerox [' ziaroks] you [ju:], year [jfa], young UAW, beyond [bijond] zest [zest], zone [zaun], crazy [' kreizi], puzzle [pAz1], fizz [fiz]
6yKBocovieTamul
IlomHmo mirpacDos, Hmeionmx oco6oe q'reHHe B npeiienax ()Timm cnora, B al-11-.TIHACKHX CJI0BaX Bcrpeqatorcx 6ylmocolieraHHB (COLTIaCHBIX H FIlaCHMX), Talace o6naaaionme crienminpunam greHHem BHe 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TiTeHH51 OTACJI1,1113IX 3J1eMeHTOB, COCTaBJ15110111AX naHHbIe cogeTaHHA 6yKB. B yKa3aHHOM cnyqae peg', liner He o tiTeHHH B ripenenax onHoro cnora, a o greHHH onpeneneHHmx 6yKB, BcrpetialomHxcsi Brnecre B npeAenax oxioro cnora. B ripHBeneHHoil HHHce ra6aHne npennaraiorcB npaillina LITCH1451 HaH6o$1ee pacripocrpaHeHHmx 6ylo0comeraran3. 17
byKsoconeTanne aff aft air al + cornacnam (KpoMe k,m,f,ve) alf
-1-renme Run [a:ft] [ea] [3:1]
11pnmep staff [staff], chaff [tfa:f] craft [kra:ft] , after [a:fta], draft [dra:ft] fair [fee], repair [II' pea], hair [hea] all [o:1], false [fo:ls], salt [so:lt]
alm
[a:n [o:k] [a:m]
half [ha:f], calf [ka:f] talk [to:k], walk [wo:k], chalk [tfo:k] palm [pa:m], balm [ba:m], calm
alve ance
[a:v] [a:ns]
calve [ka:v], halves [ha:vz] chance [tfa:ns], dance [da:ns], glance
anch and
[a:ntf] [a:nd]
branch fbra:ntj], stanch [sta:ng] demand [df ma:nd], command
ant
[a:nt]
plant [pla:nt], can't [ka:nt], grant
alk
1
[ka:m] [gla:ns] [ka'ma:nd] [gra:nt] arr
[ter]
ask
[a:sk]
asp
[a:sp] — B a6-
marry [' flown], narrow ['nirau], carrot ['karat] basket ['ba:skit] task [ta:sk], mask
[ma:sk] COJIIOTHO 3aKplATOM
ass ast
[a:s] [a:st] [east] [a:0]/[a:6]
bt
[t] — B mule
ead ear ear + cornacilasi eath eer eir err exh (d)ge IlpaBano 4 6)/KB EC1114 ecn. co-
pass [pa:s], grass[grass], glass [glass] fast [fa:st], plaster r pla:stalnasty
TO dge (pledge, plunge)
debt [det], doubt [daut]
gh
[He LinTaenst]
neighbour [' nelba], thorough [' 0/u-a],
[f]
ought [3:t] laugh [1a1], enough [i'nnf], cough
[n] — B mule
sign [sam], foreign ['form], reign
[kof] gn
CJIOB
coos
ch
[igz] [d3]
head [hed], bread [bred], dead [ded] near [ma], clear [Um], appear [a'pia] learn [la:n], heard[ha:d], earl [a:1] breath [bre0], death [de0] deer [dia], career [ka'ria], beer [bta] their [6ea], heir [ea] terrible ['tenb(a)1], berry ['ben], error ['era] exhaust [ig'zo:st], exhibit [1g 'zibit] bridge [brid3], edge [ed3], lodge [113{13]
[ed] [ta] [a:] [e0] [la ] [ea] [er]
runnenst cogeranue ge, min Her,
taste [teist], paste [peist] bath [ba:0], rather ['ra:aa], path
[Pa:O]
[k]
[rem] gnash [nxf], gnome [naum], gnat
chat [fwt], bachelor ['bigala], coach
—
[kautf]
CMOS
[nit]
igh
[al]
right [raft], night [natt], fighter
school [sku:1]„stomach ['stAmak], echo [' ekau]
ild
[amid]
wild [waild], mild [mild], child
[f] — B 3a14MCT-
machine [ma'fi:n], moustache
[aind]
mind [mamd], blind [blamd], kind
BOBB111151X 113
[ma'sta:f]
ind
[f] [k] — B CJI0Bax rpegecKoro nponcxmice-
B Hatiane
[' fatta] [gaild]
HI451
cl)palut. 513. 18
Ilpumep clock [kink], stick [stik], luck [Ink]
look)
MaCHblii 3ByK, TO
['na:sti] aste ath
ck Ilpainfflo 3 6yKB EcisH B caose °Alia raacnast, TO mnuemi 6roocogeTatme ck, eclat )Ke ,nse I-J1aCHLIX, TO npo CTO 6yKBa k (lock,
grasp [gra:sp], clasp [kla:sp], raspberry ['ra:zban]
cnore
IlTenite
ByKsocomeTaHme
[kamd] 19
BytmocogeTaxxe
kn mb mil
truxxe [n] [m] — s xoHue
Ilpumep know [nau], knee [ni:], knight [trait] climb [klaim], dumb [dAm], bomb
CHOB
[bum] autumn [' 3:tarn], solemn ['snlam], condemn [kan' dem]
[ m] — nocne rnacHoil B
1-1TeHHe
pb
[b] — s comsHbIX cnosax [f]
ph pn
[n] —s3anm-
Ilpmmep cupboard ['kAbad], raspberry
['ra:zbari] photo ['fautau], telephone Dell ,faun], triumph [' tratamf] pneumonia [nju:' mutual pneumatic
KOHLIe CJIOB
CTBOB3H1451X II3
[11j11: ' Mxtilc]
psychology [sat' kulady], pseudonym
ng nge
[n] — B cocTascnosax [13] [nd3]
rpeq. 513. [s] —B 3axmcTBOBaHHAX 113
[' sju:danim]
qu
rpeq. [qw]
queen [kwi:n] quick [kwik], question
nk
[rik]
qua
[kwo]
oar old
[a:] [ auld]
scl sh
[sl] [sAg]
nd
HbIX
olk om
on
ook 00f
oth
[auk] [Am] — B OTneilbHMX CJ10sax [ An] — B OTAe.gbH1,1X C.T10sax [uk] [ua] Ho! [a:] — door, _floor [A6]/[A0] — s OT,/telIbHbIX
ought ould our
ov
20
ByKBOCOMeTaillie
cnosax [o:t] [ud] [aua] — s yaapHom nonowerum [a] — B 6e3ynapHom nonowen1411
handsome [' hxnsam], sandwich [' sxnwtc13], handkerchief [' hwnkatfif] sing [sill], coming [' kArrup], wing [wm] change [tfemd3], dangerous [' demd3aras], plunge [plAnd3] tnink M1)4 donkey [' dpoki], linking [ 1rDkirj] board [bo:d], coarse [ko:s], roar [ro:] cold [kauld], gold [gauld], molding
ps
[' kwest f(a)n]
['mauldiu] folk [fauk], yolk [jauk] some [sAm], become [bt'lum], comfort
sten
[sn] — s KoHne
SI1
[front] book [buk], took [tuk], cooking r kUkID1 poor [pua], moor [mua]
quality [' kwDliti], squash [skvvof], qualify rkwoh,fail muscle r mns(a)li ship [fip], smash [smwf], show [fau], astonish [a'stomf] listen [lts(a)n], fasten ['fa:s(a)n]
CJIOB
[' kAfaat]
month [mAn0], son [sAn], money [ ' mull], wonderful [' w Ando ,ful], front
513.
