medwedi.ru
medwedi.ru
Esemdeg'bilOoC 'ouAegue3 'e:ed;1 eucol4 'olr>og'uoUuoy 'Hrrdeg 'o:e>n;-.' <silhHoccerHils)) osrcquoreueil
slooq acuesselugnb a - -
\
I-IIilI
\-l:7
'413 earrOl ervrOl BAol {1rsreruuq
lo 'scc 'auuoEelr.f Nbquilg st/\| 'roqry uuy ueOrqcryl y1 Alstanrupl uebrqcr
sy\
;o 'scc '-nrBy 'd Hohdg
'elpeos uolOurqselq uo10u1qse6 Alrsrenru6l
1o '3sg 'cll^ 'HorrHvtrdog u-Lmrrqr
scuscJ :rsdorey
onHouosg
tAtAJO[rOrErAOrC s r,nned:OrHl4oorco
gZL
dlfqA 9tI. uo76urty7to7y1 'g 60I Ooozzey peqrrry g8
6ueT 'V aatrrg
6upT 'A uagg Irnrrv'a Iapqclw
t9
uo76urqgo714dlAtU
9L
L9
doozzey 'E laetplry pnstv'v ppqrtw
6€, 6oozzey 'E laeqrlry epreq' '[ alraw 8Z
v7,
epreel' T:a[raw
aHHahorYxsg' une?z(an H YvIlelerr>YovJo LL uufieurevrrr rH evJorr soJ.Helrfreu eune?orvgeH
0t
uufiel,nevunra I,IoHqveJHe?udu ueJe araucar'a?euol.dg gOTBTHEVUI IH
exsoHer.cf udu exlrJxeJ n€xcehr.rJdfdurz rraHehav euHesodHHevr H puuJf,onrcufil
so.LerHevurlrnxlqso.r,odaHsaHnaHeruudll
L g
soreJ,Hevurlruxlqso.r.odnd.r.dHseHHeHenrudg g ele;.nevul IH PxuHexewoHg b BreJHeYrrIrH qJcoHxdeaoll
€,
I IO.LEJH?VUIAIH
euaovou?ed11
I
enHe?aag
uo7.6urqgo1y1 dfpqa
9
ra orcrlJo]r ftlx<enr qe'Bsc H qeH€uJ sufrueed'qJoorlrr4loerrsoJ BeucehuJovoug
prorypls ryIPIJ
9L
Z t
oilHexdauoc
medwedi.ru '(>lrelxau ;gJg r.{ uolEuq?Jola 4or4lrxeved Vou) ..r{r{JoIroJI{€IfIrhII44ioH -qrerHaV IqVorahr ar,rlrf,ahr4JddduxarsuFleso€IJf,Hamdeaoc6,, r4 u qJeZ '1.reweugJg r4eralrxeVedVoil) ,,IqJeJ (uossl{eJqlv -r{erfur^rr4 eu r3odouo c reearod11,,:wer€r4daJer{ r{fiIfioldvarc n rcsruredgo rdrow lrrrareruh Iewangodu rlrnar'dell oroxogdrr aavog vvfi 'uultedrersIaoaJJo r,rr,{eroduog ItJqJeNI4Het rol -€Hr4h€rrarsdorou'goJoroJ€I,rrorc xulnordxnrxedu BrV ox{xeJ raweVorawrawrquuoultuVedr €'BI.,IHehaIroJoxcahl,IJolfoJ€htoJJ c Bcxnlfiltltox€He'goJolrorel,{orc-solHaYtl,tc :s;vYeHaheH€elr -Vadu €Jr4rry '€xoauorr ausVarcou ee lr]IJolrorehlorJ s gnHa)K -urcoV xrsHqrarplheHe xlql^rcc tla oHVo oJ€ oJh 'war c B)rrrl -erJoo sorJr4r€r4lrarrcoaJcHllmqlrog os 'nndotareu 4ouVo o9 -r4rr-rlroxeuou sresodurrrl+ucreuu onYddr urarredrerul4oeJJo al,rHaheHt 'Irr4Jorrorel^torc r4 IsHllnlavow xtsJcelfgo xecs orr Bl4HegoeqrouJl4I4hrnJcoHu(ohrgorr uwnxodum c alaHorsr eov -cohr,rJorror4gaoHsreJuanreVH{Q oJe - ruledramraoeJco 'tsvr\r -edrenrraoerco velr BrlHerslt oJo]reJ orltrrsdvro tsdeVoJerg I4I{JoIfoJ€hroJJI,Io}IJohrIH}IIf}Ig rttrmotl4odu alsdorou'BlrH -eHaI^ItI,IqJtrHou amndr giumoleJoruott 'unugand e 'ogtcVog -olrdd aoxcar'vrx?du as or€'alrprJlredn 4oucehr{JorroJehroJc 4ouuawadaoc s r^rorcehrae Ir nraledrarur4oorco urneunlturadu I4hUqHSOHf,O C IUfaJeJUh
lIII,IhlOlIsHtOrI
- r,rJr4HX 4Ore
Srafl
ot4sorfcNuedl
Bee.qeHne Philip Worthingrton
florepa ay6oe B pe3yJrbrare aa6oleaankrfl. r4Jrlr rpaBMhr BcerAa 6n"na neorteu,rrenrofi qacrbro qeJloBeqecKofo cyuecrBOBaHI/[{,ITOsTOMySy6nOe [poTe3r,rpoBaHr4er4MeeTAaBHAIO r4cropnm. Haxo4i
rro-
TIbITKI43aMeIIIarb yrparrennbre sy6u r4cryccrBenHbrMrl, rrpr4Kperrns"s [ocneAnr,re K coxpauprBrrrr,rMcsay6aru c rroMorrlbro MeraJrJrr4qecxofi nponoJroKlr. flpn sauerqennu ay6oB cyr{ecrBeHHbrMlr .rrB.rrsrorcsABa Qaxropa: Marepr4an An.fl lr3roroBJreHr4ssy6uoro npor$a 14 MexaHr43Mero Qnxcaqvn. B reqeHrre MHorIax BeKoB B rrol4cKax pelrreHnfl. otwx npo6.neu 6uao npoaBJreHo MHoro uso6peraTeJrbHocrvlv MacrepcrBa. nr's r{3foroB"rreHtrgucryccrBeHHbIx sy6or llcrroJrb3oBalrltcbpa3rr,rrrHbreMarepr4aJrbl,Hanpl4Mep, c,{oHoBa-fl Kocrb u 6ur.npr. I4uorAa ecrecrBenHbre ay6rt, yAaJrennbre y 6e4uux naupreHToB, fip]rMeH.rrrrkrLJrs. 3aMelrreHr4.rr yrpaqenubrx ay6on y 6orarlrx rnoAeft. flosxe sy6nrre [poresbr craJrlr r4sroraBJrr,rBarb rrpe]rMyrrlecrBeHnor43 ?r uracrMaccbr. Qap$opa 9ro xacaercs MexaHr,rsirraQuxcaultw, To cnequaJrrdcrbr anaJror [ep]roAoHTaJrbnbrx cB.rrgor. flpono4raAonro vlclrcanru Jrucb pa3Jrr,rrrHbre6espeey"nrrarHbre rrorrbrrKrr paapa6orarn coeALIHUTeJIbHOTKaHIIOe KpeIIJreHI,re,r4Mr{Tr,rpypqee [eprroAoHraJrbHyro cB"trsry. floc"rreAngg [peAcraBJr.{er co6ofi oco6yn crpyxrypy,- Koropa.fl He rorrbKo eQ$exrzerio Qr*ccupy-
Wcr'opunpa3Brrilfl HMNflAHTATOB
medwedi.ru
-oH oJoJe ar4HaheH€ .wIsH IrnHoII adaw raonrou s lJeuJeugJg -xohrgoseH qcoreJl4hc eeged oJn ,ounodrr xBJ eHexr ordH -mou olf,sux{ s ereJoeds rznxddrcsox re)rJehr4rrreJatrAJ 'hrorrrfeJewc lrHexJ r4oHJcoxsersc ordu -t'odu wr4tloresuharrJego' wovolaw rruuxcarrrardddzx lturnrveln gJCOlr s qcerl{Vogs u eHeJur sr4 s]evesrrrrseJoJgH edertex oJh 'oJ orrrqg werarrqdnro wrqHserJ oH .r{wrqH {JerrraugJ€J -and nwurddV u scr4vesorqrouor4 rru]e.ayc)..vge]F uvy rqdarrrex ersHgoVolf 'aaued r4 HeJJaser4rrsg troJar,{ JoJ€ .r{He}rJ Hros -I4X S OnnasrcVadcorreHnr{I{eHor^rtl4alqHhoJarru u rrgerned -gooaodx rsccafiodu sJevorrgeH u r4]F{e[rr,rorJ q[.rxHor eadeh JasJ qJexo,,(troduernrorrcou edewex neunonneadacao er6 'oJoHJOSI/tlK OrOnrrquovou qJJolI S SCOrBdvaHgwal,,(u I^Iux -canurdddnx aodorox'c.{udox gr4ncehr4rlrreJer{ s r^rlsHHerflar{ -or 'r\trosJJ4odrc,{r^rr4xoehr4Jlro .(Notr J reJoged >lreuraueJg -oxcodxuw Vou runendeu ora , ,uno, r4osr4x{ rrom oJoy :HoJ BnHesodndelladu; nuuoueod]rr4hr r4oHqrreJr.{s orslfior^rou r ued BrrHorgr4)r{€e rqccanodu r{ r4}rexJ s ruafirur{x KoFrJrov -dunodxulr Iswergodu uentam Ho 'tr{oJolroJehroJJ aH oH ,hroJ -aauedar-woneds rrsg 'HW€JOrrro}r oJa r4 {Jer[ {JeureugJg -augrg tezrEul-re6 nrgdoceaQodu .rr x_0g_0s s r4r4lrosm B n?r4emguvoaodu'rsroged raoHsrenraltndeurxe etrox g rrsdx -ro onraer.dv) vwg uulreexue gocoilc 4reuaurendeJqrv 'orfrHexr Foaolrgdd gouneaodulruadaesuV orehr n3Jeltrgr qHexJ reI{qIlAJIaHUvaOCBCrems€sosedgo Ir)r8Bgcl4oHqrfeJr{ovoudarJo or4hl/trJoa '}r .J ,nrlaeaunedtd ,yctevdramced 14 BcJe?srqremced oHlrerlaJJolr IrHelrJ I,IoH tr1 -eodgraQ uorc uneddreH r^rausrc4av vou aeendrc asJJHVm -qrog g 'uunxudQ ao qJnHro[rqs 14 dxersc ordusyerHor -oudau sresodr4rl4r{n rilgoJh ,Lltzlteer4Herdo . otsHeuaJc ?roH -hoJerJoY Jaevergo aH ltBHvarcou oxeuVo 'I4HeXJ r4OHqIfoJ -unuVaoc xus rfdyos nor4elrtordeedgo r.,rmono[ udu urcox s rcsrnuadxee r,,(rohr oHqraJrlaJl3a( (VI) rqJeJr{eruwtr4 ' oHrrohrroaaHqH€Hr orduuesodl4erar -el4nex3 dJ,e sruHawes ')I "J 'I,IlalrqHmeucrteag ilcureeexo 14)I -trrrc r4oHqrenroVoz dau 14 oHHeaJccr(xcuI4xcr4olf .aogde lrJroH -)Kl4svoII otr{xcanrarovoueu| qJesr.Ihallrogo H ]rHexJ r40HJ30)r .{uqrodrcadeusresodur,{rad raxow eno ,oJoJ awody .arcsdn wouerdo u hrodoreeurdorue r.uxdrc I4 oH ,uJoox a g.,te ra
6
e14Heuesg
Ocreornrerpauhg B croMaroflorytul
Boro MexaHr43Ma+r4KcauI4I4 He roJIbKO Ans sy6HbIX tr4, uo tt s o6uefi MeALIuuHe 14 An.s oprotre4r4r{ecKlrx KoHcrpyKllnfi Ha3BaJr efo ocreol{HTerpauuefi, I43yrIeHI,IIoKoropofi oH rloCB.ATUIIMHOTUEIONbI. [.irx o6ecnerreHrlg [poarHoro BHeApeHn.fl TI4TaHa B )KI4ByIo Kocrb Heo6xo!,uubl onpeAeJIeHHbIe ycJIoBI{.s. floeepxnocrn He co4epncarb crepl4nbHo qnctofi, Tr{raHa AoJrx(Ha 6lnl npulrecefi r.r 6rrrr xl4Murrecru uHeprHofi. Kocrnoe Jlox{e I4Mc 6o"muroft ocropoxHocrblo rrJ'raHrara cneAyer $oplrupoeart 14 c MvrHuMa,TbHbrMTpaBMItpoBaHIreM ircl'IBbIX rxauefi. Oqenn uexBilr(Ha MaKcr4Manbnas KoHrpysnTnocrb (corlaconanue) ny 14 I{ KocrHbIM JIoxeM, a ramre rleprroA cnoxofiHoro gaxr{BJreHr,r"sAn.s pefeHeparll4ll KocTlI I4 ee BHeApeH[g B OKIICHrrfi c"nofi noBepxHocrv 14. Ec"ru ece Bblure[epeaucJleHHble ycnoFus. co6rnAeunl, To B 6OnnruuncrBe cnyqaeB npollcxoAr{T ycneluHa.g ocTeol4HTerpaul4.s3Tofo yHI4KaJIbHOTOMeTaJIJ 74.
9ro r
OCTE
flo Br2inemark iunorne ueo6perare"IlbHble c[eIII4aJII4crbI pa6o"tanv c pa3nr.rr{HbrwtVI, [peAHa3HarreHHbIMI4 An.s ofiopbl sy6unrx [pore3oB. I4cnonraonaJrrrcb I4 s srr1e KapxacoB, qeJllocrv no4 clrl4' SuxcraponaBllruec.fl HenocpeAcrBeHHoHa zt'tctoft o6o"noqrotl 14HaAnocrHuuefi; KoHcrpyKIrI4I{, KoHraKTl{pyrcrtlfie c Kocrblo roJIbKo n o6,racrra Hl{il(Herre"[mcrHoro culrSzaa v BerBLrr{erlocr[, Ilx ocraJlbHa.sqacrb HaxoAl4nacb lg'ar, cJru3r4crofi o6o-rrovxotZ;a raKxe 6o"nluroe Koi'Il4r{ecrBo pa:noo6pa3HbrxBHyrpI{KocrHbIxycrpoficre pa3nI4qHbIX Sopt 14pa3Mepon. Heroropble I43 HIrx Mor"III4ycrrelxHo QyuxquoHI4pOBaTbB TelIeHI4eMHOfr{XJIeT, [OAAep)KI{BasHaAexAy Ha 4a,rrHefiruee ycne[Inoe pa3Br'ITI,IeI4MrIJIaHToJrorulr.fipyrne AoBoJrbHo6lrcrpo yrpar{IdBanllcb, rlogroMy nporHo3l'IpoBaHr{e pe3yJrbraroB npI{MeHeHI'I.s[epBbIX 14 6r;ttto HeBo3MontHbIM.
cocrol4r B ToM, 'Iro oH o6parr.rn BHI4MaHI4erta neo6xoAl{Mocrb noHI4MaHLI.g6vtor'oruu u ecTecTBeHHbIXAn.'I OpfaHH3Ma IIpOUeCCOB3ar4crroJlb3oBaHIr.g )]{'tlBrIelHI'4Arlpr{ BHeApeHI4r'IB ero KOCTHyIOTKaHb I4HOpoAHoro MeraJr,rrr4r{ecKofoMarepl4ana. Io4roroeJleHHoe Ang W no3uaqenr.re pa6oru
Briinemark
[OBpexcneHpaccMaTpl4Baerc"fl KaK paHa c MI4HI4MaJTbHO rI'ITaHa, B ceoficrea raruI(e oco6lre HbrMr4TKaH.SMI4.BaxHnt
xe
Br.qr
HMNT
medwedi.ru ' rulxddrcuox 4toxcehl4J -oroQdolnrI4 'rqHorgoJoreu orodoJou su 'dreudarew 'ollauex 'VI tsJ -onouced xr4 orr rsueaodtannQraccerx lrisg rdroru 14 -rorrraVeedVou arqdorox er{ 'rsrru.{tdr erqHsoHJou orulrexaS -v)Jevlr qJelre rqH]Krof rqrrreVdrc oueuVg 'ardfx woHVoBs hrameH g ecg xu qresr4tro r4JJoII)KoN€os Jo€v aH I4 sov -ua antedgooJouhr rwada oannoJJeH s aoHuargerctredll
' nawoueQ Kr4)rcahr.rJorolrgJoJ€ sJBHou amndr hreg Jnroseorr rqserJ ar4lfior,{trarf,olf 'groJoorr -haHox xrquHasJcofxcu lrufiecxuQ u gosercdc xrqHsrog eH -awee ladu 'nurdddux uogenur-oHJcorrrahs I4 oH 'aogde znu -esodr4sarodu ndu oNqIroJ an rcrartgqrorJcr4ruEedrarsuoer -3O 'Il4l{orsl4x{eg goccanodu ar4I{ehtLIHoII aoHroil 14 so[I4n -HIadu xnxJahr4JorroragaranaVoru goc nr Jolnrsr ilnIIe dJaJIrI4oaJ -Jo trroumeucd goaoucg'nulrxddrcsoxedude runersoJoJer4 u edogtsa oroHsr[aed[ ro 'esJoqraJemahrs oroycannrddd -I4x oJolrhodudeag'ItzHeher nunesodl4uerlr oJoHqrraJellJ Jo rv)vael nIaltedrergrloeJJo xouf,f oH 'tsI4HaHrrroloJoxnJs arls eHeeexoV uuledrauuroarlo qJJou)Kohr€og'o{sHexJ grosr4u{ J eJHshrArfe(oJoxJeh[IrlreJar^[) oJosI,DKaHaunalnedc ealfloleh -eHgo'errHalrsr eolcahl,rJorrotrgoJe - nuhedrerHr4oaJJo
8orel.He[rut/\l14 xqHg^e tquhg
abnhedrel-Hnoorco oo)eJ-orh
'sHadox gtrqHhrqgoer{ hreh 'eg.{e
-ar aoHVodoHI4 xe)I H€Jr4J raeninnraducos eH qJ?ou e)Korr rrlr -aorotVou uonnrar?wgedr,e raoHsrsreltrJ apluahaucago u Uvtg -orcf xlsr.^rrlVoxgoaHxecs nnuaVcr;vgoc ndl'qJJor^rr4Jcohraoc tsellcehlrJorror4g t4 nueoddoy y qJoosl,Ihlrorcrt ora 'r4JcoHJ3eh
euHaUesg
10
Ocreonnrerpaqnq B croMaronorhil
Puc. 1. Cy6neprrrocransHsre14 npe.qcraBnepr co6oil uHAvtBJ4AyanbHooTn[THe KapKacbt,onhpalou44eceHa HuxHeqerpcrHyto KOCTb.
Puc. 2 qenloc'
TpaHc(
Pacno.noxeHrre LI B sanucuirrocrr4 or pacnorolrcesus M Moryr 6tmr cy6nepI4OCTanb HbIMI{, Tp aHCOCCaJIbHbIMV WIV SHAOCCaJIbHTTIMI4.
Cg 6 nepuo cnlarbHbrc ( no)na}xo cmuuttuate) I,I Cocro.gr r43KapKaca, xoroprrft onrrpaerc.fl Ha [oBepxuocrb xocruofi rKagr4 r4 He ocreor4Hrerpr{pyerc.s(puc. 1). Ero Mo)I(Ho I4crroJrrb3oBaTb KaK Ha Bepxnefi, rar n na nraxnefi qeJrrocr.rrx, no s 6ort[rr4HcrBe cnyqaeB cy6nepuocraJlbHble 14 npaueH.sror Ha srxuefi qeJrrocrr4.Cy6nepuocra"nlunre I4 o6rr.ruo AByxcroponHrre, Ho Moryr 6rrrn u oAnocropouHr4rrlu. Kapxac IzI naxo4r,rrcs noA cnpreucroir o6oro.{Kolt n Hanxocrnnqefi, a urru$rbr rrpoxoA.trTB rroJrocrb pra rrepe3 crn3l4crylo o6oaouxy r4 cJrylcar onopofi cbeMHoro rrpor$a. Cpox clyx6rr cy6nepr{ocraJrbHbrx IzI orpaurrrrBaercs MaKc[MyM 10 roaauu. flpo6"rreubr, BosH?rKaroilInerrpu ncrroJrb3oBaHr4r4 rrpore3oB c ouopofi Ha aror nng W, - aro unQuqu-
medwedi.ru -qlfoJ ItoJornHohtllduu 'edeuol4ll€rl xnuaorcd I ounrego ,lrr -)erlgo goHnoVodogVoua rarquuayesenodu,eadeed eadar, 4e -I4taJf,aHeHalrrgo Vou ncroresNraenercd tr4 arsHqreccocned; 'esSIrIIJ OJOJOITO8 UrU oJoaoHeJHI sz aurrtdV ,tsuv]treJjt4s tI4 JoresuraeJoJrr4 aredoroxall 'eearod[ [r4[€Jur4Q rrV 14 'erd qroororr g aaH qrosxc rrVoxodu rexdrc rz aVJ azrddV 'qJcornah s ncrorrdvaua aorQuJm xrrJ€ ttr wHUO .17 .cudy r.IlIHt4JJeru r4oJ€ rr4 xralnoleu.,(rcrsa ,aorSr4lm rt ,eezQruur l.z.rJevgo a r4Jcorreh Her{)Kr4Horedy frruanx}rH )r IJoITIB)I{ar -Iadu' la]rurlJcerf lr elarellroJJoc' ?9oxc yeuduv [guVnewcnedr B)rerrrav tr4 xr4)reJHowdoQ zonnanedrcodnced aarogr4eH tr4 atsHcrroccocuodl 'ilrcosVddr qJea€rssJax -orNI4 xr4J€ auHarreV6 'urcox ualnexarVox Br,ruoVx{edsouu Br4rreruu€rrurerceds arersr.,{ead g I{ alrHe)Kengo,euueaod
'n xtqHcLreccocHedl xrqHhuur4reu HuUo - rrcolrah 'z 'ct 4OHXI4He)Hh-Lceuuere d
or[srcor -l4uo'tqc -ttat IJHV t4 ereHc
LI
eIHefasg
12
ocreoranrerpaqLlflBcroMarororilh
Kosc
Ko Ha Hr4xHerZqerrocrr4. Hau6onee .racrofi [po6reMoft npu rcro.rrb3oBaHr4r4rpancoccaJrbHbrx 14 snnserca y6lrnr rocrHofi rxanra BoKpyr BvHToB.
-6( cleue mo61 I{m peen6
)u)occanauarc U Su4occa"nlnlre 14 ycraHaBJrr4BarorcsHa BepxHefi n nuxneft .rerrocrsx qepe3 pa3pesbl cnnzncroit o6oloqrcn v HaAKocrHr4rlbrBHyrpr4poroBbrMAocryrroM (pnc. 3). @opuu lr pa3nnrlHblMu. KoHcrpyKrlrronHbre MarepuaJrbr Moryr 6url Sn4occannnue- 14 [cnonb3yrorc.q Hau6oJree ru]IpoKo: [Jrs 3aMerrleHugoAHoro sy6a, a raKxce qacrr4rlHo I{ rIoJIHocrbIo 6essy6ux qenrocrefi.
K)JIEI
6lr ea II[re TAXX{ BqAC
(prc. .reEII(
Marepuaru
TAKX{
["na naroroBJreur,rrrLT vcnonasylor paanl4llHbre Marepr,Ianbr: KepaMrdrrecxlre(uanpnruep, aJIIoMooKcrIArryIorepaunry ),
c IIox
IIJIA3T
cl00no
IATb I
MeTaJIilIbI, BKrIOqa-g ClnaBbI 3OJIOTa, TI4TaHa I4 HIIKeJIb-XpOMrlllcrblft ruran. BaHaAueBbIe cfIJIaBbI, a raKlKe rIpoMbIIIIneHHo
Pa Bpasa ctrcTe] ITOTOBl
t{oMrdyJrE qplr B . H a
qeA t
Ko,
o Ka, o
Vut
e Pet 14nueor Pr,rc.3. euAoccanunure pasnulHue Qopvtut.l-lrnun.qprr{ecKueu BhHToBbte lA vcnon* syrorcc 6oaee ycneuHo, qeM nnacTilH.{aTbte.
. Ifp,
. C m o lrlst
EL
medwedi.ru nnhqwH2rruwn BnHaosoon){}Kdag€tr4 . pwHanhou slrg nnhqutHqlruwn sucownowc
.
6nH0gotsrou)n quoucod u Krlautnsoutozsn-nw dnb BnhDw6u ad
t{eh 'oHt -cuouil4 t -UdVHVU l.oleNh il
cwsoHqlr0)dagnHA 6ru70s odn€ awo du o 81ilcah? N s owHahr n du"LcHn o u.uj ah7 N
(aalr I anHah -aw s wnwrurnr^r) tr4 c.aJoHtKaeDHBDHHosoHcogoo?thfroH . :tr4rshreJcr4c adogrqs r4diI qJearqJr4h,{ohrr4voxgoaHarsdorox,uuderndx sresodnrdw -doQc rurossoIr rroJorroJehrorcxulnordxurxedu codug .ltow -sultt4Jtralio rrurqsodoVeoc rcsJl4oonro onxdn HarerusoJoJ -au wrvneYxdesrrt hrecs or oJh ,qJuHworr oH)Iceg,14 ttam4t olrqrfolrsarr wvu f,:F^voredragtsg 'ogJcqroJemer^ie8a er,eds urcasr4du Joxohr soyr4s xralnordsrcalndc aueedgooHsed tl 'tr4 orr4n€cxzQ wrsltec ltar nemn{rd ,qsexr neHrcox qJ€J -cedodu Jaxohr orodorox tsdou g 'tr{Jcov BIIaJI,II{ehret oJo}r:) -ennruedex ororcudol - erurerfeucuodvu.r er4 warlrrsdxou c .Itr4HaIrIqIreH W B}ro.{eawrseroJsr,r'oror attodx oJoHHar^rserl rrovotalr htIqHHeJeHeH'lnraralrqdxoil huqgoHeJr4JC tr4 AlKlreJ ncJolawll leaerlIo oJosoHeruJ WIILI emervJ oJOJCI4hOHI{Or -mrsr{odu €r4 rqHeHroil].q€ arqHqrr€ccovHealffeh .1g .cud; tI I4 erqJehHl4Jc€rilelqhraeslq€eHxeJ ,Hr4JJerr xuxcoru aVua s. r4llv uwnul:ldesro c aodVHr4rr.r[ xrsrou eVua s tr4 ex{ueJ nnerogedee6'reudrcrqs arqHqrer4ne[c ruguead orcaws aulrr -orehrr{'p4 vctotexcdur
14
OcreouHrerpaLlr4gB croMaronorhil
OueHraea.s cr{creMy ?I, xerateJlbHo
BbI.trcHI,ITbcJleAylotuv e
BOrrpocbr:
Eatnu nu npoee)eHbt srccneputweHmbtHa )Kuaonxuwx 0o aoucoda npo)grcquu ua potuorc? II poeo}uwcb
nu KJtu?tuqecvaaanpo6 a4ua?
Ong6nurcoedHbt nu s cnetIuanauom us\auuar Hue p%Unbman'Ibr.(nuuungn 5 nem)?
om\aneu-
Eutnu nu npoee\e?tbtnoarnopHbrcucnbtmaHtta e uecKonbrcux u,eumpar? apau AonxteH rIoHI{Marb, r{To HeJIb3s MeI,IccJIeAoBaHufi oAuofi xaHnrrecrll rlepeHocl4Tb pffiynbrarbl cr{creMbl 14 tta Bce Apyrl4e, ocHoBblBaacb JILIIITbHa rloBepxcxoAcrBe IzI. Cocras Marepl,IaHocrHoM rropSororruecKoM cnoficrBa I4 u3roroBJIeHI4e JIa, efo ql4crora, noBepxnocrurre
Fli H ( fril
flpaxrnrymqraft
IIMeIOT BaX,HOe 3HarIeHUe. KpOue, TOfo, B oTqerax o6 ucnrrraur,rrrx 14 Ao"IIxcHbI .scHo I,I3Jlararbc.s KpI4TepI4I,I oueHKI4 ycflexa, a IIp]I aHaJIrIse pe3yJIbTaToB r{MTIJIaHTaUI,II4 AO/DICHbI I4, a 6lrrr uocre4oBareJlbHo oIII4caHbI Bce ycrauonrennue He roJrbKo us6pannste cnyqal4.
UG IEfId WTE [fmi
ryt ICXIEIII
lfBm
-fficl npor tdu rFT EIIET
fuorc Ixxnt s or y Hlf,rr
l
Ef,fr
l
E RTII
(fv,r ffiPl
Tu
Gtr.re eFc[ |
qrcot^ll4lcol^lsoc be)coh14lououg n l/.ouS4tcHcl4)o
medwedi.ru ItdeVoJerg 'qJJoHhodrr orfyocrqs rrder au 'axrogedgo rare -elil7ou omodox 'nueoddox x olqJooal4r.Korc{ 'olqlcouJor Itl -JO€hr4yJo- HeJr{J rrrreJaw r.rreHHaHedrcoduced oxodram '14 rfdxoa rsrdcrex goueodgraQ auueaoeedgo aralnoresrserss'([r4r AI) goccefiodu xrqHqrfeJrrreuJos xuxcohr4Hodx ta xlsdrco aVus s uunxeed arqsaHorr oJ€ oHhrqgg 'runaxdoJJo 4rr4lrxeadxlsH -hraJJI4cI4IfIaxIqHJJahI xlql{JBr4duorergeu xrsHHaxedlqg oII4H -asogul4g€os x l4Jcosltdu raxow oJh 'nHeyJ eulnorexddxo s sorreJaht goHol4 al4HeretrIqs aoHgrqdedueg Jaeglq€rss rraeod -dox xu )I€x )r€J 'tsI4n€gogqlrolloJorrqrernrly s,oLrcuderewoug asroohex s BcqJesoeqrfolror{ rdrorru aH r,rHoou '(lrrodx-qrrexl{H 'reiregox-r,todx'4uuultorr€) rsrczxo arsHrcouxdaaou xr4lfi -oIr(eedgo'sorreJaw oJoHhrre,{srcam,,tC'seorJ xrssnhgroJ -cd oHsrogoV avr4a s Iilrcl4xo arsHrcoHxdoaou alqHHesod[s -tl'leLr alqhraesrq€eH )reJ rudeedgo 'l,rroVodorcnxc rdarc4aV -ohrrrets 'terreraw ulg '4eurdane nonrcouxdasoil noHsI4J -xeed Boxocrqs xalnoreVergo 'xerreraw eH raraltxeadarqHsu? -Jeu v xeJ'(olqreJc I4alfio{esexdagc eJ)IeJHo)rradu'dawradu -€H) sorr€rew uueoddox sorxdYodu wannesoeedgof, erqusr4? -eadre qHeho uell 'I4I4II)Iead atqgrasro elqHhr,rreed srdHxprH -eoa r.(row 'ul{erreJaw c rorr{srcl4eEowraeeg(r,rHe}il olqHqrreJ -usravaoc aurr(dv I,I qrcox) r4H$rJ er4]rsehr4Jorfougevroy
prolupls 4rp[3
r forBl.HeuunHN otqrco) Affxon qebac n be)cohtAJouotAg 4eHe)r sr4h)eod'qrcol/\t4rcet/\|soc
e 'tr4 al IqHXrfotr nxHalro -rsil3fi 9 eI4Hergo
-er,rdar -xdaaou goHvo -eht ts€q
-qtoxcaT
-7ra1f08
og xls?t
z
autnord
16
ocreornrerpaLluq B
arr,rlr ceoficrBaM TIrraH rracro r{cnoJlb3yercg B Kopa6ne- v a TaKlIceMoxteT yclelxHo rlpr{MeH.gTbcs'Lr B aBr,racTpoeHtr!1, Ha nonepxHocrl'I rlrrana crlouraHHo o6pasyercx MeAr4rIr4He. clofi (nperaMyurecrBeHHo oxuculrrZ AI'IoKcI4ATr4ranpouuufi coeAl4na TiOz), [peAcraBnqrouufi crofixoe KepaMl4r{ecKoe HeHr{e,Ha KoropoM Moxcer orJlalarbcg KocrHag MI4Hepa,'InrloBepxHocrb Marpl'Iua. 3ra na'{aJlbHa.soKl4cHa.fl 3I4poBaHHag c roJIIIrI4Hoft50-100 HM Bo BpeMq ycraHoBKu IzI norcplreaer6e nxavtu ( rraennut{ o6p asoru $u6ponexrlrc.s rrJra3MeHHbIMIa HoM r{ BrrTpoHexTrnortr).Baxuoe rpe6onanue Ans' W - 6vtoo6ecne'{nsaercg 6naro4apa JrorruecKa.fl coBMecrllMocrb 6raonorz.{ecxofi uneprHocrtl er:ofi oxracnofi nonepxuocrra. floBepxHocrb 6Iaororn.{ecKl4coBMecruMoro, Qurcupyeuoro B KOCTI{MaTepl,Iana, He Ao"[ircHa oKa3bIBaTb oTpl'rqaTeJlbHoro BlrmglJrrgHa KIeTOIIHyIO14TKaHeByropeaKIII4lI 3a}ItI4BreIIVIs', ycnoBl4gx, KorKoropble rrMelor Mecro in situ B HopMaJIbHbIx ga W unvt apyrofi rocropoHHilft uarepxan orcyrcrnyer. 3ro IzI,c rKaH.tIo3Haqaer, qro KoHTaKTocreol4HTerpl4poBannoro Mprecrb pe3ynbrar npoAonxanuefoc.fl flpoqecca QopMI4poBaHvs I,I lepecrpofixu rcocru rrpl'I orcyrcrBlll4 Bblpaxennofi peaop6qnu. Izlnrerpaqrla Kocrrr BoKpyr VI ssrsercs' Alar'a' npoqeccoM rcocreo6pasoBaHllsu pesop6qnu' Ha Mr4r{ecKr,rM paBHoBecrreMexqy 3Tr{M}I [poueccaMl4 Brr'I"flIor caMble pa3nore $axropbl, B ToMr{uc"[e6uouexauuqecKl4eHarpy3KI4,Bo3Hr{Karorul4eB cl{creMe npo ez/ vtvtrlJlauTar,r{ rloreHul4aJlbnoe HaJIHqI,IeBocrIaJIeHIrgeoxpyr Z.
3axnenenre
Tarc xan B Ilpoqecce 3alKI4BJIeHI,IgKocrt4 o6paeyercx cJlox(Ha.fI MI,IHepanI43I{pOBaHHag MaTpI{Ua' 3DI(IIBJ'IeHI4e MO)KHO lpeAcraBllrb KaK 4nyxSaaoeoe coeAuHeHl{e BHoBb o6pasyroc rloBepxHoxocrnofi MarpI4IIbI u3 fl44poncvranarvra crbro oKr{cna. B cBolo oqepeAb, Ha roJIIIrHHy, cocraB Ia (noTeHTIIIaJIbHo) peaxrunHylo npupoAy KepaMl'Iqecxoro oKucJIa Ha r4MUIaHTare BJII4ger cnoco6 oqucrKu 14 crepl{,Il43alluu nollro yrpara BepxHocrl4 IzI Iasroroer{reJleM. flpe4no,raralor, qefica
$zxcupyeublx Mox(er 6brrr
B Kocru W upu AJII4TeJIbHoMr'IcnoJlb3oBaHulr sllseaHa HaJII'Iqlreu He6olbIlIlIX npr'Iuecefi na
t,
:-
: r
::
LI
medwedi.ru 'tr4 I4xsoHerc,{ arcol BorrJ oJoHcI4)IoI4rJoHJdaIru rdeVoJelrg sroVaH xdsV xlssdeu eI4HeheJ s I4rcox 4orer.gd'I 4toxhlls -dau rrraraueaoeedgo c uxr^f,r a r,ult g'g orsrcodouc oc retru sovfcoc ausercedodu oHqrehelloadel'qJcox .{re qrurcawee 'tr4 excolr I^IaI4H uaxroV r,rsuHerdo uuledraruu eccelrodn g -esod[deuadu 4nuneatlqs 14xoJaIl]I xnlu.{ngur la xrqsrdel^'i gr4Brr{mrorJoc 'tlrtou 4olrc gl4ncar'urodxeu (hlw S'0 oro}Io) 4r4xrroJ rcrerteedgo orau Jddxos 14 flXgoHercrt ar?olI 'tqltudrew nuneel4lredaH IltoHJJou -r{hr oJcahis geHeuJ olranedaQur Ia 4oueodguS 4oaatnrdx 'r'loVodorcux -odu hlal4uax IsHoHVago oJ€ e rafdrardwurc -geucoaodx hrIqI{hoJeJOoVeH xlql{Jcox J H}IJc€h^'dfrx,{drc xlqaoH ltoVodorcu)I al4lrau{geHJoolrhoJeJtoV Joesl4hellcego ororcuVdcoo oJolrHefxedsoueu tsur*rve:g. aodorox'exor 'IqIr )I 4teIre)IJ sJcoHgocouS Jo Jilcuser nulleullsadaoQur -unrcoxVen 4elnexerudu eu )Ioralfll xlqHqlfehll4xHatal^lxIqH -nesodulHadeQQraVau I'I soJt'IIIoJeQ xlluuar?I4hoJoHld nI4IIe -ufrnadaQQuf u twtrcdeQranodu s rcrelrolexedtqs 'rufixead IfeHlIIf aJI,IIf €IIcos
IteHiII/eJI{h€HsaH
JaeuI4HSos
Itroil
oJoHHouIi
-edauo rrtdnoa usodu exrcdrc oronr'Iaadail K4Hesogedgoarr -coLI 'Blroil oJouuorllledeuo uxsotorVol rhlads oa llsrduult tr J esJ3 arlHehal g J"LV >) elruar waIarftaeedNIqHqreI^lI4Huhl -qraJemahrs oJoxJahllrdfdux runaVasod[ oJoHqlrarelflJ I^leJ -fu qrunalJego oHx{oht ltuHergl4x{es BrV :rusoutt' aumnrtr -ileq' oJohtl{JcahtsocI4xoahl4Jorrau9 EI4HeHrouIq€I errcudarel'I '(y,4 uunedrenrn qFleuaJc€H 'oHqreJesoVarc UI vrrlle a>xeY 'r,r) r4aHexJuulvead VI4seH qJBuIrs raV{g 'godr{tranodil I4oJ€ orr{nnegersg',,dwaedJ,, eH sresoduread ernlelagerdoqJcoH -gooorl' 'exor s Jolefflawoll i4 €VJOX eoHHersoJoJvou ' daweed;[rconxdasou ruQedrouor (qJJoJesoxodam'er,udoQ' u rrardage 'eHlllflror I4 serooo oJa :Itorc oJoHf,Il)Io sJJ4oaf, xu)rcohrrhrl,Ix 14 xuxcanuenQ xurddv vYd axcxeJ JatsltrIs' 'tr1 4vuaueudt KeHexJ Iaulxead elqHresJo arrxlahl{Joror4g eH -et xrqurconxdaaou oI^II4I^IolI'Irxsouercd ora rwads oa I4 u 4rluaaoHcoxudu osJJohtlror aousrehu.IHvrw14 tsuneeuvud -eJc lfsHqlraretur '14 extcltt'o Jaawu r'rzfiedraurlloeJco IioH -maucd nrV alaHahelrgaoHHagJcetldc 'woeedgo hll4xel 'ru{ -exJ IltolrJcox ,tx4odrcadeu u auneaodunrdoQ eH xl4lroltsI4rs oHqraJelrr4dro'(esanax'dawudileH) I4JJoHxdaaou{toHcl'Ixo
htolB-LHelluhlu Lt Otcrco) Atlxen qeBEc h r4eHe)t bhh)eod
EH ,IPI EI€( -olI BIT
-otr -oH -otl oH
-x
ao -€ -te
e -e
r4 -o -ts oJ 'ts oJ
s -o rd -o -vL.