[ Sl]
[f]
(t)ch rIpasano 4 6yxs Ecns nepen [tf] eCTb cornacHbei
whistle ['wts(a)1], castle [' ka:s(a)1], wrestle r res(a)11 chat [g' xt], fetch [fetf], such [sAtf]
3ByK, TO IIHIlleTC51 Ch,
ecru,' HeT, TO
—
tch (inch, itch) mother ['mAaa], other ['Ada], nothing
14cx.rnomeHrts:
[ Innen)]
much, rich, such
th bought [bol], nought [non fought [fo:t] could [kud], would[wud], should [fud] flour [flaua], hour [aua], sour [saua]
honour ['Dna], favour ['fewa], humour
[' hju:ma] above [a° hew], dove [dAv],
[AV] — B OT-
love [Inv],
nenbHmx coosax
cover [' knva]
ti tur
[0] [a] — mexcny
thank [Ownk], thin [Om], bath [ba:0], myth [rm0] mother ['mAaa], bathe [beta], clothes
1-.33CHb1MH
[klauaz]
(xpome 3aHmCTBOBaHilli H3 rpeq.s3.) — s cnprce6HbIX cnosax [f] — nepen ent, ion
[tfa]
author [' 3:0a],method ['meOad] this [ats], the [c a], with [wia], there [aea], than [Own1 patient [' pel(f)ant], action [' xkf(a)n] future ['fju:tf a], natural ['nzetfar(a)1]
21
Byksocoge-ratme urr wa wh
tireHHe [Ar] [wiz)] [w] [h] — nepen 63(xsoil o [we:] —nepen cornacHoil [r]
wor wr
IlacTb 2. 2.1. Yaapemke K Hepnomy
B
111pHmep currently [' kmantli], hurry ['him] wash [wpf], swan [swon], want [wont] when [wen], why [wai], whirl [wa:1], whale [well] whole [haul], who [hu:], whose [hu:z] word [wa:d], world [wa:ld], work
[wa:k] [rait], wrist [rist], wrong [rot)]
write
HpaBlIJIa
,L1(13yCJIMICHbIX CJIOB
nnycnonmux caoktax
erneriplinaraTenbm,ix, koropme nmetor ynapeHne Ha KOpHeBOM, KaK npaHnno, nepHom cnore. B CHOBaX 110A06HOTO Tuna Baxmo npaBHJI1410 riposecrn rpm-linty mewny cnoramn, oripenennm Till ynapHoro, T. e. KopHenoro cnora, a Taioxe Till penymtnn 6e3ynapHoro cnora (HanpHmep, pulpil, borlder). Y,HapeHile B HByCJIMICHMX CJI0BaX BTOpOTO mita (B OCHOBHOM 3TO TJMTORE', Hapetn4H, capice6Hme cnora), HanpoTHH, CTOHT Ha 13T0p0M caore, T. K. COHCIDICaLTHIRCH B MIX npeclunce He npHTHrnHaeT K ce6e ynapeHne (HanpHmep,prolduce, bellow). THIIy HByCJICOICHMX CJIOB OTHOCHTC51 6OJIbIIIHHCTBO
CTBIITCTIbHbIX H
2.2.ga-exile orIByCJIONalbIX CJIOB C ynapekmem Ha Hepnom caore Hpaniuio 1. ECJII4 mewny naymst IIHTal0IIIHMHCA THaCHbIMH pa3HbIX cnoros HaXO,HHTC51 °Alla cornacHak, TO oHa OTX0HHT KO HTopomy cnory, a CJIOT CTaHOBHTC51 yCJI0BHO OTKplATIAM, H kopHesast rnacHak nonygae'r antbaHHTHoe wreHne (I THII cnora). Hanpnmep, mulsic [' mju:zik], glolbal glaubal], pillot pailot]. Hpammo 2. ECJI14 3a kopHeHort LT-mem:Ai enenykur nne (B TOM -Lawrie H onnHakoHme, BKTHOTIa51 Haormyro r) H 60.11ee COTTIaCHbIX, TO CHOTOBa51 rpa Hnua npolineT me)kny 3THM14 cornacHhimn, nepHmil CHOI' CTaHOBHTCH 3aKpbITMM, H KOpHeBa5I rnacHasi nonyttaez KpaTxoe Irreture (II TIM cnora). Hanpnmep, sunlny ['sent], soriry ['son], acltor ['f kta], penlcil ['pensil]. ilaHHoe npamkno pacripocrpaHneTen H Ha CROBa, B KOTOplAX 3a 22
ynapHoil rnacHoli cnenyeT ontia 6yxBa r H HpyrHe cornacHme, rtpmem r OTXOJHT x ynapHomy cnory (III Tnn cnora). HanpHmep, parity ['pa:il], thirsty ['03:sti], orlder ['0:da]. EU-1H ?Ke Hoene ynapHon rnacHoii cnenyeT 6y1o3a r, a 3a Heil nneT rnacHaH, TO 6yKBa r OTX0)114T KO HTopomy cnory, HO BJIMICT Ha LiTeHne KopHenoki rnacHoii (IV Till cnora). Hanpnmep, stalring rsteariafailry ['feart], tilred ['taiad]. Ilpammo 3. ECIM B kopHeHom cnore coneparrcH AHrpa(l), TO OH COxpameT CBOe tiTCHHe He3aBHCHMO OT KOJIIITIeCTBa TIOCJIeHylOIMIX 3a HIIM treatIment ['tri:tmant], roylal cornacHMx. Hanpnmep, slowlly [' roial]. 11pm:swan 4. CageTaHiksi COLTIaCHbIX 6y103, nepenatouwx 0,LIIIH 3ByK (ck, ch, tch, sh, dg, ng), pauterunarcH Ha =mita rpannne Ha nHe 6yxsm. Hariplimep, roclket [' rokit], banlging ['bf Diu], fislhy budlget [' bAtit]. B CBOIO ottepent, 63/1a3a x, nepenatowaH gBa 3Hyka, paccmaapHHaeTcH icak Awe cornacHme 6yKBI.I. Hanpnmep, boxing ['bDksirj], sixty [' siksti], axe ['f ks]. Bimmayme! IITCHHe CHOB, B KOTOpMX ynapHmil cnor 3aRaHnkmaezcsi Ha 6y1cHy v, cnenyez cHepHTH nO cnompto. HanpHmep, dril ving drawm], Ho living ['livuj].
IlpasHno 5. ECJII4 ynapHmil cnor rpatinotecm4 ABIDIeTC51 I HJIH IV THcnora, a KOHeTillbIti CHOI IIp0F13HOCHTCH KaK [It] , TO B KOpHeBOM re rnacHast 63rneT 3133/gam xpaTxo, icax BO II nine. HanpHmep, plainet melrit ['merit]. gaHHoe npasiiio He paenpo['plf nit], viivid B ynapHom cnore eCTb 6yKBa u (Hanplimep, elpaHneTca Ha CHOBa, stulpid [' stju:pici], dulring rodjuorm]), nn6o CROBO okatonnmeTcH Ha -y (HarTHmep, balby [' beibi]). 110M
2.3. 11TeHHe AByCJIMKIWIX CJIOB C ynapewaem Ha
BTOpOM
caore
ynaptimm BTOpbIM B 6e3ynapHom n0npaHnaHHomy LITCHHIO iipeclancea CHOTOM CBOAHTCH K TIO)KeHHI4 H camoro ynapHoro cnora, KOTOpbIll turraeTcH nO npaHnnam dju: s] (I Tin), allong TITCHHA onHocnommix CHOB. Hanpnmep, relduce [0'1Dp] (II TIM), relgard [ri'ga:d] (III Tim), prelpare [pri'peo] (IV THII). B Ta6nFine ripmeneHm OCHOBHbIe npecinixcm aHTJIMACKOTO 513bIKa. KaK pke
OTMellaHOCID, TITellHe 60.11bILIHHCTBa C.TIOB C
23
flpetimice aabsad-
Bitrt HapequonpegnoxcHbrii niaronbxbril MarOJIbHblii
Hpttmep about [a"baut], away [a'wei] abscond [ab'skDnd], abstract
['wbstrxkt] adhere [ad'hia], advise [ad'vaiz]
B14,110143MeHeH-
time (op ii atacalaganapasac-
beconBi4gommetierilime cpopmm: corcolde dis-
nepeg t nepeg c nepeg 1 nepeg g nepeg n nepe,g p nepeg s nepeg qu
1)Hapeqxonpegnommil 2) rgarogE,Hbul rnarammail nepeg r nepeg 1 rnaronbirmil rgaronbxmil
attract [a"treekt], attune [a' tju:n] accept [wk'sept], accuse [a'kju:z] allow plat], allude [al'u:d] aggrandize [a'grwndaiz], aggressive
[a' gresrv] annex [w'neks], announcement [a' naunsmant] apply [a'plai], appeal [a' pi:1] assist [a'sist], assurance [a'fuarans] acquire [a"kwaia], acquaintance [a"kwerntans] before [bilo:], because [bi' ko:z] believe [bI'li:v], betray [13f trei] confirm [km' fa:m], consist [icon' sist] corrupt [ka'rApt], correct [Ica'rekt] collect [kalekt], collide [kalaid] deserve [dfza:v], describe [di' skraib] dislike [ths'laik], display [dis'plex]
B14)10143MeHeH-
}lax cbopma:
difenexBli,goinmexellHail 4)opma: effor-
nepeg f FRaF011bH1,114 rilaraTIbHblii
nepeg f ErlarOJIbHblii
diffuse [di' fju:z] enchant [m'fa:nt], enlarge [in'la:d3] expose We spauz], excuse We skju:z] effect [I' fekt], effusion [aju:3(a)n] forbid [fa'bid], forget [fa'get]
Hpeclutice
Hpitmep
Bun
obBffgoinmenexHble 1:1)opmm: ocofop-
rffarOJIbHblii
oblige [a'blaic13], observe [013' za:v]
nepeg c nepeg f nepeg p
occur [a'ka:] offend [a" fend] oppose [a'pauz], oppress [a'pres]
per-
TYlarOJII.HbIii
perform [pa'fa:m], persist [pa' sist]
pre-
ErlaTOJIbHblii
prepare [pri' pea], pretend [pri' tend]
pro-
T.TlarOJIbHblii
produce [pra'dju:s], promote
[pra'maut] re-
rgaronbxbril
repeat [ri'pi:t], require [11' kwaia]
se-
rflarOJMHbei
select [sflekt], secure [si'kjua]
subBmgommeuexHble cl)opmbi: sucsufsup-
Tilararlbliblii
submit [sab'rnit], subside [sab'said]
nepeg c nepeg f nepeg p
succeed [sak'si:d], succumb [sa'lcAm] suffuse [saiju:z], suffice [sa'fals] support [sa'po:t], supply [sa'plai]
trans-
rilarOJIbHbei
transfer [trxns'fa:], translate
[trwn'sleit] FRaTOJII,Hblii
increase [In' kri:z], induce [in'dju:s]
im-
nepeg p, b, m
ir-
nepeg r
imprint [im'prmt], imbue [im'bju:], impair [im' pea] irradiate [1" reidi, ea], irritate ['in, telt]
inBI4,40H3MeHeH Hble
rDopmbr:
Bimmatme! B pAge CJIOB ripe4mucc BmelynaeT B yeetiermoil (.1)opme. HanpHMep, agree [o'gri:] (ad-), omit [a'mit] (ob-), elect [i'lekt] (ex-). 2.4. RTeHlie 6e3yTtapubtx
EllaCHIAX. THI1161
peaympall
B 60JIBLIII4HCTBe BHTJII4171CKIDC CJIOB, B OTJIFILIlle OT pyecKoro 513bIKB, rnacHan B 6e3ynapHom cnore tlirraeTcsi meHee OTtleTIII4B0, ocria6gemio, T. e. pegyullpyeTc.g. B AaHHOM cnyliae rosopaT o Byx Tunax penyxwm. 24
25
IlacTugHau peaylcuum 1) Byxam e, i, y B 6e3yaapHom caore HITTMOTC51 KaK ocila6aerunal 3Hyx [I], HanpHmep: pocket [' ppkit], garlic [' gadtk], sunny ['min] 2) B cy(1414xcax -ace, -ade, -age, -ate, -ive 6e3yaapHas{ raacHall qkrraeTcsi KaK [I], HaripHmep: palace [' pwlis], comrade ['komrid], village r viltd3], private [' pramt], active ['xktiv] 3) Bylaw a, o, u a 6e3yaapHom caore HPITalOTCH KaK HeilTpaJII,HbIrl 3ayx [a], HanpHmep: extra r ekstral seldom ['seldom], album ['ielbam]
fIo.rmasi peayKuusi B
mHororaacHasi B 6e3yaapHOM caore He inimensi. Tax, ecall 6e3yaapHbill caor 3axaH=n4Haercm Ha I HIM n, filaCHIA 3ByK onywrayeT, HaripHmep: cotton ['kDtn], symbol [simbl]
OcuoHa caosa
fieKOTOpMX ,L(ByCJI0)IMbIX H
CJIONGIbIX CJI0BaX
Cogemme alo6oii rnacHoid c 6yxsol3 r B 6e3y,aapHom cnore =muffCH Rai{ Hecripaamudi 3ByK [a], Hanimmep: dollar [' dola], error ['era], ruler ['rula] B HHMaHHe! B aHrukiticxom 513bIKe eCTb mHoro npumepos col-Tom:mem451 pe,ayialkm, 'coma TilaCHa51 B 6e3yAapHOM CJI0Te guracrcsi, xax H B y,aapHom. Hanpumep, photo ['foutou], costume ['kostju:m], program ['prougrf m].