.J; qJ
-r 6? g LT
'c-Lcorlt4l.collsoc be)cohHloL/ot4g
18
OcreouHrerpauhnB croMaronorhu
BHoBb 4ra$$epeHIIr{poBaHHbIeocreo6racrl'Iqecxlle KJIeTK}I, vr3 npl4ne)Kaxlefi HaAKocTHlIUbI,MOryT CI4HBbIAeJIr4BrIIkleCg. resrrpoBarb ry6uaryto KocrHylo Marp[Iry, Koropa;I o6ecneqfiBaer flepBoHarlaltnufi KoHTaKTKocrl4 c oKI4cHbIMcJIoeM 14. 3a Drr4MrIepBIlqHbIMKoHraKroM cneAyer $asa nepecrpofirclr, Bo BpeMt xoropofi KJIeTKIIocreoKJlacron (nponaBoAHbrx or KpoBerBopuux) o6pasyror yqacrKu pesop6qrarl, 3aMerrlarcnrue o6pasoBaHHylo cHarraJla ry6uaryro Marpl4uy (co cnopocruo 40 MKM B cyrrra). 3a suuu cneAyer 3oHa c BHoBb au$$epenul{poBaHHofi ropruxa-tr,nofi xocruoft rxaHbro, B xoropofi o6pasytorcs HoBbIe cllcreMbl Haver uo4 BJrr4.flHrreM araS$eperull4poBaHHbIx ocreo6"nacroB B 3aBI4cI{Mocrr4or oxpyx(arcurrIx $axropon (MraxpoAsllx(eHl4tHa IIoBepxHocTr4pa3Aena w/ xocrt, MecTHoro nponocua6x(eHll.s, cr4creMHofo I{ MecrHofo ocso6oxtrenns. Sarropon pocra). flocrenenno (6"rraroaap.sDroMy peraparl,IBHoMy ocreoreneey ) rrpocrpaHcrBo MexAy W u t
croKpoBeHocHbIecocyAbl llpopacraJlu c $enouenalrnofi (85,5 rperneft rttnprn cyr:xlr), c wIKoM IIpIaMepHoua pocrbro HeAeJrenocJle ycraHonxu I4. flo4 a"nexrpoHnblMMI4KpocKorIoMHa SToMpacrylrleM rlpoMe)KyrorIHoM cJloe Mo)ICHo 6uno na6nloAarb o6pasonanue rrJroruofo KoHTaKTaMexAy uarpnqefi, cos4annofi co3peBaarur4Mr4ocreo6.nacraMvr,,r troBepxHocrblo oRI4cJIarnrana- flo AaHHbrMLinder et alt, paccro.fiHl'IeMe)IcAyoxncrofi rloBepxHocrblo rI4TaHa u 6nuxaintr{MlI BoJIoKHaMIIKoJIJIareHacocr,III4TaBI4JIo20-50 HM H ono 6nno sanoJlHeno KoMTIJIeKcaMI{ KO3aMI4HO|JII{KaHOB, KOTOpbIe, Bepo.[THO, BbICTynanU B KarlecrBe " [ocpe4H[KoB ", co4efi crnytoqux ailt e3uvr MI'{HepaJII4-
3r4poBaHHofinner,rerouHofi n'rarpl4llbl co cJIoeMorucla. flpu OCTeOI{HTerpUpooueHKe STOIO[pOcTpaHcTBay K'r'IHI4TIeCKU sneKTpoHHoro rpancMlIcclroHHoro BaHHbrx IzI c nouolllblo Mr,rxpocnorlao6napyxurl4 )rqacrKlr c uIorHbIM nplIJIeraHIaeM rocrnofi TKaHI K I4, 6es o6pasonanu.t rlerroro cJlo"flcoeAl4-
l4tCO) ) EIEIHEUUA14 OJOE -oHel-hr l4rcoHXdOSOU
medwedi.ru
s - nr{Hr.Ihrolveu\ eI{eJI4JSOHOUal4Herevlqg aoHJehte8oJceH Jaehrr{ I4 I4xsoHeJs,{ elr3ou oJh 'oHaIfgoH€J3.{ LII4HegOvarC -cr4 xtrrJoHhreJ?Jqrr,,teadg ',rulrurex e;eQcoQ r4erroc €HeJ -r4J OJOJsr4r'nrconxdasou eH araueaoeedgo srudoxc{ rd:oN ranaanurxedu'14 a)Kolr walfiorel^u4Hraducos s erqHHesoducxraQ -et '(Z'S) 11d arsuueV alru€rzHorn 'oucadaurT 'r4ohrr€rrrr v mr^rtsI|oxrzrtrsHqlredal{ul,rt'I40YOA C lertarcl4evol^u4e8s HeJ -I4r orh 'Ja€heHro o16 'rruu{dr arsHqrncxodVnr auluexdat -of,r4r4lrqrexu arsureQcoQ-uerur arqH)r{orc ncroldeedgo ou -HeJHoIrcnrcoHxdasou rlol{Juxo oJa eH ,(r4ulreruevuwu udu 'dawr.rduen) orssody c raddurxerHolr serro (A7-lvg-lJ) nrqsoHeJuJ vtt4 Ij"-LI,jJ r4rqJcrrheVJoX .exrag hreorr3 Hex -.r{duorlo eVrox '€VJoJ axev IqHor4el.I}IJehr,rHeJdoau u rlod es rar(duread tr4 rarcouxdesou €H VI4JxooJh ,qJuxoronVadu oHlr{ohrlrJre oJ '(S u d 'eJ) aoJHaHouhro}rxr4)rcohrauerdo -eH r,r xr{}I3ahr,rHe:doefl JI4oJJoJHo orh ,onax^,{deugoorlsg norrr oJoHcl{xo oJolrueaoeedgo qsoHs oJoJ€ egeJJoc err4u -eue nd11 'I.rH 002 noHumroJ eH€Jr4Jerror4)rororJ oJoHHes -odraqucceu auneaoeedgo scoreVorrrger 14 raxsoHerc.{ arlou Jer qJJar[ eada6 'rzr.rHaHawrr4 xrquuaaJ3elndc Vrd eruxdd -eHgo I4lrl4rostou 're,lo.eue11 arsHuaVaaodu,I4 et lrl4HaVorrg -eH el4)rcahaHI,rrX'iqhtaJcr,IJeI{)rcahr4JolroueraS arqHhroJcH3 r4 alqHJcahreH aoHot4 wr{ xl(rHHalraVrqgar4Hrllrs qJr4HenooH -xes erendaJehror.rgadogna udu 'tworeoll .I4 xralnoruxddxo 'xruexJ a tsuexddemgo uv:srg soHol4 xl{xcehl4lfreJer,{ IqIlarJ jnranadosrced rsccahodu rrVoxodu IA oJosoHerr4J oronuad -vans urconxdagor r{oHcrrxo er{ oJh 'orer€}roil (Ap-lvg-rJ) esenuJ oJosoHeJr4Ju eue,Lr4roJoJctrIh evrtI xw>rlar,raVauordo anuandel4 'xorcer,d (hIH orroxo) rJuyuor lrHaho eadah rr4[
-oxodu al4sJcr4aVor/,{ve€s. xUI'rshnuedr EoxJah JaH orqHetJ {oHcl4)o J_ouoxedeu 414)COht,tr!eHnv lror{Jcon 14tr4 oJosoH€Jr4rorqJconxdaaou rroHJr4xo,ftxa14
-l{trao I^iOI4I OJOHH
-odu ndIJ -wed -ex s -T4VJ -;Jo)
-xdaa OLI ' -oIes A14HE
-odu 4asJa -oxc 14 qH€ g q3
-)r14 '(ar4 -tot (ztea '(eJ3 'K4H -ou e -t4Jt1f trOII _EHT C eHO
,{nud 'uun -eno 'I,[H 007 oY uounlnroJ l{oHos r{ou$dowe u goHexrarroarodu htoorc NLIxr{oJ qlreho htr4JeeH€Jr4JIaJroH -xdagou I4or{JI4xoro qcurrvaVto arsdoroy,lteJlergoat,co arsHgovoil 'uuJalrx q)vrIrrrstsax ax wel .I4l{exr KoHsraJIaH
ot
hlorelHeuunh
u otctlco) AVxev'l cegsc 14{oHe)t
6uh)eod
'q.t.conl4rcolrusoc
, -^J-
ht30Ir: -AIIf,A -]j]4X 'I4xJe
be)cahuto1ror1cl
20
ocreorHrerpauileB croMarorornil
cryrrae ucrroJrbgoBaHlrs rlrraHoBoro c[JraBa) n oxpyxarcurr4e VI rt
f'lporpeccilpyrou.1an ocreoilHTerpaqilfl
Ocreorurerparlr4.s r.rMeerMecro rorAa, KofAa [pr4cyrcrByer Ar{HaMr4r{ecK}r Meu.qroura.rrc"s fiepexoAHas 3oHa (pvc. 4),
: : | | i , i
medwedi.ru
4oaongdd goueodgu| ttt rddxoa oruuesoeedgox ryoarndl 'BuHarrsr.Ixte€ oJoHslrewdoHrqcceltodurorem.{deg W vuHe:v.
-prsY arquHawadsavxedg'(r4JJov oHqlraJucoHJoeJeJHeL-Lr -wlr evHomahrc) wnr4Heu{r4svodxurr'r ura axsddJBH Ogr4rf-rjor: -ex ncraerdesvorreH srcoHxdasou reaaued {rodorou eH'tsH.y-argfixee goeeQ r4orrqrleheHee retflorfvavc ,tr4 eu Nue,{d-es womod , uugrJJasJooc s lt3nerfiolesunrzraa{ oHHBoJ]orr
'( -r{gl
-u* w1 JO)I((
-as '(6gt-gee:Z:996t dLuocotg^eU tuC CHC .,,sc_. -rsrogeO -eHoelehlot4gxt't>car,ltseldooHsrcf osc xtqHrcoHxdesouuhHesofioucoa ennr,Aeg, eu-eelurn"1 14oLues€> BuHemedeedc Bcloestcreheuedel) 'vrco>t tlunlleuonred ofisrcuorJcs reHe)r r4rhedlalHmoerco 6r4Horr4c^eden c_ '{eHe)r euuesoeedgo bclee€vrhr4uos{eue-Lur\ovc [tcHc/.)o rtqHsrDpod eoHuou rruoxclrodu 4 u>eoHercAevco, euoj olosdeu e'|Heha-LI welea'eh6cor,',r oJosdau ouHehor s J-eEiler4HouailxeeooHq[eheH :AuoxeeAno>ceruwerc -erou Hc-LoBHl4huou BfiHausrlxee ccerodu ott 'ousel,,rvrr"re .l .cv,c etraredgg 'c[hedJerutaoorco BernorAdr4ccodrodlJ
4or{ t{J30 -IaI'l B74
-xd -ad -atr 14 -Iqge
1"oo,
oHu -IfJO,
gr4I -oiltl
ord -ox rdro axd -oII EHI4
-ox -o8 -udl -edr -I4J -oll -EJJ]
4ao a14lt
LZ
llo-lelHeuut''ll4H otsrco) Itlxent gegec h feHe)r 6r4h)eod 'q.t.cor.,l41cor,tsoc ge)coht4lorrohq
22
ocreorurerpauile B croMarororr4h
rKaHIa. floc"ne Haqa"rrluort $urcaquvr W e Nocrv n VI ycranaBJIIIBaTOT Orropy AJ'r.rrnpoTesa, ocTopolr(Ho yBerr{qr.rBas Ha_ rpy3Ky Ha VI. 3ro nocreneHHoeyBenr4rreHrle Harpy3Kr4Ha 14 rrpor4cxoAr.rr6laro4ap fl Au:nav,rluecKr{M rrpoqeccaM s o6racTrr KoHTaKraW c Kocrbro. tr4soprone4r4r4xoporuo r43BecrHo, rrro Ars llpaBr,rnbHoro pa3BI4TI4fl.pr cra6lrnvsalJlrv xocrHoft rnanr4 Heo6xo4ralraqr4KJrr4r{ecKas Hafpy3Ka Ha tr4. peaxqua Kocrr4 Ha Harpy3ry Bbrpalrcaerc.rr B rrpoqeccax ee eoplrnpor,auug. 14 rlepecrpoftxttt c ueJrbro rroAAeplrcaHr4sroMeocra3a. Ecnn $asa 3alrr,rBJreHr,rs tr4 npourna yclerrrHo, ero KoHTaKr c rcoctrofi rKaHbro yBerr4r{r4Baerc.s K Konuy rrepBoro ro4a c 53 no 74%. B o6-tacrlr KoprrrKa"Ebnofixocrlr gra BeJrr4qr4Ha Mo)I{er Aocrr4rarr 90%n. llpra peurreHoJrorr4qecrou o6c-neAoBaHr4r4BoHbI KoHTaKTa7I c xocrtn B rrepBble roAbr rrocre efo ycTaHoBKr4qacTo oTMerlaeTc.syBerr4rleHr.reqHcJra KocTHbIX rpa6exy-rr BoKpyr IzI; sro cBr4AerenbcTByero Hopr,,ra,rr,Hofi pexoHcrpyrrunnofi peaxrlr4lr opraHr43Mana Su:uo,rorr4qecKyro Harpy3Ky rrpore3a, ortrpamilIeroc"{ Ha VT,. Hapr4y c xt4Mr4qecxvtr'lu csoficrBaMr,rnoBepxHocru tr4 na [porlHocTb
efo
BHeApeHLLfl B KOCTHy]O TKaHb
BJTI4.SIOTL,I ee
Qnszuecxne cnoficrsa. O6pa6oraHHarrB necrocrpyfiHoM arrnapare noBepxuocrb rr{raHoBoro tr4 6yaer r4Merb fopa3Ao 6o"neenpouHrrfi KoHraKr c Kocrbro 6tarogapa urepoxoearofi [oBepxHocrr4, qeM rJraAKo orru,ru$onaHHa.fl TrrraHoBa.flrroBepxHocrb (50 u 20% coorsercrseHno), qro [oBbrrrraer ycrott.rrdsocrn IzI n 4elicru4ro BeprrrxaJrrbHbrx cra,rt. flocne [peABapr.rrenbHoft o6p a6orKr4 rroBepxHocrr4 14 neo6xo puwo o6ecner{I4rb HeMeAJreHHyro[epBr4rruyn cra6uJrbHocrb IzI noc"rre ero ycraHosrn. C erofi qeltro r4crroJrb3yrorcsMaKpopereHIII4.;IB eu4e pesn6br, a raKxte KoMrrpecclroHna.{[pl4nacoBKa IzI B -noxte,Ar,raMerpKoroporo HecKoJIbKoMeHbrrreAr4aMerpa tr4. Enarolaps MaKpopereHrlr,rr4Mo)KHo [peAorBparr4rb Harranbnyro MlrrporroABrrlnHocrb 14 u ynenw{r.rrb nnoulaAb ero orcucnor?rroBepxHocrrrr,Jrfl.ocreor4HTefparlur4.Cnoco6nocrr MeraJlJTl4r{ecxux VI K ocreoI4HTerpaIIIrHsaBnctrr or rrrlareJrbHOrO14IUaAgII{efOIrpOBeAeHr,r.g xzpypfl4r{ecKofo BMerIraTeJIbcrBa, or 6nocosN{ecrr{Mocrr{noBepxHocrv W u ero Qusuuecxux ceorZcre, o6ecner{r4Baroqr4x HeMeAreHHyroQuxcaqnrc VI u cra6uJrbHocrb B 3oHe KoHraKTa MexAy tr4 u xocrnro.
TZ
edfuederr,ry
medwedi.ru 'oIqJC OII4TI€ -Aklf4tnl -qlraJel -qreJel
qrcoH oJo qff -eH qJ
edraw exsoJ -narad artoII -co9o -Vadu -cd re
porrorg ernr'rul.u ur^pnls 1.'sbrd
t"":"l.i;L$l
lrtnrueltl uorlelOelureuoq uo sctlsuelceleLlc "ur"t33;%13,ii,iirt ece;-lns]o ocuenltul 'H qc!$ 1o 'HC xol ,dr tullleroH,5 uueuleulels,)u )tueqcs ,g ,esng '9L-69:ZtLg61 s1ueldu.r1 celollrxe4lsro f 'slueldulttunluel[;o . lul enb.rolle_^otue4odn_Mollolteen_l b-:llqiel oql ut slueldull /v\alcs1o uorlelOelul.l uossllolqy ,O uossueqof 'VOV-66g:9:t66[ slueldLul celollrxe!\lBlOI lul .euoqul slueloultpopBo,|qlulntueltldC psleocunpue peleoc_euedep{xolp^q lo sotpnls culeuoqdtotuolsrpl .I uossqolqlv ,y\l ropuelgoC
-oII Be 140Jea oYeedo -ue hto ea 14 J eHLI -cehI{J 4oHqre. OJO AI|J
Jo uonellrJoJJoJatr€rlsqns\/ :uIJUoplxo sll prru runruBlrJ .I ea?uBH
XIqHJJO
:oruoro'ocererurprlareuors-eu;h%t?35;1"j"1fJ["fi::,#H
."nruern-euoq ;:39j,ffi::,UH.?" so,,,rf,l;3;ff liY;';:ffi'# "q, -I lepuli 'g uossre^J'vI{ uossu€H ,I-d {rerueugrg ,a uossllerqp
-esova -OhI EH
f$c€ f, JXEJH,
'e€eI30 -oduwdr
'lsroged dyuvoraw ordnnesorcogo ounden E erJ;r1. -€ulauc lrJcoHHasJJrosro,Jrqloex{}reJ e,lI eH dueddcu :r: -orrtrnore auhl4raart oHIreIreJsOIr'ereradaten oJowL{JsAWSO 3Cr ; eu'ourrel" '7 exott auHesodudeuadu oem'vem xr4llo{eJel-:, -vadu'uurlerHeruhu4 r'I4sorcd xrqnsouco ul{Hal{ro,,rqa ]ra_ qmr4r erdnrzrcoV quqg Jaxow nuledraJHr4oaJoo rreHmar: "no-LelHeuuhlt4 14olqrco)
Ati^xel'l cecec h {oHe)l
nI4Irxea I{OI{JJO) 'oHJ)ag{ -3eIf9O
ueHr -eH Be -effeJ,C.
br4h)eod 'cl.cor,rrr-cgt/,rgoc Be)cohr41ouor4g
3
iloeepxHocrb ilMnflaHTara Merle J. Jaarda
Cyruecrnyer qe"ntrfi px4 6uonorilqecnllx [peArIocbIJIoK, KoHTaKTa Bo3HI{KHoBeHI{Iocra6unluoro cuoco6crnyrcullx MelcAy W vt xocrsofi rr
BpeM.a ocHoBHbIMIl Marepl'IanaMll' ucrloJrbByeMbIMI,I AJIx I,I3roroBJIeHI'I.s gnAoccaJlbHntx 14, tBr.alorc.f, TlITaH, TfiTaH-aJlrotnrrannfi-saHa4ueIIpOMbIIIIJTeHHO .IuCrlrft B nacroxrqee
elrft cnrae (Ti-6Al-4V) u rn4poncilararutt. B nercoropnx cucreMax nJlorrrylo MeraJlJllr!{ecxyrocrpyKrypy IzI rasMen.sror I\nfl co3glanus rropncrofi nonepxHocrll. C arofi IIeJIbIo ucIlonb3ylor pa3rl4rlHble BoroKHa''t nnlr ttoxpblT]Ig' HaHeceHHbre MeroAoM rIJIa3MeHHoroHaIIbIJIeHH.ao'flpe4noJlaraercq' rrTo TaKoe r43MeHeHUeIIOBepXHOCTI,I MeTaJIJIao6ecne.Il4saet 14rloBepxHocmn IzI' Kocrb}o 6oree flpor{Hylo cB.r3b Me)Iuy
Marepnansl
medwedi.ru
-Vux dVxaru nr4[xead zOrJ err?r4xorazsrcrdcudu s os 'ZOIJ B)Jertrsts erfcr4xo gonrdoQ r4o:asvvge;,; eerroglreu ehret4H 'stozlJ -erdo gd uanexr xnugorcd g n OII :rqrcr{xo e}rJ 'zOIJ er4 Jr4oJc -f,dU u rcrorenadrls. LI r4nonxdasou eH oH -oJ r4oro glqHJr4xo oJeJg alflelt 'rqHJJegenal{eyoil Bolrc oJoI{ -rr4xo geJJoc 14€HI4f[roJ arsHqu€hu4JilooxeHVO 'untredranrz -oaJJo rcefiodn eH euntsurlg aoHJaht€t qJealqg?xo rdrow ser -co) Lr eHr4llroJ oJa 'tr1 Iaor? glqHorzuo {rliluJcouxdaaoll 'o,,u,rwH oY 3 0Z II rarconxdesou nrrlreer4rradarcr4 r,rxJcraho t soVoJaN xrsHr'nreed nusauenrrndu arerqrdead s nosJes -nr'raragd Jor{oht trolfc oJol{craxo euralulfoJ '/r{I{ g'tr orouo 4oHr4lfiroJ norc oJoHJrz)ro orr4r.reaoeedgox ruVoaudu exdf -eos r,{oVodorcldr J I4 oJoaoneuur rarcoHxdasou JxeJHoX ',axaoxeuf, lr lrprnovaaJoJsr{udu eurogedgo aa 'Ll ttrcouxdagou rl4lretunradarc 'exJJr,Iho :I4 InII{eIfsoroJ -su tsms.orlctrorrurs urcouxdegor serco? €II oJh 'I4Ir€€€x 14 -orr BuHeaoYavcc"S4'rar.rfredrarrr]roerco xaucf, fwalnolrroVad -uo 'ereudoJ?w r4Jcorrxdasoudsercoc rcrrrVosro srod rem 'HarsoJoJ€r4 -slrog alna gu 'er€udar oxesVo rro orodoron -er^rro LBJIdS?-9 qJCor/{r4JCar^rsocor4g r4 €sJcHroscar4rflgo tr4
r4rcoHXdosou 8Brco3
',utcourdeul{ ?Io}tto€JelronYedu xr4 rdeVorerg nuHarsoroJsr.{ ts[Y JntroxVou omodox W ' tuJeu€I4c)rodFur' der,rlprdueu' tqreudarew euxcarrr,uteday ' qJJo)rr4oJJordHHorzeoddox - IJ ordur,rarf ro Jorahrrr 7-lvg n 14I{eJr,rJr4rqr)r,rhor{Herrmrqhrodg'n,reVodoVos u eVod %7,1$0 'eearrau( -avtf, ygg'g 'eroee %1ff0'eVodorcux %\'0 %S0,0 'eHeJI4J 'hrogocoxo r,ursHHermruwodtr %gL'66 :aeJcoc oJA grlsl^re€ar4rseJoJsr4'Heu4r reradVHewoxad 14 xrsugr(e &rrqJcrah tsvY 'LV-IV9-rJ seruc nerogedeed rrqg orqJcosnodu uoxor -Iss eerog c ereudarehr oJohtr{JJahrso3r4}IJahuJoroug BilHah 'oIsJOoHsvugell I,r orqJcoHhr4Jcelru -frou olsran r4o)IoJr{Ig O Jaevelrgo 14 'ecos oJeosc rrY wrsHr'odu ou 't{uxJlrl,{ BJraBv -sn r4rqdorolr '(ZOIJ) eHeJr{Jevr4Juor,rvevr4s s rclaer,adrcs HO hroHgoHJo g 'goJHaNerf€ erfr^{et eH xrquueuedrcodu -ced xrqr,uecvtVadt eroJoeh ou wrqJnseY ts:.retsvsr HeJr{I
9Z
t
el.erHeuur{ucl_coHxdesou
26
ocreounrerpaqr.s B croMarororrh
KOCT.gMII OpfaHI{3Ma
U TI{TaHOM I4AeT B OrIeHb He3HarI[TeIb-
uofi ctenenull.
flpe4no"uararor, qro oKr4cHbrficJrofi Mo)Ker BJrr4srbHa rrrr4przHy nporevHcoAepxaulefi, cno6o4Hofi or KoJrJrareHoB30unr, o6uapyxeHnofi MelrcAyIzI u nonepxHocrbro rcocru. V 14 qr4cToroTI4TaHaIIiI4pI4HaarOfi SoHlr npuu3 npoMbrlxJreHHo 6rrasr4rerlHo 20 nrrl; y VI vrs rr4raHoBofo crrJraBaTi-6Al-4V, I{Merorueropasnrrfi no cocraBy oxncgrrfi ctoit, - 500 irrur6. Kar< yxasntBaJrocbno 2 rraee, ruepoxoBarocrb ruranosorl noBepxHocr:n lf uoxer BJrrlrrb''Ha ee cuenJreHr4ec 6worrorur{ecxr4MrrMonexynaMrarrauefi peq[[rrenra. O4nar
OTHOCTTCTI CTepI,InIA3aIIr4.rr B aBTOKJraBe,
crepl4Jrrr3aur4.rr )KapoM, ynnrpaQuoJreroBbrMlr ryrraMu r{ paAuoqacrorHbrM TJreroulr4Mpa3p.rrAor'1.Bce arrl MeroAbt 6unu n3yqenbr B p.rrAe nccnegoeauuit. Hesaer4craruoor rexnnrra xkpyprflqecrofi ycranoBKr,r rr4TaHoBoro M ero noBepxnocrb Aonx{Ha 6mrn crepn"rruofi K MoMeHry x[pyprnqecroro BMeIlrareJrbcrBa. flpnvuuofi xonrapr vnar6r4r4rroBepxHocru VI, o"tpl,IuarenbHo Bnlr.srcuefi sa [poqecc ocreor4HTerparlr{t4,Moxer 6rrrl r4 ee Herro4xoA"rrua;rcrpyKTypa.
B peay"rrrrare MHorI4x r.IccJreAoeanufrycranoBJreno, rrro noKpbrrlre noBepxHocrn VI 6uo norr4rrecrr4aKTr4BHbrMr,r KepaMlIr{ecKI,IMIa MarepuanaMu yryr{uaer cB.rr3b14 c xocmro. rlaIIIe An.q raxoro noxpbrTu.f, rrclonbsyeTcs fr4ApoKcuanarr,rr. B
TlvnnanraTbtc KepaMilqecKLrM noKpbrTileM
medwedi.ru
cerorrxehr pro I ru.ruerdu' popeorqr,"th;hiiJ;33H:U"3lJ setpedo.rdsleueleuluo spoqlau burueelc"pue uotleztluals -erd lo slco1lf 'gd ro)^ eH .ON ,yy1ueqbeueeyl,31luerrrleoll ueupeg leeqcs
'0t
1o1ue1du1 rero-uo*ceroruronssrlpuesc*srolc"r?33 :?ff*rtirtJ,
,311 -durl 'Hf ,C-.1 ,yy1 ueqOeueen,=g elle4eN 'zl uu{g ueutpeH releg .Z9t_etl:996t ,CSd :OO'uololllr-l.lueldulpluoo eq1 '(spe) 3f suoruol ,4g Aeuurycyl:u1.serpado.rd leciueqceu.rotf, pue leueleuorq{q pecuenlJu! .f 'It se sece1.lslug 1ue1du1 lelueq suotuel 'Z9e-09t:9:066 1 s1ueldulcelollrx 'sece;.tns -en lerg lul I lueldur untuelll dC pezlluolslo uotlezuel -cereqC'S norloloy{,41 ,g uq6net6 ,p te;ley '0t fueqOnoq 'p ueu4qO;ry1 ' I LZ-V9Zi9ig66 1 sluegdullcelollxel lErOf' lul 'yodet fueururletdy :srs{1eue lectureqclol ,ioocsbriceOs uollcela Aq paurutelep slue;dulrleluap snoessopuoxls uotleutul -eluoc .p4 fuuep1,fl zuo-lIo ,C laqnely ocepns pue sseu)lclql epXO '9L'ecuesso]utn_O .fu]stlueq :o6ecrqg [ t :996t lectutlCur uorlelbelur -oosso .(spe) uossuelqlv ,VO qlez :soseqlsold pe1et6e1ul_enssrl I 'l-d lreuroun.lg:u; .uor1e:6elutoesso ol uotlcnpollul.l_d lleurouplg ' 69Z-LVZ:t:996 1 A1r lqr1eduocotg ^aU lu O .slet./ole ul -rorqcrueojoutuo slcadse ocuatcs 'L oc€JJns.f eeusnel 1g ouresey
-erbelu roesso ur oce,, eru t,"r";'gnTgnff 6t$:"1. t:Jffilt,i"#
'LZ,-L:lt:gg6t6u3 pourotg uuv .euoqut slueldutujntueltj :enr^ ur slueldLur crue6:ou1 auoz ecelJolutoql .le to I r.ugJlspunl lo 'y 'g ouase) 'VH uossle'l .luossuolqlv uossueH,;_6 >lleurauv.rE 'ZOZ-L6liZ:Lg6; s1ue1du1 celollxe4 lerg f lul .sllnsertueurr-u -rlold :ueu ul peletlolxo s1ue1du.l ulnlueltllelo snoessopueuo s6ut1 -eoc peAe.rds-er-ue11 eu.rseld 1o s;sAleuy.d lereqcs ,Hf qruls ,H Aqm-l
J
,v
'rng p;opouog,. .cr;tuce pueauoqo, uoo"*o"r? ?ri3;Y33""'"?i -rns lo olol eq1 :s1ue1dur .l 1ect6.rng qeucBy! ,tdH lelllld ,dU qsle6
lurofouosn .euoq o1slue;du.ruo -u.roclelourreq4 polaluts .CUIeU,r"*u""o3ibit8l;Xt3'lftJ"f::3 ,U .M ,z lcon-.1 lelolsou ,f eluplee prsuocu6rse p o," .,"u"r"'r,rj luI suorlero i;rtli;?;??Sr[f T:-:r:lfrS
't
edArederry
',radarcrdcro nurrsdxoil BlIHego€qrou'lr r4Jcolrsedgoocar -aII o auHeHWaoHr4Ve,,truoreou ,orqu€rrr gtoHJcolr ) ,I sersl elr tsr4Jrqdxorf rwrHvr4rraBr.rHesovarn}pr xeJ€Jqrdeed xrsgul, -adosr4rodu o ncreerngooc xrrzrexnvgtl:t xrqHHarJrrhoJorrhr
LZ
e1e-LHe[/uri{rt r-rcouxdeaog
ilMNfiAHTATA SrzrouexaHilKa Merle J. Jaarda
3ona xonraxra IIAIACb
W c KocrHblMtl u MaTKI,IMII TKaHrIMkr !l3y-
OTICHb UHTEHCUBHO
C IIENbIO
JT}4IIIICTO
IIOHI4MAH}IS
ME-
xaHH3Ma ocreol{HTerpaq}Il4. O6rer"r euaunfi SHaq[TeJIbHo BbIypoBn.ax, poc, oco6eHHo Ha KJIeroqHoM u rl4croxllMlrlecKoM rrro ilo3Borwtrc o6'tgcnl{Tb A}IHaMI[lIecKI4e ilpoqeccbl e groft rrro Ha rroBepxHocrll LI rarxe npoo6nacru. Vcranoereno, xoAtr anarofplr{Hble A[HaMI,ttIecKpIe npoqeccbl. B srofi cBl'3vl cKoHueHTplIpoBaHbI Ha I'I3rrocJreAHlre rIccJIeAoBaHng. 6ttrt ToqKI,I 3peHpla. ponu VI c 6uoruexanr.Iecxofi f{enlrn 6raouexaHl,IqecKlae [ccneAoBaHl{s noKa3aJl}t llpone4eHnue 3HaqeHue cl4creMbl KOCTb-I4MTIJIaHTaTIIg. uMfinaHTaul'Iu n
cpoKa cnyx6nt I4. Haqunat c 1980 r., 6uln paspa6oranu paanoo6pa3Hble BcnoMorareJrbnble aJIeMeHTbIAng lr3roroBrrenus.o6rr.IHrrx oproneAl4qecKllx KoncrpyKufift u taxoeltx c na onopoit wa 14. flpo6ner'lu 6raovrexasraqecnorosrusuus.I He 'ISJ IeHbI. KOCTlryIo TKaHb TIOJIHOCTbTO 9ro6rt ryrrrrre Iroggrb AI,IHaMalIecKIle Irpoueccbl, ttponcxoArrrlle Ha rloBepxHocrl4 14, tt wx BJrkrflHue Ha cBfl3b Me)ICEy VI tr Kocrblo, cneAyer paccMarplasatlo IA KaK eAI4Hoe qeTI4IIIITIHbIMI{I43 JIOe, COCTOgI{eeI43 MHOXeCTBa KOMTIOHeHTOB, (prac. 5): cneAyloul{e Koropbrx rBJIrIIorcf,
t. 2.
Kocmuas rnKaHb, oKpg)tddtouttaflu.tutnnaHrnarn I'Iunnaumam (nepeuuuortt eneueum - pe).)
i
i::i'li
medwedi.ru IzoJe orr lrrac xrsllqreurosl4dor BuHamql{el;.{ orsrafl
qH€}rJ
orrtnrcou eH uysrtdreH KouHorrcJadunoy qJJowuVoxgoeH orr4HaHhrocrorerdasVon rql,;r4vetrllauc arsdoJoxaH .rI r4vrn -xrtdrcuox r4olrqrehrr4Jllo OArOgI,ren.{vosou ou rar,rretcnreurt -auc r{Yxar^rnr'IHaHhroJoHr4trara[grcldcro go rartarcrlraJevl4gC orsrcouvr4seho r4aJs 6 14 gulruddrcHox aneedgooJorrhl
T4l-COHXdOSOU
xn esrc4osc t4 solelHeuuy!t4
ilnh)Adr-cHo)
'aoraVeedxure Eu BrrsVx€xlauadrorucce4 lqrcaw)no nuHaHout^tox anzfrdp oH anwaoBopadau n uutodu pu enlnafrsuteryag ,non3 .V rnlnufrdncxnQ
ptaaodu gouHng n rtq.udouo ewcounodu n owfrdzng .g
y pnhxdd -utc?tolt xtouuodgns swcottgocouc splnufrdntnwdowy nautcouxdasou xn ostucnosl n y nnhxfidutcuoy
'7, .T :IDI
-LlHexewoilg l
.6 .g . L .g .S .V .g
6Z
B croMaronorilu OcreonnrerPauun
30
KoHTaKTHble noBepxHocr4 MexAy cepAecHuKoM { OtrKctrPyoultrM BvHTOM npoTe3a OKKn03noHHaq noBepxHocrb
MexAy cepAecHYKoM x BTOpU9HbIM SNEMEHTOM
KoHTanHble noBepxHocTh
Mexay
onoPHblM
MexAy KapKacoMr o6rrqoeoqnutv noKpbrrueM
BvHTOMU QilKCvpyroulnM BTHTOM npore3a
Mexry
onoPHblM
BUHTOMU BTOpUCHbIM SNEMEHTOM
MexAy cepae9HilKOM u o6nnuoeoqnutv noKpbrT4eM
Mexly BroPuYHolz gacrbn u ffMnnaHTaroM (nePBtrgHblM oneMeHToM) Mexny
MexAy BTopucHoi tacTbn u
onoPHblM
BtrHTOMU YMNNAHTATOM
4MNNAHTATOM
(nePaurrutv elevenrou
Prac.5.OnopnsrfihMnJIaHTar,eroKoMnoHeHTbl14KoHTaKTHblenoBepxHocrl'1'
TI4IIa Cr{I4TaIoTcgHaI46OneenpI,IeMJIeTeoplllI, tr4 BI4HTOSOTO [oAqepKI'IBaIOTBaxHocrb IIUTnHAp[qecKofi rr,rnnrlu.fipyrue cra6l4nbnocrll rIoA AeficrBl4$oprr,mr 14 r,Jrs coxpaHeHl'Is el'o eM fopl{3oHTaJlbHbrx
C}IJI.
lroBepxnocrr4 Vl Kax. orrueqaJlocb BbIIIIe' uepoxoBarocrb cfloco6crflB Jrflercfl BaIICHbIM 6raorr{exaHu'IecKl'1M saxropottl' (IIo ByrouLIM yBenurreHl'Ilo [por{HocTr4 CBL3]1_IzI c rcocrlru cpannenraro c vI c rnaAKoft noBepxHocrblo)l'
medwedi.ru nr4HaherrJago orsrafi , Kox€ddJeHr4oHHarrevaduo vou soJHan -ar€ xIqHqIraVJoaI4I{aHI{VaocxtalfiorehJalrgo,aolHar\iddrcul4 xzxcanndrawor{eHr4vnwads aesVarcou s hrauHararcx (e) u '>lreuraugrg 'I-'d ahrolf,r4l eH xrsHHesoHco,/tr4soJHauorrhro)r lrulruddrcuolr oil xlsHVoxo esroehl,Irox oJomslrog htet{hrzrreH (tr) :rqHensorc,tgo r4urerg14 uvueaoyav)rtl'19 crad; nr4Heu{ -utee tlvut lr rNovtr4eH goJHr4s xrsHnr4lrgedrarcosr,odu nzn -ar'rteu orqra[ ] 'tr{oHgoHJog 'q)lrvtrVoaodu (xlsHHor4eolrx -)Io 14xrsudouo; tr4 soJuohrore xrqsoJHus nr4H€soYarra)I4
Sorel-HeuuWh lql-HonotfeotcsorHrq
'nl
bilheeurdor V
'oedrarueuVoJe Jo aH e 'LI rsHr4rVJo Jr4cuser 'uxegoc r,rJJo) [ondrroassrre em yoqvuuaveVtl uvY tsewr4yoxgoer 'evvrx ,orol enrody ..qrco)r - W vrlerrgo a uxe,{dreu ar4Heravaduced aourrraduorerg aelrog JotesuhetIf,agoedraner4V oJamqrog tI or:.. ,oHerexotl 'rrwdoQ axxeJ orrsg Hrorenueu,(rJr4r.il4 4oxJehr4Hoxtr4 weh 'oudatrtoHsed aarog dxe.{dreu rolmreYaduced sorHr4s.vuvt sodVur4rralr xtaxVerJ awdoQ s tr4 .rqr^teJcr,ro eJHaHoul^roxoJ -oVx€u egJJtrosa arlllJahuJotfoneraQlr arr[)ahvnexalnl,tqdaru -eed rsHeVadauounor uraVor,r uondarorsuhro)rg ..snexr orfn -Jcox eH fxr{dreir ranraVaduo p1 eltdoQ oJh ,oHarsonercd 'qJlox * tr4 IsI^IaJJrrJutreVolrunoudarorquhiox lal4Heflotqrotl -w eH oJoHHeaoHJo'eVoJalr,toJoHsrel4[auc ot
tt
e.Lel.HerUy!Ne)14HexenoLtg
32
Ocreouurerpauhe B
ee paBHoMepHoropaclpeAeneHuqs. flpz pyunoM Bar.rrrr4BaHr.rr{Br{HToBnpoqHocTb coeAr{HeHngBapbHpyeT; rlpr4 I4c[oJIb3oBaHI4r4 MexaHl{qecKlrx r.rHcrpyMeHToB(r"rrro.{efi) IrMeer MecTo paBHoMepHoepacnpeAeJreHpre Harpy3xr4', orrrr4MaJlbHylo Berr4r{uHyxoroport onpeAenl4TbcJ'Io}KHo,T. K. orcyrcrBylor oAHoBHaqHbre reoperl4r{ecKr,Ie peKoMeHAauuu.Pexolrenlautau no Qnxcaqr4r4MocroBr{AHoro [pore3a hnrr o1t4no.IHofixopoHKI4 Ha OTTOpHOM Br,rHTe C IIOMOIIIbIO Cneqr{aJrbHofo
Br{HTO-
Boro aJIeMeHrac cutoir. BparrleHrrss 10 HcM ocHoBaHbrHa reopru{ o roM, arro Hafpy3Ka MoMeHTa'BparrreHr4s e 10 HcM (r. Hl4xte rpaHr{rlbr pacr.rlxeHr4.sBr{HToBoroaJreMeHTa e. ro.IKI4, KorAa Har{I4Haerc"f,flocro;lHHafl 4e$opuaqna, a npoqHocrb crlcreMbl He yBeJTurlunaerca),rlogToMy BI'IHTHe JIoMaerc"flto. tr4ccregoyaHr{s, frpoBeAenHblein vitro, oAHaKo, rroKa3aJil4,
qTO OIITI4MaJIbHa.g CI4JIa BpaIqaIOilIerO
MOMeHTa MO-
xer 6lrrr Bbr[Iett. B peay"nnrarereoperluecxllx r4ccJleAoBanufi in vitro ycranoBJreHa BaBr4cr{Mocrborrrr,rMaJrnnoftcu"ntr Bpauarculero MoMeHTaBI4HToBoroa.rreMeHTa Z or ero MexaHur{ecK}rxcsoficrn.
Euouexanuqecnue csoficrsa [pore3oB Ha 14, a raKx(e QynxrlnouaJrbHas Harpy3xa B rroJrocrr4pra usyrrarr{cb c noMonlbro reoperl4rreccr4xlt KoMlblorepHbrx MoAeJIeIZ, ncnolb3yIOlqIIXCs,B nepByIO OqepeAb,Arg- aHaJrv3a3Tr4xcJIo)IcHbIX senenvi4 kr ux BJrr4frlurrs. Ha o6lacm I4 - xocrr. B pesynrrare l{ccJleAosauufi cSoprrly"rrnpoBaHbr peKoMeHAa :q:r,kr,a rarxte lonyareHa uH$oprtraqnrr [o KoJrruecrBy vT, ycranaBJrrrBaeMbIX Ha 6ezsy6ofi \reJrrocrl4,rro BJrr4.rrHr4io nyroo6pa3Horo pa3MeIIIeHr4.rr e"ntrx 14 B cpaBHeHr.ruc rrp.flMbrM(p[c. 7a n b) c uenblo 6onee orrrr,rMa"rrbHoropacnpeAerrenua Synrquoiralnnoft uarpysKra, rrepeAaeaeMofi or pa3rflr{Hbrx KoHcrpyxuufi IlporesoB na 14 u Kocrbt'-'u. Eo"rrrruoe BHrrMaHI4e 6u"no yAe,reHo rarcKe Ll3yr{eHr4ro xcesarerbHofi Harpy3Kr4sa VT. Ec,ru uarpy3Ka npr4JraraercsHerrocpeAcrBeHHoHaA W, uweer Mecro KoMfipecc?rg(Aaerenze); narpysKa B rpyr[x yqacrxax [pr{BoAr.rrK pacr.flxeH]aro (puc. 8). flpu uaruruvLr pacrsrtrBaroilIl{x cvr 14, pacrono-
Pr,rc.6. Onoonurfi 14co cnovauHbrMOuKcr4pyrou{nM B14HToM npoTeSa BCneACTBhenpeBbrueHht ero MexaHfit{ecrcofi narpysrn.
Harpysra cynpacrpyKrypbl
ohHaxbrced
medwedi.ru
'otqrcoHtrouoH ccrafid -rfcHouwo) e)eAdJeH 'vnHwr u6 -tsdu ou o|qHHexououced 'A a1 EcbelnoBduuo'cl.coilroh o{igfia -sag eH edtu)AdrceduAg 'qZ'cI€
HeHHOheot|.r))O
I ,
'eeerodu oJoHy[eq.caH A)eAdl -eH crbHl,tduxtcHgocouc '|y' xqn -douo xrqusexououced oHqurs -edu noucl4h n|14lnou{srcresro@ c qrcolroh or{gAeeeg eu uutu,{d -lcHo) ge)cehrfouol-do' e ctu L'
'vl\ B4HO -odu w -Henou
t
\ ouHeuseL/
Erel.Heuur{u e)fi Hexehlol4g
34
OcreorHrerpaqhfl
B croMarororilu
Prc. 8. Beprurarunanu ropt soHTanbHag Harpy3Kl4, OAHOBpe-
geftcrBytouneHa nporeg naenHo c onopofiua lrl.
)KeHHbrrle6nnsu npfiJlaraeMofi Harpy3KlI, lICnbITbIBaeTKOMnpeccmo (lasreHue); Vl, yilafieHHble or Mecra AeficrBl,Is pacTqrurBaroilIl4xcInJI, rroABepfarorc"fl pacr.firl{Baloueft Harpy3Ke (puc. 9)'u. flocrogsno no.sBJlslorcx ny6nvxaqrlll c HoBbIMtI pe3yJlbTaraMlr aHaJII,fBaQynrcquona.nrnoft HarpysKl4 14ee BlrlT"sr'lrs. Ha "noBe4eHLre"W, KoHTaKTI{pymuuxc noBepxuocrblo cy[pacrpyKrypbr. Oco6oe BHr4MaHlIeB arl,Ix rIccJIeAoBaHIaaxo6pauqeHo Ha AHAJII{3:
medwedi.ru
'(BeHHoJql{aho qJco}I BeHsrexr.rJdouaVr ,r.{Jcollrah4auxdaa eH 'daruudueu; HehoJeJcoVaH r4Jcolr I4orc KrqHsyexurdox 'yoy wtue\nal{eed rrV wouHedgraa ,aJJarnrs eVroy ,aehztrc wor s srr{HxraHeosrr{row rulrargodll .sresodr4eos:odu on -)Kohr raJcou aorc woHqrrexr4Jdox a tr4 ouanedraJr{r4oeJJo
fiHe)l
roHrco) tst4HorneWEg l4t30HXOy\tog
'draVeed .{woHxea rtwore ou qJrah nnlewdoQuu amqyog oHx{ow ue}r -r{rou oHx{es qHaho 'oJoHHaxorgr4emlss sI4 oHVus uey '74 ,naH c rnfnuddnwxowuo)! -Oxa xnlIZKW n X1q?LLAJOX BUJCqOqJ Xnx1ahrufixaw oeaaodu nnHargowoztn ndu xnHHqsot -qrrouon' gorondawow raig gwlnogj xrr?tJahnHDJcah[
a
-oo -nd
D€AUI
ee.L
tr4 oHoaxDH n rtnHatvotroucpd ,Deutcahntroy Itogoi frgtraw soaHaHouwov nxsoJoundu nacounol -odu pcpxdox sa)nosl rnlrcahnHoraw n nndwawoal nxt frdzou nnho tntroxor n 6nHanI o duou, nunnnr ag
Z leIHeUUwIA
9t
a a
a a
'e>eAdtes Eefnole: -rjcrced -LeAErcXoU tA urcoZ -xdosou {ecs ou r 1 4 euodor: 'eea-Lodu KoHcreheey{ eH 4ed., {rcHcuercrts eu A>eAdleHorAssr: -l4ccoduhlo) reeueoc 1 7 .rr{d>o: lHar.'ror/! t4ulnae9nsq71 .6 cHc
L TeLHeUUV\ttA
e1el.HeUUWilE)ilHeXehlohg
,. JO
Ocreonnrerpalliln B croMarororilLl
Errrro 6rrr n4earnHo, ecJrr46nr uoxno 6nrno cruuyJll4poBarb Kocrb x o6paeonaHr{ro Boxpyr IzI rcopruranrnofi rrJracTrrHKr4,no4o6Hofi Lamina dura, oxpyxaCIuert ecrecrBenHbre ay6u. I4wetorcs. KruHurrecrze coo6uleHl4rl o MecrHoM o6paaonaHr{r KocrHofi rraura [ocJre BarroJrHenl4.rr 3a:l<]rBaroqefi pauu AeMr4HepaJrlreoeanHofiKocrbro. B raxrax cJryrrasx KocrHiur Marpr4ua cnyxr4r xax 6u arcKyMyn.{roportlSanropoB pocra, B roM rrr4cJrerpaHc$opnrrlpyroulr4x (TGF-B), cnoco6nrrx BJrlrflrb Ha MecrHbrfi pocr r
gBn.flIOIIII4eCg CocTaBHbIMr4 SJIeMeHTaML{ Cy-
nepceuericrea TGF-8, cnoco6Hrrlrr{ Bbr3brBarl o6paaonanue Hosofi Kocrr,r,B ro BpeMs-KaKApyrue $axroprr pocra roJrbKo crr,rMynr4pyror ee pocr''. Cnoco6nocrr TGF-B r4 Apyrrlx $axropon pocra, HarprMep, BbrAeJreHnbrxrae rpou6orll{ToB, yryr{marb ocreor,IHTerparlnrc orKpbrBaer HeorpaHl4r{eHHble Bo3Moxnocrvr gJrs 6yAyuII4x r.IccJleAoBauufi. Peay"rrbrarbr rlepBbrx r,tccae4onanrafi npoAeMoHcrpr{poBanr4cnoco6nocrb ar}rx cy6crauqrari Bbr3brBarb 14 rroAAepx(rrBarb Kocreo6pasonanuets. florpnrrr4e orr,rrrru $axropaMr4 pocra a,rJrorrJracrr.rr{ecKr4x W nossonwr npoBOAr.rTb I4X yCTaHOBKyB yr{acTKax, rAe Kar{ecTBocoxpaHr4Bllnefrcs.rocrnofi TKaHr4o6nr.{Ho r4cK-rrmqaernpnuenenue I4. tr4cno"rrnsoeanue o6rrqHofo ocreoreHr4na(no"nyveHHoror4B KpynHoro poraroro cxora) B aKcnepr4MeHTa,rbHo co3AaHHbIX 4eSexrax cBo4a rrepela y 6a6yunon no3BoJrr.,rJro ycr4nr4rbpereHepaur{ro Kocrnbrx rxanefi no cpaBneHzro c KoHTponbHbrMI4 )KIrBorHbIMI4,fAe ocreoreHl,IH He rlpl4Meng.Jrcfl.tn. Dror xe 6eror B correraHl4l,rc KonJIareHoM I runa Bbr3brBa-[6onee 3Haqr.rre"rrbHoe o6paaoBanr,rexocnroli TKaHr4B He3axtr,rBaroulux 4e$exrax cBOAaqepena y xplrc''. KorAa sror 6erox [pr{MeHsJrr,rB coqeraHlrr,l c rxApoKcr4arraTr4ToM, pe3yJrbTaTbr 6:urnvtHe croJrb ttlnoroo6eqalolul,IMl4, T. K. KoJrJrareHrlo cpaB-
medwedi.ru
'9 t t-90t :8:t66t slueloull rulal-buolol celolllxe!\pro I lul (ulnlo3 sensslluellnC) ;1enrruns ele sluouodt'uocalempleq ureq letluolod lnoqlfn elqea6ueqclelul, 'tuelsAslelut o^llelolsei eql so,op,l3:.i9 leLll.o^equelclullc tr"ldrl 'H8 oue-l '3 's 3urluolcsleqM 'fg uasuolsllqc s!/v\ol Aqdunlgcyl 'e69-989:29:6861 luoo loqlsold|.'luouele leurelull':!iY scllsuolceieqclolsuell tYl: e ro p16ue qyn lueldutl leluep e lo'4n1 'y3 AqdLunlgcyl 'f-l ru6edr"ueS uoslolad eql lo uoslledulocV 'tle-69t:9:066L 'ieqlosqe lcoqs lueldLulleurolul slueldLulcelolllxe4 lelo I iul 'fU 'V ueudeqC ]uerlrsore qllMsoclol lesnlscoul suollellen t'lcsll) ,BLI 'ouoqreloa^lP6op ut ac:ol lno -vLLiBV'4661 6.rngcelo;lrxe6lelg f 1o q16ue1 -lr.o eie,-u-nrn uo iiuelotu! leluep poleoc-e111ede1AxorpAq 'Sli{ )col8 pue le e|.r]elp ]o lca$a oql 9y! louo]uol pue y ope01e6 'uoltnqlllslp 'L ssojlsuo sioo$e t. IelO lolueldLul l-9:91:0661y{31 leuolsu€tulp ;o srsA;eue relouretO:slueldulretrrledeAxolpAq 'A 'tll e}!qsns}ey! t.{o}l) -oMI t nbnsleng 'H epoll ') elnzll^ '6tt-tet:t:6861 s1ue1du1 cetollXey\| 'euoq rr^eteql ul uoltnqlllslpssells oql uo sdeqslupldujl lero r lul 'n zsollos 'q 1ebe15 lo ocuonllutot-llto suolle6tlsenutleclreunN 'VZ-lZit:886tqueldurlcelolllxenlelq I lul 'slueldutunluelll 'l 'g qOnotpue peqiffooiol sonbiol le^ouou uossll€lqlv uossueC
L
'9
Y
'v
,z ' l
edfuedarrY
'hlamgaHqre(s,14r?qJ€hdsl4rfvdg'I4I4II€dJorHI4oaJ -3O XI4 V UI tsr4HAVaI4}I{eS Itrv eJsod SodorxeQ xI4J€ al4Heso€ a14nodl4m']II^IIqH -qlf orrJl4 JOesIqdXJOaIqdoJOX' UJcoHXOI,rlSoS -sredvHoxovH€ J orr4HaHsedc ou Isvodl4dll 4oHsreI^IIIXHOe -ahl sorBJHeIf IrsI{edJ WA:uaIIStlJKildU rgaltodu 4I',IXOCIqaaelrog xI',iJ€ exrrHr4lfll S 4ISI^IaeroIIfgeH JaItH)Hqgo erJod sodoJxe+ hlah esJsahI4IrON auHahl4lregA'?zqJsOX tseHqlredvHOXOvH€ 'IqNI'IXHa€aN tI4 Bclrert 'U-CCI lr II-CCI emsrog Juu{daVoc 'rz)IoHl4sc -sr4ssed 'qr3ox oJh 'oHaxttdeugo orlqg oHsevoH xlqJ€hg.{dJ xgIJOll xrqrcodes x14)rJHereyot xtqsolr4rdex 14jqnI4HrloxyeH oII4HAIrIlfoJlt s l4Herr {loHJJOv OlI4HeSOSedgO gou4n eHI4Ird3I{I414 (U-dCOd) eresosrogorour'(I-CCI) -ogwodr €I4 xIqI{HaIIeVIqs'eJcod aodorxeQ rullelrl4ghiox 'raradeQlldau oll ]rJ3ox esJleh -I4IrOr OJomsrogal{ I4 I'{He}IJ IltOHiIrau{HI{vAOJ r'uauneaoged -go t ovuyoxodu ar4Harar4x{es, wvHefloYeII)J!7 ltatnf,vlqvadu 'xoJaIr]I BI{Hax xlqJual4dtraH A s xlqHJosl4xc xlsuqrodrgox 'eH -olrJo BIrtr qJJoHxdasou orduu,{rcoV ealrog ltesl4harrcago -r4HaJoaJOo Jxa+Q€ raesl4rl4c,{ rrorvrretfeuJxodVl'IJ c oII4HeH
ErerHelrul ltl e)hHexel^oilg
s ffioJ€o[ 'soJHaurIB[ reHodolc oa u tI x cedarnra codeca irunanar oJollaahllJolforehtoJc eVotaw oJogoH otuHeHefldr druonodum aartog or€flosJtgocoilc BrrrerwrvleY eusYarcor souu[Hladu auHaVxdasrVou aoHndeg s rar4lredrarHr,roaJco 'r-lnng ordHneeoucogo oundeu rur'drou uurredrerurr -oeJJo VoJaI^r14 'xtsrlolvar' xlsgrteeog g xlqHHolraoHetcd '1' rrauegoVercrtr{ erqHqlrarraxroVodu IqHatrosodu urreg ulaneci-eJHr{oaJJoeuult]Il4du ruIraVxdaffVou rr[''zoIqHe]IJ I4oH -Jco)r J I4 oJogoHeJI{J aI4I{aHIrVaocaonereuonlrxudQ lt eor. -ddrurtdrc aolrrrdu ltcJe€sl,IhaucagoeV:ou '%gg s - 4anxdae eH I4I4IIeJHerul,\l: eH :%96 s Kcreesl4HelloL{JJoIvehI^4aH}I{t4H xauef l^uar'udg 'erd umorou s qresodusolt[xsdQ onmeuc.'rdrow W souufiHzdu xnxcahl4Jolro]rg xlqHHaraVeduo uuu -eVorrgoc udu o*''neaodl4dtcuoneVodu {J€IrraugJg soVo-l x-g9 aHraVedacg',raulredrerulloaJco IflIIIua[tHox qcelrl4srou 'I-'d xrqdorox erersrrtead s '(Iu4IIasm) Ie le >lJ€IxeugJg r^rnr4HesoYavccuvdeYoJelrg ltoeedgo hllsHseuJ ormoetlodu oJe 'wocodersu hu,Imqlrog qtoIrI4HaI^tJtr4 x soJJI4renIIouJ 'elICEou ar,rHamoHJoaolrcehl,IilIollo JoIr 97 alamYemodu eg aurddv 'arnqned scl4lresrahedtf, y1 uuVo xex ]IeJ 'I,'uqHx{orl orlsrosoV rilqg nkrYreilI€rrwn eonrodg 'tI vrrlr'aHal,trlrdlorox -cahI{HI,IIf}Ioronodum l4JcoHxohr€ogx soJororehloJJ egJcHI4m -qrrog ar4r{amoHJoao}Ilahr4ruax3 rIasolrodgo'rr 096]-0g6i s nuIreJH€rlI4I,r qtoHqIreJHaVexaucd r.safiodu ljtuxoclssaH
doozzey 'E IaeqJrW
sorerHerrunm xtq8orodildrAFre onHoHotrdu
9
t.,,r:ji.f:
tft': l:-if ::, :..::.t
40
OcreorHterpat4t4gB croMar o Jlornv
XXI eexe rlMrr,TanTarlu.snporlHo norZ4er B croMaToJrorlr_ r{ecKyro[paKTr4Ky. Bnyrpnporonrre Z rac[oJrb3yrorcs nperrMyrrlecrBeHHo rrpu 3aMerrleHr4r4 orcyrcrByrorqux sy6on (puc. 10), no 14 Moryr Taxxre ycnerrrHo rrpr4MeHrrbc.sB Kaqecree enxcaropoB rrpr4 opToAOHTI{tIecKoM "rreveHult, npoTe3}IpoBaHr{I4 qepelHo_ JII,IIIEBbIX 4CQCXTOT
I,{ 3AMEIIICHVII
CYCTABOB I{CTOBCKA. W
r{c[oJrb3yror 14B coqeranrru c pa3rnqHbrMt Br4[aMLa xocrnotZ TpaucrlJranTarprll Ar"s yBerl4rlena.s o6reMa KocrHofi rraura Jroxa I4..E:';^rrpaspa6oran coBeprrrenno nonrrft MeroA pe[a_ paqlzr4 xocrnofi TKaHr4 c [pr{MeHeHrreM U (urror"qr" xocru), rasnecrHrrrlKaK Mero4 HanpaBrenHorZ pereuepaurar4 rxaHerZ.
fiorpe6nocrb B .qeHTaAbHOfr nMnnaHTautAu
Heo6xolnuocrb K"rrrrHlrqecKoronprrMeHeHrz x 14 o6yclon_ "rrena 6onrurrnM r{r4croM orcyrcrByroqr4x sy6on y pu6orur_ rr{rrx B'pocJrbrx r4 rreHcrroHeponn cIlIA, KOTOpaq 6rtra nrrsBJreHarrpv oilpoce, [poBeAeHHbrMr 19g5_g6 rr. Haquo_ r4HcrrrryroM croMaro"[orr4qecxr{x trccnegouanwit Il1ru":tr CIIIA. no ecerZ crpaHe c rleJrbro BbrrBJreHr,'r lorpe6nocrrz n Ilpore3r4poBauhu sy6on. IIo 4aHnnrM err,rx rrccJreAoBanr,tfr., n 1986 roay rrI4IrIb l0% naUuegroB B Bo3pacre or 65 4o 69 ner, 26% B Bo3pacreor 55 no 64 ner, 32% B Bo3pacre'o,r45 ao 54 rrer u 50% s Bo3pacre or 35 rc 44 Jrer He ,ry*4ur".u B nporesrrpoBauvrw. V 6o"mnrefi. qacru HaceJreHr4.s CIIIA s Bo3pacre craprle 35 ner Ha6,rm4a"nocbqacrr4r{Hoe orcyrcr_ nue ay6on, r{To .rlBr.srocb IIoKa3aHIaeMK rIMrIraHTauI4I4. IIo caitluru ocropo)KHbrMnoAcr{erau, norpe6nocrb B op_ roneAr4qecnoM JreqeHrlu ay6on B Hacro.stqee BpeMs na 3g% Bbrrrre, qeM 25 Jrer roMy Hasa4; yAoBJrerBop]rrb ee rroJrHoc_ rbro K 2000 ro4y HeBo3MolnHo.Iloerouy BHarrurerbHo Bo3_ pacrer poJrb AeHTa"nrHofirlMrrnaHTaur4r4. flo Aaunnru Chester Douglass, sr4cJro "nroAeriB Bospacre craplne 65 ner x 2030 roly ysbra.rvrrcs c 27 Oo 64 vnn_ nr,roHoB;qt4cJro[aur{euToB c no;rnorl agenrnefi. (e Hacroxnlee BpeMs nx 33%) yMenbrrrrrcs K roMy )Ke roAy ao !5%r. On_ narco Qaxu4qecxoe qucro nr4u, Hyx{Aaroqr{xc"s B rroJrHbrx
m edwedi.r u
,i,
:. t i
trL
'eVBd oJoIIg{€ IsJxaQeY eIqHhoHI4VO; 'a lsoVrd xruugde rtrxaQaV arssanHoxr{ eIqHI{ahoIIr)Ig u rnuxdas atsgltesag '. :r,rJJorrahBnH)r{r4H :I'JJO]T
-sts VI xrrugde xlsgorodudrdns oll4Hauartudu .{noxeannsur:, v r4wtsr,IHe€exolf'BrrHeeoduearodx weVoJaln[I^uqHhlqgoIqsIt-endarsre asrcehex s tr4 ar.IHoHawudurcrardnmred 'rr4Ha:, -er rqJeJsrdead 4raxrehr4roJr€ r4 {rrquqreHoufxud$ xIalfloieq -Llhaucogo 'xrer'u(rc xIqHXorfJ s ri ercllh htoJ a 'p1 otuuet -oeqrouJl4
)I BI,IHeS€XOU eIqAOH OCS I'CJOII'TSTOII
'ItCJeeSHi-
-urasrt r{r4JorrorehroJc s tr4 xruaorodudrrtna enuanawudll 'IdI{eileJJ
4iouaed s Iarcedrss oHv{roV vurueYe I4oHhrrJJeF-
eo)rcahrrHurxdvor 0002 x 'uunesodlie ndl y1 ar.rsasawndu
-arodu s tscoJerfioleVx.{g'tsI4HelfeceHeaJcahl{Irox I{IdHahHl' -agd r^{oweeVuxoud11 'aoVrd xrsug.,te r
XIq]
-17 aaI
-v aJ3 -go -col
%
-d
.JJ:
s \ q)u
9 69 s' s. 4r -oI4 -Iqs -OI -sol
'4 '4odfu>AdrceduAc c eu 4odouoc eruodoxBpeoror 'e)heuuo) 'nlrs ur c vl '5une(]ytcBeHuoxcH e)soHBrc^ il rHeNeue4rsur,ndora ,,orornorbushxee,, xo)m^uJee-wo1Hila :o€edueH eseuC'h fosor.Hl4s tsuereorqHsoHcg'0['o4d eu 4odouoc egAeuvuodo>cr4HousoroJen frqHqueccoVHe 14trl BLll -eri I4IjE
4o 14 -oH
ud rdr nd -!TJ(
LV
soJ-erHeuur!fixrqeorodHd-r^He euuelanrdg
42
OcreorHrerpaqhq B croMaronorhu
FlorHaqaAeHrile
fleprlre pa6ornr s o6nacrw ocreor,rHTerp'unv rro*a3anr4 BosMo)r(Hocrb ycrreluHofo frpl.{MeHeHr4x14 ua no,nnoctnro 6essy6oft r{errocrrl B KaqecrBe npeAoprorreAr4qecxoro xr.rpypru_ qecnofo BMelrrareJrbcrBa,Kor4a B pegynbrare pesop6quu yrparreHa 6o,rtma.s qacrb anbBeoJrspuororpe6nt, u-o6stu_ HbIe MeroAbr opro[eAurlecKoro "[er{enr4ll nea$$errnnnu (pprc. 11). Sror MeroA JTer{enr.,r"s qaqe lpuMeHserc.s Ha uraxnerf r{eJIIOCTI4, OAHaKOMO)Keryc[errlHo r{crro,rrb30Barbc.fl I4 Ha Bepxnefi .{errocrl4, oco6enHo ltplr ne6"naronptr;{THblx yc"rloBr{.{xA,rr"gl43foroBJreHr.IgcbeMHbrx npore3oB. flepcnexTr4BHbIeIr peTpocneKTr4BHbre rrccJreAoBaHr4s IrpoBeAeHHbIeB pasHbrx fpynllax rarlpreHToB, noATBepAZ.nil wvpoKr{e Bo3_ MOJKHOCTIT
IIMNNAHTAUI{H,
OCO6CUUO
[P}I
OPTOIICAI4I{CCKOM
JreqeEr4kr nauI4eHToBc no,rHoIZaAenrueri3,s. Vcranosra tr4 e nepe4nrrx orAerax qerlocrr.,r npr4 rroJruoM orcyrcrBr'ilr sy60n o6ecne.rr4saerHaAeIrHyro pereHrlr{ro c:beMHoro [pore3a Aaxe B yqacrxax co 3naqrrreannorl yrparolt KocrHbrx rxaneri, KorAa nolxe nporesa orcyrcrByer. C noMorr{broro'{uoft ycraHoBKr,r5 uriu-6 ?I na oAHoft unw o6eux 6esay6rrx r{errocr.{x Moryr 6nrrr cos4aHbr ycJroBrrfl rJrs Lr3roroBJreHlr.s nrrcoxoSynrcqnona-rrrnofi cylpaKoHcrpyKrlr4rr (puc. 12). flo"nnoe BoccraHoBJIeHI,re Bepx'er? lr nuxuefi .Ierlocreri c IIOMOIIIbIO
KOHCTPYKIII4Iz C ONOPOft iiA
14 NP:u- NPABI,IJIbHOM
enr6ope o[opnbrx aJreMeHroB6yaer cnoco6creo"uru yoyo_ IIreHr4IorIcr4xoSMour4oHaJIbHOrO COCTO.'rHI4s 60,rlnoro, noBbr_ clrr xou$opr npr4 noJrb3oBaHwusy6wwv [pore3oM, yny.{_ IIrr,ITBHeIIIHUitsvl [arJraeHTa.
Lfacruqna+aReHTnn
3y6unre 14 wcnonnsyrorc.fl kr AJrs.3aMerrlenr,rs Ae$exros sy6nux psAoB (prac. 13). Tun, paalreqenr.{e14orropa ,rpor"_ sa nrr6nparorc.f, B 3aBr,rcrrMocrr4or KoHKpernori Hanprauep, B c"[yqae orcyrcrBra.s r{eHrpa"rrbHororz"^ryir1rr. 6oxosoro peauoB Ha nepxnelZ rrerrocrrz cynpaKoncrpyKurl.s uoxer $ux_ cr'rpoBarbc.s roJrbKoHa HMnJraHTarax.flpu saiueulenuu60,ree o6ruvpnux 4e$exroe oAr4H KoHeu cyrpaKoncrpyKr{r4r4 Mo_ xer $uxcr,rpoBarbc.s Ha coxpaHlrBrrreMcs sy6e. l4cno./Tb3oBa-
medwedi.ru
' BHgedr oroHdBuoascueuweuav -10 l4wl.r80)o914'14t4hlt4)cuo)coH huh BN^eU Atrxonr foHHalney'l -ou '4o)[/e9 6o]aesfiheucogo 6r4h -Hor-ed 'lA eH We+Hesodilc)ilO -ee 'eorodu {rqHWeq.C'Zl 'cvtd
. -i
-I -I -I hI a
n X -U
-h
ht 'qrcorlroh orotHxl4Ho^g^e -Eog eH 4 eH eerodu r4rcHUuaol -cor.,rrrcH!.{ocrc oHsonc^ 'l I 'c14d
I.{( -t(
s -)Il
xr B) E IqI -hI
ur -t4 -t€
-€
sol.erHeru!!u xrceorodudrAne euueuenrdg
44
Ocreounrerpaqrg B croMaronorvtu
Hr{e B noAo6Hbrx cLrTyal\r4sx o6lll{Hrrx cbeMHbrx 74JrU HecbeMHbrx rrpoTe3oB cB.fl3aHOC pgAoM [po6neM, Harrpr{Mep, Bbr3BaHHbrx Soprrlofi KopHeft 3y6oB, rpaHfir{aulr4x c AaHHbrM yaIaCTKOMTIeJIIOCTI/I, kIIM COCT OflHI{eM [apOAOHTa. V naqneuroB c rracrr4rrHofi aAeHTr4efi qaue Bcero r4Meror MecTo oAHocTopoHHI,re r4JII,I AByXCTOpOHHI4e KOHTIeBbIe Ae$enrrr. C.noxuocrra BoaHr4naror r4 npr{ Hatr:zrrrr4lraHaroMr.rqe-
crr4x oco6ennocreft raftMopoBofi rra3yxr4 u N.alveolaris inferior. 3naqr,rre.nrnar pesop6tryts. anneeorurpHoro rpe6Ha nnu 60nruralr rariMopoBa rra3yxa Mofyr rroJrHocrbror4cKJrroqr4TbycraHonry IzI n 6oxosrrx orAenax nepxnefi .{er}ocrr4. V Hexoropbrx naur4eHToBo6reivr KocrHbrx rxanefi e o6nactvr KJIrIKoB la e 6oKosblx orAeJlax qeJrrocrrr Mo)Ker 6rnn aoBoJrtHo 6orbruIrvr, rrosroMy e o6racrn [epBoro ]4JIr4BToporo [peMoJrspoB Mo]r(HopasMecr?rrbIr1. Bncora aJrbBeoJrspHoro rpe6ru Ar4craJrbHee KJrbrKao6ruHo MeHee10 urr,r(pvc. 14). qracJro 3ro orpaHraqr,rBaer vr rvrrt ycraHaBJrr4BaeMbrx W. B nucraJlbHbrx 6oxosrrx orAe"rrax,nepxnefi qeJrrocrrz (o6nacrr 6yrpon) o6reu xocruoli rxanra qacro AocraroqHbrfi, no ona fiMeer ry6varyro crpyKrypy, ficKnroqaroqyrc Ha4e)Krryro ocreor4HTerpauuro. flpu uarulvfir,r oarenb n_rrornoft Kocrrr y Processus pterygoideus u B Beprr{KaJrbHoMorAeJ're Os palatinum, AficraJrbnee 6yrpa, ycJroByrs.1^rs. vrMTrJraHrarllrra nYtrlret. Ha nlrxneri .Ierloc:rn crenxr,r HwlcHer{errocrHoro KaHaJra o6nr.Ino qerrco BlrAHbI Ha peuTrenorpaMMe, u qacro o6reu ra IIJIOTHOCTb
KOCTI4 HAA HI4)KHCTICJIIOCTHbIM
KAHAJIOM
.trBJI.'IIOTCS
g.Jrs. ycranoBKr{I4 grrunoit T, l0 n aaxe 13 Aocraror{HbrMr4 MM(pnc. 15). IIpn ycranoBKeVI s sa1rruxorAenaxsuxuefi qeJrrocTr4TpyAHocTb3aK-rlloqaeTc.g B HeAOCTaTOqHOM AOCTyne, r{ro orpaHr,rr{r4BaerAnr4Hy Hcnonb3yeMnrx LI. C rouru speHr4s npore3vpoBanns, VI ne cneayer pasMerrlarb Ar4craJ'rbHee BToporo Mor.spa, ecJrr4oH errle coxpauurrcs.. KorAa o6:neir,r KOCTI4 HaA
HT4XHeqeJIIOCTHrIM
KaHaJTOM HeAOCTaTOqeH,
W
Mo)nHo ycraHoBurrb c gsrrqnorZ croponbr HepBa. OAnaxo A-ng o6ecneqeH[.r npouuori 6uxopruxa"nrHofi @ilxcaquu rr HaAexnofi ocreorrnrerpaquu BepxyrrrKa tr4 4olxna BxoAr,rrb B npoTlrBonono)KHyroKopTr4KaJrbHyro KocTb.
medwedi.ru
'l4tcortr -ah !{euouro !tilHyee ) xuHuod -au ro r4uHeusedueHa lA AHttld ot^Hht4ueedeH onHer'luHs olt4-t -edgo'sl-ccrol-emot/ls xl4)cehrl -dAdraxxrqHquort4Hllououee9 Ll erHeuenudu roesnhuHedlo'fox -Aeeu 4oeodot feJ uou oHHes -rctsedcoues 4ouuexououced 'vl 'ct 'r4He)lJ. d [oHrco) hleqgo
sqJ -eH BITY
w htaq( aaH
-ad 'aild KeH
ttr I'3JO I4 N
eve r4r,r
so 'tsgAeetsuuearcorce tscomm -eilHedxoc bcl6uoss eH oHhlcgo sorodu E 't4rcoluah{oHxl4H l4rc -eugo s eUBd oloHg^e eoteQeu vlosohHo) vtdu lA eA 4odouo c 'el 'ctld eerodu {tcHul48orcoY!
f,u oiln eHo qJc
-w '(v OJOI
oJo
-ov UIJT 1 \ v
-o{r vHg srJ -ehI
-av JOI
I^Uq 'dal I4VU
9V
soterHeuuhll4xtqeorodfid]IHsot4HsHev'ludU
46
OcreouurerpaurflB croMarororuh
a,lbBeonqpHb|]4 inferior. 9ro6ut ne TpaBMupoBaTb Prac. 15. Ioranilgaqrag yl, y.{l4TblBaouanronorpa$rro N. a|veolaris BoloKoH' MilHtlMyM1 ryrrrl1 AO nyqKaHepBHblX qro6u He OHu AoXOAnnu rar, J4 y.r"*nrr3ru HepB, peKOMeHAyeTctl
KaK ilpaBrrlto' vrcAfls saluleueHl4s HecKoJIbKI4x 3y6oB, r{4cra ycraHaBnl4rroJrb3yloT 2 unn 6o'nee IzI. onpe4eJIeHI'Ie qacrblo nnaHI4poBaHI4g ollepaBaeMbrX VI ginnse'tc.g BalKHofi C onopoft r\!rvr, ecJrr4 I43foTaBJIIrBaeTc.s cylpaKoHcTpyKlil{fl 3y6oB' roJrbKo :f{af 6$ BKJIIOqeHI4gcoxpaH[BIrII4Xcs Ha 14 u Moxuo I43roroBl4rb cynpaKoHcrpyKlll4lo c otropofi cvryarJvrs MocoxpaHLIBIIIVecs 3y6br. oAHaKo KJII{HI4qecKaA Hanputuep ', ecrrl )Ker I4CKJIIOqI,ITbraKoft BapI4aHT "Iler{eHl4.fl' IrMeIor oAI4Halpenapl4poBaHHblfi ecrecrBeHHatit' ey6 v W se 3y6HOKOBbIe HanpaBJIeH],'tfl't AJjS'I43TOTOBJIeHII'IHecbeMHofo onplrgru'fi ( 3Hro npoTe3a fioTpe6ylorc.fl AOnoJIHI{TeJIbHr'Ie Mep paAI'IKaJIbHOfO }I3MeHeH}',Is AOAOHTI4qecKoeJTer{eHI4eC UeJIbIO alacrtr 3y6a) ' Pasuas rIoABIlxcHanpaBneH?Is KopoHnoBoft
medwedi.ru
LV
wdu 1r4soJHehrer€ xrqHr'radolg ouafiyddrcuo)r eH r4wr4lrtolrl4ra 'zwedorue$ r4hrrqHlres rawurfdfi' 14 rqJ]rer{ere arsHh,uC -oJs erqHhr4reedrquerogedeed p1 eu Wodono c grunxr(drcno:. -edudc rsl.rdoQ u aodaweed uunamonJo s r{uHe€rogedrxux; -ahHJaJr€ 14 xr4xJohr4Jovovrg rpruadograrsoV{ orcran O 'ruHaharr oJoxJahI4JHofG: -II€ qJ3ohtl4VoxgoeHJasotlqs ax{}reJ e 'htal4Holrsedueultrsr -oco oJe vrcw neu\terod uousaraorcdgo 'egf,e tTeuexJ xrqr -daar aredrd l3ousraJr4h€H€n raYaar4dusarodu grqHhr4Joerr,rrlruhraqJalrYou egttt oJoHJxeJHr4 o:oudouo aranesodiadei-adu eVrox '14 xrsugde aranauar,tnd[ nJJaeJr{hc ltlsuanrxa,i -Qe ouuagocg 'aogde xr4Hvacoo rr.rireaodudeuedu sr€xat -gv JatsrroseollI4hteJeJHelrtrwuaorxaQaV xiqHhoHt'IVo ar{Ha= -al^ret'(gl'cud; oueeeuorosrlJodu sogarodu xrqul,uas,ra--_ xlquhlsgo rrV rsdolo asJceher a aogde xr4re or.rHesorqrc--cl.I eVrolt wvu 'zcavdex 14gl^torfrrJorehrr4aH tegrte er4HVeJc: e[rou 'eVJoJ o]regeyou soruadaV xrsHnoHl4VoeuHelflet{€g ' rrrrrr"n nugedr oroHdnroas:q: lsddrHox alql{qrrerur4JroqJr{goHeJJcoBr.{row rsVoJowr,rJ€ 'tr1 J I4I4IIeJahocg alqhtoBnarundu'4aHexJ rnledauarad renn:_' -aedueH nvu/u BuneJHerilcsedr rer{rf,ox JaeV rqr€Jqr,isa: eumodox 'tr4 orslfior,{ouJ orr,rHeaodnearodu {woumaucf xlr: -ordsrcrruadu'aorxaQaV xrnrcehuhroJeHelrr4HesoHxuurost: taamVesudu'4alcox xrqHJoorrrahraraQodre4oudlrmgo ud1 ' rsddrxrtdroedude r4ohreesr4rse J"c-Er4 r4rNtstrreaogadrlt?JorltraVaduo xrsdorox ar4Ha)rcoroure: v IJtrL 'rqJHaware auycarruVeuordo alrldo$ ou ar.rr*,uvted t. -Jol€horrxs oJaH s ecexdeu ur,rHarsoJoreuud11 'wardu lur:,: -ahrrHexeweHeJITrtI4 HeusoJoJtu ogMII 'eseuuJ oJorroHera: sr,rJr4rfro oguv srrsg,Jey{or^rreudey 'drsaware ({woudouc I dr,toHnradorg x urqnaesr4r'ddxradu'ceudey noJeegr4rserc_ -tu 'aog(t oxqroxf,aH oraluorelna:lltet,'p1 eu eeerodu rr[. 'olqJJeh
KoHqrroJHC.:
oJa e 'e€eJodu unll>rrtdrcsox 4aln.{cau rjroudouo orqJteh Jt BJJatsvsB'I4 eu nc4atnorcdlruo''Karanxrtdmsox I BeHHeHrrr= -oo 'eg{e htoHHa€IJJaJJa eI{ euHodox orn 'JoIeJilhJ IqVauorci: -rrJorror?NoJJ alsdoroxell 'rsg,{e arqHHasJOaJJJ n 14 ?.-: Urodouoc eearodu oruHegodr4nrarualcedx urcaaudu rexor\ W xrqnueaodr4drarnraoarcou aogde xrqHHasJcaJta qJ3o--.
-v{r.IsI1 HI4HAHE -H€)
61
-ou9fe -€Hr4v I,trta ' -or{ nr 14'I e Kodolo -edauo -urseHt -xr4 'ov
'HO)OrJ
4rsudru
l l
l
sore.tHeuuyu4 xrceorodhdrAHsohHaHey{r4dU
48
OcreouureTpallrqBcroMarororhm
Puc. 16. Oprone4n,lecKagKoHcrpyKt-lr4nua 14 pnn 3aMeu-[eHrq oAT4HOqHOTO .q,eoeKra.
3aMerueHlrrroAr4Hor{Hbrx4e$exron [epeAH]rx sy6on, sBJr.rrercs yroJr rrx HaKJroHavr HaJrurtr,reMecra u zy6uoit ayre. CyrrlecrByror BTopr4rrnbreaJreMeHrbrVI, na Koropbrx Quncaqul cyrrpaKoHcrpyKrlrrr4 rrpoBoAr,rrcs c rroMotubro oKKJrro3r4oHHoro BI4HTa r4JII4 qeMeHTa.