2.5. ilTemie s-4)opmm KoHeimax 6yKBa -s B aHTJIHrICKHX CJI0BaX acconuupyeTcsi au6o C HOxa3aTeriem MH0)1CeCTBeHHOTO tillcaa CyllIeCTBFITerIbHOTO, TIH60 C OKOHTiaHHCM raaroaa (Present Simple, 3-e aim°, eAHHcrBeHHoe qucao). IlTeHHe OKOWlaHH51 -S B TaKIIX capiasix 3aBHCHT OT TOTO, Ha KaKOR 3ByK oxaHrumeTcsi ocHosa CROBa.
Ilimmep
IlTeHHe OKOHLIaHHH
oxawmeaens{ Ha rayxoil coniacmail 3B3.YE [f], [k], [p], [t], [0] PHA CJIOB, BHHmaHme! oxanimaaionumcsi Ha [f], BO MHO)KeCTBeHHOM -ruicne MeMHOT f Ha ye.
[s]
emu. oxaH=nmaeTC51 Ha 3BOHKIIII cornacHbIli 3ByK [b], [d], [g], [D], [1], [m], [n], [v] OcHosa cnosa mammaeTC51 Ha rnacHmii 3ByK —
[z]
OCHOBa CJI0Ba
OCHOBa
[ba:Os] [z]
[z]
QaHOCJIMICHIde CJI0Ba I, III,
IV mna LITCH1131 (BHHMaHue! Cnoaa Ha -y meHsnor -y Ha -ie); caoaa, oxaH=H4Batouwecsi Ha aurpal) (B aarpa(pax -y He meHmercR); asycao)tcHme caosa Ha 0 [all] H c 6e3yaapHmm cnoTOM, KOTOpbdi immercs{ C ilacm=moii peapaineri OCHOBa cnosa oxaniniaaeTC5I Ha umnsiumil HIM CBI4CD111.1161 3ByK [S], [Z],
[ks], [tf], [d31, [f], [0]
roofs [ru:fs], drinks [drinks], shapes [feips], prevents [pri'vents], berths
[1z]
calf — calves [ka:f] [ka:vz], half — halves [ha:fl [ha:vz], knife — knives [naif] [naivz], leaf — leaves [li:f] [li:vz], life — lives [lad] [laivz], self — selves [self] [selvz], shelf— shelves [felfl [f elvz], scarf — scarves [ska:fl [ska:vz], thief — thieves [0i:fl [Oi:vz], wife — wives [waif] [waivz], wolf— wolves [wulfl [wulvz] clubs [klAbz], depends [di'pendz], pigs [pigz], trembles [tremblz], reforms [rt' fo:mz], joins [d3oinz], observes [ab'za:vz] flies [flaiz], days [deiz], stars [sta:z], cares [keaz], views [Vill:Z], photos [' fautauz], worries ['wAriz], doctors [' dpktaz]
dresses ['dresiz], rises ['raiziz], boxes ['bDksiz], messages ['meSId3IZ], watches [' wrltz], bushes ['bufiz], breathes ['bri:Oiz]
2.6. IITemie ed-cpopmbi OKoHimime -ed B aHLTIHrICKHX CJI0BaX accolumpyercA Hu6o c noxa3aTeaem cl)opmbi npomemnero HpemeHu (Past Simple), .11H6o nputiacTusi II (Participle II). T-ITeHlIC OKOMIaH1451 -ed 3aBHCHT OT TOTO, Ha KaKOR 3ByK oxaircumaeTcsi OCHOBa rHarona.