.I
lzlvnlanrarbtAng Qnrca4uu opTorqoHTfiqecKr4x
annapaToB
Opro4onruqecxr,re ABrz)KeHr4.rr sy6oe ocHoBaHbrHa fipprHIII4[e Bo3BparHo-[ocrynarennnofi cltlIbr, T. K. B rroJlocrll pra orcyrcrByer Bo3Mo)rcHocrncra6rurlnofi $uxcaqnr,r. B Hacro.flrrlee BpeM.rra$Qexrnnnlrpr cnoco6ou Qlrrccaqr{?r[p],r opToAoHTr,rqecKoM nepeMeIrIeHIrI4ey6oo flr;rsercg. utrttuto6unuBar\ns. BepxHr,rx MoJI.rIpoBnpr4 noMorrlr4 BHeporoBorl "ma[o.{Kr4". Els pac[rr4penr,rsBcero sy6noro p.sAa Bepxnefi u uraxnefi qenrocrefi ucrroJrb3ylorcfl W, ycraHoBJreHHbreB AI4craJrbHbrx orAeJlax nuxnefi qe"nlocrr4'. ?I eQ$ercu4BHo npr4MeH.rrrorc.flAn.s KoppeKulrn nepeKpecrHoro npr4Kyca Spotrranrnofi o6nacru [p]r aHoMa,Ir4.f,xIII KJracca 14orcyrcrBr,rr4
medwedi.ru
1
n
6V
ilwel-el-HeIIUt/\il4
J nlAne{Ugh||o) S SOIEIHEUU
-eJH€rrurrredr orsmoworr c Br,rHehar ur,ru€aoduueru ud11 'I4xYerxs vvn nxvewr -en aYus s erHer4[r4had urcox {ror{Jcorreh x rcradducxuQ reJHelrxor{edr 4leur,cou eyrcerrd oJohtoesl4yseHeJ3cos uI4Ir -e€urexor Jo r4Jcowtilzses s ledeuouherc xrraorc.{ s. Vaut -eJcar{e galrrgo Yoil tsxnYosodu r{HexJ r4oHJJo)rBr.rfreJHeru -cuedg 'W wHes.orqrouor4 zdn wrqnmenc,,t aarog nf,rre€ero eeerodu eu{orr oJor{Jcox ruuamndnd Vorar,r rarsrdnrwou6 ' zLeLlr rerencu odtrur arananar,rud rr l4vlr:'rlrHedlo ex or ot on -Jcoy Br,rlrgdoead rcrelnorexroVodu u veudater{ r4rqurloJol -Ife eH xl{xJltht Itu[yeod reusreJulr€ttcoa ,eJelserl #oHBlIJ -cuedr ar4ualfiar{c'orullar€xoc y'rsrersrdead eulnoreln -ogooJor-rr^l regexou oHqrfeheHoadan'lrzreiler.rcnodrzJ) rf€ -udarert grrHuaJorre rcJarrsegoV urcox raounarorde x wod -orou udu'soJeJserucsedr xrsHHesoduHr4gr^rou VoJotrAI
'"%00r
-09 erasercoc euo exodc oJeHJerr[JBudlsox x :%0g oV 0F Jo eJeJrrerrucuedr oJoHJJolr rutrgdoeed eueaodr4cxn|et wru -eher eroon eror esv arqsdau sada6 'oHaurua+QeaH aoJBl. -nenucsedr xrqHrreJohrorordexrsuJJoy arauanawradll .o,oarl -oh€)I ae eH oH 'xnJcolrah qrauxdea v valr.lcu:a eH r,rJtoi osJcahl4lrou qrurruragf oHx{owtog aHlroua,I4HexJ 4OHJf,O-.{ oll4lleJHerucnedr u erd rrJJoro[ nudasWadr dxnrceru oJaffloreJahoc 'eVolaw o-roxcanrardr(dnx ulnowou ud11 'aoearodu ulrfiecuu$ eranemndyf eon -naneds qmflr Joresl4heuoago rsVoJahr alqHsr4Jeadacuoy ' evH€Jahoc xvr vr 4prrrcol,r,rrdddux,rarqHsuJesdecnox :BJJor -BrsB r,rwrquuenedrcoduced eerrogr,r€H .soYorar{ ouqro)rcar{ rsuaxorVadu aogrte raraarcrdcro htol{rorr radu preJcorlrah
t4l4s.
-so -rad -IdIT
u4 -€8,, -uL( -do -eH erd
-szd
-OHH(
tsufr -d3 -JEI'If
-cHedr xHHl-co) 4euxdaa rr r4errxt4H KauQodre 4onuaxedrqs c soJHaralren o14HOHOl414dLlLrr,ruahar udu eeerodn exorr oJor{Jco}r rraHemndrf rr[,
'xexeddren lloHHor,rccaduruox H Uiafin -oresr4JnJJ€dudu eredenue oJo)rJahr4Juovordoedoreculrs egrcohex a aodryornr oJJewa Hesotqroucr4 qrrqg ray{ow trI 'ruoeedgo hrr4)reJ J 007-0Sl 4onez{dreu J ar4Hehareoxtehuf .godrro;i -uoVordo urcaaodu orrr4rosrou DI er4*esotsnoLr:21
soreJ.Heuuwhxtcsorod4d.L^HseilHoHenrhdu
50
Ocreorurerpaqr4q B croMaronorrrl
TOB r4 I4MIIJ'IaHTaTOB HeO6XOAI'IMO peHTreHoJIOfI4rIecKoe oO14 CHI4MKI{, TeJIepeHTfeHofpaMMbI cneAoBaHue (nauopaMHble r. A.)tt't'.
C.ne4yer
yql.rrblBarb
naIII4eHTa ne-
ra cnoco6socrb
peHecrr4 auecre3lrlo 14xlrpyprr{r{ecxylo orrepalll4lo. PercouennaIIUeHTa. COCTOSHI4.{ Ayercs raKxe aP.alrl43rIcI4xI4rIeCKOrO JIo}Ka B KaqecrBe TKaHI'I [-ug o{enrcu o6tevra rocrHofi Lrs xou6unupoBaHHoro KocrHoro rpaHcrlJlaHrara rlpoBoAyrrcs, 14KoMnblorepHa.flrortlorpa$u"q. TuarerbHoro :xJrkrnur{ecKoro o6creAoeaHus. w o6r:.tnblx peHTreHoBcKIrxcHr'IMKoB BIIOJTHe'AOCTaTOTIHO An.fl
rlnaHlfpoBaHl4.fl
Xfipypffir{ecKoro
BMCIIIATCJIbCTBA.
Ilpuueneru{e Kocrublx rpaucrlJraHTaroB B n;r4e HaKJIaAKTT na nraNcuefiqeJlK)crrr B KaqecTseKocrnoro ayrorpaHcrlraHTara qailIe Bcero I4crronb3yercg noAnsAotxHlIfi rpe6enr. BosMoxHrI raKxce TpaHcrlnauTarbl,Bs.flTbleras pe6pa, 6onlure6epuoeofi Kocrl{ yt vrs o6tacru cnuSnsa nuxsefi qeJlrocrll. Paapes ilpoBoAl{Tc"flco cropor{bl rlorocrrr pra rrepe3 cJ'II4Br{cryro o6olout
I{M[JraHTaTOB.
P aua yurranaercs. TpaAI{III4oHnnrucnoco6ortl. Heo6xoAuuoe A,'lfl aranr ar\uw r{ I'IHTerpaunI{ TpaHcIIJIaHTaTa BpeM.gAO CIIX nop He onpeAeJIeHO,T. K. OTAa"/IeHHbIX r{ccJleAoBaHvtftwano. O4uaro peaop6una rpaHcrlnaHrl{posaHHofi Kocrl4 B rlpplcyrctsuu W oxa3aJlacb MeHee Bblpaxceunofi, a [p?I)I(I4BJIeuve\4 na uuxnefi r{eJrlocrl4Aocrl4raer, corJ,racHocoo6ulenns, 97,6%ttJu. floarouy Kocrnble rpancrIJraHTarbI,QnxcuponaHHble B BIIAe HaKJIarKLr,B corleraHr{I4 c ocreorznrerpl4poBaHHblMll?I uoryr 6urn aQQeKTI4BHbIMIa
medwedi.ru
L9
-ehausago BvY vrr}ailreh r4ogdseag4aFrxdos nHgadJ etrr4H€cou urvosodu €edeed r4osoJodr4dJ{i{g 4roHsresr4JHr4Jolrdhr 'uxdeeu r4osodowKeJ,.(xhorogocr.f,nvtuvc orz{xui_ ueuodradoQdau rdroru'orqH€yJ goHJcolr rcraamsr4uedx:. I JerHerlronedr utqgrtox aulfio{HgnVaoc'7 xex }teJ 'uxnt'_ 4oaodowueJ alll{tsoJJoc exoleJ Jeehru al4HoheHsaomsrog 'u,xdeeuxrraodoru4eJu uorroJor unellgo s uyVerxs-e::_ -neruruedr tsuHesotqLrouor,r qJJoH){ohrcosqradrol^rtted ra. : -alfc oJ 'eHhoJeJf,oVeutsgztr gauxdaa eHr4rIYr4r3g 'saJoc' w f,xYevxel{-JeJHer[Jnedr ursHrcou srrsdxudu regolr,',tgi.' ororuxdas ordssurV oHhoreJcoV qJahrr4rsnxroV rqJHar.{n? r.rr€ '€coH r.rrJoror er^Y u nurcdaaro oJoHVr4sam,'tdr ur;:_' -9o s I4Jco)I l4olIqre)Izrdoy HoHI{frIIfoJ LloHgrehtl,tHul.t I l.tx . -er alqgocon ra atqaodot^IlleJoumsrog It?JoIaI^tI4 qJeVt 'ot;r: -edu xey 'r3aJrox r4oHqr€eegra 4oudrroesqre goulrgdo€;: LloHqlfaJlrheHgoJ soJHoun€u d Bcroldesroiltrz r{J3ollreh !i;.-xdas es uxVevxeH-rqJeJrrerrucuedr arsFrHesodurrr4gr{ox 'st,Lt,st,s%06-09 JerrseJcoJ 'Jar al4l{aherg xoVer-x?; Z -soJeJHer[cnedr ur.rlecxuQ rrV xrst'ro,(€qrouJr4' xrsaou?_ 14 -I4J xrqHqreccoYH€al4lreral,{t{I4du'lrrrugalngoo:}oHJerrJoO ' -' er,rxJJolI 4oHrrlov€sVotttu lluVeryes-rqJeJH€i. -csedr atsrengdr-ouqreuiardox r{ hroJr{JeueucxodvrrJf, lii:,-, -€JehoJ g t4lJox {oBondegeflsrog c14r4xYery?H-lsrreJHel'_ -gedr orqHJcouarquneaodl4Hr4gmox Iqreox ordHrcornanauxd; " ircoldmar4Hedxocs xrqHHarsouercf 'tr4 rdduoa arsr^reesrsre.' -xf 'trlcox Brosolrdagamsrog esJcalrras ororer,gdr uyxfd,: €r.rrqJeJH€rrucuedrIrJJBOorrJo,tvcvt xu X 'rloJernerucned: xrsHueaodr4Hr4gwox ltwdoQ etsHr,r4lreed err3r,rhhroJ a ,ewav.g, aa Il4Hahl4l/agd sorHel4deg oxsroxJeH IqHe)KorVadu r{JJo{L.e:, uanxdas r4rcox nrallgdoeedraondaweadr,radg 'r4JcolrXoHqlfel: 'norer'gdr -urdox o oH e o nioeedgo htrqHseyJ JaVr4 shad 'xdeeu xrsaodon4eJ r4 ecoH ltJOOIror eHV r^rar4Haxorouceds: -ranraVedlo r.IJcollrah 4auxdaa eH I,IHeIIJrroHJJolr r^reqgo r{Jc(xrrah4auxdau eH r,ruVeruenaVua a soJeJHerucHedr xrqHrJou aunaHanndll ' I4Joorrlahl{eH>r
I{hI]
nm -tHl
'ra -ed -od XIq -He
'so -oht uttlt, -JCO
-uY -HEII 14JJ
-odo -oa -uu3 I4J30l
alKx -)I4
0
ul
oJox gouw -I4HWI
-oso e)I{OIf .EJI -HEWO: -EII
EJ
U IqW'
-go a
so1erHeuuhlt4 xrqeorodhdr^Hs ohHeHer'Ifi dU
52
OcreouHrerpau!49B croMaroflorhn
HI{g fepMerl4qHoro 3aKpbITI'{g paHbl. clnsucrouaAKocTHur{HbIe JIOCKyTbI OTCJIaI4BaIOT'o6Hax(as coxpaHllBllrylocg KocTHyro rKaHb BepxHefi r{erlocTl4. Heo6xoAI'IMbIx KoHTypoB I{ flpurracoK coxpaHl'IBllrefiC"s KocTHOft rXaUu' BbrBaHug rpaHculaHTara [poBoAI,ITCs IIpenapI4poBaHIIe Kocrl4 An.'I ycraHoBKI4 TUraHoBbrx LI qepe3 TpaHcrIJIaHrar B BepxHIoIo qeJllocrn. Ha Bepxflocne
o$opttl,lenns
Hefi qenncTl,I
BcefAa I4cnonb3yloTct
caMoHape3aloull4e I4M-
IJIAHTATbI.
Ha Ilpnueneru{e KocrHblx rpaHcrIJIaHTaroBB BI'tAeBKJIaAKI'r nepxnefi rlerlocru nona3aflpulrenenue KocrHblx rpaHcrInaHTaroB-BKJIaAoK Ho y flaul4enroB c Koporrofi eepxneft ry6ofi npt4 Hanwilrur arpo$nra aJlbBeoJlspHofixocru. Kax rpaBI4JIo' paccrosHlle MexAy nepxnefi u ruaxHefi r{eJrlocr.{M}Iy raKl4x rIaIIIleHToB e o6racrlr AHa ne6o,rruroe, IIosroMy rpaHcnnaHTar-BKJIaAKa noconor?u rafiuoponofi nasyx 6o,ree e$$errunen'0. Paeueulenue KocrHoro rpaHc[naHTara B o6nacru AHa Hoconoft u rattuoponoft naayx co3Aaer 3oHy, B xoropofi o6rFIuue QynxuI4oHaJIbHbIeHarpy3KI'I ilpore3a orcyrcrBylor. Tpaucuanrar-BKJlaAKa rlplilacoBblBaerc.s Ko AHy Hocoeoft z rafii,,toponofi uasyx u $urcllpyerc.s eHAoccaJIbHbIMI'I B rpaHcIIJIaHTareqepe3 coxpaHPIBIIIyrcc.q IzI, aaXpen.neHHbIMI4 Kocrb nepxnefi qeJIIocrI4. [.na ycranoBKl'I rpanc[JlaHTara B o6nacru AHa IIonocrI'I Hoca ocyuecrBns.ercfl ocreotoun.s Le Fort I n qacruqHo yAaJlglorcs nepeAHts HocoBas ocrb I{ nuxnnfi orAen nocoeofi [eperopoAKu. Boxpyr VI, Yttcrynanulrx
HaA
KOpTIIKaJIbHbIM
CJIOeM AHa
IIOJIOCTI4 HOCa'
MolrcHoynoxuTb BMecro ueJIbHbIXKoprl4Kanbuo-ry6uarlrx TpaHcrrnaHTaroB$parvreHrrapoBaHHblerpaHcrIJIaHTarbI rr3 ry6uarofi Kocrl4. .{"na ycraHoBKI4KocrHoro rpaHculaHrara B o6tacru Ana raftuoponofi rla3yxl4 rIpoBoAtITcg ocreoroMl4.s cJII43I'Icrofio6oloqxw. ee 6oKosoll creHKI4c orcJIaI4BaHI4eM ["rrx yro"rrrueHl'I.sAHa raftuoponofi uasyxlr HapsAy c ayroreHHbIMI4KocrHbIMlI I4 Koprl4ra"nnno-ry6uarblMl4 TpaHcnJIaHTaraMlI (narlaArcaMl,I I,I BKJIaAxauu) lI3 noAB3Aomnoro rpe6ng ucnonr3ylorcs I{ Apyr[e MeToAbI peKoHcrpyKul4l{ AHa
medwedi.ru
t9
4OHe)r bhhedoHalod beHHor.rsedueg
olqJcoHgocoilJ JoreV€rgo etedorox'gout4HHesJcamVadn->ror -oru orqfflohtolr c ddrurtdrc xrqHqrreJHovoudan uuledasared eH grqHH€soHco'r4aHexrunledauared raouHarsedues Volalt sexor?adu 14 rdduoa r,rHelrJr4oHJrox ruHeaodudauer rr[, 'I4He)IJ {roHJJo}r rcfiamar4Fredxoc hreqgo Jeehrr4 ar4HaheHr aomqrog araVJo wonsreruodQ os II axaouercf ud11
eu -go -HEIf
-or, a
6W s eJ ET4 XISJI
'
(rsrerHeuurur -rerUerunr) crherHeuunil ueHueu?euleg
ItuHesorarcJl4
aI4)ICahI{HI4If )I eIqH qIreJIIHif OlI
-oY rsnuVoxgoau'Il4Holru{orco xnmorestuelss,aodorxeQ BI,IHarsrlqa v I4I4IIeJHerur,u4 IaoHHarVoI^teHgrcalfi,rtwiaadu 'szeJeJHenuwraausouercf uxuafio rrfi raouuarValten ildn rsHed rftueuodr,rlrzQuu xcrad rcraesunucf. dworeou,aogr{e lrr,rureVeKor{rou udu wen '4uderxe9 omqrog rafsrcrdcNdu erd rarcoroIr s 'r,{oJsoVoudau wrsHHaxedou c l
'ec -drc 14 s-
oT n g eJ{
rcor AWIq -oco -hrsg -r)Ir
lrl
EHY gOJHA EI4I{BO lIUtLWll -e€ellC
UH H)
-hIII
3
-xdas -OHEJT 14HE)II
'wIqHsuJ}Ieil3 -dal rcraeJr4hJ VoJoI{ JoJ€ ltJox ,tquahi{el4 omodox oHhoJe-L -roYeH elue €xox ux,{eeu J unevgo g u)rr{JJerru 4roaodow4re rzlor{J3ox rqsoHJo el4xcehl,{Jolroug'rr,,rux{teu Sroaodowrer
-o3eIrI -JCO)I -hI{HJ),
sorerHeuuht14 xtqsorodndt.(ue euueuenrndg
54
OcreonHrerpauilq B croMarorroril14
oopa3oBbrBaTbueMeHT,AecMoAoHTr{ aJrbBeontpHyroKocTb, 3arroJTH.flrourlre KocrHbrfi ae$enr. Klerxu, necuoco6ulre BoccTaHaBJIIIBaTb nepI4OAOHTaJIbHbIe TKaHII,
Hg AOIX{HbI
[Ona-
Aarb B paHy. 9ro6u He Aolycrr4rb rrpopacraHue B paHy KJIeroK arlr{TeJlrlg ut coenwnr4re-rrlnorl TKaHI4, I,IcnoJ'IbBVror Susuvecxue 6aprepu B BrdAeueu6pan, no3Bonroura o6".rler{I4TbceJreKTr4BHbIft ocreorenes B f paHr4rlax onpeAeJreHHoro 4e$exra. flpopacraHr4.s KJreroK, npor4cxoArulr4x trl Kourpoln rcocrnofi TkaHlr, ocyulecrBJrserc.s rryreM vzolrflrlnvr 4eSexra npl4 tloMorlllr ueuSpaurr, ne6o"rrrurofi pasuep rrop xoropofi r{cKJlroqaer rIpoHI4KHoBeHr{eB HI{x Apyrux KJreroK. Kpor're TOrO, COSAaeTC.fl IIpOCTpaHCTBO,
B KOTOpOM KJreTKr4-npeAIxe-
crBeHHrrKu,cloco6nrre K Kocreo6pasonauuro,Moryr Mr{rpr4poBarb, pacnpocrpaH.{rbc"fl u ara$$epenulrpoBarbc.s Ha ocreo6,racrbr 14 ocreoKJracrbl. KorAa npocrpaHcrBo Me)KAy uertr6panofi u tr4 no,rnocrbro 3arroJruenoBHoBb o6pasonaHuofi xocruofi rxausro, ueu6paHy y4a,rsror. C nouorqrro eroro MeroAa Aocrrlraerc.s noJrHas pereirepaqra.rrKocrHbrx AeSexros BoKpyr VI26-28.flra pacrur4peHrlr rroreHur.ra-rrbnbrx Bo3Mo)KHocrerinanpan,ceHHofi pefeHepaurrra rxanefi ueo6xoAI4MbI4am,nefturue IIccJIeAoBanvg..
Inreparypa
BranemarkP-1.Introductionto osseointegration. In: BranemarkP-1, Zarb GA, AlbrektssonT (eds).Tissue-lntegrated Prostheses:Osseointegrationin ClinicalDentistry.Chicago:Quintessence, 1985:11-77. SchnitmanPA, ShulmanLB. Recommendations on the consensus developmentconferenceon dentalimplants.J Am DentAssoc 1979: 98:373. 3.
AdellR, ErikssonB, LekholmU, Branemark P-1,Jemt T. A longterm follow-up study of osseointegratedimplants in the treatment of totally edentulousjaws. Int J Oral Maxillofaclmplants 1990;5:347359.
4.
AdellR, LekholmU, RocklerBR, Branemark P-1.A 15-yearstudyof osseointegrated implantsin the treatmentof the edentulousjaw. lnt J O r a lS u r g1 9 8 1; ' 1 0 : 3 8 7 - 4 1 6 . AlbrektssonT, BergmanB, PalmerT, HenryPJ, HiguchiK, Klineberg I et al. A multicenterreport of osseointegratedoral implants.J ProsthetDent 1988:60:75-84.
medwedi.ru
sor)oootr
'ql3€h
remolrrlledllc
re)Isolfu
revcohl4lfreJ3j^l
r
'enur unllxddrc sohrolrado[ Iq4Hahalrwv n trcJoIItHoI^lI'Idu14 -uoxad IrJtoHx{ohttog elqsoH raearqdvto t4rJollreh 4auxdaa 'uongor nrrevgo s tr4 eusoHerc6 eH pI gerJox uoaordxc 'tr4 prrtlol^Iou udu rcstl4uadx rrtroru ax{xeJ II€ aIqHeeIrJ 'nwadg ealunorceg a rcreel'den soredeuue xrgaoxfrc esJceheu rusamr.drd ra sodarnrsedrr.ilremsHawf rrv sodoc 'tluot -coloduodnnvl VI s rl4ueholrxs qJcoH)Kohlsog 2261 a 8"roqa1o9 erallacdeslaud s enelravc arqsdaus etr:'i'g rzfiedauo eJ€ .sJrou Orduuadan eedar. onnasrcVadJouel{ rnlesdaHIr{rss -oxdrc n BcffrrVoaodu XdAe xrSdorOU g 'XeredeU[€ xlqsox -drc s qol,Iresotqro[?ll lqreJlrelruhltr{ 'rl4rco)I s I-4aun€3xu+ 'Eroqa199 c exd (U€) ealoduorxe 4rsadau HerseJsor rItg '(8I 'crad; uam a ararucdasund a 'raufiasm s ,tvor 6261 g rqsolroJ urlerlgo a aoruaQav trusanedr.f stv 14 xlcrueaod -udraruuoarco Blluel{ewudu aogoJoIIJ oJoHI{ redarcalnd3 'OIqJcoxc Jx€JHolI ora remr'dvf,'I4 '771 'cudl tt't rarconxdasou qVelloril raesl'Ihureart llauerq) ',t_raljvserJ -cosxr{duo ou JOIahIIAI4 '(I'U^I S r4rIil v *IIauerQ -oc enurV xI4 oHhlqgo; atlaorodfldr,tHa ltan 'anodox oVeed -oJ Vl arqsorOdaHsdlr.roreoU'amqHol IrtJsoll sfl4r ereyJo hlel{
xrq80h14[J-oHuodoh -Vedc s u III4H€€rJ 'raurcdasto xrqsoxrftrc xrsHxddeH rddxog 'gowdoQ xlssorodudrdHa ro ItcJolehllrrJo tr4 alqsoJodaug arHoln0r\lee
'929 Aq s slue
uv :
]o u :t6 -oe
un eArl
6oozzey 'iJ 1aeqrtry rrnzrv'tr peqzrw -ues 'lelo
sorBrHeuuNnxHsorodoHsol4HoHotAnd u
1ecr snol -dtrr
IEJO
A11 celo 6ury
I
58
OcreonHrerpal{ueBcroMaronorhl4
6qd
s(Ds pb-q Pnc. 17. BhHroeofi 14 gnn eueporoBoro npruenenne. O6parure BHuMaHileHaKpyfoBoftonaHeq, yBenhqrsaou4rfi pereHquto h e roHrnx KocrHbrxrKaHsx.
Bra cBepxy
Bh'q c6oKY
Kocrefi. Vlsyuaercx I,lx r4crIoJIb3oBaHI4e !-ns, yBennqeHl{q orprnw qepena, a raKxce A,1Ig3aMeIIIeAerTbHbrxyqacTKoB nvua cycraBob. XoHLI.TI nopaxeHHblx BI,IcorIHo-HI{}cHer{eJIIocrHbIX qepenHo-n[ueBofi 06tr4 s rs [per4MyrrlecrBanpr4MeHeHr{s. Jracrvr 6}ilnw Harn.trAHo rrpoAeMoHcrpl4poBaHbl,oAHaKO AO cr4x rrop pa3perrreHr{eHa r4x rrpI,IMeHeH]reB CIIIA eue He loryrleHo. Onpoc [arIueHToB noATBepAprn, rrro c rIpI{MeHeHI4eM BneporoBbrx 14 ux 9fI cra"rru Ha.4ellcHeeKpelrplrbc"tr, r{To flpr,rAaer naulreHTaM 6onrnre yBepeHHocru. Tax KaK KpelJIelr'lres, ux ycraHoBna lr nue 3fI ne rpe6yer l4crloJrb3oBaHvrs. yrrporr1arorcfl, a cpoK cJlyx6nt ynelucH.rlTrleBHaqI4TeJIbHo qI4BaeTcg.
3avreu-1eHre cycTaBoB
Bc,re4crene rpaBM, norepb roueuuoctefi, BpoxcAeHHbIX rorpe6uocrb B 3a4e$exron z ocreoaprpo3a yBeJrlrql4,rlacb cycraBoB c flocJreAyroqefi pexoHcrpyrcquefi u peaMerr{eHr4r,r 6unrara\uefi. Y uexoropbrx rrarlr4eHToB,HyntAaBlllrtxcg.B r4cKyccrBeHHbrx cycraBax, rrplrMeHs;fircb I{ LIMrIraHTaru. ILcKyccrBenHbrfi cycrae AonlKeH o6ecnequsarn Srarcaql4lo aHAorrpore3a. Cycran AoJDKeH6rrrl necnoxHblM, a B cnyqae
medwedi.ru
roHe)I rH hedoH oJ odbr H -omAdeHil rcr)oQoU a r cH H or he de uo eu co g
gonnanfrgo ogJcahe)r'ruuedar resandr 6JJa6Hahrr{du exed r{rrHahar ndu nrcg ',{xurarce ra orralrxufQ xr{ eH xr4rrIoIBLIrs onuaarcarfidc 'r4JJorreh geH]r{r.rHuvn 4auxdas eH aorxaQ -atr oil.rHesoeedgox nrcaar4du rdrow 4arox,{lo uulleveYf ,(vosou oil eaJcqraJemahrs anxcanurdddux uvt't"rawaed;
'tsu]Jav - oIIr gelr ail)I ca hI4I{I4v >r 14 tsv}le 'Iov ev Jf,r4 e14mr4aHqrrev Is htl4vo x
-goar{oH 'JoresrxaVeugososaroduoYHenr4rraruadxuvY 14 ruuanarruudurqrerqrfted'tscsJtsHahretoxJer 4zfixddrcuo:r xlquH€gosJenamdasocf oarog Il4ualrs6or rrvv laxr^Iolrou
'()ireurougrg'l- edoDoU ursemedeed c rcLoeteheu) 'rrceu d -9o Fo8oht4l"/-oHlcottroh e 14eld ilrcorou e 4 xrruueaodud:etunoetcouhHeHehtrdurcrHehdeeetqHxohteog'gl 'ct4d
69
sorer.Heuuw14 xrqsotodeHeeuuauanudg
60
Ocreonnrerpaqhs B croMarofloFl4tl
KocrLI l43MeHtercs. Xorg raKr'Ie naIrI4eHTbIMoryr 6ltrl pea6vnurvposaHbl c noMolrlblo 14, pucx yrparbl W uz-za nyqeeofi repanul4 Bce )Ke BeJII4K. I,{ Jlyuenaa Tepanr.IqoTpl{uaTenbHoBJII4.'eTHa KOJII4qeCTBO KaqecrBo cJIIoHbI,yxyArlraer nponocna6xeHl4e o6'nyueHulrx rxaHefi, cHl4ntaer cnoco6nocrb Kocrlr K perenepau:av v 3aCnraxenne cnoco6nocru o6lyueHHblx rr
I
l\ E
IIocJIey!:alIelcllIg'}IMIIJIaHTaTa'MonteTBbISBaTbocTeopaAl{o-
HeKpoB. Xor.s ero ocJloxtueHlle peAKo rlpeAcraBnser yrpo3y xl[pyprl4alecKoe l4cceqeHl'Ie Ans x(I,I3Hrrt vtnorlia rpe6yerca nOpaXeHHLIX rxanefi. HeHI4it 6sna [.nx yrrenoilreHrls BeporITHocr]I TaK?Ix ocJlo]fi
oKcuteHalrnu', runep6apruecxofi paepa6orauu t"roA"*u ,rp"4ttotutarouefi rpoBeAeHlle 20 ceancoB Ao u 10 nocle orepaqula, Bo BpeMg Koropblx rIaII]IeHT BAblxaer 700% xuc' nopoA B reueHlle 90 r'ruHyr npl4 AaBneuuu 2,4 aruoc$epnt' f i,rnep6apraqecKaloKcI{reHaIII'It yryr{uaer KanI'IJIn'spHoeKpo eocna6xenIae o6lyveHHblx rxanefi' OAuaxo B Hacro'srlee vI y [auI4eHToBIIOCJIenyqeBpeMfl o rrrlrpoKoM rrpr4MeHeHI4Vr aofi repanuu roBoPlrrb PaHo.
c!
IJ:
A(
I{r
CI
BI l a
(c n(
qI ItI
fimreparypa
Tje||stromA,JacobssonM.TheBone-AnchoredMaxi||ofacialProsihesis. fn: AlbrektssonT, Zarb GA (eds)' The BranemarkOsseo1989:235-244' lntegratedfmplant.Chicago:Quintessence, z.
Max RE, Ames JR. The use of hyperbaricoxygentherapyin bony reconstructionof the irradiatedand tissue deficientpatient.J oral Surgery1982;40:412-420. Maxillofacial
H(
II
TC
1
2.
medwedi.ru
sorHorheu ohHesouo|Jcgo
lnnlrerneruwu ndu BraH€UeoJ ae gJcoH)I{oNe -os, Llvtl I4JJOIISOIf II IIOHHOI4SOITXIIO I4ohtalrr,rlauduauhl4ve]H .z ixegtt xIqHHasJO -aJce eH l^ucruaddracxuQ'woeerodu r^rrqHvr4soJcohr r^rrqH -hrqgo aogde xntnorfarcrrtcro tsr4Herrrehlec qJf,or{xohr€og .tr :tqcodlos aufnorr(Varc qJr.,rHcnrqsradvarc 'VI exsoHemd euesodhHeruee wrsdor -oll '4errJHaVe r4ouhlrJceh )- soJual,rfieu uuH€sovercao radg 'uullerHeruhlr4 r4oHqrr€JuaV nrV JrvoxVott eH ,tsI4HaherroJoH -mencd ur)oHxohrgos s Bcar,rlflc[eseHnoc,ul.tecodueenwla>r -orlqs c rqJHer4lrell 'rtcodueg elqHqr€odas nctotawr4 eJHar4Ir -€Ir oJoxeJ d orce6 'eeerodu oJogoH rlwesJcehex I4hrIrIHqIreH -oufixnd$ uadosrarsoVdes uru soearodu xlsHgde lxrrderc; ,trulrer xuuxadu ger4fruorrox c ,tr,eds )r rzVoxudu -HeIIIIhrr4XI'J30H)I{O'^IeOS O UrSHHeAOdr4WdOQnra, r,naralrell 'eJHelanerrxrl,Igerrax{o[ o'rwods eeIlItoJJ€H a aogde u etd l4rcolfou oJa lrr4ultoJJot o ,eJHo -lrIIBU rrr4Haher l,{oyJahr,rVauordoaaned NoHHaVaaoduo orun -ewdoQHra qreY rexohi golrr^reHeI4l4)rcahlrJororewor3 .aIraV -eed welnol{Verc s arswaeVx{,lcgo ,1,q x nr4}rere}rouosurodu orsuHaraVadnou rordaraendc oxexVg .(Huxcar,rarorroJehroJs u UvrrlIJur]I4var^r)€elrhreHBulsHsrer€IlJ wuvoxgoeH raHfreJ -I{erruhru r4oHqreJHoVBrrY aoJuer4fre[ uunesayavcao zd11
6ueT 'A uarrg nnzrv'[ lapqstw
HI4HOhOU enHesodtAHevuv e\ HrcoHlevlY
le
A
-ol
-a aa -o 'Iqi
-3 arl ,, evl
a .{e -o ts -)It )Il
-e XI LI
-a
-e
L
62
OcreouHrerpaqilq B croMaroron4t4
3 . Ha"[u.rI,te Aocraror{Horo Beprr,rKa"rrbHoro paccrosHl{.s Me)K4.
Iy 3y6HbrMLrIlyraMw; Ha"nuque AocraroqHofo paccro.sHr4.rrMex{Ay sy6aMv 1.ns. ycTaHOBKr4 14 U VSrO.roBJreHI4-rr frDoTe3a,
Wnorga He6onburrae4e$exrnr 3y6Hor.o psAa, cyqecrByro_ uII4e B TeqeHI4eAJIIITeJIbHOTO [epr4oAa BpeMeHr4,Jryqlre 3a_ MeIIIaTb[rpI,I noMoIIII4 HecbeMHbIXMOCTOBT{AHbrX rrpoTe3oB,a He W, TaK KaK B TaKI4xyaracrKax Kocrb qacro Ae$opMnpo_ BaHa, r{ ycilerrrHarr nocraHoBKa 7I sarpyaneHa BBr{Ay HeAo_ craroqHoro o6rena KocrHbrx rr
K
BO3HI4KHOBCHLIIO
PAHHI4X
OKK"IIO3I4OHHbIX
KoHTaKToB npu 6oxonbrx ABI4)KeHrr.flx rleJrrocrelt, yne,ruvu_ BaroilIux Harpy3Ky navl v cHr4)Karoqux cpoK rax c"nyx6u.
t
I
)
L
]
trt x
-t
(\
.1
o PNc. 19. B o6nacru AlturenbHo cyu.{ecrBylou-iero geeerra sy6HOrO pflAa Ha6n0.qaeTcacilnbHan pesop6qhs anbBeorqpHoro rpe6Hs, 3arpyAHsroqafl ycrauoarv [4.
medwedi.ru
,
xrqneed
'orugedu xe}I 'oH 'gorHal4lleu :ilJeho{rxs oH}r{rfoV el4HesoVorcgo aousralladeaVedl tt yttaenurJo
[
' gr4HeHu(orrJo runavxrtcgo xrqH)r{ohreoa r.r eeerodr ororua{drasevu uu\txttdrcnox,,turaurreu r.rultedrc qJrsg -HohreV rdrol,u r4raVor.^r ar.rxJeh tsvY v IqHeso€qroilcr4 qJI4HetIoJI4Ir -rarcou:eufi''nr4Hehar oroumaucd qJooH)Kohteos -ogeou or€ acg 'geJrollreh er4HemoHJoocaonsredJHall srl4r -aVaduo vr r4>rovgarqscdxudu erqsovcos '4atcorren I4IraVoL^I er4yJehr4Jf, oHJevY qu,IsoJoJYo[ ornil4lloxgool{ tsI4}Iahar o!' '6r4Q -edror.tor renderorsuhrox Bcqresoeillfolrol4 roxohr eVoJar{ oJ -oHqraJrrurrouoVasroahex g' rsr^rr^redroualsadarqHsrallr4du n arqHqrerrJle 'orqHr,{edosen nrJor€roY oHhrsgo 'tI v,x,orr oJoHJcoy adrtrxddrc 14el^ras.go9o areunev erqsdau rsHandr -on rdV.,tg orodorox orslflowo[ c 'ersaufieu aogde tsunesoV -ercgo oJoxc€roHaJrHadorosdeu lqJeJqlrdead reHxes qHaho erHer4lreu nraxeaoFercgo orouqrer.ndesVadr eil€re eH 'tr4 orqmor^rolrr er4lreher oueaoduHelrue€ qrlsg texorru drua 'eJd I4JJoIrou dnaurur CIdrnoilsrcJasJooc qresuxdaWou Jexohrc JHantreil erreJ€ orouqrodrsox 14gurreVsanoxad xun -cehIlHeI4JIrJIn{Heoaco olrJou 'eld utcorou IqHeI4JL{rgamod -ox lrJcoHx{esdtrosou ou Iwoged goHqrraJr{Hcrseedarerqnde -ad a nrcg 'erd nmonou I{oHauJr4JgoHqrreJ.r4dosrargoVdaH I4 I{aI4JHOYeI{OHhI4J,Cehnvn noHIIOlI c gOJHaUlrcIJ tI OIqmoI^l -ou r rfnHaharf qrJol{)Kohreos qJehorrnrJl4 radVanr eH ox€HVo 'erd urcorou
dsararur
tr4 rlaueaodi.rHo[nuHd+
qrr{harrcago onr4voxgoaH udmodox otosnawedaoJroV oroumaucd nr['
-o -o
.I,IN e t
-rsHslrarvdosrarso7dau rdvfg esJceh€x erqHqrreHor4lrxufQ Lr aI4)rJehI4raJJ€oJe e 'egalodu orougfe er4Her€roJoJeurrrr -xorcd uruerrtv unrsug,,(e drxalt ar,runorcced aoHqrexrardas aomqrogoH 'eearodu rarcoHxdaaou goHHor4ro{r)rxo u god -druox xrqgqr€hrr4Jxodlue xrqHqrewr4JuoauneVeoc rusVfdr -ee aogrte xuHVaJoJ vonodon auHaxoroilced aogrorlI hro]I 'aogde xr4HVaJoJnndou rsHavxadaou cJrqg :.{rotu 'tr4 ' -mur3 ' uxsoHerc[. wV eJJahroHhoJeJJoVanftrrd nougfe s r4rJE
t9
-e -o{
cuHeheueuHesodhHeuu n exurcoruenlf
64
OcreounrerpauuqB croMarororiln
I,I croMaroJlorl'IqecKofoaHaMHe3a; 1. nannue MeAI,IuriHcKofo 2. flo.nnoe o6c"neAonanuerroJrocrrrpra I4 sy6on; 3. PenrrenoJrorllqecKoeo6cre,aosaHlae. naulaeHTa; 4. Oqeury rcl4xr4rlecKorococro.aHl4.a B apruxy,rsrope; 5. Ana"nraaMoAeJII4 6. IzlaroroeJrenlre Ar4arHocrlrqecxrdx BocKoBbIX npIrKycHbIX BAJII4KOB;
7. IzlaroroFJreHllexupyptl4qecKoro rua6loua; 8. Pacnucxy 6omnoro o corJracr4rlHa Jleqenne. Ilepe4 Jrer{eHlreMneo6xoAnlro eule paa y6e4nrbcs B roM, rrTo [auneHT corJlaceH c nJIaHoMJleqeHr4gr{ efo pe3yJrbraTaura. Baxno, uro6u narlr4eHTrroHrrMaJlneo6xo4r.Iuocrb tIoBTopnbrx ocMorpoB, cnoxofino orHocl4Jlc.flK Bo3Mo)KHofinoqr.rHKenpoTe3a14T. A.
florasaHmsl4 npoTl4BOnOKa3aHn9
Ouenxa orAa,{eHHblx pe3yJlbraroB [pI4MeHeHI4.agHAocca-rlbnblxZ noKasara, qro Iax ycraHoBKaHe roJIbKo o6ecnerllrBaer perenuulo n ycrofi.r,Inocrb rlpore3a, Ho I{ oKaablBaer crr4MyJrr4pyrouleenos4eftcrnue Ha oKpy)KaloqyCI KocrHylo TKaHb. 3ro crrrMynl{pylouee nos4eftcrrrae, [o-BI4AtIMoMy, cAep)rcr4Baerpeaop6quto anbBeonspHoro orpocrKa nocJle yAa/reHr4{ ay6a, noropas rrp]I ilpoAoJIXI4Te"rIbHoMTeqeHI4I4 rrlopSo"uoruqecKuMI,I3Mo)Ker rtpl4Becrn K MHororIIacJIeHHbIM BII{.g}OIII4M Ha noxie [poTe3a tr MeHeHrr.rrM,oTpI4UaTeJIbHO screrlrKy nrrqa. vuenruras pesop6qnro, I4 cnoco6crnytor coxpaHenr{ro r
/Ie.{eHr4ec rIoMoIIrbIo 14 npv yrpare oA,Horo sy6a uoxer 6ltm [oKaBaHo KaxcAoMy rIauI4eHTy, ecJttr BbIIroJIH.aIorc.s cneAyrouue ycJIoBH.s: 1. flplrcyrcrByer AocraroarHbIfio6teu I4 Kar{ecrBo xocrnofi rxaHra An.a ycraHoaxu VI; 2. O6qee cocro.aHue 3Aoporb.fl [arII4eHTa rlo3BoJl.ner rlpoBecTprxl4pypfuqecKoe BMeIITaTeJIbcTBO ;
medwedi.ru
99
aor{hroJcr,3 .Jarfioresrssrqg .trr4rraho' cddx Jr4voxodx Jr{ar4n -err eftolr ,nrrrads oJ s qJesl4'aeuered radtrarc aH II .ounH -ars'nx{ee x eJHar4nerr KaHmIJ r4rcoHgo,orrJ oHHasJJaln,{lrrr -adu nrrorele>r tsv*eaexouoszrodr aflxoHnnr4traw arrlrrgo ' r'tu\rc drcJr{r{oeJco 4oumaucd s'ourroda* 14 Vou qJr4seJJorr u m crtuner;rrvhgen orrtnsreheu ""rrJu^o, srraHV{dr -ee rdrow I,rJJoy uorengdr qJOoHJorl[ 6eusr4H pr nlrlr4rJeuu 40ns'exrardou eHr4r[uoJ ne's'ewr.{Hr4trAJ.rzrzrredraruuoaJJo sJeaosJs'ruadu rav,,tg rr orqJcolr u 14 f,vsxawr4lrelrJ r4.Hs'eJ -u'u'aoc ,noJJr'HXOros orra'ercedodu x zrcasI4dU'Je)Korr .Y .J .IHEXJ
I4OIIJJOX g OIqJSOHTOII I4 AI4HAINAIIEEd WIqH}KOI,{
-toseH qJerevc Ja)I{oI^r l4Jrox raoudr'oaasre rrSl4ar,,olaru4 euzdum nvu/u eJocrrrs rr€HhoJeJcouaH .I4 rsHelrtawffid sJlsg IsHXroV rlodoJox g ,uHeNJ I4olrJcou hrohtes.gorqualrgou -cdgo sJrirg rdroru nr4Heemroirostarodu "ro""n"^oinry .XI'I4HE8€T -ouoszrodu ,xIqHqraJI4coI{Jo xIsHJoIIroJge 90 aH e SNAd IAI^IHIHA'OIII}ICI4 I4^II'JOHWAH .IAH EE ilVI4
go
r;yu
I4I4hEJHE,,U -'^U Brfv ruaarreu 4rrsHHetrvtt tuvoxyou ,qrzmad r4nrnorerow -o'' '?rr{Hegexo''osr4Jodu ezre'e wuvoxgoeu ,uxod'm qHeho I4 nlnowou udu nr4uaharl nn7 rrzHeeexo[ .{xsroxcoll
'hrr,r qJnnseJJoc ouxrov nx,,{eeur3roaodonrHreJ 0I a)r(r4H uvn hrovelJex htIsHJJorrahaHXLIHfeH LIJJox osJJahl4rox t
aogdexr4'yaror rawrndoxdtrxaw r4'exr voHJrox'il:td; xeraYto
-od
40H tsJI JEx{ -WI4 rOlrt
v e -814 t
nu$ arco 'dw or,(u JAegI -AIIJA
-coV
-ox -goll
,
lww 9 aauel^ieH gJnrseJJoc eHu{roy wol{hrqcrr_onr,alna vHexJ r4oHJJox euradup .;
-eJeJq 'IaloJ
:ruueaogadr ersHsouco srearqrah,{ olta7oxgoar{ oxeH -Vo 'IrJJolerrrarged ,tr4 Inrsonetctf. uvy oJohtl,IvoxgoeH ,zHexJ r,IOI{JCO}Iet{as,go oJo}rqlrehrl4l{uw oHrrrleJnsOI{JOBI4I{aHhJ
xrsrlr
x soror,trxrercovar{ oraraeHe fitffi:ffi:""fl:::;
t^4ogoJJaltraeJJ'edu orn ,Ja?waHolr oHJ' Fro 14 ,ooHlrem -asouaedd ergaulleu aHHIroJJot eoHqreHor4now€oxr4Jg .7
.rft raarur orr' srew^uo qre sr4 x o" oo" ltif J J# r1'"", "X;,
legaH
cuHehguehHeeoduHeuu u exurcoueuI
66
Ocreourrerpallue B croMaronoruil
r.rMMyHpITera,HanpI'IMep, xl4MlloTepanr{n ilp}LTecHr,DICeHI,Ie t{eHr.rkt paKa. fIauI4eHTbI,crpaAalouue HeKoMIIeHCI4poBaHHoft $oprurofi rkra6erat raKlce Aon)KHbI orJlollclrrb ycraHoBxy l{ AO TeX rrop, rroKa He 6yAer rlpoBeAeHocoorBercrByloqee neqeHr4e EToro 3a6OJIeBaHI4s;
TO )fie OTHOCI4TCS 14 K naIIr{eHTaM
c cepbe3HbrMrl Hapylllenvr''Mu Qyuxquft cepAerIHo-cocy[vrctofi cucreubl. CunbHoe [prlcrpacrl4e K HapKorI,IKaM14aJIKoToJIIO Cq[Taercg
MeAI,IUI4HCKIIM TIpOTITBOIIOKa3aHI4eM K AeH-
ranbHoft r,rM[naHTau]I[. V nauueuroB rIocJIe "uyuenofi TeparII4L{n o6nacrn sepxHefi r.,rHr4KHefi .renlocrefi TaKlKe He Moxer 6nrrr npoeeAena I4MnJraHraur,Is. Ycneruuas ycraHoBKa VT s o6nyueHHylo Kocrb CyBOSMOXHa,HO MeroAIrKa }rx ycTaHoBKI,IpI I,I3rOTOBJIerIilg. npacrpyKrypbr elqe HaxoAl4rcfi B craAI'IlI paspa6omu. flcuxu.{ecrne npor}IBorloKaBanl{.tr onpeAeJII'Irb rpyAgee Bcero. Onr.I uoryr 6nrrt ne ycraHoBJleHbrttrJrl4rIauI4eHTMo)Ker He coo6urnrr o Harv'l-llwr y Hero raKofo Ar{afHosa. Blomberg' HaBbIBaercJleAylou[e ncI{xI4rIecKI4ecocrosHrrs naulleHTa B KaqecTBenporl4Bonorcaeannfi K JIer{eHI{Io: I . flcuxuqecxl4e cl4HApotr.tsr(uanpuMep, Iul43oQpeuna ulu napaHofia);
2 . Ceplesnue xapaKreporrarulr I,I HeBporI'IqecKI'IecilH4poMbI, Harlpl4Mep,llcTepzrl r{ norpaHl4tlHble HSMeHeHnsJII{qHOCTH,
(naroloruqecKarl 6ogsur 4e$opvra-
3 . fincuop$o$o6ua
III4II), a ranx(e 3aBbIIIreHHbIe I,I HepeaJlbHbre acrerl4rrecKl{e
Sarrpocbr; 4. Cnn4pornru qepe6pamnlx cra6oyuna;
nopaxenufi
lr crapr{ecKoro
5. 3noynorpe6"nenue aJIKoroJIeMI4 HapKoManvrg.,eclrkr oHr4 npo6cilpoBoIIr{poBaHHbIMI4 He sBJr;llorcl BTopI,IqHbIMI{, JICMAMI4 IOJIOCT}I
PTA.
oAHoro I4JIfi HecKoJIbKI4x sy6on Mo)Ker '.iBrrrbcfl rIoKa3aHI4eM r,rlg JIetIeHI4g c noMourrm IzI, ecJII,t [auveHT [oHLIMaer cyrb eroro MeroAa, cuoco6en no4B npnnqune,
Aepxr{Barb
orcyrcrBlle
ueo6xoAut'lrrfi
medwedi.ru
yponenb r}rrl4eHbl nporesa,
il eclru
L9
bnHohalr t^loHelru
'BI4I{aheI/oV r4r4neJ -Herrlrhrrzxenargodu o Hesodur.{doQuuodu rnroeedgohrrlmgeH -godVou qJrqg HaxcroV JHeuneLI '6r,rHaherforrJou u rwada os 'oV eld rarcorou duerarur orfwuVoxgoer{ qJrrherr)ego er -Hauneil qr?oHgocour }1 auEelfax{ qruHello oHquerellJ exreJ redVar3 'rrJcoHqrr€ad xlr uxualro orsra[ c egarodu aJceh -ex xlqHqrresoulrx4rt+ r4 xr,txcohr,rJarJ€or{qrraJr4ror{Jo eJHe -ufien tr[H€rra)Kolr sruVdcao olruVoxgoeg'irJJohrr4ora ordln 'nxHah -go xlqhta€JeIrouVadu n soJ€JHelrllhtrIl Yus. v otrlr4loJ 'JoH r.rrcE
-arr Herrr drsauleu qrunrgs,sed ongodVou radVerc c eruerfieu o14Hour^ro)eHeotr4 orqlrrohro[ J ruuaher rrV 4r{Hereyoiloaurodu
VII -u
'
A
vft
e .E
-h
-
. ro -3 I^I -a
.I4I4ITEdJ
-oJFruoeJJo qJemehroil elqHgocouc'rldorxeS
ror.{srcr,{cro
1 r -
cuHoheueuxeeodHHeuu u exhJcoHreubf
68
Ocreounrerpallhe BcroMarotlort4t4
medwedi.ru
69
erHonheu orHesotroucgo
'ehed8 Hr4Ir -eVgal/{oxed oryIHol{ronrqs 14 BI4HahaIroll4HoYasodu u qJJoH -soJoJ srr4srodu rqrlx{ro[ rsrHar,rle[ aurddtr ecg '{roxr{xl4f,x H rsaodoVe r,reunnorcoa wr.rlrrgol,tnmodox J hreJ Brosr4hgroJJ.{ -Hel4nettegesgxou oJaos alfleh rl4neJHeruwrarenqrergaV .I,IJCOW
-uJVseE qnar'o ts)qrvf, 4ouuaarcdexar'deltudues'ostaqdac -ouro rertvarS'eJHaranell In{aI4HItoJf,oJ I{r4xJehLIxI4Jtr hrrqHl{ar -aorcdgo'l.rBnHe€exouoa[rodu X'uwerczreufieuc uwuln -orrtsrcraarooc rirHesovarcgo oHsraJeI[J sJrsg rirH)KvoYWa -ulrenrerurlrn Vadeu 4olluxr4cll r4ouuemfdeH o rsJHar4IreII '].{],Iner -HeIfIIhtr4goHqrerHaf qJooHxowgoa r4l^u4lflorehorrrxcr4'rrrled -orue$ BrJorerr,rhc oH l,rw?Vnodarc aunar'er aoHqraJnrrY nH 'rcedtoa r{H'oluHehor drrtonmercdentnotdsJJr4oVoc'r.rJcoH -xodorcoVadu rsder^r arqHhrqgo rrwuVoxgoau asrcqraJem -ews hroxJanra:dddraxudn uauearog xr{J€ prn:nwrer lrdlJ, 'rI4 olsmowotr c oII{HehaIr )I I{I^tlru.IHe€€xoilosl4rodurcroryrgr oI{ r4HooJh 'oJ eH rdror.nrcau'ltnuHegaroges l^tlsJcl4Vzteoc-ognaV -dac u ,teodouoarco 'drageuv srr4ravd rar(Varc ar4Her^[r4Hs eogoJo'oII4HerSI,I)(ee rtrntoHrorrqJemahrou Ja)r{ohraodoroy 'eJHaulleil I4[Hesalroges ]^toY)Kexo qJeHt uaxroV nedg aeHr^rBHe 4r,rln9o
'tr4 WSOHeJC,,{ nCtaeterouvadu ovJ 'ilJcolrah exrcer'd orog/(eeag r4lcor{Hogoco ar4xcahr4roro+dow ox{)reJ e 'e;d l{Jcoroll aI4HroJcoS u rsaodoY€ oI4II6oJcoc aelflgo oJa qJI4HanoroeJohrou eJHar,rneuanHesoYarcag'rauSedror -oS -radrdua 'adorrrfxrarde arsaorodaua ra u wowar(drardrad ol{hplrceh g alqhtoeanraeHercd'I4lraYolrlaHxoahl{JJoHJeLIV a}rc -ver rsHxdu sorreJe oJa I4Jcol{qrelegoVarcou tsr4HarreVadno Lt Itr4Hahar eHerru uxsoJoJVou tsW 'oil,rner{do+Hu ordu -Han Jorev axsoHeJcf u uuuegogadr xuxranuQuneuJ hroJ tr4 'erd r4Jcoroil geH -anf c ar.rHeaoVarcgoaouoehr4JoroHeJJHad -€)rJ xpr)rJrw u xrsVdagl aunegoVerngo'erHeHIIeu rqsaHhreHe gI{xJohLIJOrOJeI^tOJrkt 4ld,>I,H|''|.fir4var^rel[Igo rjrsHsreJernJ
guHaheuerHesoduHeuuu exhrcoHJeuu
'-r gr,
$; li
70
jt t;
OcreouHrerpallr4eB croMaronorhu
CtouaroaornrlecKr'Ifi
aHaMHeB
gB JI.gIOrocnoeHrrMlr aHaMHecTI{qecKI4MI4AaHHbIMI4 3Aecb pTa' I{eJIIOCTC.g COCTO.gHileCJlkISnCTbIXO6OnOqeK IIOJIOCTI4 Heo6xoAI4Mo Hbrx Kocrefi, raxc4olo coxpaHllBllrefocs sy6a' M'sfKI{X 14 lI3MeHeHI{"fl [peABapI4TeJIbHOe rerreHue KaKAO|O nornepgtix rKaHeft, TaK KaK 3AopoBatr cJrvrsr4crafio6oro'{Ka ycraHoBKvl I4' ,TOCTIIpra .flBntercg Bax(HbIM yC'TOBIIeMAnt BbI3BaHHbIfi croMarlaT' fepnerrauecKl4fi croMarlltr' KaHAI4Ao3' BOCIIaHOIIIeHI4eM IIpOTe3a, I'I4IIepIIJIa3ra.grxaHeit .tIB'II.IIOTCS JII4TeJIbHbIMIII43MeI{eH!|gM|4,oTpI4IIaTeJIbHoBJII{guIIIMuHa KITCTbI',OIIyrlporHo3 pIMIInaHTarII4I4.PerI4HllpoBaHHbIe 3y6bl, r o6xoJlpl KOCTHbTXTKaHeft r'r socnaJII{TeJIbHbIe Ilpo{eccbl rracT1tueJIIOcTHbIx KoCTefi TaruICe oTHOcJITcSK IIpoTI4BotIoKa3aHn.sM K I{MrrJIaHTaur{u. qeJrlocrlr Mo]Ker TeopernuecKl4 JIIo6oft 6ezsy 6t'tit' yqacrox oAHaKo Bo 6lrrn eoccraHoBJleH rlpll noMoIIIlz- 3y6nbrx W; Bce Bo3paccMorpeHbl BpeMfl o6c.rre4onaHl{s AonxcHbl 6rtrl qI4CJIe I{ C noMOXHbIe BapI4aHTbI 3y6HbIX rIpOTeSOB' B TOM BJII4-gercoMorrlbro w. Ha Bbr6op c[oco6a npore3l4poBaHl4q HanI4r{I4e Apycro.sHl4e napoAoHTa coceAHI4X sy6on, a TaKII(e sHAoAoHra' cocro''IHl4e KoHcrpyKullft' fr4x opTorIeAI4qecKI4X nMeK)3cTerurlecKlre 3arlpocbl' a raKxte $opua u KoHTypbI sy6iroro g s o6racrtl 4e$erra ilIeroc.fl aJlbBeonspnoro rpe6u raKxe I4MeIor HeMaJIosy6oe coceAHl4x ps.Aa v rIoJIox(eHI4e BaxtHoe 3HarreHl4e. ttoJlocrl{ pra o6'ssaterlHo AonxHo BK'rIoO6creAoeaulle rraTb lI3MepeHI{e KaxtAoro 6essy6oro yqacTKa3' Paccrosurae 6olee MexAy KopoHKaMI{ sy6on, orpaHl'Ir{I4Balouux AeoeKr' oAI4Ho'{unIX Z 7 MNr c.{uraeTcg npI4eMJIeMbIM Ang ycTaHoBKI4
(uunuuannnoe paccrosHl[e- 6 rrtr"r)'flla ueroroBnenl{'scy-
lpaKoHcrpyKur{I4 c onopoft ua VI seo6xoAl4Mo MI4HI4MarbHoe s 5 MM' BeprlrKanbnoe paccro.stt"" *"utgy sy6nurtlu AyI'aMH Mexcpaccro'sHl{s Beprl'IKanbHofo Baxgo raKll{e I43MepeHI'{e e rpe6ua I4 BepxyllrKofi Ay AecHeBbIMKpaeM coceAHl4xay6oe peaop6qura olrurr^ AeOeKra. B cnf{ae orleHb cu'nlnofi K Herlpr{BeAer paccro'flHl4e rpe6na 6o,roruoe BeprI'IKaJIbHoe xoponJreqyrflAlZnnofi KJII',IHI4qecKoit o6xonultocTll I43IOTOB KII'qToMoI{eTyxyAruI,ITbKoHeaIHbIe3cTeTI4I{ecKI{epe3yJ'IbTaTbI.
medwedi.ru
. i
I f
C
T l I
C
I I
(
I
l
l
IL
'(trZ 'rvrd) I4rrolrreh rjogrteeag I4hIItJsOUlSorengrtr I4 IitoHr)Ieilwou dvxaw rl4Ham -or{Joo? 4ouHano J tL reuuddr eH - I4JJox osrJehev :(02 .crad) LIHeIII I4toHJron U-V rsuuddr es rcraddlrluQuccerx hros.go''I4I,IIIeJHeIrIrI^II,I 4oHqlfeJHatr rrY aoJHaraleu dogro 'Xfltotran SrUVOgodUOH)Koh{4OdOrOXC I4UgIJJesJOof,S geHr{rrH u lSaHxdaa xregdeeag err r4JJox €arcaheu I4 esJcah -r,rrroll oII4IIeIII{QHOoeIr}IurusercYadrJ qrez I{ urlop1eT ' fiJf,erIgo t3telnordarcrosJooc'enHesoveircgo aoucanuQed: -ol^toJ aondarorsul^iou uJJOgOd[ Onxow'I4eHeuJ xrqIIJcOX htoqgo qrnraVadno olqJsoHhoJ l-{ouhorertoV 3 osVddr xrqd _OJOX ,t ,gOlgaltfieU
A
'tsI4HehAIf eII€rlI
BI,IHoTAeJCOO BIIV ohl
-uVoxgoau uullsrH€rrrhln gtoHqlrerHaVrrY aoJHoIlIIeil aogfs H Kalrellr xIcHJcolI auHesoVarcgo eo[cahI'IJoIroHaJJHad 'tr4 I4USOHeJCT( arcer^l s urJou auradum o qJI4v -dc rarfoseou enrnledrouafined relrHolleoilrxxg'xIax r'{dx -os ilrcor eilHtroJ3oc u l4eudou rqddrxov n dltdoQ ax)IeJ 'qJl4goHerc.,t raeroruou 4eH e 'trgde rssodoYe olMIroxJ?H -€XJ xrllHqlfenraueUdauol4He$ovarcgo ao)IcohI4JoIroHoJIHad 'eJHoPIIIeu 4arJollrah ]II4Ham -oHrooc hroHHoaJJrredrcoduo tl lSzrcdaslo xlqghoyodogyou oJoH I'ru+ed:onot'eudrcrqs rr ereHeu oJoHJcoIIrahaH)KI4H -noVodogtroI urcorudurqs'ellJJodro o:ondrroessr€ erevlo orenVedau xeddrson o OII4II€hIdoQuraorduualr raev er,rwed: .rJoNr^redrorarorlleuordo3 oII4HAI{S€dcou 4Iau -oge;ilradarol -er{excr4 xrqHHasJ?HedrcOduXIqHqIraIUheHeaH{VI[ss unHur| 14osJ?ahurou '19.oIrJ 4auvadc oil rlrcou gorer'grtr dddrxfdrr oroUSreXI.IrdoX rftrUmfor qJpIHe[O oII]KOI^I eJeIrA)Ic oJoB -oltur KaJcolI rqwwedrouonnadenar 4osoxog ruurueV o11 ' aIqH Htldl{emolrJoocxlqulragrcHedrcodu BIrHexeu'I4 '4aIIe)IJ -qIfeJUh€HgIeeV €I^U^t€drOIIaJIned3I€ 'OJOI aWody xrqrrJco)r gorer,gdr u IitoHqlrHI{rdou r{ddrxddrc srruevaduo 'x 't 'rqwr'tedt oHhor oHx{oNSosaH olsnohlou aa J o}rqlroJ -ona6nad rroJ€ hrrqHHevo1 o)Iqrol Hovaaodu qllsg Jax{oI^I an aodray,Iedeu xnre eulreHe 4lquqlralehHovo oxesVo :14 aJJOI^Ig I{Jco}I eSIcOheX I'I ehle UXgOUercrt{toI^tAeJ€IrOUVadn -s.go oxHaIIo I4oxcshl'IJorouatrued a hloileJ€ r'urqsdauY)LeBlf reunredouell -sr (€I^u^t€dJol^toJlr€flordo ; erunredrogenued auHasotrorcgo
-eIqI
-sod -oH r4lr[t srH -x{4 'Il,lN
aoH -dc
vl aalf EHH]
-oilr: -oIft OJO -olal 'gJ
-.{ -oc -ou -go og Jax
-€x -9
-,t EH -eill 4rql
.L -o
t 4 ) OI^I -Jf,(
-ro
oolrtohl{JolfoHoJrHad
LrexurgoHJetlbf BuHoheueHHe€odt4HBuu
OcreouHrerpaqilq B croMaronorhh
c
B
Konrypurenrocrr: {
nilxH9g qenocTb
0
A. SonuuacqacrbarbBeoflqpHoro rpe6nncoxpaHeHa. pesop6rlran B. YvepeuHan anbBeonqpHoro rpe6HecoxpaHeHa. peeop64rafl c. 3Ha'{ilrenuHan anbBeonepHoro rpe6nn,Aoxo,qflu.lae 4o 6asaruHofirocru. pesop6rlran D. YvepeHHan 6agarsHoirocru. peeop6rlrar6aganuHofi E. BurpaxeHHan rocrr.
Puc. 20. O6rerrarocrHofixann.
1. lloqru Bccqenocrb cocror4Tt43ogHopo.qHoil rovnarrHon Kocrvt. 2'Tonctafi cnor KoMnaKrHoil qeHrpaflbHyro Kocrt4oKpyxaer MaccynnorHofrry6varofirocrra. 3' Tonrnfi cnoil KoprilKanuHofi t
medwedi.ru
'r4rco[roh 4eHxoeeeH oHHeg -oco 'BHquerhHr,.{ocr4rco) Io) -el- I Br4h€djorH[oorco 'eslcoh -e) o_roxouunuu hrcoHrottu 4o) -enH qHe).t 6eHrco) 'qzz'cvld
-rorru Hroxsr4rl I4 lrJoolrhodu gonnor€rcotroH urcox otdren -9dr orelnorexddxo 'trorc oJousrexrldox oJolII{oJ an Jr4oJc -oc qJJolr rerrJJorlreh eer.drc wanYarcou g '(q u e77'cttd\ - osJtahe)I € 'y tsuurtdr eI4 r'IJtox osJceh 7 rsuuddr €u -r4r/ox orodorou d 'erueltfieu d war' '4reurrudnoJeirg ealrog '3 rrulr€ru€rtrrtrz eosrod[ 't u 7 nreuudd.r oil - ogJoeheu e 'er n g lremrddr ou rcJaesI4HoIIo I4rcox htas.go orodorou d -Haralt€rrd 'dawndueH 'amlqs ral4rlerH€ruwu eoHrodlr I4Jcox esJcah€r I,I egJJahI4IrolI xBI,IHgJahocxlqHHaraVaduo udg
A W)
N/ V
------;;--crcoruoh66HX'4H
v/v N -@{*"*"*-c"e \,-
'xbl-cott -eh reHXrH m {aHxoos eH lA t4>l -eoHercA BIJUfirco) edAorAdrc u ewdoQ olqHqueNhruo'eZZ 'ct d crcouah 66HXilH
guuvtT/3
t,L
:t uvnT/g:osrcer'e;/endo4r
guHeheueuHeeoduxeuu u evur,coHJeilbf
74
Ocreounrerpallrs B croMarolorhH
HOCTI{, rITO MO}KeT [p]IBeCTr{
K HeTOqHOCTI4 IIpI4 yCTaHOBKe
14. o6creAoHecuorpa Ha BilKHocrb peHTrenoJrorgqecKoro r,annfl, onoHqareJlbHoe pemeHrre o pa3MeIIIeH[u TA npuuttMaer xlrpypr HenocpeAcTBeHHonpr4 orrepaTr,rBHoMBMerrraTe,rrbcrBe,KorAa Status quo nerqe oIIeHI{Tb. @oro4orcyMeHraIIus Bnyrpra- r4 BHeporoBnre$ororpa$w. r{Meror6onruroe sHarrenlre Anr AoKyMeHTI{poBaHr4.s r{cxoAHbrx AaHHbrx. Onu saxHbr ran)Ke 4rx nupa6orxr,r rrJrauaJreqeur,rfinpu uororoqz 71.
3naqenuecfiaxeHHof pa6orbr6pura4sr cneuraflrcToB
Vcuex AeHTaJrbHofir,ruuaanr:auulr B 3Haqr4TerbHoficreueHlr BaBr4ckrror cJraxtenuofi pa6orrr Bcex qreHoB croMaroJroru.Iecxofi 6putagn, Har{r4Hatrbr crouaronora-TeparleBTa r,r xr4pypra Ao rrapoAoHroJrora 14 oproneAa. 3ro - ocrosHofi opraHr,r3arlzosnrrfi rpr4Hur{rr, paapa6oranHufi BrZinemark, HesaB[c]rMo or rofo, KaKa;l cl4creMa 14 racno,rrayerc.[. Ocreonnrerpaul4s cyuecrBeHHo pacrulrp.rrer Bo3MoxtHocrl4 croMaroJlornqecKoro reqeHll.a naullenToB ilpr4 qacrrtruofi, u no,rnofi aAeHTr,nr.fienra.nrnrte 14, KpoMe roro, .rrBJrstrorc.rr anbrepHarlaBHbrMMeroAoM rerleHlr.s raur{enToB c 6onesngult rrapoAoHTa. 3auena ecrecrBeHHrrx sy6on c rraroJroruqecxofi noABrlltHocrbro, Bbr3BaHuofi ilapoAoHTI,IToM,ocreolrnTerpupoBaHHbrMrr 14 AouolnrrJra rrapoAonToJrorr4rrecKr4e MeroAbr Jrerrenrr.s,orpaHr4qeHnbrepaHee yrparofi sy6oe. I4sroron"rreHtre ay6nlrx nporesoB c orropofi na Ll [pr{ oAr4HorrHbIX BrJrrorreHnbrx4e$exrax, a rarlce [pr4 noJrHofi aAenruu coAeficrsoearo paaBr,rrrrrocoBpeMennofi oproneAu.{ecxofi croMaTOJ'lOfI414.
O.{eHr rpyAHo [pl4Hsrb peIIreHI4ecoxpaHl4rb err{e I4MeIorrlr4ecs KocTHbrecTpyKrypbr 3a cqer paHHero yAaneHllr nopaxeHHbrx sy6on 14prx 3aMerrleHlr.snpore3aMr4 c onopofi na 7I. Annrepnarr4BHoe pefireHr,reHe I{cnoJlb3oBarb paAr.IKanbHbre MeroAbr JreqeHr{.sB HaAexAe coxpaHeHu.sStatus quo He
medwedi.ru
9L
edfuederry
'602-66 t:986t 'ecuessolurng:o6ecrq3 'fu1q1ueq leclullCul uorlerbeluroosso:sos -oqlsord pelerOelul-enssrl'(spe) I uossyerqy 'Ve qr€Z 'l-d lreu -eugrg :ul 'uoqerederdpue uorlcelosluerled 'VO qrez 'n urloqle-l 'gZL- 1686 Lll t ' o c u o s s o l u r n :go 6 e c r q 3 'lueldurlpaler6eluroesso '(spe) 'I lreueuprg eqt Ve qrez uossllel 'lueuece;der 'I 'n -qM qloot :ul elbuls .ro,r seldrcur.r6 ulotfie-l luref '96t -ggt:686t'ocuossalurng:obecrq3'lueldul paler0aluroessg )leut -ouprg oql '(spo) Vg qe7 'L uossqorqlv :ul 'sasoqlsoJdpelelOel -ur -onssll qlunecueuedxaclurlCoAeyl eq1 '3O ueullol 'UM ^euel 'tgl.-ggt:986!'ocuossolurnp pclullCul :o0ecrq3'tu1s;1ueq uorler0eluloessg:sesoqlso4 pe1elOe1u ;-ensstl' (spe) t uossqelqy 'Vg qJeZ 'l-d 'esuodsel 'S lieureugrg :u1 ;ecr6o;oqc,{sd Otequolg
'V
't
aH -qrl EH
-o -or -oJ -oc xlql -eIf
'Z
'l
ISV
-u go HhIl I'3J
u t4r ' HAX{OhI€OS BI{VOJaCI,rI4IIe JH€IfXhtn UoHSreilrav eoHrodu gIsHhoJ'qJerr{Hahr€l4 olqJJol{rou rraltefuac'rsroged Vorew grsHYeJr,rdg xr4lfio{eJerou[edll'4raueneweu xrqHlror4lreer,rH -€Jdo'ur4lredJarr-rr4oarcosoilulruudil u r4r4lruolrHoxr,rxJoged -eed eJerqrdeod g 'soJeJq-rrteadaa rnuesodusonrodu oron -hor l4JcoHxohrtos wazgrctdcro qoolrnullrq.go uufierHelful^tl4 goHqIreJIroV u soJHaI4II€il u gorcl4lrel4llollc al4HomoHro eo]Ic -ehnrlrello relr xI,IJoFrhraI{IIaheJ g 'JHeulteu - raodoron srell reuserJ 'aVerradg a sreroged qJohrf HexroV HO 'Jerrrolr ro uesodurrosr,rorqrooHrrorrqJrqg Jeucow oH 'oJoged gaoac x Ba.vrtnBcoHro oHHesJsJasJo 'soJcurer4lrallc r]r Hr,rvor{H .I,IEI4IIEJII€TUhI}I
.}IJcoHJJ?h
s, vT tsvlJa}'av
lrhr€VoJahrr4r^rrqaoH ordmoraVers 'dxr4uurx oilrddy s erHar4Ir -eu srusedlen radvarc aer'drr hrousl4rodu g 'I4l4Joroil{eru -I^llI 4oHH3r,tadsoc r.,uorar.dJ sorHeulleu lg.n]Hes]1rxdrcgoor -o)Icahl4JolroJehroJJorulruehuox sradrornrcadalr 14yelr axr xeJ 'ueergo r{o Br.rHahar xegocolrJ xrsHgr4reudalqrre n3xr,rlflor -ahru o eJHer4lrer qresod[wdoq)Hra oxeuVg 'eruaufieu oJaoac { oruhernerruhrr,rorduqrernaV rcmmad nr rcilrer4lr €s esVa -errc firqHrraodro€rrouarzreadacuoy'ddr:rddrc xr4ucahr,rhroJ -ese uutrxddrcaV raonnaxedrqs eerog olne x r aogrte adarou n rraVosudll oJoeh ')I 'J 'htrrqHneVseduoB?qJ€JI4h) Ja)IcoI^l
'{l
BO 14
-o -oil
' -)I{1
-e
-€ -}II
-o allr
BUHeheu euHp€odr,rHeuu n elurcou:euI
L N
Jil
Sr
XrrpyprrqecKaflTaKTVKa npmycraHoBKe
CT
ilMNflAHTATOB Worthington
o6 pc B rnase no4po6no onl4caHbr xr4pyprruecnr.re MeroAbr BHeApeH[s 14 e .rerrocrHyro Kocrb c uenbro r4x ocreo]rnTerpauui{. paspa6oBMeruareJrbcrBa 3u,r crauAaprHbre xr4pyprr4rrecrr4e raHbr B pe3yJrbrare r4ccJreAoBanufiP.-I. Briinemark et al (IlleeuIaa) r{ ocHoBaHbr Ha nonr4MaHr4r4o6ruux ilpoqeccoB 3Dnr4BJreHLIgu 6uororllr{ KocrHrrx rxaneft rcax cneuvdn.{ecxofi crpyrrypbl. r;tx 14 flpn rcnorb3oB aHr4I4r.r3Becrublxcl4creM gHAoccaJrbH npoBoAsT B ABa sTarra,pa3x[pypruqecKr4e BMeruareJrbcTBa AeJIeHHbIX HeCKOJIbKI4MI4MeCgUaMI4' .
flepnlIfi ararl xupyprnuecnot? oueparlur.I BbIrIoJIHrIercq noA MecrHoft alrecreel4efi nnu o6uuu HapKo3oM14BKrloqaer noAroroBKy Kocrnoro Jlox(a VT w wx ycraHoBKy c yrreroM rpaBMupoBaHl{.arrcanefi. 3areu M.arKLIerxaMr,rH?rMaJrbnoro ylrr4Baror, raKr{M o6pasou lil or no"rocrl4 pra. Hrr r.r3oJrr4py.a Ha ueprao4 3ilKr,rBJreHIrJIr,:r;l,6asHarpy3Ka na VT AoJrxHa 6trrr ucx,uorleHa (Hanpuruep, BcJIeAcrBI4erloJlbsoBauvl' zy6:uaI4). Ha srane cnorcoftnoHbrMfiporeaoM, orrrlparculplMc.a ro 3Drcr4BJIeHlrglporlcxoAl{T ocreouHTerpauug W, T. e. BHoBbo6paaynua.scs Kocrna.arKanb rlpopacraer B rloBepxHocrb 14, coctogulylo HS oKIlcJIa rI4TaHa url{ HarIbIJIeHHoro KepaMuqecKoro noKprtrr.r.s (riaApoxcl,Ianarnra). Mptrr'IMa,rbnrrft nepuo.4 3allclrB.Ilenus,W na nuxnell r{erlocrl,I - 3 t'{ecg-
CT qe
HA
MU
ry P A!
p€
BE
,T€ BI
HC At
o:
aI'
JIC
23
Itz
oc
BA
6n p2
JI€
medwedi.ru
LL
14P)soHel.c^ :eEl.CCtUOremOnS oro)ooh14:dfdr,rx
uere4nsdeg
tr4 tsu*ov:-edueu Isdorexl4VHu rcrorrteqrolrJl4 tr4 LlrJoHsrar :rredeu rl4uanaucego BIIY'€HqlraresrgoeH qrcousralrred -eII
neHJOIITOCaV'I4I^IIqHqIfAIfIredeu
I4JJOH)KOI{8OS Oil
qrlqg
rsHxroV IaHo 'I4JcoIraI' 4o9deta9 eH tr4 oxsroxcalr BJJoI€a '(8g7 'tud1 JoIeaI'IJItJesoJa ouxodorco -unaeHercrt urcg 'oHalrsoJoJVou exou eVJoX u UI raeslahddxa oJaH s ' ruodosrced hrI4)IJehI,IJoIrouenQ euHeVxer -xo w uur,rr/go str en do9 4[sHslrel4nellcrcredesrlor]3vl'(Jtz 'czd; hro)Ilahrew huqsoHeJl4r egsead rcraesedeu 14 axolr lroxcanudrHlrlrl4ll s erHel^lddJcl{n oJollqrarudarteu oJoHqlre -rinorrJ I4rrtoworrudu trq exolr rsungdrr runadaltell aIrcoII ' Flodosrced htl{}IJahl,IJouoraeraS ntsHsrl4darc hlelaHaVr{erxo r^lrqHqrugo c unnt/go 000'Z aalrog an orsrcodoxc oc rrV -osodu €sJsqreremahts acg '(e tZ 'cud) VT uxsoroJ I'IxsoH -ettf, yvV rotrdumced elr)Ier rrarcdasro qJJeh otoilruadrdHg r^raJ€t '(ptz 'crad; ltodog I,rlsuYuaer€dvuc wrsrJlror aalr 'tr1 utcer' -og ga?a I^IeJe€ rolsd[mced ox aHI4rV 4auxdaa Vl 'emqlrog ollqlroucaH s eouHerwdoQo 'anrcdaarg 4o9<ead a r4l;e:,_a edog draweuV ledo9 orouVuaaredunc ddrawenV la.,tsrclesrooc rugesad ea9 orodorov exmdxdos'JeJqoqlolld 'rqdrtr orslfiowou c rorrdurueed rurcdesJo e]1]Icehl,IdvuraIrufi -x,{drcedudc gernoilvercou ddouo )I€x I4 I{oIr}I€H 4lqHqrel^t -r.rJuo dl^tallroillf?Vaduo'edo9 oJoHVlasalredruc lftrorxeu '1cg7 'cIad; rnrcdauro erIllsah rornrraVrt enH€hu,Ius aogooo -udVnnrufi al4mqlrogsH rornrwdoSo wodog r,rIIqHVr,rsared[uc r^raJet '(q lr eff 'cud1 14 Kanadvalls eJcahl rolenaweed hlod -og r,ursuvuaoderu hu,IruilrogeH I4 I4HeXJ aMHJJOXrOrc)I(eHgO erdxcou oJonhl4urcoxYen-ol,crae:rrrotsLr:nesnellar,owarr{1
'leddr.xddrc -edudc; rz[xr{drcuou rexcar.uranordo rcsreaoducxu$ '(u{el'{are raVdg 4odorox es 'erd qrJolrou s orl(Ifioleildrctss 4r
rquereor)cahuJd^dlrx uunedJerHhoorco
78
OcreorHrerpaqr4sBcroMaroflorh!4
B
ymnl paqp
ffi[d
HbIM
3TOt(
yMer poBX MO}( 3ilK'
C H,ttg. Pnc. 23. flepeoe xnpyprnqecKoe BMeuarenbcreo s 4eyxeranHofi ycraHoBKegH.qoccafibHbrx 14.Or anbBeongpHoro oTpocTKa (Ao onepa4ur4B nonepeqHoMceqeHnn) (a) orcnar4Baercncnhsucro-Halr,KocrHr4rnufi rocryr (b), n B KOCTT4 O(pOpMneerCF nepBOHa,{aauFrurfi raHan (c), roropurfi sareM pacur4pepr (d) il o6br.1Ho uopr,r$uqupytor np14 noMou-lrl cneur4anbHoro ilHcrpyMeHra(e). B raua.ne Hapesaror pesu6y (f), ocropoxHo BKpyrruBalorVl (S) u ycTaHaBnilBaloT B14HT-safnyuKy (h). 3arev paHy crxilBator, qro6ur fisonfiooeata V1ot nolrocrll pra Ha nepnog saxuereFruc(i).