26
27
OCHOBa CJI0Ba
liTeHHO
HpnMep
mcort ■ aHUM
cnona oKawnisaeTc5i Ha rn_yxoii cornac}HA anyK [f], [k], [p], [s], [4], Ell OCHOBa CJI0Ba oxammnaeTC51 Ha 3BOHKHA cornacHbuI anyx [b], [d],[g], [1], [m], [n], [v], [z], [0], [ 6], [d3] OCHOBa caona oicalignsama Ha 3ByKII [d] HIM [t] OCHOBa
OCHOBa cgotia oxawmaeTC5IHa rnacHbni 3ByK EiHnmaHne! Faaronm, okallinnalownecsi Ha -y c npenmecmpouteil cornacHoti, memuoT -y Ha -I
[t]
stuffed [stAft], kicked [kikt], hoped [haupt], discussed Rif skAst], watched [wutft], washed [waft]
[d]
robbed [robd], hugged [hAgd], smiled [smaild], blamed [bletmd], groaned[graund], served [sa:vd], pleased [pli:zd], judged [d3Ad3d], banged [bwiy:1], breathed [bri:6d] nodded ['nodid], avoided [o'vordid], started [' sta:tid], repeated [rt'pi:tid] tried [tratd], occurred [a'ko:d], covered [' knvad], cared [kead]
[Id] [d]
MHOTOCTIOACHMX CJIOB
MHOTOCJIMICHbIX CJIOB
Henpon3sonHort cippayphi
CaoHa, eoTtepwantHe TpH 14 6onee cnora, Ha3mHatoTest mHorocnoxcHmB aHTJIHACKOM 513bIKe Hmeturest MHOTOC110>K11bIe CJ10Ba, He BKJI1011a10awe B CBOIO orpyrrypy onpejteneHHme Cy4)CI)HKCbI H rpammaTkPleCKHe OKO1PlaH1151 OAHOCJIOXCHbIX H ,LkByCJIONCHbIX CJIOB. O6IUHMH npaBilaaM14 liTeH1451 Ana 60J11,11114HCTBa MHOTOCJI0)101bIX CJIOB ,E1aHHOTO THna SIBJ13110TC51 enenytoutHe: HpaBwrio 1. YortapHstm ABJ151eTCSI TpeTHI1 CJIOT OT KOHIla cnosa. HanpHmep, moIntilment monjumant], of filcer Dfisa], mujsilcal mjuzik(a)1]. HpaltHao 2. Bo Hcex CJI0BaX, aa IICKIII0x1e1414eM CJIOB C ynapHmm CJI0TOM III lima, y,napHaa rnacHast (KpoMe illTraeTca Ho II THrly IITCH14,1. HanpHMep, vicjtolry ['vIktari], polpullar ['popjula], olrilgin ['oudyn], fulnelral fjumar(o)1], Ho orInalment omatnant], perlsoinal ['pa:san(a)1], arltilcle a:lik(3)1]. ['
28
1
3.1.1. 14TeHHe
MHOTOCJIOACHMX
cymeCTBHTeabHbIX
cymecrHkrrenbHme ill4Ta1OTCH HO npananam, ykaaaHHbIM BbIIIIe. 0,7111aK0 MO)KHO BbI,E1e1114Tb ,Lae rpyrnim CyllleCTBHMIbHbIX, qTeHHe B KOTOpMX 3aBHCHT ewe H OT eTpytcrypht enosa: MHOTOCJIOACHbIe
mero o6pa30BaHO cyntecTollTeJIbHOe faaron c npe-
Cy44TaNcht cTpyKType cyIuecTBH-
OT
ilacTb 3. Ilpaimula 'Fromm 3.1. 11Temie
lipamino 3. AHrpa4) B ynapHom cnore turraeTcn no HBHJTM HTeH1451 AHrpatbon. HanpHmep, suiltalble [sju:tab(0)1], eullolgy ['ju:lady]. 11pasHao 4. BTopoeTeneHHoe ynapetme eTaHHTest Repe3 o,n,HH CJIOr RaeHo OT rnaHHoro ygapHoro cnora. HanpHmep, nomik(o)1], saltislfacitolry [,sf trs'ff ktari]. IlpaBHJI0 5. Be3y,aapHbIe CJIOTH penyuHpyiurcn. HanpHmep, [palink(9)1], rildilcullous [11' dikjulas]. llpasHao 6. ripHIlaglIe)KHOCTb CJI0Ba K oripeAeneHHoil =mem petit,' Tatoice BilH5leT Ha ero irreHHe, TaK KaK Kawnan tiaeTb pC1111 xapaxTepH3yeTHarmtmem oco6mx ab(1HuccoH H CIICH14(JHK011 OCHOBbl. LIT06LI HepHo Hp011eCTI, MHOTOCJI0)KHOe CJIOBO, cneAyeT onpenenwrb, K KaKOVI IlaCTH pe114 0110 OTHOCHTCA H BbIACJIHTb a4)41)14KCI3I, BJIH511011.1He Ha tiTeHHe CJI0Ba (CM. 3.1.1., 3.1.2., 3.1.3).
CIIIIKCOM
OCOGeHHOCTH
wreonm
HpUMep
B
TeJILHOTO
-al -ant -ent -ment ance ence -
-
CoxpameTcst mecTo H xagecTso ynapHoro cnora rnarona (IIpaalibi He neficTnyeT)
rehearsal
[ilha:s(a)1] accountant
[a'kaunt(a)nt] adherent
[ad' hiarant] encouragement
[In' knrid3mant] appearance
[a'ptarons] persistence
Fnaron, oxaninnialotusiicsi Ha -ate, -fy, -ise /-ize
-er -or
[pa'sist(a)ns] CoxpameTcH mecTo H generator KanecTso ynapHoro [' c13ena,reita] cnora rnarona, T.e. falser ynapeane Ha 4-M cnore ['folst,faia] oT KoHua cnona (11paorganizer BI4510 1 He AdicrayeT) [' o:ga,natza] 29
3.1.2.
qTeHlle MHOFOCJI09KHI.IX
MO)KHO BbIor(eJIHTI, Ta1011114XCA 110 OCO6bIM Cy4HIMKCIA
B
cTpyxType npuaaraTeabnoro -al -ant -ent -ive -OAS
JapHaaraTeammix
TpH rpyrinbt HpaHmam:
MHOTOCJIONUIMX
OCO6eHHOCTH `ITeHHR
cplicbmccy npenurecrBytoT ;we H 6onee comaeHblX, TO ynapeHne CTaBHTCA na 2-il cnor OT KOHLta cnosa (B OCTaAbHMX CJIrlaSIX no o6weMy npaanny) ECRH nepei cplicliniccom CTOHT cornacnax c npenmeempower! rnacnoil, TO ynapewie craanTcsi Ha 4-11 cnor OT 'conga (B OCTallbHMX cnyqaxx no o6inemy nparinny) Y,RapeHHe CTaBHTCA Ha 2-il CROT OT xwura cnosa ECJIH
-able -ible -ary
-ic
npallaraTeabHmx,
LIH-
Ilpumep
universal [ ju:ru'vo:s(a)1] important [nn'pa:t(a)nt] dependent [di'pend(a)nt] effective [1' fektiv] enormous [1' no:mos] considerable
[kart' sidarob(a)1] intelligible [in' telid3ib(a)1] temporary [' temparari]
fantastic [fwn'twstik] atmospheric [,xtma s'ferik]
3.1.3. T4TeHile MHOTOCJIMKIMIX TSIBTOJI0B HMCCT CBOIO
raaroam, trreHHe KOTOpMX 3aBHCHT OT HX cTpyxTypm cliettwinacy, MO)KHO pa3,aenurb Ha TpH rpynnM:
cTpywrype maro.aa 1). ,IllayenowHme I-Teti:luxA414)HICCIal
B
CM:
contra-/counter-/controinter-/intro-/oversuperunder2) HeCKORbK0 OglIOCROX-
OCO6eHHOCTH
Hpumep
LITeHHR
Ynapewie CTaBI4TCR Ha KOHemHbIli xopHeBoil cnor, ripe(Dun nonyqacr wropoczeneHHoe yaapeaue
Diarortm He OTHOCATCA K 1-i3 14 2-11 rpynne
contradict [, kuntra'dikt] interrupt [,Int3'mpt] overlook [,auva'luk] superintend
[, suparm' tend] undertake [, Anda'teik]
we-
HpnMep
HHR
ne penywipporcx
hesitate [' hezi, telt] justifi) [' dyisti,fai] advertise [' xdva, tam]
eTaBwrcx Ha 2-11 cnor OT KOHHa cgoaa
develop [cli'velop] remember [fl'memba] imagine [1' mxtin]
no o6atemy npasm.Ry, HO cy4xN4Kchi
YAalleHHe
3.2. OCO6eHHOCTH wreinul CJIOB C cogeTaHnem npnHaA.Tiewatmax pa3HbIM caoram
FJIBCHbIX 6yKB,
,aHrpact• (CM. xiaCTb 1, pavten 1.6) turraeTc.a Kat( QUM 3ByK — MOHOCITTOHT HnH nll4Yr0Hr H HaX0,T114TC51 B npe,aeaTax o,LtHoro cHora, TO rnacHue 6yKBbI, CTOSIHIHC psi OM, HO OTH005111114eCA K pa3HbIM cnoram, nffra10TC51 xaxEtast B OTACJIbHOCTH. TaKHe COLIeTaH1451 ErlaCHbIX BcTpeitatoTcH B ,21ByCJIONCIIMX, H -game B MHOTOCJIWKIIbIX CJI0BaX. gaHHoe 06CTOSITCJIbCTBO cflegyeT yttHTLIBaTb npll I3TeHH14 MHOFOCJIO)KHMX CJIOB. MO)KHO BbIACTIHTb ,L(Ba Tuna IlTell1451 Taxux cotteTaHHA niacHmx 6yx.H — ygapHoe 14 6e3mapHOC. PaCCMOTpHM o6a cHyt-mA, cpaHHHHast ripkme,rteHHme HH>xe B Ta6Junte OCHOBHbIe OCO6eHHOCTH LITCH1451 coileTaHmli 171aCHMX B y,aapHom H 6e3ECJIH
Ygapnoe cogeTanne raacnux Helms' rnacHax yrtapnasi: nepaasi rnacHas' gime-rex HO I THIly liTeHIDI, BTO-
pax penpwpyeTcx, Hanpumep: poi em
HbIX upecl)HKcos
['plum], represent [,repri'zent] correspond [,kuri'gond] disappoint [,disa' point]
sociiety
[sa'swati], thelatre
['Orato] 30
OCO6eHHOCTH
y,EkapHOM 110J10)1CeHH14.
MHOrOCJIONCHbIe H
B cTpyKrype maro.aa Cycliclumcm: -ate -y -ise/-ize ANHIKCbl
Rropax rnacHas yaapHasi: piapHasi rnac ax wimeTC51 no o6unim npaaanam 1, 2 ARA MHOFOCJIMICHbIX CROB (ynapwail CJIOF — Tpemii OT KOHIJA CROBB, ynapHas rnacHasi, xpome u, wimensi no I HRH III mny); 6e3ynapHax nepnag rnacHasi COIIpOTHBRAens! penyxwm, =It CTOHT B nepsom cnore, HMI penyumpyeTcx no o6unim npaminam B cepennHe cnosa, HanpaMep: reiality [ri'xlitt],
BeayttapHoe cogeTanue mamba Ha owia 143 ITIaCHbIX He CTOHT non ynapeHuem; 'ramie cc:1qmnue Bcipetmenst na CTbIKe OCHOBbI, 3axammaiouleilcx Ha rnacHp° (i(e)/u), a cyclAnucca, Haimnaloweroex c rnacHoii; ynapewie acerna nanaer Ha Tpemil cnor OT xoHua cnosa, wropasi rnacHax penywipye-rcx (ITome -o 14 -ate) i(e)/u a Russila ['rikf al -al trivilal [' trivial] -an comedilan [ka'ali:dian] -ance/-ence expedience [ik' smarms] -ant/-ent brilliiant ['briliant] -
31
Ynapnoe cowranne maciumx peculiarity [pi, kju:11'xriti], theloretical [Oia'retikal]
16e3ynapnoe cow -ramie raacirmx -ate devilate [' di:vi,eit] -o radilo ['reozhau] -on television ['teli,v13(a)n] -or senior [' si:ruo] -ous continuous [kan" tinjuas] -um vaculum ['vxkjuarn] BuumaRue! B cnosax c 6e3ynaplibIM comeTamem ETIaCHbIX 6yKB, npunannexcaunTx K pa3umm CHOram, ynapubdi c.uor II 14 HI Tuna imams' no 3TOMy Tully — milllion [' rmljan], porltion ['p3:f(a)n], QnHal(0 (fremTe ynapuoro cnora I rum IV THna
Be3ynapnoe cowTarme
Y,Erapnoe cow-ramie [mama
FJIBCHbIX
prefan], station [' stel(f)an]; 2) cc:lilt-rankle St 414TaeTCSI xax [41 Hanpumep: question suggestion [' kwestf(a)n], [sa'cl3estf(a)n]; 3) 6yKBa S me)Kay raacummu =imams' xax [3], Hanpumep: occasion [a'kei3an], decision [ch ' man]; 4) 6yxna x qumeTcn KaK [kf], Hanpumep: anxious [' xnkfas],flexion [' flekf(a)n] [1M '
3aBHCHT OT IlepBOri rfIaCH0171 B
6e3ynapuom cogeTamau: 1) eCnkl 3TO 6yKBa i, TO B y4apHOM cnore 6yKBa i (y) gumeTcx no II mny, Hanpumep: idiom ['idiom], myriad [' minad], ocTaamme rnacTime quTatoTcn no I 141114 no IV mny, Ranpumep: radio ['replan], serious ['Harms]; 2) ecru,' 3TO 6yKBa 11, TO B ynapuom cnore ace rnacume, 'Tome camoil u, 1114TaIOTC51 no II mny, Hanpumep: gradual ['grwdjual], genuine ['d3enjuln], ritual [' ritjual], 6yKBa u %mem{ no I Tuny, Hanpumep: usually ['ju:3-uali]. 3anominne! B cnosax C 6e3ynapubim comeTamem Tuna -i + cyNnucc: 1) 6yKBBI C, S, t nepenauyr HIMmmHg 3ByK, Hanpumep: of ficial [a'fif(a)1], impression 32
3.3. qTame
IIp0H3BOAHbIX MHOTOCJI0)KIIMX CJIOB
o6p13onarna OT nyTem npu6aunennu nr46o npeclmx0,11110CJIWKHbIX H ,13(ByCIIMICHEIX CJIOB OKOMIBHHA. COB, onpenenemma cyclninuccou, nu6o rpammaTutiecxux IlepBbIM H OCHOBHbIM InarOM B npoi3rem4u II0,1106HbIX CJIOB 51B.TI5leTC51 BbIAenelme ero OCHOBbI, xoTopam nnTaeTcn no o61unm npanruram 11TeHH51 HOCJI0>KHMX H nByCJIONCHbIX CJIOB. 3anomm4Te! MHOTOCROXIMIC Hp0I43BOXIHbIe cnona coxpansnoT mecTo ynapeinui H THII ygapnoro cnora OCHOBLI. Hanpnmep, happiness ['hf pinis], irregular [i'regjula], hopefully [' houpf(a)11]. Ilperlmncem, xarc npannuo, nonynaroT eamocTosrrenbnoe yLapeHHe; Cy4XIMIKCIA H rpammaTrrnecxne OKOHLIBHHA CTOSIT B 6e3y,gapHbIX cnorax H TIHTBIOTCA II0 npankuram pe,aynnponarnur TJIBCHIAX. Hrnice nprinararoTcsi Ta6nHubI 0CHOBHMX npecinuccou H cyclxinmeon.