kft'H'ffi#f*-V'$d
aHec
IcHA
w. l
AVrH I,I3M€
Wc I{ACT
HYB
1,;'S,a.\
I' #;" ds. 4"6 d' {..e;:;i
rrpl4 [pelapI4pOBaHUI{non
medwedi.ru
pra,
'(c) erHel.,feh AVU eLHVA rlnol/\ou udu ee uAdracxuQ'(q) Adtut^dr -ceduic roresnuseHeJ,cA4 ruen -eue 4teHr'ndor8 {lgHHeue8s eH nereg '(e) erd srcouou e 4ntn -oreufuctqs')ohPUUo)4rrnotbua -hxee rotgst4t seHercA n>mAulee -erHLrs tsrHeueu^ n tsl4r|cd)cs eu -coll' Llxr.lHcueccoUHe e)eoHerci {oHuerexAsU s osrcquelemeuls ao;cenu:dAdrx eodotg'VZ'cud
(g ndouo) PI.HOIOUe oloHht4dor8 e)80Herc^
:esrcctuaremaNS oJo)cohr4-rdAdnx ue.terodor8
14OI{I II
Iq(
-m.{l
'Brd -ehFlo)ro tr4 IqJlrehlere arqnnlrdors ecg eVJoN 'JoIesI4mJ qJ3orfotr s oJalfiOr€fldrcrss '€JHal,rlor€oJOHhI4doIs rddxoS dH -ceY '(q lr e17z'}I'Id) €il{I4s oJoHdo[o oIqI[oI^Io[ ) uI uneh l4rourcoxudrdHa u rorddracxuQ u IqHilrV 4omoldsJ3Jasrooc tr4 Jrrahtrolf€qtlquhudolg JOIedI,IgVoII'lqHceVrtgprluror IOIBdaI^lsI4 r^IaJ€t 'tr4 I,IJCOHXdasoueH I4aH€)IJI4OIrJtox u HtoHsrarl4Hnr 'tr4 -aof, ar4hrrlf€H Jolrdosodlr u roffiIr€vd I4)ImfIrJe€-IqJHI4g V€H ltu€il roilflreVd (onuVoxgoaH l4lrca) n dlttlnrco]IVeH 14 dXnorogo Ordrcfier4rcrexemed'lol€stqd]rced xu IltousolcaHe 'tr4 or{He)KoIfoIIJed lolrrovadllo tsI4I{ rjoHJcar^r troII r^raret -eaoduVHoe olqmol^[orr J urlvr l4laneilqrerr hlaJdu elreheH3
oY sallrcal^t xll)IqlfollcoH al4Hahor s 'nlolreradarehl Jrrarrlreil oJoJ€ arcoll ':r.,ed>roJa -I{€egeda[ tlwr I4Jtasod[ 'ealodu qJesodl4Jxaddoxvou ralICoN
'r4rtou Ifl4HOTSI4X{e€ teJodII gJI'IcoH raxoI,\l hll4)lJ6hl eearodu ^xsod 14 sl4msuewd snhoJrox Vauor,do evoudeu oJoJ€
'NoxJcend wrqnnesodudeuadu Ves woearodu rurqu ,tnsox N -9de rCSregotqro[ HaX{1OV eH IH3I4IIS[ qroyaH Xrqsnoulred 'clld) roresl4md -auorcor xfsv oHdaNI,Idr al4lrahal g '(ltz Jd)I3Or 4IqHhI4HJCOUveH-OrCUSI4Irf,el{Irshollfxe€ g olrJoril
6L
urhedrerHiloarco lcuere eulcatujd^dry
' Ocreounrerpallfi tt B croMaronof vln
v
X1 B
medwedi.ru
-ouc Voudau noJadvHahroxad.x6eh.{rJ xr4xeJ s r4 oH .eJd qJcoro[ s oHHasJcVadcouasraeu{rcrss {eedc uusoHercd oJa orrcorr 14 or 'osrcqralemaws aoxcennrd,{drax aonuere -onVo relnoleJerouYadt 'trq ewattuc rcra.{eqroulu ur:cg 'nr.rfiedauoualnordsrcam -Vadu udu exrcen{ orore euualnedgoosodx aonqrewdon on -amrtden evJox'darauadlex'rugedr oJoHJJoIIrahaH)KI4H aHuf -adac ou eadeed JoreJrzho[Vaduxrenrftrc xrqdoroxau g .erd I4rcorou er4tI tsvHeaodznuSnu qrooHoeuo ztwrtwunuw u raV -asc esm or4Ha)rorotrcedaoxel 'I4ya:r- oHnesrcVad?oraHnt -r[troxeH som rsgorh ' xer dgaH IarIa dxrssr n runrersedueH g rcraeargVl4xro rdxcoy'exrcodro oroHdrroaasre ilxr^rodx gauxdaa Jo r4r,rHnoJccedruodoJolraH en rsHodorc tlottdyvf,g -I4JJaa J ncrr4Yosodr onnrego trd t,tusoHeJcf, yvy eadee6 ' vvuau seV r,{rsrcusrsdadu u wtrxJar vox B3qJ€aosqrouJl{ r,I zwrsdrco sJrqg rirHxroV rsdog 'rraneaodlrrtsedr xu rer -a9tu 'onuauaJoou Jorehrr{Hcr,rHexJ ersHJco}f .r{rroo grouuad -egou wodoareed el4HaVx{erxo oHqlreJegrgo,ertrar hrer{Herr -aVrss c xlsHHetrgc 'r4l4ll€dauoI4r4rrol{Ifonnaudg .htogocouc hrr4lrrtsVeneerrog oHxrohtrxey qluVoaodu oruuVoxgoeHr,raHexJ azHegoduderiedl'tr4 soJuar{ere xrqsoHerr4JxrqrrHeaodildrar -FIr4oeJJoraarcoHxdaso[ nr4HesodnllraQnuauHemedaroVadu eH vrelnedgo radyerc or4HehrrlHs aogoco .r{hre)ruJor.rgraJ -He 4oxxdaVVou c Bcqu4Vosodu rsHxroV ersdorox ,srcqrer -emal^rs xuxcenurdddzx xerreJ€ xecs eH rruauaorcd hrrqH -gonco ts"ratsrItrr rarconsrfidaro rr I,I)II4JrraJeelruaVorrgoC
SISqUOlemer!8 xil)cahilld^dmx 6nHOuesOdUrmeOuC6
'(r v qVZ'cud; eearodu orongde oruHersoJoJrr,r - nr4r{aherrduere flralnoltYarc x rrVoxadal 14 JorehrI4HJ ,txersou orfgaurav r4ravaH agV-{HVo eeda6 'wnedronarrnad xlsHsnodrnou olqlrlowou J rl oHsre -deug rolesuHallo I4 sorHahtaue xrsHr.I,IdoJs r4xV€cou qJJoH -hol 'orqu€)rJ goHJJou c rcordrnurtdurreve omodox u ,ftr -caV ordlnoremulrr€E'drrrsou orztsaucaVol{HHawedsqrnuadx -et oHu{aV€H }rJJoht}rVoxgooHudu altugorouc,Bl4Hergilu{ -ee :6uY r4)Iherrrroxrordducxuo hrr4Hx ,IqHarsoHeJcd onsrar
L8
uilhedJorH14oercotqugre e14)cohr4Jd^dl4X
82
OcreouHrerPaL\t A B croMaronoruu
cBo6oAHofo or HarpyBKlI HaIi'I' K raKoftHoro 3alrCr4BJreH?I.s, Kofi cl4creMe ornoc-grcs ITI r{MIIJIaHrarbI' npra 14 6es peal6u' Ecrut peur flAer o uunuHApllt{ecKrx peal6lt srarl napeahnna [pelapr{po Ba.HurrJlox(a I4MrIJIaHrara cBolo ilepBl4qHyro craorrycxaercs; raxl4e 14 upuo6peralor K c rroMolllblo KoMilpeccl4onHofi rIpIarIacoBKI'I' 6u.nruocrn
Me 14, KpoMeApyrux, oruoc'nrcs 14 TMZ' arofi cracre
gHAocca.nlsntx ?I, HesasucuMo oT Tr4IIa fic[onbSyeMblx yBerl4rruBalorcg nplr rrraHcblHa yc[ellrHylo ocreoflHTerpaul{Io "[poco6nroAegul{ OcI{oBHbIx rpe6onanuft xrpyprl4qecKoro TpaBMrIpoBaHlIl ToKora", HarIpaBJIeHHbIxHa yMeHbIIIeHI'Ie roqHocrb BbIn rraneil, npeAyllpexAeHl4e un$uunpoBanr4fi
c
V
TIOJIHCHII.trBMETATCJIbCTB. d.
T I
I (
IlmreparyPa 1.
procedures'In: BraneAdell R, LekholmU, BranemarkP-l' S.urgical ProstheTissue-lntegrated (eds)T p-1, cn,'ntoiektsson zaro mark Quintessence' Chicago: Dentistry' Clinical ln sesl Osseointgtation 1985211-232.
medwedi.ru
F--
I
1
l
quouot/{ Ee)cohr4lSoHreuLf
'eflmqraJemar^rs oJo)rsahr4Jdfdlrx {xnvoraw qrraraveduo exlreJ e 'tr1 tsttarczc dogtca greadeu rarceseuodu Jelflros€ -ou adorrrdnrarde s flIratroru 4oxcanrarcoHJellY elII{aIrO ' srJqreremahr g xpDlcahprrsauedarxlqlrqlf arI4I{ -rouoV araHaVagoduau{}I€J e 'gwaovlf, xlsHHol4tollrxxo xIqH -qrehrl{rllo auuegodfiH€Iru oH}Icohrtos uraVohr EtoxJahI,IJJoH -Jefilaf orqlflohrorr C 'erd rarcoro[ nlIHesofrovJgo r.{onsre^{e -ug udu uhrlqHHahahleteHtrcqJ€rJo I,IIrJoI^I'oHxol,rrgog 'alqdot -ox 'xr[HaHahrgr,rr4 eJHaraller erd urcorort lnrHrorcoe o oilrlr -elrdoSuu orfusalt roteV adorrrdxurde s. tuvere x]r 14eJlra -r4he[ soVrd xnirgds {taraVor{ xnsorrrr4J anHarsoJoJrtr4
'rsdrfuxddmedu -rtc nugargoJoJau wY w oH 'gouer€ xraxcar.rardddux rus -esodwreru r4 tr4 Irlr^Iercl4ogalurVoxVou edogrss BIrV oxqlroJ aH xrquseV xuxcehr,IJJaHl^reHetvueue Ia dogc r.4rqHueso€I4H -erdo omodox axxer reahrl4 er{rraher{s eomqrog 'eVauordo -er.eds €Jrqrro u eslcdaro€hr l^reHsodd wIaxocrss rcrarraV -aduo Br{rraharrxaucd oen-,{rc r^{ogorlra ou 'tr,I 4ralxddrcuox rI sour4J xrsHhursed oJoHhr radercemd3 '4enruaYe 4oHrrou u r4oHhr,rJo€hc sorgalalleu r4r4rrohar udu raosr4reHdarsre gamodox ncroilrrar IA eH r4odouo c rsearodu arsugdg
6ue7 '[ uaug
VNNELHEUUruT
'OHqUerHAuudU Uete Un>tcohiluouol.do
6
B4
OcreouurerpaLlusB croMaronorun
Cyulecreyer rlenbrrz pr4 KoHcrpyKur4fi 14 lls 3aMeilreHr4t oAHoro LIJIUHecKoJrrrnx ay6on. Mz ttttx nau6olee qacro r4cloJrb3yrorcn cy6nepuocraJlbHbre,TpaHcoccanbHble14 oHAoccaJrbHbre14 (uttncrpaulrr4 B rJraBe 1). Ha ocHoBaHr4r4 At{arnocrraqecnofi MoAeJII{ onpeAen.gercg rrr4cro ycraHaBnl4BaeMbrx VI ttt ux pacrronoxtenue. Blr6op 14 saoucyrr or LrcxoAHbIx ycr'onvit B rloJrocrr{ pra naur4eHTa,qkrclra yrpaqeHnlrx sy6on 14JroKaJru3auuyt 6essy6ofo yqacrxa.
Sur
caq
B32
I BAK
I{14C TbI
TEJI.
Cy6nepuocraJrbHbre (no4na4rcocruuunrre) uMrrJraHrarbr
3nz 9rv 14 npeAcraBJTgrcrco6oI? Jrr4TbreMeraJrJrrrqecxr4e KapKacbr, r,IHAr4Br.rAyanbHo I43roTaBnr4BaeMbre Ha ocHoBaHr{rr auaroMr4qecKoro cJrerrKa c flpelapupyeMoro noA I4 yuacrra'''. I4a raprcaca Bblcryrlalor MeTaJIJII{qecKr4e rurnsTbI, Koropble lrpoxoA.rrr r{epe3 cnmgucryro o6olovxy B rroJrocrb pra u cnyxcar onopoft 4na sy6noro npore3a. Cy6uepraocraJrbHbretr4 rasrorasJrr,rBarorcs!r3 BtrraJrJrt4tr, rloBepxHocrb Koroporo He rroABepraercs xaxoft-nz6o o6pa6orxe [ocJre orJIr4BKr4.I4 unorno lpr4Jlefalor x xocrsorl TKaHI4I{ Moryr 6rrrs AonoJrnr.rreJTbHo [pr,Ixpyr{enbr crreunAJIbHbIMII
BI.IHTAMI4.
flpu uonorur.r ranlrx I4 eaxaeua,lracr ne6oJrbrrrr4e14 rrpor.rrxceHHbre 6esay6nreyaracrKu nuxuefi u nepxuefi qelrocrefi. qaxle O4narco Bcero r4x tr{crroJlb3yrorHa Hlr)Kuert, rroJrHocrbro 6ezzy6oit r{errocrr4. TpancoccaJrbHbrenM[JraHTarbr 9rn VI [poxo4.rrr cKBo3bKocrbt. TpaHcocca,rrnurZtr4 cocrollT u3 rrJrocKoit tterannyr.Iecxofi nJTacrLIHKIr,3aKperrJreHnofi no4 nlrxHefi qeJrrocrbro. IAs [JracrlrHKr{ Bbrcryrraror HecKoJTbKo urruQron, oAHr4I4g Koropbrx 3aKanr{I4Barorc.rr B Kocrr4 u cJryjr<ar AJr.s pereHrlr4r4, Apyrlre [poxo.4.sT r{epe3 KocrHyro rKaHb rr npoHr4xaror B rroJrocrb pra. PacnoloxceuHbre Ha HI4x oproneAr4r{ecKr4eaJreMeHTbIo6ecneqxsanr pereHur4ronporeeat. @oprtta TpaHcoccaJrbHoroI4 sanucur oT qHcJra urru$ron Ha MeTaJIJI[.{ecxoft["[acrr{HKe, cJry}Kaultrx AJr.flpereHul4r{ r4
medwedi.ru
:
,TIO
Teol
BCe Hel
2s)
: 6oir oqu KOB TI{C I{HT
wcc : ropr rIaII co6
ULIK
}KI,IT
( npo flcb
Suu 27d
plxl
pbr:
I4CK.
98
i i '
-arf€ €9o'eJHI'Is OJOHdOUO Al4Hesotqroil)I4 ealfioleholuusl4 'aoreIt aoHl4traJolltrseJcoo lqJlraHoxhlox r{J€ xer^lalcfic xlsd -oJolraH g 'tr4 oJoHsIre?JoVHee[r{J Jo u4ltlsee eJ}IeJI{ox xI4 '(P/z arcar^rs soJHahlelrexdev xl,Ire plxsoceuudu srcoHhoJ 'cud; ruua ulsHdouo rcradeqnollu UI >r rsdouo uulecxuQ wrY 'U nulrxddrcsov hloJl{shlelr€ husJJfi€urocsedr qf,v -Brrats'erd qlcorou s dxnorogo otdrcugnrc sadel' ruVoxodu '.'1ld1 1414tr ncraesuhrtdxndu 7c77 14 JI{aI^IaIf€l^lrsudolg ' tsuuevauJK 1q 77' md1 t4oumdnree-IilorHl'Is rcraearsdxae tl -€r oJorrqrfer,enoadau eiler€ eH 'IA Iaulxddrcsou 4eJa oII4n -sarad ra€sr4harcago qJceh ere '(eLZ 'cnd1 y1 oHHasJJgoc KogoJ Jarrs?JtVedu u nrogocouc hll,IxJanurdddux eJHanlterr r4Joorr/ahBtaHlI{I4Huvn 4anxdea eH ltcJaeauraeuercd redor -ox 'uJJ€h 4onrconudrdns ela JItoJJoc I4 alsHqreccoVu6 'tsvlJes.ovevc)u rw.tuYoxgoaH qJaVs oxeHVO'ranfied:anrra arsrHqroJr.rHrouoV -oaJco orr,ilramr1ltr{ aumolrtgJcgocoxf, 'euHalrlqrelg. r4lrv aLrJ 'I4}IBox -rsdxor qJor^rr4 Je)I{oI^Itr4 xlqtlqr€ctoVH€ qrconxdesoll -eud arsxsrradarc s Joleslqsoxeud u rolfeurudalc 'tolefiuno xH hteJet 'egerilJ oJosoH€JI4JV' r eHerldr OJOJJITh€I4 hlog -ocofic rolesl4rseroJtu I4 aIsHqIreJJOIlH€ htrDrcehl4H€xahl '197 'cud; sorHI,Is ,fttdoQ roIahII4aurfdfi' '1E6 'crad; aodvHrlvufi eYus s rsHesodladdrcsoue 14 atsdoroxall 'egde oroHHosrcaroo nudon amdo$ rotdarcraalooJ I'IHo ets '.unfiedratuuoar r^ralflgo s oH 'IqHhureed 14 raulrxddJcHoy -co ndeYorerg JnVoxcuodu nulecxuQ xu lqr?ox orrftucom -ah s oHHosreVadcouaHJolesursesercd tr4 alsuqlreJcoVug
t4 t4rll
aor IOIES -olfol
sada s 6t JOIE -HATI -oJ
I
OIqJi .I,IAJ
-od -I4IIA 14OH
-ed 'tsr -oil
-Q"
w t4t4H
-de
IqJerHBrf rrldrr elqHqlrec toVH€
'rqHqroJ€ttsgoal{I{rJoHxdasou xn enrogedgo KeHqlrar -HdesVedu I4 aI4HaIrIqleH eouqlrel'InaxC 'dgssed Jolahlr{ IqJ -Snrm 'aosernc oJoJouot urI'I oJoaoHeu{J 'eHeJr'IJoJoJcllh oHHelrmrqhtodueu Joleal4raeJoJtkrtI alqHqrecJocsedr'Joleg -I4IrJo arsdorox 'I4 xIqHhHHJJoxY€HVolt Jo aI,Ihr'IIrJo g 'eeerodu evl4s Jo urJohll4Jl4sesg aorQurm xadrsran oV xdaY ro rcrordeqrolIsl4 eearodu uvnel -r"S rrV our'rsgg 'Iaullx,,tdrol{ox 4oxf,ehuYeilordo uuflecxr'IQ
.HAI -tlt -t4llt
-vl -f,o -f,t4 ts14
g uduuere4urceuueuo-rd uhherHeuuwil f oHcrerHoU
86
OcreounrerpaqLreBcroMaronornu
Puc. 25. SngoccanuHureLlrnuHAonqecrre h.
Pnc. 26. SuAoccaauHureBnHToeure 14.
MeHTa B KoM6r4HaUnI,I [peAcraBJI.rIIor
co6ofi
aHaJIor KopH.rI
3y6a. B BI4Ae aHAoccaJlbnoro I4, BbrnycrcaeMblfi Tperufi aJreMeHT ueJrofo LUwrcocToflfiIplfi I43 2-X rOUnOgeHTOB,COOTBeTCTByeT Jrr,rrofi oproueAr4rrecrofi KoHcrpyKuI4I{, Koropas Mox(er cocTo.sTbr43 3o.rroTorovrJnlTnTaHoBofoKoInarIKa (pvc. 27e v f), coeAuneHHoroc oropoft I4 sororrrM BI4HroM(pvc.27g). I{enrpa"ulnag rracrb orlopHoro B}IHTar{Meer pear6y, B Koropyro 3aKpyrll4Baerc.soKKJIroSI{oHHrrfieo"norofi srurr 4,1.trorropbr oprone4Iauecxofi KoHcrpyKuI'II4.V, nexoropwx W r,nst 3aMerrleHu.floAuHoqHbIX 4eQexron Ha eonorofi KorflaqoK MoAenr4pyercs socxosofi KapKac KopoHKI4, orrueaeN{nlfi
medwedi.ru
BI n.
r4
oI
2
'1Hh8
-s€roJcr,reddruddrceduf,c 14 xlqusrecf,oVne xlarfdV g '(82 'cud; aJlrahlelr€ ltoudono olslfiohlot] ) oJoJorot eruras VI isgde arqnuasmc.{xcl4 eH rol,tdracxnQ firsodov oilaorof qJear4nseH€tttt uttu dxuwedau qJI4coH€IroHx{oN 4rtdoron en 'c€:rdex rorer'rtron htogoJolrJ htil)lel 'I^lollheilIrox J arcaws
4rqI/[ xohel
vuY -ou -oJo)
'( 8t V AL -oc rada
rOrOUOe {rCHHO14€Orlr)|)O
avr4
(0 :duHr4uvrhforouo€ (l u e :e1 -Hanoue oroHhrdots rHuE frqH -douo (p :rHamoue 4rrur'udora (c le>m{uree-rHna (q :relHBUU -rl'lt4(E :IleuJeuug so.te-tHeuunu tcv{o1cr4c fqlHov{aue'6-e77' cu4
rsd
P,
R
W A @
Lg
nilhslHeuunrr4{oHqre.lHoUndu uere 4h)cohhueuordq
BB
OcreouurerpaqusB croMaronoryM
Pvc.28. Kapracnpore3aornur c 3onorbrMuhnhHApoMn nplAoneMeHry KpyHeHK BTOpl,teHoMy [4 oruognouHbtM sonorblM Bl4HTOM.
KeJIUBaeTC.{ Ha KOJInaTIKe I{3 clleqeHHofi aJIIOMOOKCIIAHOIZ KepaMl4r{ecKoe nopaMI4KI4, Ha KOTOpyIo 3aTeM HaHOCI4TC-g Kar{ecTBa SCTeTI4rrecKr4e xopollrl4e KpbITIIe, O6eCnequealouee npore3a (puc. 30). Ecrl raxxe cl4creMbl W, r$e Bropl'IrrHblfi DJIeMeHTrlpenapl4pyercs aHaJTorllrrHoo6rI'{Hofi xynr're ay6a, na xoropofi 3areM $raxcupyerc.fl KopoHKa (puc. 31)' Moxno Ans I4sforoBJIeHUs cylpacTpyKTypbl raKxte llcnoJlb3oBarb C KAPKACOMIIPI{ IIOMOT}ITAHOBbICKOJIIIAIIKI4, COCAUHCHHbIE qr,r na3epHoft cnapru.
I4 Apyrl4e KoHcrpyKflpnueHalorc-a caMocTotTeJrbmo vrlrrr B coqeTaHl4}r c
cynpacTpyKTypbl 6aaoqHmnrra sJIeMeHTaMI4, [peAHa3HaqeHHbIe 4"ua Snxcaquu
IInn
(puc. 31a rab). Brr6op oflopuoro eJIeMeHraflyque [poI43BoAI'IrbrIocJIe 3aBepIIIeH[rI XfipyprruecKoro sTarra ]lMrrJIaHrauI4I'l' vI UC|roj|lasYlorc.s Hegaencr4rtfoor Qoprrlbr sHAOCcaJrbHbre Ang gaMeIueHI,IsKopHx sy6a vt navt6o,neeilupoKo rlpr'IMeH'aIorcs AJII pea6unvlauull naqueHToB c 4eSexrauu ay6uux psAoB. Oqenx,a Al{arHocrl4r{ecxofi MoAe,{u B aprl4Kyn'srope noMollcern nu6ope KoHcrpyKuI4I4rlpore3a c olopofi sa W' I4e' foToBJIeHUe
KOHCTpyKUT4V 3AB74CL4TOT npoT-glICeHHOqTI{
medwedi.ru
ne-
'HOrreHrore€hhhHedJorl)rceh^ glcHrcotueheHxilHotqHoouo olqH -queril4bf 'sodo)He xrqHhouoH) JAd)os BilHefneds cl.coHxorde -os roeu 4hHoH.Louu^ xrq€ehquo) u )oue|.I)rodu eIHesoequoucr,l 'tcde)He orgHhouoH)elcur^d) ,l1 -ce€€ oHxom r,l a eeoJ-oduoJoH -yloctc hr4hHsl.edbuEf 'qLe 'cfid
-atr
-tw -oil
XIqH -HHA 63JO
EIfJC
I414II
)u -x., 'eeelOOU
OJOHtIOctCOlhn
-ec)ro or^Hhr4uro reesilheucogo tsuh)AdrcHo)Ue\el 'qo>tuegA euHoHuveoc oo)J-cox 'ete 'cHd
-OhI
rqd, oHx 'eg 14Iq
egr -otr -av
'E)HOO
-o) Bcre^dhrHe!.'roh l.'rodoro) eH '14s ooHHoh^d)8 'oouoh ooHr4uo )e) Heuoucqltqg l"exon rHet'reue '(eseduc) 'cud rlcHhhdo-Lg oe 'h)Hodo) EhHer€ololeil otquorl c eccehr 6e)cohr4r{edo) eHoceH -eH or^doro) eH 'r4)ilhlede) {oH -ul4c)oor/'totueeil oJoHHor.fsol.or -eh 'e)heuuo) 8141t401cocl-Hoy{ -eue 4lcHhrdorg'(eseuo) 6z'cvd
68
ilhhel-Heuuy't4{oHqrerHoU hdu uere {il)cohilUeuordo
90
Ocreornrerpauhg B croMaronofvtA
14. r{aue Bcero aHAoc$ercra 3y6noro pfl.Aa u 3alr(IrB-rreHr4"q caJlbHbre IzI npuuenr.wr r,Jrg. 3aMeueHl4.soAI,IHoqHbIXr4Jrr4 HecKoJrbKr4xBy6oB, a raKxe Ha noJrHocrbro 6e$y6ofi .{eJltocrlr. Ha"tlz.{rle r4rrlr orcyrcrBr4e cllerlr4$uvecxux yclonufi B ITOJTOCTT{ pTa rrarltreHTa, o[peAeJrseMbrx KJr]IHI4qecKL4 rIJrVr Ha ocuoBaHrrn amaJrr43aAr4arHocru.{ecKolz MoAeJII4, cyuecrBeHHo BJrr4srorna err6op cncrelrlt IzL Llun.nanrarbr AJrr saMerr{eur{s oAnHorrubrx 4eQercron sy6noro pa4a fina ycneurnofi ycranoBxr{ oAr4noqHoro IzI 6om,uroe 3HaareHuel4Meer paccro.rlHl4eMexAy coceAHr,rMr4 sy6avwo. Eclu OHO
CJTI4II]KOM
IIIIIPOKOC,
OIITI4MA"IIbHbIC
3CTETI{qCCKI4C
PE-
3yJlbrarbr o6ecne.rr4rt rpyAHo. flpu c"rruuKoM y3KoM npoMe)KyrKe MelrcAy coceAHr4Mr{sy6avm neo6xo4uuo ero pacur,rpeHrre oproAoHTrrrrecrr.rMr,r cpeAcrBaMr4.Ecnw xe r4cxoAunrfi Status quo r4sMeHr4rbrpyAHo, cne4yer o6cy4url a,rtTepHaruBnbre Bapr{aHTbr oproleAr,rqecxofi KoHcrpyKquu. Taxxe BancHbIKoHTypbI aJlbBeontpHofo orpocrKa r{eJTrocrr4. Ec"nu aeprrar
npr4 (puc P TPYK AenM 6st v
oqeH IIOCT IIOJIC
Meru Mocronu4Hbre nporesbr c olopofi na VI npu qacrnqnoft aEeHT}rkr
MO)K
IIo.n flpn saueqenrara 6o.nee oAHoro sy6a uvcno ycraHaBnr4BaeMbrx I4 eaeilckrt or rrpor;rx(eHHocrr,r 4e$erra ay6noro ps1a w or o6reua r4MerouluxcqKocrnbrx rxaHefi. O6nrqso
v [naf
medwedi.ru
.::4
'ii i
-aH nrJaerr4hc adorrrdxnrde s faraVow xprxJehr,rJJonJew eu.vere'oJteh aogde waragrcr^,(crohtlqHrfou c aoruaralleu 6 xnrcorah '4aHexJ
geHlIcHHu ganxdea eH ruureVe neHrroll
XIqIIJJO)I
ehleqgo
oJOmqIrOgaI{
€t-8I4 OIDI{OI^I
-eosoH ore xrerltrc xrsdoJ,oxau a ox€Hvg 'egde oJowaetlahr -ee 4ouuodox Yolr JoreJ€Iro[ced 14 oHhrsgo 'tr4 ar4r{a)fforrou -ced qrraraVaduo oH)r(ohraogrte xrqHHesrccdxcn nnsor{eJJotr goxJahr4Jconrer,rV arrcoll'yuaorfct arquHor4€orrrxxoqruuolro a}I(}reJJr4rosSou oJ€ 'Holrgelll I4ogoxcos qrugoloJgr4 llvu Isg -ds arssoccehrJcelfrr alqHuasrcodx:rra srl4aercort og)r{ow nraV -ohr grolrcohr4JJouJerrY eH r,rr4Hesoduseru ae zdg 'rsddrxddr -cedndc geralrxddrcr{o}r InJanraVaduo tl evrne>Korrorrced,
'(zt'cud) radu UI aarlogv esY JoresflrseuercrturarrraVer3lounurcer'
xul qcllt
-gf, rftru -r4 '4 VJI -rrrftl
IqHCi 'Heh
'nogAe Nrqnoeln -el/\|ee Uou edtHoh s tqHox -ououced c'l-rsgtcHxuof h 'sog -Ae xil>rclroxceH uo$oU olatn -orBlno],"ree'Beoroduuilh)Adrc -HO) 6Uu Or4HOhPHe oOHXBSl.e -et vt vl or4Hexououced 'zt 'cnd
.I4JJ 'I4].d -ql[e
-vo -ce -odl -ad l4lt)\
-€H
-aml ktr-t 4r4E -ah t4rIt -JOt
t6
ilrnerHeuur{ufoHcuerHofudu uere 4ulcer,uYauordg
92
Ocreonnrerpauhg B croMaroflorilh
o6gsaterlHllr. Oasaxo orKa3 or r4x lrcnoJrb3oBaHl4.rl Mox(er rrpr4Becrr.r o6Hapyxarc.f, HeK ToMy, qro Bo BpeMs -[eqeHr4.s Aocrarxr,r KoHcrpyxul{u tlpore3a, Koropbre MoxrHo 6ulo npeABrrAerb 14rloJ'rHocrrro us6exarb Ha ocHoBaHrrr,rananv3a MoAl4arHocrr4qecxuxlr oAerert. Vcr anoeKa Ar,rarHocrr4qecKl4x 4eaefi qe.nrccrefi rrpll nonHofr, ageurvu cyxrecrBeHHo orJrr{qaerc.s or raxonorZ npr4 r{acrl4r{HoMorcyrcrnr.ra ay6oe. B uexoropbrx cryqarx Mo)I(Ho l{crroJrbsoBarb try6nuxar craporo rlpore3a rIaIIlIeHTa I4rI4 rr3foroBr.ITbero uostrfi aHaJIor B KaqecrBe Bc[oMorareJrbHoro cpeAcrBa AJrfl nJraH.IdpoBaHr4.s pa3MerqeHr4sVI w nsroroBJleHr4s oKoHr{arerbnofi rconcrpyxr{rru cynpacrpyKrypbr.
l1epsurfieran xhpyprhqecKoro BMEUATETbCTBAN
MeponpilATVA no il3roroBfleHilH) cynpacrpyKrypbl
trllcno"rrrsonanue nuarHocrHrrecKux rr.roae"rrefi.{erlocreIZ (utu lnarnocrr4qecxofi nocraHonxu ey6on) rieeasIacuMoor Hucrra ycraHaBnr4BaeMbrx14 neo6xoAr4Mo AJr.fl o6ecneqenr.r.s orrrl4MarbHoro pesynbrar a J'reqeH wx. [Ipvt [naHl{poBa :nr4v rer{eHll.n BilKHyIo ponb B AI4arHocrI,rKerr r43foroereuuu ua6ycraHoBneHHbreB apT}1Kyn.flrop.3a JroHoBr{rparoT MoAeJrr.r, HeyAar{HoepacnoJro)Kenve VT n 6omurefi crerreHr4orBer{aer croMaroJror-oprorreA, r{eM xr4pypr, Koropbrfi ycraHannranal pacloJro)KeHr{sW, 6es nog?I. Eea ror{Horo rr.rraH[poBaHr.rs roroBKr.r coorBercrByrorllux xupyprr4qecxr.rx rua6ronoB xr4pypr He B cocrolrHl4ld rIpaBr,IJrbHopa3Mecrurt LI rroA orrrr{MaJlbrryn oprofieAnrrecKyro KoHcrpyxrlr4ro. flJacrMaccoslre xrrpyprruecxue rua6-rroHblynporqalor ycraHoeny IrIt. tr44ea.rlnnrM cr{[raerc s. acclrcrlrpoBaH[e Bpar{a-oproneAa lpr4 ycraHoexe I4 xupyproM Aax(e flpu HaJrlrqvh xr4pypruriecKoro rua6rona. Hanpuuep, KorAa npr4 xr4pyprr4rrecxoM BMeruareJrbcrBeo6napyxeH HeAocraro.{Hrrfio6reu KocrHbrxrKaHefi e Mecre ycraHoBKI{ LI, 4onxHo 6rrrl flp].IH.trTooleparr.rBHoepeureHr.reB pe3ynbrare o6cyx4eHr4r Bo3MolnHbrxr43uenennfi B paaMerrremutt14, KoHcrpyrrlrrr4 rrpore3a I{ B xrlpypn,Ir{ecKottlura6rone BceMI{qreHaMu croMaro,Tofn.recrolZ 6pura4u. Mnoruu naur{eHTaMnocre r4MnnaHTauuuseo6xoAr4MbrBpeMeHHbrecT,eMHbrerrpoTe3br.floc-ne ycranonnu 14 npu [oJrHoM orcyrcrBuu ey6oe neo6xoAr.ru 10-14-lsennrrfi
medwedi.ru
rep Bpe 3"S.
BJII4 HAI{
riod I{CH
cal
KI4 ]
TI4q. 3ilK
14. ceH
I rpo pec CHT HlIe]
rpo'
Te3a
cBu)
'EOnbCOl,l Xil)qUO)C -oH eilHohor s gtlHotfgrxee oJ -oHHo!4hedeuooncou Uoudau eg eeel.odu o.roxHenredg ea].cehe) I OrO Cre8oecuoucl4 t4 l loltEl4dol -ev{ hu4)Jgr/"teeeiodu oioderc I) -sodr4eegedou ilrcesodu oHxor/{ 'tt 'chd 4 n>soHetcA aucog
'eheds I4I4Hehrr4Hg o JedaJJqIreJaVusJ 'x 'J 'eJI-Iehr?[ Jo€Bl4€]Ioucf, tDlholfogo r4oJjvturn u eEeL -od[ rrY Fr4sorcd xrsHqrehruJtronrzr{eVsoJorqran J eseJodrr exsodr,rgegadaunesdoJaolf 'erd urcoroil s r4r4sorrc{r^ror4rr -aIIeNgI4olqHHegtlqs'uxgddreu arsaoccadrc raeglqJrquJl4JHa -I4freuVozdeu JoJ€ s oHrrohrr4')r 'r 'rqcodrros oJa aralnoltcad -aJHI4aJs eH qJnrasro 'rtroged ordnqrernncrs,eed urcasodu radVarc rtoJuauneu c tst4:aavlavrxeeeVor,rdau rwada og 'ereradarernloJoHOI4tegroI/J oJoJcIroJ aalrog tsrrHel -alreH orsrofr f, Joresr,rh€doudeearodu oronnewada redy .14 eu uxeddren 4olurdu auarcrdcro oHu{ea qHaho nr4Harsr4u{ee eccahodu g '(tt 'tud1 uweveuderen r4wrsnllueeg r4hrrqHhuJ -cene dxsodueegadau oJa uJooaodu rafvarc erd urconou nx -horrogo norlvlevfiIl wnusorcd lrchtr4mal4Hat{tr4x eearodl ec -vteg vulrcJueVe uvfl 'vunersrax{es rseeQ uoHqrrcJco ar4Hah -oJ s ltJqJeao€qroil Jex{ohr ruamlteu rurqdorox ,€aJodu urqH -nawadg JolesurseHetct wtrgavgl4xe€ eVoudan oJoHqrreheH ruHarudase€ arJolf '14 uunedtaJHr4oaJooqr{aueJceH Januirs oHsnaJelri4droeearodu-reuVawwr4exsoHeJcd reunodcoy .yt -qreg rcqJ€sosqroil uhteseJodu-renVallrruuorodorox nwadg og'rNHalrglalre€ oJoHfolroilJ oJoHHor{Iedanorcou Voudau
l'il L
il
4rr 14 -ox 4ol -ux -EI,I
-ed -E)IJ
-aht -ah, eYo alq -I4JI
-t4x
-tr res JEE
et -ge -or tsu J O ilaLi
ete't00u 14)sodileegodau buf eccev\i.Lceuu 6e)l5lA
14n -se
@_
-€)I oJol -olIi -ehI -ohl e47 orI( -aH Jax
t6
urherHeuunh foHcre.lHoU ildu uere fil)cahuUouojdo
94
Ocreouurerpaqun e
Bropofi eran xLrpyprnqecKoro BMe[laTenbcTBa ,4 MeponpilflTVfl no H3TOTOBNEHilCI cynpacrpyKrypbl
I4 s norocrb pra nyreM ycraHoBKll flocne BbrBeAeHLI.s Ha BTOpOMsTalre x[pyprl4rrecKofo SJIeMeHTOB BTOpI4rrHbrX IIauI4eHcJleAyer BHoBbo6parnro BHIaMaHI4e BMerrrareJlbcrBa Ta Ha rrrrl4eny noJlocrlr pra, neo6xoAl{Mylo An.fl rloAAepxaHrr.sxoponux ycronnfi BoKpyr Iz1.V nexoropblx [aur{eHroB, rroMr{MoMexaHr4lIecKotoyAaneHua ey6noro HaJIera (pexoMeHAyeMoroBceM nauI4eHTaM),t'loryr llctroJlbsoBarbcaxn6rgurxu. flptlr'aepno B Ter{eMr{rrecKnecpeAcrBa KoHTpoJI"fl ilocJle ycTaHoBnepnoAa 3alICI4BJIeHI4.fl HI'IeAByXHeAeJTr,Horo gJreMeHratr4 epeirteHHble [pore3bl Moryr oKaKr{ BTopI4dIHoro 3arb cyuecrBeHHoe Blrlrl'nue Ha rlpoqecc 3axtlIBJIeHI4s, QopMr4py.sM.rrrKrrenoAJlexcau{I{eTKaHI4rIoA IIoc,leAyIOUyIO cynpacrpyKrypy. Mo4e-nl4poBKa6asuca rporesa rlyreM yAaJIeHr4.rraKpl4nonofi nnacrMaccbl I4 aJlacrl4tlHoro 6aeucHoro MaTepr,ranaIIo3BoJII,{rycraHoBl4Tb creusrrft [pore3 Ha BTopL'Iqnnrfi e;reueHT,Koropbrfi na arou ararle Bblcrynaer B [oJlocrb pra. Ecrll npora3BeAenacoorBercrBylouas npnui.nraQonra rrpore3a, ero Mo)KHorIoBTopHonepe6asuposarr. 3ro yny'{rrraer pa3MerrleHr4eI{ 3axtI,IBJIe}IfieM.flrKI4x rKaHeIZ BoKpyr M.srKux rKaBTopur{Horo aJreMeHTaVI. Tlocne 3aiIcI'IBJIeHlI.rI neft (nopuanrnue KoHTypbI, uBer, orcyrcrBlle 6oaeerrx oqyqeuufi) uoxno nepeftrn K I{3roroBJIeHI4rooKoHr{areilbnofi rcoucrpyKul4ll rrporesa. B eror nepl{oA rIaIII4eHry pa3IIMMeAI{ar-[pore3oM. pe[IaeTcs rroJlb3oBarbc.g flpu rzunaarraw4r4 Ha r{acrl4qHo 6easy6ofi qenrocrl4 Ha orale BTopofo xl4pypruqecxoro BMeIrIareJTbcrBao6r,I'{Ho cHar{aiTaycraHaBnl{Balor "3ax(I'IBJIgrouI4fi" nropa'rHnrfi a,reMeHT. OrcoH.{are,'rrnufi nropuuur,rfi aJIeMeHTI4cnoJIb3ylor M.afKIaxrxanefi. Bua4y HaJru.ur4g, ToJrbKorroc,rre3axtI4BJIeHId"a (onop) cynpacpa3nr4r{Hbrxc}rcreM Bropl4r{HblxaJIeMeHToB rpyKrypbr I4x J'Iyqile no46Iaparl rrocre 3aBepIrIeHIla $a:u noA KoHKperHyIo cI{TyaIII4n. flocle ycraHoBKI4 3alr(r.rBJIeHI4.s OKOHI{ATEIbHbIX BTOPI4IIHbIX ?JICMEHTOB II3|OTABJII4BAIOT BPC-
uennrrfi [pore3, KoropblM nauneHT rlonb3yerc.aAo I{3roroBoxoHr{arerbnoro ay6nofo npore3a. JIeHufl,
qe(
MU
CT a
pri aA Nr
F\F
CTI
HC:
nP pa
Te3
Te)
no" 6o
JrlI| HA
poi
S"
qec qa€ HOI
Vh"
HOI
JIIO'
6au
AOF I
HO,
,l
nrd (
I
:r'i
ri :ti ltl!