gammiti
THII ()Milligan' TO, IITO MHOTOCJI0XlibIe CJIOBB
CJI0B0113MeHliTeabHble Cy4)(1)11KCIA
gam. peirn
Fpamma-
11130113B0a-
TIPleCICOe
HOM CJ10Ba
oxonwmte -(e)s
CyalecTmTeJlbH0e
(rpammaTryiecKne orconmannst)
'1TeHne
Illprimep
1) 141 cnor ynap-
sentences [' sentansiz]
libIri
2) 244 cnor ynap-
positions [pa'zif(a)nz]
Hb114.
33
qacil. pent
Tpamma-
illp0113B0,11HOF°
qTeHHe
11pnmep
CTBHe B pyCCIKOM H3bliCe)
OKOHNIaHHe
Emma
-ing -(e)s -(e)d
1) 1-i3 cnor mapHbI11
2) 2-ii cnor mapHbill HprinaraTenbHoe, HapegHe
-er -est
1) 1-ii cnor mapHMi1 2) 2-14 cnor yapHblci
opening [' auparno], punishes [' pAnif as], managed [' mwriptd] oppressing [a'presm], escapes [1' skeips], surprised [sa'praizd] luckier r lAlual luckiest
anteanti-
asTo-, camo-
itrame
Hpumep
[el]
bi-
,gByx-
byco-
6HosTopocTeneillisiii smecTe (c-, co-)
[a], 6e3ynapHbici [xnti]
antecedent
[wnti]
antisocial
[3:ta]
autograph
[, mnti'sauf
al]
[bi], 6e3mapribii4
beside [bi'said]
[bai]
biped [' balpaci] biology [bai'Dlad31] bypass [' baipa:s] coexist Lkaulg' ZISti
[bai] [kau], nepen
contra-
npoTHsonocTasneHabdi
de-
pamenittinioumil (pa3-, pac-) pa3-
[di], 6e3mapHM [M], nepen f
dif-
npenOTpHHaTenbHblil
owiruaTenbHmil
[In' deind3a]
[iks], 6e3ynapfibiii [ekstra]/ [ikstra]
express [ik'spres] extramarital
[, ekstra'mxrital],
interintraintroir-
[karn'pwfan] contradict [,kDntra" clikt] decode [di'kaud] depict [di'pikt] diffuse [dx'fju:z]
nepen 1 [nu], nepen b,m,p [In,
[,ima'tjua]
OTIMHaTenbHbicl
Di
mexcny-, cpenkimyrpx-
[in] [Into] [Intro]
inform [in' form] interact [Intar' xkt] intravenous
a-
[Intro]
introvert
oTpkinaTenbHsnI
[Dr], nepen r
irregular [1' regjula] irradiate
[mis] [multi]
misunderstand [, misAnda'stxnd] multiform
[non]
nonsense
[auva] [paust] [pri]
overdo [,auva' du postwar [paust' wo:] predict [pri'dikt]
[pro]
produce [pra'dju:s]
[i'nju:marab(a)1]
[,intra'vi:nas] [' intra,va:t] [i'reidi,eit]
mis-
oTpimaTensHmil, onwi6omxbirt
multicolleague [' kpli:g] compassion
[fa] [fo:]
forgive [fa'grv] foretaste [' fo:teist] illiterate [I'litarat] immature impact [' impwkt] innumerable
[,wnti'si:d(a)nt]
[kol], nepen 1 [kam], nepen b, m, p [kDntra]
COM-
34
'Diem (c-, co-) smecre (c-, co-)
for foreilim-
in-
TJIBCHbIMH
col-
Hblri
extraordinary
amoral [ei'mpral] abroad [o'bro:d]
ro:ta,gra:f] be-
BHe-, csepx-
disagree [, chsa'gri] dissolve [di" zn1v] endanger
[Ik'stro:dinari]
pycacom
(aFITH-, HpOTHBO-)
auto-
ex-
IlpHmep
[dis] [di] [in], 6e3map-
[a'kju:tast]
3Hallefilie (COOTBeT-
oTpiiHaTenbHmil (6e3-, He-) K-, B-, HaripenmecTsporimil (no-) oTpHuaTenbasig
en-
oTpHuaTenbHmii (pa3-, pac-) o6pa3yeT rnaron OT cymecTsirrenbHOTO HRH nplinararenbHoro
acuter [a"kju:ta], acutest
H3bIKe)
a-
dis-
extra-
['lAkiast]
llpetpinccm CTBHe B
LITellne
3HatleHHe (COOTBeT-
TwiecKoe
caosa
IlpetIHIKC
IlpeitiWC
MHOF0-
[' inAlti,f3:m]
nonoverpostprepro-
oTpruraTensHmil (6ec-)
[' nonsans] crsepxnpomeniumil (Hoene) npenuiecTspoumil (nepen) CJIHMKOM,
:]
35
HpedllINC
31-11a 1leHtle (COOTBBTCTBI4B B
1-reinte
Ilpomep
1
Cyt1)
pycocom
subsupsuperununder-
ary
-
non-
[ri], 6e3ynaplimit [sAb]
noncsepx-
[sap] [su:pa]
flowrop AeliCTB1451
OTIDTIltaTeMbHblii
(He-,
6e3-) non-, mute, neno-
uni-
enimmil, 06nuiri
upwith-
',twine, noepx npoTint-, na3an
[An] [Ando] [ju:ni]
[Ap] [win], 6e3ynap-
replace [ri'pleis] subdivide [' sAbdi,vaid] suppose [so' pauz] superstar [' su:pa ,sta:] unpleasant [An'plezont] underline ["Ando'lain] universal [ ju:ni'vo:sol] uplift [, IT' lift] withdraw [w16' dro:]
3oageooe
itroune
a6cTpaianoe
ate -der
-
npouecc a6cTpaxmoe
al -an
npouecc nannotianb-
CyllleCTBHTBAbH1,1X
boredom [" bo:dam]
-ee en
Aesrrenb
[i:], ynaptibM [an]
employee [, emplaf i:] citizen [" sittz(a)n]
[a] [ant]
worker [" wa:ka] bravery [' brew art]
[i:z]
Japanese [,c13xpa
npinian
-
-er -ery
36
rli:Z]
›KeHCKI411
[Is]
actress ['eektris]
pon npenmeT a6c-rpaiatioe
[I] [hud]
honey [' limn] brotherhood ['brnoa ,hud]
[an]
Russian [' r Af (a)n]
[is] [tics] [iu] [izm]
service [' sa:vis] economics [, i:ka'nnnuks] swimming r swami)] capitalism [' kwinta ,hz(a)m]
[ist]
specialist [' spefaltst]
[Ili]
dignity [' dignitt]
[mant]
agreement [a' gri:mant]
[nis]
happiness [" heepnus]
[asi]
literacy [' Ittarast]
[eid], ynaptibill [it]
parade [pa'reid] courage ['IcArtc13]
-ian
[al] [an]
carnival ['ka:nival] American [o' menkan]
110115ITHe
naunotianbHOCTb/
ice ics ing -ism
-
-
-
npocbeccum npouecc itayica npouecc a6c-rpaxmoe 110HATIle
-1St
[ans]
occurrence [a'kmans]
[ansi]
frequency [' fri:kwanst]
[ant]
assistant [a'sistant]
npintanJIMHOCTb K
-ity -ment
JIMHOCTb K
-ar
tiamionanbHOCTb
110HATkie
rpynne npenmeT
rpynne nesnenb a6c-rpaiatioe
-ess
1101151THe
ripmtan-
-
JIMHOCTb K
HOCTb K
a6c-rpaimioe
opynne ,neil-
[dam]
-ey -hood
flaXile)K-
-ance/ence -ancy/ency -ant/-ent
advocate [" xdvakot] ladder ["1X,C1@]
a6c-rpax-rnoe rIoH5iTMe
liplINIBp
HOCTb/lIpH-
rpynne a6cTpaKTHOe
[at] [do]
CTBI451
HOHATHe -
secretary [" sekrit(a)rt] dictionary ['clikfan(o)ri]
-dom
11011SITHe
-ade -age
[ri]
HOHATHe
(PHICC
-acy
-
Ilpmmep
rpynne, npenmeT
-ese Cy4minucco HMCH
nplitian
Jle)KHOCTb K
HbIH
Cycp-
1-1Teorie
3Hametine
(We
.5131.1KB)
re-
-
rpynne a6cTpaKTHoe noturrne a6cTpaKTHoe 110HATHC
-ness [a]
sugar ['fuga]
a6c-maxmoe 110IBITHe
37
Cy4)-
3Ha9enue
❑ immep
qTelme
CyOnKcia Hmeti npilaaraTeamtux
(I)HKC -OT
-ship
,LIe5ITeJII.
[@]
a6cIpaiaBoe
[Sip]
actor ["xkta] friendship [' frendfip]
TIOHATHe
-sion
a6cTpaxmoe
[3n]/[fn]
II0115ITHe
-tion
a6cwaxmoe
[" IT1If(a)n]
[fn]
election [1' lekf (a)n]
a6cwaxmoe
[tju:d]
gratitude ['grxti,tju:d]
[ti]
duty [' dj11:t1]
[a]
pleasure [" ple3a]
[1]
family [" fXMIll]
1101151114e
-ty
a6c.rpaxmoe UM:1TM
-ure
a6c-rpax-rnoe
-y
a6cipaxmoe
IIOIDITHe II0HATHe
3Ha9einte
Ilpnmep
4Tellne
1
-able
noAxoximuii xrisi gero-im60
[obi]
washable ['WDfab(a)l]
-al -ant/-ent -ar -ary -ate -ful -ible
CBOACTBO
[al] [ant] [a] [art] [at] [ful] [ibl]
brutal ['bru:t(a)1] elegant [' elig ant] popular ['pDpjula] literary ['litarari] accurate ["xkjurat] useful [' ju:sful] possible [' pDsib(a)1] fantastic [fxn' twstilc] critical [ kritik(a)1] serious [' sionas] blackish ["blxlcif]
vision ['vi3(a)n], mission
HOHATIle
-tude
Cy 4II MCC
cBoncrso CBOHCTBO CBOHCTBO CBOHCTBO CBOHCTBO
no,rixowlaudi XIII gero-nn6o
-iC
CBOHCTBO
[ik]
-ical
CBOHCTBO
-iOUS
CBOHCTBO
-ish
ociia6nennoe CBOHCTBO
[ikal] [as] [if]
-ive -ly -ous -some -y
CBOHCTBO
[iv]
CBOHCTBO
[I]
CBOHCTBO
[as]
CBOHCTBO
[S01111]
csoilc-rso
[1]
conservative [kan' sa:va till] manly [' mxnli] fabulous [' fxbjulas] handsome [' hxnsam] nasty [' ncrsti]
Cpto4uccb1 raaroaoB
38
Cycloc¢mcc
q-reime
-ate
[ei]
-en -fy -er -ish -ize/-ise
[an] [fat] [a]
-ye -y
[v] [1]
[if]
Ilimmep dominate [' dmni,neit] weaken [. wi:kan] justify [' dyistifai] slither [' sli6a] publish ['pAblif] [aiz] advertize ['xdva, tatz] prove [pru:v] bury ['ben]
39
nPABMAA LITEHIN AH111MACKMX C.110B ilEHVIBbIX U,enb noco6vin — o3HaKomneHvie c npaemflaMVITeHvol Orl,H0010>KHblX, ABy010>KHbIX 1/1 MH01-0010>KHbIX 010B aH1111/11/1CK01-0 A3b1Ka,
ronbideViLuem nomoxer ebipa6oTarb 3aKpenwrb HaBbIK 6b1CT001-0 1-10aB1/1.11bH01-0 H-reHvq 010B RaHHbIX [pyrin npvi MV1HV1MaJlb HOM 1/1010J1b30BaHV1V1 TpaHcKpAnumv. Marepvan B noco6mu vanoxeH B evge Ta6rmu, Vl MOQeneA. 3T0 nomoxeT Bam crierKOCTbK) yCB01/1Tb npaevina 4TeH1/15:1 aHli1V1171HTO B Vl
CKVIX CJ10B. ATIA
ecex vhrrepecylommxcq
q3bIKOM.
aH111V1121CKV1M