OronqarenbHoe npoTe3ilpoBaHile
OrAa,reHHlIe noJIolKI4TcJibHbIe pe3yJlbrarbl I,IMrIraHTaLu4H r4MeTb MecTo IIpI4 ycJIoBLrLl, HrO MeTOAI4KITxupypr]r-
Moryr
medwedi.ru
Ser Ans o6x cTa
96
oHe€e)rou sogde xrqr{hoHr4vo r4lrrohrou r4dx euHersor{eJJ tr4 -3og 'sogfe xr4HvocoJr4r{exJerqaodovr qJer^rr,rFr3 owr4voxgo -eH eeaJodil oJoi{htoqJeH oJol{VHgoJ,cot^iHuHersoJo JEyrvrril oJh 'oJ $l;atsvsn 14 eH gaunu[dJJHo]r eg.,tr oJoHVo eJ]ra+ -oV 6r4Hollanee ,{sqroil s I^roJHelrdrde hrrqHqrr4oNrqhr?J 'ntaJoou gIqH -hlaJceh glgHhtas,cuvu urquYusoJcow qJI4goJoJgI4amn^{tr 'otl -rnodaa 'tr4 ruuelnaweed rrrV €Joehr auJeJcoVeH ilvu ernoy -odeu xnr4uesarogee 'xruuaxedou xrqneoudex nd11 'zwe9 -de unntrVaJoc I4htIqHrxeJHI4J aoJHar4fleuxrqVorolt d urecxr -ar' nanxdas xeravro xrtrYaden g rcrordgsrousl4 ,r,{oHgoH -Jo s 'aogde aorxaSaV xrqHhoHr4VoBt{Halflew€r tsvv 14 aogde aorxoQaV xrsHr'oHr.rVoruualuewee r;VV rqreJuenilr4rl4 'ecexdeu rniaranenrtdoSo u'4arcorrah nr4rremoH 'goyrIerc -rooc Narafiedreu:ad 14 tsltrrqc r.rouuHxor r{ BJ.Laeh -rIIrJo xrendrc xrqr.{nrwou{ a egerodu tsr4HerrsoJoJsr4 f,calr -odg 'uurueVe 4ourou udu ox{}reJ e 'eyud orougde aorxaQ -aV xrqHHaxnrodu u xrqHhoHr4VouranelnaweeHdn y1eu Vod -ouo c sogarodu nnlnrtdrcuolr olquhr4rrr4JrsHeJogedee6 'r4hteJ?JHeITII^tI4 I4eI4IIHeradC eearodu oJoHwoq,coguv 'tr1 uu 4odono c eearodu oroug,{e oronVraaorcow orslfiow orJ.) ogt4n ncsrr4vosodfi rex{oht r4JJoIIrahKaHxuH zru raauxdas eH go9 -de xrqusenedr,,tanualnaweg'sJsorran oilgrtereg orqrcoHroil eH l^toh'rar^ler,tengodll rlI^rl{xcahprJouol4g 14 I,IhtI,IxJshI4HXAJ uwvmsvgg c oHernac qJsorrfah utlgf,e€€g oHhrrJceh eH eraJ -odu ausersoJoJstr4'rausorcd xl4xJahraHexawollgxrsur,ursed dVuas tr1 u wgte rra[msr4Hedxoc eu godouo c soearodu rulrnddrcuou arqHqretrro qrr4soJoJe14eexeedgoocarafl .IAH
VI eH orrafixddresox or^{xcenuVauordo a aogde xrqHHesJJ -aJce ncxumsnHedxoc BuHahorn{s srcelflfr{uadu xrarddfi, 'uutuaYe goHroil udu .,twosoxer radaroJesJooc ger4JHaVe r{oHhlIJJeh J aoJHar4neu ,{ nprlrerHerrrrhtl4eourodll .r-nerd r4J30ro[ g rnaorc.,( au)I3ahI4Her4JI4J rOregrqr[nf a]KxeJ B 'eJHaulteu otonneV erd ur:oroil s BaHruJ xuxJlrhr uxlyddm -noxad u ott4uevtlptxte€)I lzJ)oHgocouJ ,L{Ifl4gorcf wnxaar,ulnl -oJeHe rordsrcrasrooc nr4Hegoduearoduu un\tedauo lroxcah
-ur r4lrl
-so -ad I{}Ig( Iqgei
-ce tsr4 ror -ar oHh EH
-€ -qr XIq€ .E}IJ
rdd -nl\l
ex qTD -hI4 -ehl -dx
-r(c -do -eY -ao -ah
-u -oxi
's -e -H oJ r4>
AV\1eLHeuuwvt f oHcr.relHoV r d u uere I H)cahhvo uord O
96
Ocreouurerpaur,iq B croMaronorw
npeircAe Bcefo Bo opoHTaJIbHOM OTAe,{e U B O6raCTI4 rIpeMOJrrrpoB, fAe coceAHr{e 3y6bl He noAXoAsT LIIfl. Ilpelapl4poBanpoHr{s rroA orropbr o6rF{uoro Hecr,eMHoro .MocroBI4AHoro Te3a. 6pyrccu3M, Koporxaa ry6a I4 MecrHa"fl BepBlrpaxeunsrfi rr4KaJrbHarrpe3op6uus anBBeon.spHoro orpocrKa - Saxropu, upen.srcrByrorqrre npr{MeHeHllto 14 [,ns. 3aMeIIIeHI4.s oAr'IHoquoro 4eQexra. Ec:l.t 14 ycraHoBneH rlpaBl4nbHo, Mo)I(Ho nepexoAl4rb K oproleAuarecKoMy srany. OAuaxo ecnv W cMetueH, Ao lr3roHeo6xoAI4Mo BbIrIpaBIzTb tIoJIoroBJreHr4.s cynpacrpyKryplt )KeHI{e C IrOMOrrIbrOCOBpeMeHHbIX OpTOneAnqeCKI4X SJIeMeH-
ron (pnc. 34). W AocraB rex cq^{arrx, KorAa Mecra Ans pa3MetueHl4s TOqHOrr KOHTypbr aJrbBeon.tlpHorooTpocrKa IrpI4eMJIeMbIe, nu6op Bropr4i{Horo a,reMenTatr4 we [peAcraBr.f,er rpyAHoB cocrefi. tr{ruerorc.trBropr{qHble oJIeMeHTbIpaeuofi AJTTTHbI orBercrBr4r4 c pasHofi ronqunoft cnvsvcrofi. o6o,rouxra Ha4 Kocrbro (puc. 35). Kporrre roro, o6eclerll4Baerc.sBo3Mo)I(nplallleeqHoro yr{acrKa [poHocrb Kopp errHoro o$op rtl"rreHl4.n Te3a rro orHorIreHI4IoK AecHeBoMyKpalo. Bo SponraJIbHoM orAene nepxnefi r{erlocrl4 r{aqe Bcero ficftonb3ylorc.s 6onee aJIeMeHTbI, o6ecue.{I4nalonlneIIoMecKoporKlre BTopI4r{HbIe HeBoepacfionox,eHlle npuueerlnofo yr{acrKa [pore3a, 6o"nee orBer{anurero rpe6onaullgM ecrerl4nl4. Bnr6op Marepllana An.fl u3roroB"rleHllafiporega, Borlpoc o aJIeMeHreI4 (c nolrotqblo ueero $nxcary:r'v Ha BTopI,IqHoM MeHTauJrn BkrHTa)peuratorc.g Ha 3Tale TIJIaHI{poBaHrrsr4MIIJIAHTAIII414.
nporesoB ua W, zaCH.grue cJrenKanpr{ I43roroBJIeHuI4 cyilIecrBeHHo orrl4qaerc.fl Merrlarcruux oAIaHoqHbIe4e$ercru, or r,rcrroJrb3yeMblxe o6nr.Inrrx MeroAax nporeetlpoBanvrs., rAe cJrerroKcHr4Maercsc ecrecrBeHuux sy6on. flpu I4cttoJlb3oBaHI4I4IzI c,renox cHvMalor c floMoulblo cJIerIoqHbIx KoJInaqKoB, npr4npyrreHHblxK BTopruHoMy oneMeHTyI4 unu naJIolIceHHbrxHa Hefo. C,reno.{Hlrft MarepI4aJI,Qoprua cJlerloqnoft loxxvt 14 Bcg. TexHI'IKa cnflTvrg.cJ'IenKoBollpeAen"glorc.g Tr4rroMrlpl,rMenseMoro cJIeIIoqHoro Marepuara. flocle cn.sTI,I9 cJTerIKaB cj'Ienot{Hrrfi xorna.{oK BKpyqnBaerc.tt"na6opa-
medwedi.ru
iii ';]
'l
rop
AaBi lepl
!
BACT
MEII] CTTI
3JIC} IToql
elrfi CJICI
A
rr4K) BAJI!
ueft
H!114
3are Pe.{ xofi
CKI4C
o6pa MIIq€
'94 4odouo u r,,reedxnrqe -aHcou AtDrem arHcoicced r.,teh 'emqHew ny't e-Z EH cJqg eH -xuoU elHor'toue o:outudorg er -ocrcg xBhhefurc xrxcenrunu-;r xrqHhrueed I Bcoillnot^ecuou -c14 'rcH14uYf oHeed tql"Hoy{oue orcHhhdorg '@eeduc) gg .cr1d
i$, ;ii i;l
-ahr eH nsJI4JOHeHe)rr4hrede)ir4rfJg .r^tar4Jlqdxoilhrr4)Itahrrhr -edex c rnrr4l{edex uoHVr.rJyoohtolre €I,I eJHehrelr€ oJollredgo -oJ+r4Jm r,rr4Hesosqro[cr4 radu Jor€hfrrou rqJeJqrdsad er4xc -ehI4JAJJeAr4mOdOX'hrar4Jlsduo[ htl4]IJehr4ruedey nvu llo>r -golrr4lrgo r4osoccer^rJ)erru xexHodox o vryu J3I{OI{ qhad J 'emJ,odll oJoHqraJehllouo eIrHaIrsoJoJSI4ItCIOer{I4heIII^taJet ' eJx€Jrrolr oJoHddccr4Q-oaox doJdg oJoHqrfehrr4clre w r4r4H -exorou g dorrrdur4Jde s BcJoresr4rseH€Jcf FaJcorrrohgarr ->rwrHu uaHxdas r4ravor^rar4hogsd aehdrJ r^rogorr g .HyvrBs arsHcdxr4d[arirsoxroa rqHesosqroxcr4sJrqg rdrolr dorrrrtxur -de uuxcanrlr^roreH€ rjr4HVadcs r4araVohr r4xsog€JJd 6rV ' hrocrrr{JrursHnodudaudc roresrllrJo )rouolro weJet 'redx orosanceY uufietuwu orsreh c rerdarew urss -orudne nrirHHesodr,rnuQrarceruJncoHeH €)rherrrolr oJoHhorr -arrc t{xrrem r.{dxos e}ruerrJ uoxsr4rro Vedag .I4 eJHer^rer€ orounrndols JoreHe rarqsdoredoger r,ordduJHohr r4 eJd r,rJO -oro[ t]I Joleyalfgtu yoilelf3 .e]I)KoIr lteHholrelf, ncreelnant -or oJeH eg u ellmdum tr4 l.toreudareht hrrqHholrarlcBJJeea -rqdnon xoherrro)r r4rqr{horrarc e}ruorfc rrvrrtsHt radu afne6_
-ed -ts]f BCJ -hot -3H -Ifo) -qlf(
'tsu B)Li
-et -hII{ -aII
oc aalf -Jo aalf hto -od
.ECIII4JOAII
'14eHotrleH ol4h)eddo) r4rcos -odu eufnotBuoseou'J4tqtHottoue elcHquenheuc '@eauc) ve .cvtd
-f,c eu qIfaVoN rerroged BcJoegI4IrJo l^taJeg 14 ,(I^tal4Hegwvaey -err BclvYoss r4rr4) eJHaworr€ orour,radors Joreue UrsHdor
-xc tre -oc -o 'elq
sssgg
-HA
-oJl
x -h 'Iq(
,{ -o -e -OI'
L6
uilnerHeuuml4foHcuerHev r4duuete fn)cehilUeuordo
9B
OcreornrerpauuqB croMarororhn
Ta,TJII{qeCKUfirapraC, ero [peABap]rTenbHo npl4MepsroT B rroJrocTt{ pTa rrarlr4eHTa.KapKac AoJrxceH6trrn rqareJrbHo npr4nacoBaHK BropuqHoMy aJreMeury.B.nporr4BuoM cnyqae ero nepeAeJrblBaroT. OAzuoqnue KopoHKrac onopofi Ha Vl e o6nacru nepeAuux sy6oe BepxHefi qe,Trocrr4He Ao"[)IcHbIKoHTaKT]4poBarb c .{enlocaHraf oHrrpyrou{r4Mr4 3y6 aMu IIp 14ABr4)KeHr4sx Hrr]nHert p{AoM ecTecTBeHHbre Tn, ecJrlr cTo.rrrur4e 3y6br o6ecnequsaror raKue KoHraxrbr. flporeanr Ha tr{ B o6rracrw 6oxoelrx sy6or KoHTaKTbrB qenrpalnnoft AoJrxrHbI I4Merb oKKJrloar4oHHbre OKKJIIO3I4I4.
HO Hb;
B€r
KEt
SJII
MO
f14(
op A,{ tI1
BCJ
Saueulenue 4e$emoB By6oB rpu qacruqHofi a4enruu c }ICIIOJIbSOBAH}ICM
TE
I,IMIIJIAHTATOB
rp 3y6unre VI ucnonnsyrorcs B KaqecrBe orrop [pore3oB, 3aMerrlanuux Ae$eKrbr HecKoJrbnr,rx3y6oB Bo QpouraJrbHbrx r4 6oKosrrx orAeJrax nepxnefi z H?rlcnerl qenrocrer;r(nanpnrtlep, BOCCTaHOBJTeHpTe OTCyTCTByTOilfl4X npeMonspa u Monspa BepxHefi r{errocrr4). B uepe4neM orAeJre nepxnefi qerrocrr4 qailIe r4cnoJlb3ylorc.fl6olee KoporKr4e BTopr4rrHblegJreMeHTbr (puc. 36). B Aucra,rrHbrx or4e"[ax r{errocrerl npu qacrr4r{-
Pr,rc. 36. PagHas Bbtcora npuueeqHotZ gacru rhraHoBbtx BTopt4rlHbtxoIeMeHToB no3Bolt9eT npoBo.qhrb uHE,uBtAqyanh!].y|€ npHnacoBKyKpag npoTe3a.
medwedi.ru
HI4
rp
cKI BH
MC
KOI
KO:
'queuor{ ot^hoged s ecoHodeu xr4 utcoHqufigedu n) -Hoho orgughc )oug s so)heu[/o) xrqHhououc €olottBHE xtqHdol -edogeu e4HeH4ueoc 'zt 'ct4d
-uox oJoHhoueIIS OlslIIohloII 3 qr]r{oroJ8ld
'
(Lt'xud\
oHXoI^i r,IIcdoM
tsufurdr\nro${eLutorc\trorArorx Irf,Lo&duuodrmln
, aogoco sr,rar.edgo r-e.ltrur3 m j -aztzttov tutd@ xtsgted,vesr tt 'n eH zwesatodn omnalr KoJ€ J -e\nerNeefidu Nrqsou€l oHhuJorise
aotuonere xrquwtdors eurra[a]rssd u -ew orouVo €ra lquaHlloilrss (oexdffi ru :arcalfldlnll4adu Vrd Jeehll4 ecexdmr ' 'edaeer otounadegr c olqllowolr nrta t{oLB$[gmlm YCtU,,{eqlon)u
n)rsoJoJe? w?rJ€
J aJJatIs
-rrJ oJa rtrV
BzJeegr[rlJo
eatodu
ceydest
qJewrrHJ Jagrogeolr
al,k
-olr J tr4 ,truarrtere,twoHr'xdors )I grququalr{r{r4Vaoo lj[uoahl,IVouordo ltJreemnnffi -dex s vurmeYe goHhtIJJ"h radn saehan
' qr.{ rnr.rsusrr. r rpnrrsrn{rro(err. -odrr xuV uAmoY 4umr,rtu euEuemrynrr -r'r.rdora arql{Ilultv eerog ncrornnarrrrdu mr&r
66
nuneJ.HeulJt
tu tloqeaeLHev
ndu
uel.e Uu\cehvveuoldo
Fi trt
.cuoUor^l orfr.ogede ecoHodeu xH r4rcoHqurgedu ra, -Hehootguehc )oug s so)heuuo) xtclHhougucsoJoueHg xtcndor -edogeu euHeHuuooC.Lt .ct4d
medwedi.ru
i
-r10x oJo'holrelfs 'rsrflohrofi 3 qJr4goJOJ€r' 'rJ)KOhr '(Lt 'Jlrq SrrsdoJox rndxduhuaJ'eJm orqrtrohror 3 Bcreddr4'odrHox oJh 'qravolr oillogud elr l4hreJlrar^larf€ rrhrrq'hr4doJs drxalnr tTuaovcfi xls'Horrr'e,,w conedau *[rr'hoJ €H ar4'ewr,r's '.goJo qJr4Jedgo Jedyarf3 'goxhe,,rox xrgrrholarfc xr4x3 -ahrr'ox ra xrs'redvesx 'nl,{doo arsHrrr,rreed ncrorrn,awradu orsreh goJ,e c 'r4 eH lrhresalodrr uorxaQav xrqHho'r'Fo ,nr4' -arflal^Ie€ rad' wrsg*IeJ oHh]4JOIfeH€I,II4JHaV' rzounrarcen udu goJ'ohtar€ xrsHh[dors al,r'olflal^tg€d u soxlarfJ aI,IrIrHJ 'erreJI4Jevevdat
I
Iq 1
e ' t4 -
-er{ oJo'vo av IqHe}IroTrres /rpuA^r ,
:srcarr.,rr^M"o"o";l:fi ;.""!ffi ffH#)JJ:*.j#J"".'J
'edeeen o{qrfiowort o oronnedese 'ecexdex oJOSOHeJ vrr tsrrv r4xsoJoJet rcror,.tsqrouJvr r4va hroJHer4ralf€ wr4xsehr4vauordo III4J€ J eJJahtrarrcJaeg[Irro cardex grdxJehr,rrreJe4 .rqHeuJ -r4J oJe rfirv eaJodfi lrJewr4HJ,"rrro"lo' oJh ,eJHr's orqr,'ow -on ) t4 duralrane drrour'radors x HtrrH'esoceur4du ,J'atrrar€ grqHSnaJr4Hr'rtraoc *r4xsawrve'ordo roJaehorrflrs egarodu cex -dex a za*raVe r4orrh_rrJJeh ndu saehd 'erdnrcon ons.xttr't4duoderu ,."X""*T##X%S"*
-odu rn' udrco' Wumntfu ar'frroresr,rharrtego,rqJHar,{a'€ atqH -r'radors arquurarv aalrog rcJornHahrrrdu arren u'rr*aye rroH 66
4 go JO
-5 3
ae oH g
vunerHevul,{.u [oHqrrerHaundu uete fil)cshr4Ueuordg
1 00
OcreouHrerpaUilq B croMaronorilh
larrKa. Iloc,re4Hr,rfi rroMelrlaercfl Ha rra6oparopur[i aHaJrof BTopuqnoro aJreMeHraVI, uaxoaaurdtcs. Ha pa6oqeft lroAenu, VTo$opru,raerc.s e 6ror xuMr.rqecrcr{-.uJrv cBeroorBepxcflpu n"rracruaccofi. oroM cJrerroqnbre Kornar{Kr4 4aeuofi AoJIxcHbr6lrrr, ro.{Ho npulacoBaHbr K "na6oparopHbrMaHaJIoraM BTopr{rrHbrxg,{eMenron tr4 AJrs rapaHTI{I{ ToqHocr}r r,r3roTOBJreHr4fl rrrTaHreHur4pKyns. Izlgroroe,TeuHmfirrrraHreHrlr4pKynbAoJr)KeHTor{Ho noAxoAlrrb KaK x ,ra6oparopHoMy aHanory BTopr4qHorogJreMeHra VI na pa6ovelt MoAeJIu, TaK rr K BTopr4r{HoN{yeJTeMeHTy B rroJrocrx pra [aqr{eHra. C [oMo[Ibro rxraHreHur4pKyn.f,oueHrrBaercg rorrnocrb pa6oueri MoAeJrLr,a rarc(e coorHolrleHl4e
p)
BTOpI4TIHbIX eJIeMeHTOB rrpl4 I{X [epeHOCe
)K(
MO.4eJIb. I{ro6lr
I{3 IIOJIOCTI4 pTa Ha
KA
OT
nc
I{V
pa
3T
KO
pu
pa
BA ycraHoBr4Tb
MoAeJ'II{
.Ierlocrefi
B
flpocrpaHcrBe
apTl4KyJr.rrropa B rleHrpanbHoM cooTHorrreHr4l,r [plr .{acr}.r.rHofi a AeHrr4r4,r{cflonb3yror c"rloKKJrro3r{oHubre Ba trvrcyr.E "naro4apa BxJrroqenr,rnoproneAl,IqecKr{x KoJI[arIKoB B rrprzKycHofi ura6roH (nosxe nx ycraHae,rr4saror B oKoHgare.rrbHoMKapKace nporeea) ynyquaercs r,{x [pl4tracoBKa,rrocaAKar4 KoHrpo,rb. 3areu pa6ouue MoAe.III4ycraHaBJrr4Barorc.fl B aprr4Kyn.srop B rroJroxeHrar4rleHTpanbHofi oxx"rrnsrara. Kapxac cylpacrpyKrypbr Qraxcupyercx BocKoM HenocpeAcTBeHHo Ha opToneAr4qecKuxKorlar{Kax, KoTopble[pr4Kpyr{I4Barorc.f,K BropLIqHbIMa,reuenrau IzI. Koucrpyxqux Kapxaca olpeAer.sercs Marepr4aJroM, arr6pauuuM AJr.rrr43roroBJrenr4.rr cyflpacrpyKrypbr. Kapxac ro4 Merar"[oKepaMr.F{ecxufi npore3 rroqrlr He orJrr4qaerc.rlor raxoBoro A,rg o6nr{Horo HecbeMHoroMocroBr{AHoronporesa. flepe4 HaHeceHr4eM KepaMr4qecKofo[oKpbrTr4jr KapKac rrpr4MepsroTB rroJrocTr4 pra naur.reHra.Kapxac AonxteH rdMerbror{Hy}o "[accnBHyro" [ocaAKy. B nporunuoM cryqae rd3roraBJrr,rBanr nonufi xapKac, Koroprrft npunacoBblBaercsK KoHcrpynqura. Ec"uu xapKac xopolllo rroAorHaH, IrepexoAsT K cneAyroueMy sTarry rrpoT$rrpoBalll,l.s.. Ecrur e KapKac craB.f,r rrcKyccrBeHnnresy6rr, neo6xo4uuo o6ecnequt, pereHl{}rrc c rloMorrlbro BocKa LrJru xytMvv'ecKl4M rryreM. Ecnu Lns BoccraHoBJrennaSyuxqnu, $oprubr r{ scTerI4KI4sy6on ucflo;lb3yerc.g KepaMr.rxa,To KapKac MoAeJrx-
TC
IIJI
' 'l4l4l.Holle l4du 4OHI/OU r4rco{rrohroHxl4H eH ',1 eH htoe -e10du
medwedi.ru 'S0IHAWeUe
r/,ilcHUHSO1COy'l yltqHhle
XtqHhhdo.Ls l4loueHV
'quororA seh09ed
-aH c suevolI behoged 'gt 'c14d
-vlv -ce hII,I)I OI^II
du -de -de ,,Gl 14J -I,IH -hlql -aht -OJ Bltfi 'acp)de)
eH
so9^e r{14hec)14O
'ce)oe>
411)CAhrlrIUelalA
-r.r -OT
14tqHcelt t t4fiexAvtI4 tsUt )co8 14tcsoeod
'eeorodu a c e ) 0 e ) e Ho t c H H e u E e r c o u ' tcgAeatcHHosrocA)o14
sd 'qr ec -ge rde .IqJEJFIEIIT
-wu ecs eH or{d3r^roHsedqJHrevaduced dveddreu ordnsrar -eser{ rsgoJh 'aogds xrssoxog .,rxeJr{ox goaouur{dr,, qJeg -eVtoc oueedgoocayelr r4ueo{rxxo uosoxog s oJ ,qJOoHHeu{ -rrodu ordmqrog Jeahru H soxrqr)T HJJergo s Haxorouced rlrJerrr€rrrrwu eu godono r earodu urqHltisoJcow r4rJA ' rqJeJHerrulrr{ rrexr.id,reir eH wrsHsreruosr4d -or radsrcrruadir xtsI4Eorrxxo xrssojoq s goxrqrx JxeJHox xex )reJ 'nrogocollc wrqHhlsgoro{esrrrseHerc.{ eeetodu oro.le rvgde araunasrecfxca oJ 'aoxrqrx rrrf,el-go s aH Haxorouced IqJeJHerruwn erl uodouo r earodu rrrqHtrlsoroohr I4rrJA ' red.iredaur^{er xr4xr}rH eellog rzdu rerataeJr4)I{go' exilrteda:t KeHqrejrneur mrarteerou -cu eceydell oJoaoH€Lal rrxsorurgo sLf .aased oHecl{ro olrlsg x€x 'uvdegc Hoirdager Iiorors}i i\oiiHSrsoJoJgl4 ,ACeX -dey es rcrorddllcxuQ rsg,re Jrqlrgagif,:.-.-::11.axros s rorfd
t0 [
40H asJ:
eHl auHi
-aI s EIH(
-ox -OJ€
-oIr I4)Ih
-xd -e JOIT
hilhe.tHeuuy'lr4 hdu uere Xil)cohilUouordg XoHcueLHoU
B croMaronorur4 1O2 Ocreomnrerpaqhs
flo.nHa.s aAeHTr,rsua nepxHefi r,rnuxnefi rreJ'rK)crgx
HbI
rp I4geanuuoit oproneAr4qecxofi KoHcrpyKrlner? npra nonnoii ailerTlrv .rrBJlflerc-rr Hecreltgnrl? MocroBI,IAHufi npores c oropofi Ha 14 (pvc. 38), ornuqatouqr,ritcnBL,rcoKHMr4 $yuxquoHaJTbHbIMr.t u Dcrerr{r{ecxnMn Kar{ecrBaMl4.Olnaxo raKue rrpore3br rroKa3aHbrHe Bo BCex cJ'ryqa.sx.HexoropbrM rrauu-
Ha.
eHTaM OHII He IIOAXOAST BBI4Ay HaJII4rIl4g aHaTOMrr{ecK}Ix
qe"
tI
SyHrqnonaJrbHbrx oco6eunocrett. VIz $unaHcontrx coo6paxenufi'y [arltrenroB c rroJrHbrM orcyrcrB]reu sy6on qaqe u3roraBJrr4Baerc.rr cbeMnbrfi nporee c $urcaqraefi ua LT. Eclu norep;r ecrecrBeHHbrxey6on u arpo$ua aJrbBeoJr.rrpHorooTpocTKa rrpr4Benr4K BO3HI4KHOBeHI,Im Cepbe3HbIX aHaroMr4arecKr.rx 4eQexroe, To raKr4e [poresbr gBrqrorc.s cpeAcrBoM rsr6opa. Ec,rra rauerotur4ec"{o6tel,r r4 KaqecrBo KocrHbrx rrcaneft rro3BoJrgror ycraHoBr,rrb ABa uJru rpu 14, Taxnte rroxa3aHbl cbeMnble npore3bl. Ecnu uoxHo ycraHosntn 4 ra 6o,ree W, u Her orpaHnr{eHuit co cropoHbr KocrHbrx rranefi rr aJTbBeo,T.spnofo rpe6Hx, nyqrue r.I3roroBl4TbHecteunrrtZ MocroBl4AHlrfinpores. flpu or"nrHoft peaop6qnra r4 yrpare sy6oe Bo3Hr4Karor npo6neulr, cB.fl3aHHbre c gcreraqecKaMr{ u @ouernuecxr4Ml{ HapyrueHlzsura.3alteuleHne yrpar{eHnbrx rxanerl HecbeMHbrM MocroBIlAHbIMrrporesoM qacro HeBo3Mo)KHo.O4Haxo eru anaroMur{ecxue4e$errbr Mo}nHo noAxoppeKTr{poBarbc rroMorrlbrocbeMHofo npoTe3a, $nrcuponaHHoro ua tr4. Kporrle roro, Mo)KHoyryqrriurb screrr{Ky v $onerury. C,roxna.s KoHcrpyKur4.rlHec:beMHoroMocroBr4AHoroilpoTe3a MO)ICeT OfpaHI4r{I4Tb f[r]IeHr4r{ecKr4e
Mepolpl4gTr4.g
B lro-
Jlocrr{ pra. B raKux cnyqa-sx cJreAyer [peAnor{ecrn creunnrfi npoTe3. flaquenravr c 4e$exraMw nJru He6naronpr4srHbrM coorHoIIIeHI4eMvelrccreIZ, orptlrlarenbHo BJIrI.flIoIuI4xHa 6uouexaHl4r{ecKrre csoftcrea MocroBI4AHoforlporffia, rloKa3aHoI{3roroBJreHzecbeMHbrxrrpore3oBc $uxcaquefr ua VI12. W \aqe Bcero ycraHaBr'rl{BarorHa nuxuerZ qenrocrr4; oAHaKo gro He o3Har{aer, rrro tlpore3br c ouopofi sa VI ga eepxuefi qe"rlocru He Moryr l{Merb Mecro. Eo,rlrunucrBo rraIIrreHToBc no,rnofi aAenrraefiHoclrr o6uqHue rroJrgbrec:beM-
UIU
Ba!
Ont
HO
HI4
IIp,
TOI
TE:
no
KO:
3TZ
IIO.
T4 I
BT(
cHl IIat
Bal BC
oK(
medwedi.ru 'werHoy{ere wtqHhr4dorE ) etqHHoh^d)hdu ,h)heuuo) otqH -houeuc ol4)cahuHo) '6t .cl4d
-hi:
-et E
-tr -3I -J
I4I9
-ot -o
-hollarc ersHJedtresx nsJollrHar^u4d[euuars OJoHqrfeJehHo]ro nr4HsrfgoJoJtutsvu'htoc[r.rJ r^ilsHhodildeudcr4ol^reJf,r4c 4e3s oc aJcet{s JolesurJo r4 hteJolrer{e wrqHdoJedogev xr4 x Jores -rsaoceuudu'soJHawere xrsuhl,rdora sr4 Jolexarstl4 l4iherr -rrolr erqHhouer3 '169 ctad; )rorarrJ grqHJeHr4JsreJorer{r4HJ I4 l4xhelrrou erql{holere rotddurHow xeJllar^talr€xlql{hzdors eH eneherrS 'aogrte aorxaQav xrqHhr{JJehHr4Hamawesudu u xex 'ax xeJ ltJJrvosodu sorHahtarr€xrqghradors 6r4Halr{orol -ced rulredrcr,rred neHhoJ rr r{Jcorrah pog1:er,,9 )rorrarr3 .EUEJ€
otoxcanra7auordo ereheH oV rarcasgr4odura.,(Vare xrqdorox dogVou'rqrHar{ar€ arsHnndors arsHHr4IrVaerrog qJesogqrou -JI,r oHxoht 'atqgtaludondu xen rcroresxdrernrccedeH sogeJ -odu xuxer esJoahex ar4xrahr{raJf,e}rex xeJ .n (douo) soJ -HAhtaIr€xIsHI'I,IdOrAIqHelrJHJqJJOr{X{Ot{roseHadtor{cdvadu qJlqg
eHlKIroV
'kfi4rJJeve
I4oHIiou
udu
qJJoIIrah
OIO{H)I(HI{
eH xlqhreesr4rfgeJoJgr{'xrraIx,r.dmHo)r xhuJanraVauordo g 'eearodu rnrnecuuQ sprHamF,dy.{ orsran J tr4 sJr4Hawraduonxor{ l{JJorLan lrenrdag eH eearodu oroH -rou zulruerad .14 ndg eu rliodouo 4oner,"arudosraraor.iau - lHerrdee c earodu I4IqHVr4BoJJoH qres lrrsualrreHdarsre -otqroil3l4 arurrdr'ltoearodu JiICHhJCgo o{IlHe€Iotqifouxl4r[ -ordarcrruadu'aor:raQer xrliJahrriroreHe xll:idtr Hr4ht4veH aendnc s. uvv r4JJorrah HaHxdae liirngcioead 4ouaruc udu oxeHVO 'BerooHr{dJ eag rrrJo{r'anrjaurdts eH rqcetodu arqs
t0t
-e XI -ol
,
o BJ XI
-o
-e -e t 4 -},I ell: -o -oI
r4
ililhe.tHeruy{r4foHcuerHoU udu uere 4u)cohrUeuordg
1O4
Ocreounrerpaqhe B croMaronorhr4
pr
JI9
BA
TO oKoHPuc.4O.!.na h3roroBaeHhq qaTenbHoTocJrenKaucnonb3yloT crenoqHble KornaqKBaApaTHbre ru. Onu coeAhHqlorceMexAy coor6ofi npu noMou-ll4xuMr4qecK!4 BepxAaeMoil nnacrMaccbr, coxpaHefl npocTpaHcrBeHHbreBsa-
BA
I 4 M O O T H O U e H [ 9B O B p e M q C H 9 Tr49 CIenKa.
HI
Hb
TC
o
TE
Jt5
pr
JI5
Hbre KoJrrraqKpl,KoTopble xopouo $uxcNpyloTc.fl B c,IleilOqHoM Marepr4ane 6rraroilaps ux $opue (puc. 40). Sror c-neIIOK r43BJIeKaIOT I43 IIOJIOCTI4pTa naUI4eHTa TOJIbKO IIOCJIe TofO, KaK BCe BI4HTbI' COeAI'IH.flmUII4e CJIeIIOTIHbIe KOJ'UIar{KI{ C
K)
AI I L
BTOpI,IqHbrMr4 3JIeMeHTaMI4, OTBI'IHqeHbI. flepe4
cHgrI4eM
u],j.ArrBvr!.ya"[bHble
oKoHr{areJlbHoro cJIerIoqHbIe
ciTerlKa I43foraB"III4BaIor
JIoxKI4.
@OpUa
cnerlor{Holu
BaBvrcur or KoHcrpyKuI4I4 3y6Hofo rpore3a: MocroBr{AHbifi rlpore3 c ollopofi Ha 14 I{rlI cbeMHblfi npore3 c $urcaquefi Ha I4. B noc"reAneM cnyqae ueo6xoArlpt c,'IerroK kr Bcefl lepexoAHoIl cr"naAnn (xax npu I43roroBJ'IeHI'IH rfoJtroxKl4
Horo c:beMHoro [pore3a). "IIox(Ka Ant c]F'srvrg, cJ'Ie[Ka rIoA c orlopofi Ha w He AonxHa rIoKpbIBaTb [poTe3 MOCTOBITAHbIfi lepexoAHylo cKnaAKy, a ToJrblto HaKJ'IaAbIBaeTcgHa aJIbBeoJrspHbrfi fpe6eHb I{ peTpoMo,{.gpHble 6yropxu, BaxcHble npl4 orrpeAeneHlrl4 oxKJllo3uonnofi rIJIocKocrI4 npore3a. B o6eux 4oJroxcKax BoKpyr cJIeIroqHbIX KoiTrIaqKoB Ao,I)KHo 6url craror{Ho Mecra Ang pa3Melllenn"g Heo6xoAl4Moro KoJII4rIecrBa cJleloqHoro MaTepuana. flpex.ae r{eM cHI'IMaTb oKoHr{aTeJ'Ibnnrft c,'renon, neo6xoAl4Mo aKKyparHo rIpI,IKpyrI4Tb KBaAparHbIC
C,'ICNOI{HbIE
KOJIIIAI{KI4
HA COOTBCTCTBYIOUII4C
BTOPI'II{HbTE
DJIeMeHTbr,a 3areM coeAI'IHI{Tbux g 6"[ox arpz,ronoft rIJIacruaccofi. Clenon cHIrMaIor ruo6uu cJIeIror{HbIMMarepI'IaJIoM. Pa6ouyro MoAeJIb or"III4BaIor I43 cyrlepilporlHoro rl{nca.
rl o:
tI.
w H
3t
or
l{r
T(
3' II
p p a
c
J\
o p
90 t
medwedi.ru
ausoHeJJou r,rdu'r.rxr{dJeH l:IoHqlraJesa}K anHaravadxJed eorldewoHsed orfnorcgirhax Jego' qJloxJoru otrtuuoueounnro raeYeoc aoirdoJ{g xisudrr"oltodred u gtt ri{HeurshrJ uuHyrv aog.ie rigHHegJJJr{yrl.t woran{ J HJJorreh UeH>y.HH eraoHen -o1 'aogfe xnnVadau ri-LJel'gos xorcodro iarsHdrroassre eH .,txefdreH qJI4mqHJii-i ravoir rsrrqdxadeu orosolead aurramquar{^ 'gaJ3orlah -qaHxrrrnlr lraHxdaa aog,{e xusvad -atl Il4Hamor{JooJalqHsl?rHosirciorrr erqHqrexurdas'qldu grrqsonsad HirsHsreJJirJeJirJliJJoHJo lrr'iH X 'ardtr 4ou9fe a aogde xlqlrHaaJf,J,rxrtr alnrai{orou eH aurlloltsurg 'IqdoJ -xe$ arsnnuveed oJJaIi rolai\li eog,ie r{xsoHeJJou aVr4sr.,{ox -er r,rdg 'ur{rorrxxo Hourieeodu€rrl€sJHur a rrVoaodu aog -de dxaoHeJsolr '€rBrJaJs qresosqrolJli ra,{yarc rugde urg 'noeddreH xulnor,taro4raf rliHaraedueu eliodruox uresodr4s -llhtrraJrro aurrorrroseou'ao9ie xrqHHagJllfxcn rsr{doQ alsu -qrefilafiIrartc rsuerogedeed'I4 o{slrronoil J xrqhraesurseJoJtr.r 'soeerodu '(I4 wV r4eulreJxnQ eH c rjrisHwas.cr4rr4 sarodu aufix,{drcuo)r oJa ro 14 eu 4odolo c earodu r4rqHlfr4soJcow) ol^tl4cr4s€taH'egeJodllecexdex tsI4HarsoJoJtr4oV Jlrvoaodu aog.{e xrqsnasrocfycn ,{xsouercou n dogrsa oHhrsgo 'urrtu orongetcfc 0.r -oHqreJJI{Jec nord srr4aoHem{ r4Jcollrah uuuaxugy BaHxr4H xusVodau orqmowou c onrr4Voxgoau aogde uxaouercou o[ 'eyxres o.loscfy -udu orosoncos olslflohtrolIJ ogdoraor Jolesr4Helro'doJlrr -duu.lde s erqhrucoHadau'eunamor{Jooc aousredrHefi u rsd -aweed arqrJqrelrnJdag'uuuemor{Jooo lnronqredrsalt g dorrr -dxurde s Jor€surseuercd r,Iravow ar,rhoged 'aoeerodu xrqH -Iforr xlqHhrqgor,Ir.IHaraoJoJtI4 udu rorsHawlzduarsdoJox 'waJ qJloHHa)rcrrodt ra ewdo6 IqHhI{JoreHe exurea oroucdxudrr 'dorrrdunrde g coHadau grqHqrusedr H erd nrcoro[ s eraJ -odu orlrltnared ordsxaVeu il{haucego (eeeJodu cexden 4rsn -qrerehHolro s rqHeoesadaurdvfg r{eJer ai<dorox; exures woncdxudu g soJuewere xrqHqreJlrHr4treoJxux3ehuVauoJ -do eysoceuudu renr.oJ 'hreJHar{alrenrqHhr4dor.sx erqHHes -oceul4dr omodox'lrxnves atsur.,(xi4durswr4troxgoasadorrr -fvurde a r.rrovor{ eavrreua u erdxudu uufiedr.ru:ad rrfi 'srdxdfirHaJr{erm roldeqroucz r4l.ayor,rgar,oged es erd I4JJOTOI gnAOrCrt
6r4HevSO?COg HJsOr{hOJ nrOdrUOU
.WO _JJ?] EIqH]
-re -YX d
BgJ:) -UU XilAC
udu -oa qJe
trou -ro YOU l e 3 -oJc(
4oH JOIE
c 14 -oJ
-au: -ho
rr['
IhherHeuuhn4XoHquel-HoU r4duuere Kh)cahhueuo-rdo
T
ti,i 1 06
i j
OcreouHrerpaLlhs B croMaronorilh
HI,IlCHrrx3y6oB rro ueHTpy aJrbBeoJrrpHofoorpocrKa co3AaeTcfl 3y6Has Ayra c 6"naronpnxrHbrMr,r ycnoBLrflNrtr AJrtr KoHraKra 3y6oB-aHraroHucroB. Cos4aurae KprrBort Spee rz Wilson cnoco6crnyer cno6o4nouy cKoJrbxeHr4ronzxsefi
HO
KO A(
HO
IIETIOCT14.
MC
floc"ue npr.rMepKr4 eocroeofi [ocraHoBKrr ay6on B rroJrocr]4 pTa rrarlr4eHTaHaquHaeTc.flI43roToBIeHr4eKapKaca [poTe3a, xoropuft o6lr.{Ho orJrr{Baror vrnrr cBaprrBaror Jra3epolr. Curuxouoertfi BaJII4K,I43roroBJleHuufinepe4 nocranonrofi ay6os e BocKe, o6ecne.runaer sy6noro rexHr{Ka neo6xo4nlrori nHQopvraquefi no r.r3roroBJreHr{}o KapKaca [pore3a. C noMOIIIbIOSTO|OBaJIUKaMOX('HO OIIeHpITbHaJII4r{I4e MeCTaMe}tsy6ou oprorreAalrecxr{M I{ coeAr4Hr4TeJIbHbrM sJreMeHToM ny KapKaca. Paccro.sHraeor Hl,rxHeft noeepxHocru KapKaca Ao 2-3 uru. flpu MeHbrrreMpacAecHbrAoJrlcHo 6nrrr rtrprrruruyrur crosnvrkr 6yaer 3arpyAHer{a rr4rr4eHarroJrocr}r pra. Xoporune ycnoBr,rs Lns [poBeAeHn.fl rr4fr4eHr4r{ecKr4xrueponpuarrrl co3Aarorc.s npu o$opMJrenvrv nraxuefi cropoHbr Kapxaca B erruyr,rofi Soplre n npv He6olrurofi ueqHo-.fl3brvuofi npoT.'IxteHHocT14. flpn uaroroBJreHr4r{ nporffioB c onopoft Ha VI B KapKace rlporesa AonlKHa 6nrrt cosAaHapereHrltrr nns rrJracrMaccbr, yAepxr4Baroruefiay6u. f,nx rapracoB cbeMHbrxrrpore3oBHa W uvetorcs. Apyrne cnoco6u co3AaHr4.spereHur4r4(pereHuraoHHbIeaJTeMeHTbI BBoA.grc.tr e socxonofi raprcac). Kaprac [pore3a neo6xo4iruo npr4Mepurb B noJrocrr4pra naIIr4eHTa14oueHlrrb efo penTreHoJroralrecKll,T. K. [,ns, 6voMexaHLIKpI IIpOTe3a OqeHb BilKHa
pe pa Te
co
KO
AB
AB Krt
qa
np
a,
J.
TOqHag npI4IIaCOBKa MeCTa
coeArlHeHr4sKapKaca c VL Ecnrt KapKac npr{nacoBan HeyAoBJIeTBOpr.rTeJrbHO, Hafpy3KI,I
TO
B STOM yrIaCTKe
MOryT
IIpeBbI-
rrrarb Aonycrr4Mbre. Ilde"m MexAy Bropr4qHbrMaleuenron .[4 r4 rrpoTe3oMnpr4BeAerK HepaBHoMepHoMypacflpeAeneHr4ro HafpysKr4,qro 3aMerHocnr{3r4Tcpox cJryxr6tt W. Ec,rn npu Br43yaJIbHo M uJItr peHTreHoJlorr4qecKoM o6creAogaHr4r4orMer{eHa HeyAoBnerBopr.rreJrbHarr trpr{[acoBKa KapKaca K W, ee KoppeKrr4pyroT,a 3aTeM [epexoA.sr K cneAyrorueMysrany I43roroB-IIeHI4"fl cyllpacrpyKrypbL WccneilosaHr4.flnoKa3aJII4,qro MaKcI4MaJrbHag oKKJTIo3I4oHHas Harpy3Ka Ha npore3br c onopoft ua 14 npw6J'rr{3r4reJrb-
4.
5.
o.
7. 8.
L0l
edfuederury
medwedi.ru
EH 'Iq:
' - : 6V | LL6|,lloculddt-l :erqdlepelqd 'soseqlsold pue r$o;o1ue1du1lelua6 .ly\l lered
-III
'9tl-6t l-:6961'ecuessalulno '8 peletOeluroessglleuleu?lg eqI '(spe) VC ;obecrq3 '1ue1du.r1 qlez'l uossqerqlv:ul 'uolleltltqeqol luaulleell lelo ut Ouruueld .L uo sosoqlsoidpeler6eluroesso 1o lcedr"ureql C eqblequeelguen '9Zl-Lll:696f 'ecuessolulnp :o0ec;q3.lueldul peler6eluroassolreurouglg oql '(spe) VC qez 'L uossqelqp '9 :u; 'lueureceldorqlool e;6ursio1 seldrcuu6'f uolsrol ,n urloqlo'l '861-99 t : S 8 6t 'scuosselurnO:obeclqg'fulstluoo leclullC u! uolle.rOetrutoosso ' '(spe) ,Ve pe1el0e1u;-enssrl :sesaLllsord qlez I uossqeiqM 'l-d 'uorlel0elutoesso ol uotlcnporlul'l-d lleulou?lg Ireurouprg:u1 :t ' l .l - 6 :[ 6 6 I ' A u e d u _ r o g 'v 6u1qsr1qn6 rop(et :se1pq 'u.regsAg outlu.usoql 'S st^e-i .f{S leled ' Lgl- Lgl'Lt, .selnpeco.rdfuoleioqe; -te:6861 'ecuaLuvoJn3 neftqs; :slno"t ]S 'eS s$e-t 'lll laulneg 'c lecrurlc:ulelsAg1ue1du1 lleurougrg oqJ_ I '066 'ecuessolurno [ .UM Aeuel ,q1 .rofe1 'z :o0ecrq3eoy{ rol {eq1 e.ry :s1ue1du1 leluae
-qt -14
.{ e3 -at ttd OIII
VI -Iq{
-o eJ
-o EJ
act
-o 'soteJodx xrsrHneqc trrrn xrqr{hralroaHxrqHhrqgo r4xJo9€d9o Jo BcJaeh -rIIrJo oHqrfaJr,rheHeeH €H rqddJxddrcedudc e}rJogedgo I{ 's,IqJlIeJHOXaIqHIIOIIEOITy -xo elgHlrol^tedsev)Kadx JoIdsJJJdCrO raleorreh xlfl4He){(I{str xrsHr'r4reed udu 'oJor er^rodx 'I4JJOrrrahr,Iar{)KI4IIxBHHaxldsf udu uodorc galnorddn)Herreg 14 gehoged sogd€ soJxeJuox xunnodorcfaY u nueoilrxxo 4rouueaoduturesJul4r ar,rH€veoc rcradtrnanrouad qJaVt 'tr4 rsJHawer€ arsHhr4dors eH 14 raJ -od[ grsHweslc eH r.rxsfdJeH KoHHor4sorr]rxo Br4r{araVaduced oJol{dahroHsed orsralr c r.rraaorcd xrqHHol{€orryxo xrsnrxad -doy auuarwdoQo oHxea qHaho 'earodn 4rqHneqt r4rqHrrol r{JJonfah pralnorddnHoJeJHeeu e 'tr4 en earodu KrsHVl,rsorool,{ rrJcollfah uouVo eH xralrrorewu 'soJHelrlteu xrsgdeteg orqJOoH -rox d 'r,.u,aogdexrqHHegrcerca orrtsoxeJ qJemrqsadn rax -ol^r exe.{drerr eJe eVJoHtr4'aogds xrqHHesJcalce oJyeruhrox hroHrrorr udu oreaw r4alflorer{ta'exeddreH radsrcrastooo or{
s Fk aldl
-3
otr htoi -oII 40t
-fe -r4 'eE 14I:
4e 7 4
rrI -gol
uvlleLHeuuv,rnf oHcue.t-HoU hdu uer€ fhxcehhUeuordO
erd rrcouou a tlnLy,vtduodol^ XN)CAhTHAIAJIAJ
enhtedlodu BeHcue^uvavtvHlA
.Z,TI^ItsT],1IIj. UhIISH9{E I{ {IOXIAITI 4OH
-9d€ auHesoeqrrou aoHsrusedrr eH oHeffl€dgo qJrsg ou)ffiroV al4HehruHsaomqrog 'erd umoror s rusorcd araxcarrrrHar{J -u: eumodox nelnotesr4 heuoego, untunduodahr xl4)rcehr{I{arrJ -rar enrruedrodu nenqve tlYuauyupr vJ JeBvserJoc olqrell no.l,e 'aogrte u erd rrJ3orroll rqHeHJr4J eI4HnoJcoJ aonqrarudog 3 -rarsoVd sreguxdetrVorr qr]oHgoJorr? qJesodudrcuolrroVodu Fraxro7 JHeu[lerr Br{}raharr runesodl{Herrr arrere eH alng
'VIeli. eeerodu rflH -egodrurozfixu,{Q oronmaucd 14oJoHquornrV doryee gnruar -htellJoaH ore lrHer,rx anrlehal g rswl{edrodu rzoxcanraHal4Jl4J rzneaogedr ecs irJnHrourqs eJHaralr€uqrcorrgoooul n avlrerrJ -oc oJe - ursrdasre6 'rswr,tedrodl qroxcehr4HorrJrrJ JHohrow &rqHx€s pruredr, - unlruddrJHox srcahe)r xuxcahr4Jam€ r{ xrqHqr/eHor,{[xudSsrodrHox,soJr.rsr4s xrsHdorso[ ewxxad auuaVorngoc eorodr3 'garrelrJ xnfiorexddxo v lI Br{r{noJ -coJ e)Klr€Je 'eearodu rqHelIJrrJruaodd wl4HYercox l4xHelo olsrefi c dr.eds u rqJr,rsusarsndorgou auxf,ehr4Voradau- Hod -oJg 'htoJHarafieueJereH orongde nxmwrg rrodlnoy qJcor{ -xol^ttos oJarfiolesr4hexcago'eld lIJtoroII IqHerrJ]IJ 4olrhr4rfeH 'erHer^rowxrqHsoHoo -ertr oraHarrseJcocKrsadel 7 Joehorrxs ru,rfreJueruhrr,rarcorr soJHor,rn€[ nr4rraVorrrgeuewwedrodg
lU
p
's
f lu u
'fe
6oozzey 'I ppqcrry
tAtAT-rc LHe lrut/\l14o Lrcou s orHo rfi e u o h Houo{uge H
:o u 'l
u .ul
OI
E
1 10
ocreouHlerpallile B croMarororr4ll
floc"ire ycraHoBKr4W (ua Saee eaxue,reuu-s) neo6xoAur'r cr4creMarr.rqecxrafiKoHTpo"rrbrurr4eHbr rroJrocrr{ pra A/rs npe_ Ayrlpex(AeHr4g BocnaJrureJrbHbrx sr'ner_uir, B TKaH.rIx, orcpy_ )Icaroulrx ecrecrBeHnmesy6w u W. floc.rue BcKpblTr4"rr W v yc.tauoBKr4tsropr4qHbrxgJTeMeHToB Mepofipvsrns 4o6ar"uanrcs no rn{Hofi (.qor'laurneft)'.rrneHe noJrocrr4pra. HeyaoBnerBoprrreJrbHyrorr.rrueHy rro,rocru pra nauneHTbl r{acro o6:n"gcu.a}or,c o4uoft cropoHbr, HaJru_ qr4eM ruBoB BoKpyr BTopl4r{HorooJreMeHTaW, sarpyAH.glo_ rqnx oSpa6orxy 14, c gpyroit - 6os,sHbro noBpeAr{rb r{MnJraHrarbr. fiononurare"rrnuufi ]rHcrpyKrax no yxoAy 3a rro_ "rrocrbro pra r,r I4 npu rroMorrlr4crreur4aJrbHlrx uarxux sy6_
H
HbIX II{CTOK NCO6XO4ITU AJI'I OCBOCH:gr'..|rPAB]g^JI|IITIIEHbI
T
BTO-
l
I
I
I ^
T
c p II
pfiqHbrx sJreMenroBM. [rm oq[crKrz uexsy6uux [poMe)r(yr_ KoB cyr{ecrByror pasrrlr{Hbre cpeAcrBa (cnequa.mHbre rrreJr_ KOBbIe HUTr 14 pacTBOpbI IiLq IIOJrOCKaHr4.rr nonocrra pra),
H-
KOTOplrIe XOpOmO IIOAXOAflT II LJIfl OaII4CTKI4BTOpr4rIHbrX Ane-
4l
Meuroe 11. B KaqecrBe cpeAcrBa Ans rroJTocxaHr.rsrto.[ocrr4 pr?, yMeHbrrrarcureroaArffinru 6"n.surxr4M"srxoro sy6uoro HaJrera K noBepxHocrr{ BTopr,rrrHbrx aJIeMeHToBIzI, tuoxno Ha3HaaIr4rb
l (
n:
u
XJTOP|CKCI,I4UN. O4HAKO IIOCJIE YCTAHOBKI4 NPOTE3A IIOJIOCKA-
Hue neo6xo4ul,ro ilpeKpaTr4Tb, TaK KaK pacrBop Moncer orpacr4rb rzcryccrBeHulre sy6lr u rrracrMaccy 6asuca [pore_ sa'. Ha gToM srarre ryque lacrroJrbgoBarbxr,ropreKclrAl{H B BrrAe annnuna\uu BoKpyr BTopr4qHbrxDJreMeHroBHa sy6uorl rr{eTKell"rrr4BaTHoMTaMIIOHe. Heaasucr4Moor roro, naxofi MeroA r4lrr4cpelcrBo r4cnoJrb3yerc-rr ilarIr4eHroM AJ"q [poBeAeHr4.rrnpofpaMMbr 40r'lauruerl fHrI,IeHbIIIO"IOCTI4 pTa, ee KOHeqHa-g uenb _ yAaneHr4eHa"rIeTa c sy6on r4 BTopr4qHbrxa-rreMenroeI4.
OT
oq
u B
rI14 Be HbI
BI4(
Ba€
fiosropHanMorrBatA l4HCTpyKTaX LJ\LAA
nallzeHTaB npo4ecce nocneAyCIutt4x
na6nr.treuuil
Kp) MorI4Baur4J{ 14 r4HcrpyKTD( naql{eHToB {ono"nnureJlbnbre rrpla noBTopHbIX Br{3}ITax, a TaKXe KoHTponb cocrognytst VI u oKpyxanuux I4x rxaHefi or{eHb BaiKHbr AJ'rfl npofHo3a aMrr"rraHraur4r4. fpa$ux rroBropHbrx Br4sr,rroB AoJrlKeH 6lrrl craBreH rlocjtre ycranoBxr4 roroBoto flporeaa na VI.
medwedi.ru
co-
TUI
9p, HA
IOUJ
TK .
xe]ilens xlqHdOrSOU r4dusorelHeuur!n ctfodrHo) 614Hborcoc
'I4HS)IJ aogoco l4ttss34oJ€ g -no qJEIfaVrtradyayC auHeI{I4H€I o{I{Heso€ed9o hlI4IIIOI sosulf edeHI4I'^lAH qlf aTI,IHI',ItrAOC ISOH 4toHHe 'qrcox eH -darcgocouc 'Nel{I4rrlodrodxrawx HJcaal4duJdJoI'^l arqndanreadpt er4l[oldsrc4aV'uxeddren alsHdal'{onsedeHlrru qrcoHnor srrdasodu ousroJerlJ '1,1 ransoceuradu nr"rodu t i4 rfdx oltnvoxgoaH xeu{tl4a xlsHdoJao[ udu fl'loreolf aonrrnduoJelrg Jaes -os qJcoy ordHdrroeeqre eH ar4]gitstrvs -Iqsexo ,I a)s, eH raxe,{dreHol4Haravedueedaoudawouae4 .rreH?)rJxr{}rJtsr^rtr4 XL,ImOIeX{fdxonunxead ro tI Lr4)r48 'nxeddren alqu -et yial{exJ xIqHJco}I hlaqgo lilqHqlfexl4Jdag 'atqdotox €H 'I4rCOXl3loudrroea -r3al^r roilfl4lrS 'OJOJeltodu -qre was,go I{IqHqrexfirdag r,t 14 nrcouxdesou I4a]s ou I4]rrI 'axou NoHJcou s -edrargnoarco qJ?oHqvmgell :ItcJIt'oHJo 'wedorxeQ y- '7 l^Iulrol€sl'IhailJago tr4 oII4II€JuI4QoIfuxaVeH oJoV)Keu nuuaruaclx o{sJJoH)KaVeHtscrarlraVaduo'qVadano 'redoto)t 'egaJodu I4JcoHsrI4geJJlltoHclrarl4lfv Jo orosc g xalif,A rtrJ]'lsee tr4 Olqlrlohloil C tsI4HohelloJollCahl4veilordo
-ot
qJIq
-I^I[ e€t
r \I ts soJ.Her
EJAIfEH I4AHIIIE -qlfolrc
r^aou s HI4
-erod rexol -e)I30 qlr{h€ €JAIf€ '€ld
t4 IqrHaI^IaIre arsHrrl4dOrs sruvadsou eH IqgoJh'IqcleNJlelril-st{ 'VHot rccradeqlroull,zt r4ulg 'tsI4Hesodl4v suqg Hax{roV no or -Hot olqlnohlorr c JoIea[HeIIo tr4 erl{al^lolfe orour'udoJs I4 IqH 'tgauexl xlqHqlrer aI4HItoJJoJ ax)I€J € -?aV exreerrlt erx€JHon 'omquoJ oHhlsgo tr4 soJHol^lalre -soVodeu or{HItoJJoJ e7roul4 'umnrfdu,( I{I^IIqHJoIril u rdduos gedx t-aoaaricafi' xrqun[dors qrahiu IqH uIrI4 I4lqgoeod-oruagr qJlqg 'taan r'Itqsouredon 'usexl 'ilxJelfi r{ongde hlal4He€Iotqroll -xrov '14 aulnorexrtd>ro eouneJHotlc aogollr qJI{Jehl -cI4 aoHHegtlqg'alaHahalogodx 'oJoJ ar'nlody 'oII4nHaJJI4c -Jo oruI,rVoxgoeH€Jl{erllteu ardex s '14 r'tdxoa I4He)Ir qradrol'lco oHqIraJ -HolI 14Jagn xI4 qrl4Halo -er[J Haxrotr JoroJeI,{oJJ aJuEI4s woHdorsou nrovxeu ud11'gonBcol^l qrlsg Hav{rov ur/|]ernavg nwtqgdor 9 aalrog aH g -sou ,(VxaLnI IreaderHu 4lqHquehu4cxert aendrl I^IogoIIf oxeH Jo I4J3oNI4)I4ses s rlJoles -Vg '4raaoncd xIqnqref,flusu|Lru -nraeHercd eJJI4IreI4IIaUclq4Hal[ocou raXodc ox{SoII'enrcat{ rcqrevourgeH Ha}r{rov JHaunell w 7-t alsvx{ex eneds d "'H al4Heher g soearodu tstluausoJoJ€]I artou eVor orogdeil
ttt
-arfe
'(er -refl
-rrtx _OI€I
-gtt -olr -htr{ .OItr -I{IfI
nrb -al'IgoJ
-,{ -a I^I1
rr4helHeltut\14 eucou Eo.LHOhheuailHOuolugeH
112
ocreomurerpall!4g B croMaronorhh
Tr{MaJrbHoMy pacnpeAeneHl{Io Harpy3KI4 Ha [pore3,
olru-
paroilIr4fics Ha 14. flpu nontopHblx BI43HraxMoNCer6rmr.o6Hapyxeu HeKoropnd ocreonopo3. I4Merorcg nl{reparypHble AaHHbIeo6 yrpare or I lo 1,5 uu MaprtIHanbHbIXKocrHl'tx rxaHefi e reqro qeHr4e[epBoro foAa IIoJIb3oBaHu.s raKI4MI4IIpOTe3aMI4, o6t.acmetcr, B ocHoBHoM, xl'Ipyprur{ecxoft rpanuotl rxanerln. floc;reAyrouarl exeroAna.* norep.s Maprr{HaJlbnoft xocTI4 cocraBJrser 0,05-0,1 rrlrnr;B cpeAHeM,MeHee0,1 ulr. 3ro o3Haqael noTepro npr4MepHo 2 tuttutBepTl4KanbHofixocruofi onopbr B rerleHl4enepBbIX 10 ner rrocJleycranonxn IzI. flo Aannrrr'l fapeapAcxofi rouSepeHIII4LI no 4enra"nrHofi ycfielrrHarl LIMTIJIaHTaUIaIHa nepxnefi vr raMIrJraHToJIowrvI, nuxnefi rrerrocrr{x cocraBJl.ger85 u g5% coorBercrBeHHot. BlreoA - ycroftuuBarl ocreol4HTerpalllls r{ ee coxpaHeHue Ha BepxHeft .{erlocru pex(e 14 cJro)KHee npI,I I4MrIJIaHTarII4Ia qeM ua nuxnefi aIeJIIocrIl. Coo6ua"nocb raKAocrl4ralorcg, rrce, rrro 6o,rrna.s qacrb tr4 yrpaunnaercs B TeqeHI'IenepBoro roAa rrocJreLrx ycraHoBxu. Tax,Rttto6paaou, nosropntte o6cne,rloBaHl4gu na6nto!'enur rIaulIeHToB rIocJIe 4enraltnofi I{MlnaHTaII[I4
I4MeIOT ]ICKJIIOT{I4TeJIbHO BilI('HOe 3Har{eHI4e Ang
o6ecne.reHu.rrAJlurenbHofo ycrrelllHoro QynnquonupoBaHl4.g ocreor,rHTerpr.IponaHnuxIzI.
Jdt
no
Pe
ME 6t't
6u
Ma.
rpa
TAI]
r
AOB
6nx 6o" 14, pyK
TOM caI I
flpoQuaarrl{qecrcue NAUI{CHTOB
Mepo[ptlsrl{s
B noJlocrl{ pra
C I.IMIIJIAHTATAMI,I
CllC't
IIplr
IIo.a Bo nperur.nrroBropHblx BI,I3I4roBseo6xoruttto BHecrrI HeKoB rlpoBeAeHlreupoQnnaKTl4qecKnx Meporopbre r43MeHeHI4.s uucrpynpurnnit. B rroJrrocrktpra. O6rruHble MeTaJIJII{qecKI4e MeHrbr u ycrpoficrBa ynbrpaenynonoft oqI4crKI'I Mofyr nopaculararb coeA[HlIu/utlt ruraHoBble DJIeMeHTbI Bpe.qr4Tb Buecro HI4x cneAyer ncrtoJlb3oBarbr]JlacrTeJIbHbIeeraHTblu. MaccoBbleIrHcrpyMeHTbI,coorBercrByroqne Qoprue Bropl4rrHbrx a,'reMeHrosI4 14IlpeAyrlpex(Aaroque lrx I43Hoc,B cnyqae r{x KoppeKTHofo
CIIeUUanHcroM. I4CITOJIb3OBaHI4TI
B rex cJryqa;Ix, (orAa ay6uofi KaMeHbHeBo3MortnoyAaMoxer 6url noxaJIIrrb rrracrMaccoBblM[ r{HcrpYMeHTaMI4,
medwedi.ru
HAK
caM( peJr ro3
HO'lt
xoft E cocT
TE,Tb
cny-l plr.{r
.IqJl{er^relf€srsHhl4d goJHahtelr€qJseh xlsH€?d Itemqrog tr4 'ohtrI,{voxgoerr -oJs qJr4rJr4horr qJnHc xrehdrc rqgoJh saJodu qJer{r4Hc,ooHqraJ xrqHqreVJo s ox€HVO 'JadYorrc oH saJodu -udosrargoVd eruanlen erd r4Jcolro[ rqHar4Jr.rJ er4HtsoJcoJ 14'goJHat{ore xacs el4HltoJcocooHqIrLIgeJcoFrehahtJor4IfJE 'eearodu 14 soruawar€ go)r tr4 -goceul4dil goHhoJ oHhoJerooVell J IqI{€€Bsc qJrirg rdror,t oH 'oxVad rcrorenadrta ,eJrrr{s oJoJoro€ oJ 11 etedrd axxer e -oHHol4eollfltxonvu'€JHaI,{or€ oJosoJHI4soronrrudora worad -elf 'r4xsoceundu sJcouhoJ eH aHH€wLIna aoHeaqdaoaohteJ srilredgo or.,{hVoxgoaH r4r4HesrqJemred wondorsou udu onen -Vo :orr4lredrracrnmndrd ossaluads sorHus ar4HeanJnJVoU 'xr4xcehuVanordo ol{HegoJo,goJHer{ar€ xocs uxgocetrudu uogqralelnJ qJcogxes raegl4xdahYoueed alra oJh ,Iqtrrrarcl4c soJHahrer€ aunesrsremced roresuxfderrgo oJaca alne6 'eteJ,ooll 33 -exdeu lronadal u r4ueorv*tro ,wor lroHsrehrr.rJ[o ar.rHamdden -r{or^rerr€}ursunr4dors ra r.{oearodu dVxenr soJHer^rorexulnordd -zcxrQ tsruoredau'gornaltar€ xrsHlrl4dorg Islnloredeu,I4 xB14HBEOuOrrCgOngsead soyrcehd xrquqraVlo ar{He)r{€Hgo,ulnusc ar4msrog -eI{'4euexr xl4}rJnhtrraeerudauur,Jr.IgI4JHr,rJ XICHdOISOU ildU :rerotevorng -eH 'LI €H ilw€eaJodu rcxultordgsrou ,goJHaulleu xrauesotr ndAuAdrceduAc -erJgo xrsHdolsou x[xrahr4Voradauudu oJoeh eerogr4eH
BLTHBOI_3OC el4IIBHV
-elI -eY aehl -hI{ -r 1p
-t H
-ou -dd -od -O}I
BMH
ldlr I^4
-9 oJo
-x aa an '^o
'safircer^r 61 ersVxeu rorrdorgou rsr^rr^redroualsad r4r4lreJ -Herrrhrrr er3ou eYor orosdorr r4uHohaJlraoLI .14 uuaouerc,,{ KoHqr€heHogdauoroorr elrcaw udr erqVxex eadan rsrw{edr -onalnad qJewLrHcBcJeeJerVadll .srcou rereng,{r tseHqrr€hr -doH qJrqg euVua eHu{uoV al^twedroualuad eH II xrsHqrr4g -eJJ',,xrssodoVt,, rfdxog'uulrufdrcaY soxeHei4duqJrqg 'orqHexJ onlcroV au rfdxos r4Jcox g qrouroox u yoq fvxata 14 exrcer'.{ ar4r{noJ3o 3 qJI,rHOrrO Jornrosto[ rsw]nle droHaJJHAd rnHesovercgo
eLt
er{}rtehr{JoroHeJrHed
c edogndu orou4rddrcoxcau aunanatrudu aonxodoJJo oHee
:
'htOymOOOU
i
lt 40r 40I
or -c -e oJt
-r -o -t4
hhhe1Heuurr14 orJcou€oLHor4heuouHetrotugeH
114
ocreonnrerpaLl!4e B
$upr"r He cornacyerc.a Me)KAy co6oft, rlo3roMy croMaroJlor r,IMerbB 3anace ueo6xo4nuble 3aIIacHbIeg,TeMeHTbI ,4oJr)KeH r.{ rrHcrpyMeHTblAJI.atoft cucreubl 7I, xotopar{ ucrloJlbsyerc.{ y AaHHofo naul4eHTa. Oqucrxa cu.ltrofo npor$a JIetKo ocyxlecrBJlxercir npu rroMorrln yrbrpa3ByKonofi ycraHoBxll. Ec:nu r,ns, yAaJleHrrs TBepAbrx sy6uslx ornoxeHlafi ilJrr4 AJrflnonupoBrl4 Mera,lLIIt{r{ecKr{x rroBepxHocrefi Heo6xoAI,IMbIcnequanbHble lrHcrpy-
BA
BC
np u e{
CO
rp
3JIeMeHCOeAI4H}1Te,'IbHbIX MeHTbI, KOHTaKTHbIeIIOBepXHOCTI'{ roB cJreAyer 3aKpbITb 3aIuI{THbIMn "na6oparopHblMl{ KoJIrIaqKaMr.r. flpn rnrneuu.{ecxoft o6pa6orxe DTI4x yr{acrKoB I,IHcrpyMeHTaMn tr ro nupoBor{HbIMI4cocraBaMr{ cJleAyer co6-nro4arr oco6yrc ocropolxHocrb, .rro6br I4x He noBpeAI{Tb. Ioc"ne y1aneHvrs, npore3a ueo6xoAlttr.to npoBepl'Irb, He pacluaraJrrrcb Jrn ero BTop[rIHbIe oj]IeMenru. B ilporI'IBHoM I4I{CTPYCIYI{AC I4X CNCAYCTIIOATSHYTb COOTBETCTBYIOU{I,IMI{ rlacrb qro IasMeueHuIZ 6o.nluraa MeHTaMI4. Onrn rIoKa3aJI, oxpyxarcurl4x
BTopI4rIHbIe g"IIeMeHTbI rxauefi
o6t.scu.sercg
rr{nepnna3}refi,rraneprpoQuefi I4 nporpeccupytorqefi norepefi KocrHbIXrrcanefi. Mex4y cyrpacrpyKrypofi 14 BropI4rIHbIM sJIeMeHroM He AonxHo 6lnr ue,ru. Ecln Ee"nn o6HapyxeHa, neo6xoAni'to Bbr.rrcHr,rrb r{ ycrpaHllTb np[quHy ee o6paaonanvs.. tr4srorosJreHr4eHoeoft cynpacrpynTypbl I4nI43ar.flrllBaHl,IeBI4HToBMo14,Bo3Mox(Ho,K ryr [pl4Becrrl K AaJlbHetiuruuocJIoxcHeHI4sM norepe I4. 9peslrepuas Hafpy3Ka, Bo3HI{KaIouas B pe3ynbrare Henepuofi oKKJIIo3rru,TarcKe Mo)Ker r.Br4TbcflnpuuzHofi pauuefi norepr,r W. tlpu KaxAoM noBropHoM ocMorpe cneql{aJll4cr AOI)ICeH
OrIeHI4Tb
OKKJIIO3I,IOHHbIe yCJIOBI4',
.f,BI4Tb I,I3MeHeHI4.fl, KOTOpbIe npOI43OIIrnV
flonroepeMeHHaq cnoco6HocrbnaureHTaK npoBe.u,eHnlo rilrileonTilMaJ'rbHbtx HilqecKnxMeponpneTnil B nonocr4 pra
rIbITagCb
BbI-
BCTeACTBile I{3HOCa
noeepxHocrl4 ay6on, u [poBecr]I KoppeKoKKJrro3r,roHHofi qurc.
npI'I oproneAl4r{ecxoM 9ro6rr [peAyrIpeAI4Tb ocJloNcHeHr{.fl co3Aarb s4oponrtft VI, Heo6xoAuttro JIerIeHI4rIc noMotrlbro )KeBarer{bnuriopran, a nauI4eHTAoJI}ceHaKT}IBHoyrlacTBo-
me dw edi .ru
2.
4,
5.
6.
I Lt
edfuedelzly
jlp,o""0,,"1f lu'sluerdurtlueioJ $'"t?3^tttJri1"t",1"Xt;XT,$i?"Xs
'v
L?3"5 "*nll-r'r,?3,ii;'35-'"f;J,? 1o ,{pn1sleeA-g1V 'l-d lletttewJg ,g lerlcog ,n ulloelal ,U llepv
'9
,i'"ili?i3iS; snsuesuocoql uo suotlepueuwoceu .gl uewlnqs .vd ueultuqcs
'9
l lSS uV 'GM Uodueneq,ruHuege4 'Hg sue^f ,y1q pery_uosuoql
cossvluoo ruy 1' .s1ue1dur reluopuo ocuoreluo"
snornruepe 1u;'met aL*rorueurle",,
-o 4I' ht
-xi
e) -Iq JC
4 -a
-U
'z
't9Z_6gZ:696[,ocuossalutn6 :o0ecrqg.uo4e1 -lllqeqoglesnlccopue uo4e.rbeluroeesq .l-l Ercree,3 eprqcl;g oqog
'9e-tg:686r ,Bcuauvorn3 ne{;qs1 :srno-r rs .sernpocord
x -gi
-ora^llerolse.r;ofi rlrqels'"ut3t-.:'l;":;it9ili"""1?'J:y'i"?r:l; 'e
't
pue pclutlC :ue1s[g 1ue1du1 lleueuprg aq1 .eS st/\ol .lll""?gj;flgl n rerunag
o
\
r4 t I^l E
-t-l
-H -h
.I4 eH godouo c eealodu urcouanrxa$Qe r4ouqr€Horllrxude r4oyocrqs uusesedxoc s srod rreHhr,rroJo eHoHcrrs,eed srrsg eHx{rotr u^rsHq'eJ -Hatr c {rsauleu {lroreo11 .eHersoHeJcd tr4 sr;szrxaese XU'{TI,IHESOtrEYJ9O
XISHqITAJI,IHITOUOV E}II4J)IEJ EI{E?I,I[O
_ f
ts t4
14
4ftrruduodahr xt'lxJohrErxernQodu xrsdoroxan oriluavaaodil ou razrrevlrarroxedrqnavasudu es€IrJ g .qJroHH'grJras 40J€ -ro Noneds c uuvayted ,eltnedrodu foxoahr4r{ar4Jl4Js qJeu
E' Iq J
uunerHeuuhlr orcou sorHol4heu suHstrotugeH
1,L
u,
s
o: u
CT
ne
OcnoxHeHrq tAHeyl,aqu
K1 ul
Philip Worthington
B noc"neguue foAbl AaHo olpeAeJreHr,IenoHsrr4gM yclexa Ir HeyAaqr.r Aesra"rrrnofi r4MrrJraHTaur4r.r. Ceri.{ac o6qenpnsHaHHo, r{To An.fl ycneuruofi DHAoccaiTbuofiuun"rraHTar{I4r4 Tper{eM IzI e rocrFrorl rxaHra 6yerca 6o-nrrue, [pocro HaJrr4r{I4e .Iertrocrl,t'. On Ao,rxeH coxpaH.rlTb Kr'II4HIrrIecKyIocra6unxHocrb B ycJroBr4.sxHarpy3Kr4 14He AonlKeH Bbr3brBaTby rrarlr,renra 4ucrcouQopra, 6oneerrx oqyrqenurf, nonr,rurennofi rryBcrBr4TerbHocrrr. On He AoJrlKeH TaruKe orpanllr{I4Barb $yHrrlufi coceAnrlx crpyrryp, Hanpr4Mep,HrlNcHeroaJrbBeor.rrpHoro HepBa 14ero eereefi. flpu penrreHo,rlor?F{ecxoruo6cJreAoBanr4us o6Jractn 14 1onxnbr orcyrcrBoBarb rrprrsHaKr4 fiporpeccfipyroqefi AecrpyKrlrar{ Kocrubrx rxanefi, a rroreps Bblcorbl anbBeoJrgpHoro rpe6ua AoJr)KHa 6nrrr uprHnMaJlbnoft. Heylavn AeHTaJrbHofiraprnnaHrarlnr,Iqaue o6ycroe"neurr HeKoppeKTnofiueroAuxoft sMeilrare"rrbcrB,HeBepHbIMno46opoM naurreHToB, orcyrcrBl4eM TulareJrbuo npopa6oraHHoro NJIAHA
JIEqEHI4.'I.
tr4norAa Mo)r{er orcyrcrBoBarb ocreo}rHrerpaul4s VT ttvt r4Merb Mecro ee yrpara rrocJle naqa;rrnofi ocreol{HTerparJr4u. flpnuunu HeyAavnoft ocreol{Hrerpaul{Ir He BcerAa BblsBJIlrorcs. B ueroropblx cnyqa.sx Moryr rrMerb Mecro oc/roxHeuug 6uonofrrr{ecxoro xapaKTepa, Hanpr.rMep,HeAocraroa{Hble xpoeocHa6xeHl4evtn o6rev 14 Kar{ecrBo KocrHblx rxaHefi.
medwedi.ru
HbIt
xoi
JII1I
BTO
l oKp qec:
Ka3 TKA
nr4H rpal
I lloc cyA yrpz
LLI
nnneLHeuuv\ilA 4OHheu^eH tcr/!orut 14c
rr 4roHrror4lrnrfHedJ Jo qJr.rYogosro oHu{ohr tr4 oJor{H3h€dJf a)Kon eVJoHI4 'VT oJosoH LIxsoH€Jr{ sJcoHxowros sJr4v/tc -9O OH}I{OhT exorr
OJOTIJCON OJa BLIHaVfJkItKet OJOHIfOU ATCOIf
's,rnveYf 'sar'edrf Je,'tVeIrJ oJe 14 BrsHhoHnVo eVJoX '6 .{redr,{ orfnxolrsos r oil{nedr -aJHI4oaJcooIAHrouaH JeeheHgoore e '4auexJ xlqHqlrarv]Hr4v -aoi rlvrr xrqHHounrrdnedr hrar4Heso€edgoc LI u ,rrNvHelrr I{hiIqI{JOox fvxaru eJxeJlrou oJoHJoIfII rusrcrdcro qlfaJe€e)r -olr oJ€ 'aadox3 'r,rheVdauexeneildu oJoHqreJe€rgo asJcah -ex s nJsJesr4drewcced rexor,t aH r4eHe)rJ xr4rrorer{ddyo tr4 XreHgr,ilx/tdrcev awrruedronailnad eH ev]hl4ve]H 4r.IHAHaI^rer4 'tr4 oJor^recr,rrcoHxtr4srou ro tr4 eJHahrare oloHnradors oronuanuedlre€ oxorrrr arersrdead s tr4 qJcoux{usVou qJehr,rrr -eed oxrar' Ha)KroV neds oueHVg 'srnreVd radvarc VI Volr -er lur'eVdau xeneradu - tr4 oJoHsreJJoVHe sJcoHu{rlsVo1 'uulredrenrlroeJco oJa €I{r€He wraVoxgoaH'rrartalndlnoarqg r4lfr,ralqHlraHgal/og Jeealil€Iqs reJHeIrIIhtI4 I4ITJA -rruduen
.I4AHI AIqHh -AHT{
-Brsl 'r4v\ ltIIt4
OJOH
-o9r IqHEI
-qr€ rder I,IXE
-90 -oa qJe goH
VI
-€il
I4HE
€rerH€rrtrhrrarddxos EreHexJ xlqHrJox urahgdoead Halnor{dnccad-iodu arzarcrfcrg o ddrxddrc xr4HVaJoJrusaYxadso[ ar4sJJrder6 .
-qIfIz
-Jox sohiaqgo yrqHqrextzrdag eredrd lt€Hqr€hrrrHrrry o
.
It€xcahI4HI4IrN
.
flohrorrrhtrr{cxnrHs[r€JaH arlsJcrdcrg qJ,soHqrI49€IJ
goHqreccoVne
-ad -su 14 e
uulrerHennrtra gonmaucrt r.rnHelro unda"r,zd11
' rar^r rnlryn,,tQedeu' goJHol,tarexuycehuveu -ordo ursurJo orqJ)oHhoraH'rsddrxfdrcedu,{c Heralrx,{drc -nox uosdaaeH goHHesrrqs 'fixrddradau xu arersrfead s u esem,tdeu sJrqg Jaxout y1 yunedJarHrroarJo'(tsr4r{avx?rrxo oJoHhorercov sag tr4 exor wauHesodzdeuadu; rawedorxeQ l,u.ttqggarodJr eHarsorl.tgo uu\rctHeruhrx reur'eVdau oJf,eh
I
hheu^eHil urHeHxouco
118
ocreouHrerpallfiq B croMarororhil
coeAr.rHr4TeJllrHofi TKaHefi a cpaey ycTaHoBI4TbIzI 6o,rr,ruero Ar4aMerpa.
Hg HO
B,T
OcnoxHeHhq
Ocnoxnenu.s Moryr Bo3Hr4xarbB pe3ynbrare 4eficrnua 6uo,rorn.Iecxl4x, grporeHHblx vtIM MexaHl4qecKrax +aKTopoB. K npnuunalr 6uo,roraqecKoro xapaKTepa oc,To)fiHeHr4rl nmIJIaHTaIII{I4OTHOC.fl TC.gHeyAOB,'IeTBOpI{Tenb Hoe Kar{ecTBoI{JII4 HeAocraror{Hblfio6beM KocrHbrx rKaHeft, KypeHI{e, [peAIIIecTByIOqat nyr{eBa.s TepaIIu.SI4JII4IIoAaB,lIeHI{eI4MMyHI,ITeTa. Oc,roxueHux, o6yctoBJleHHbresrporeHHbrnrra$arrop a:vr!r,ueyAauuufi or6op naur{eHToBr,rHeBepHoenJraHr4poBaHr4e JreqeHl{.g, HeTor{HocTbB MeToAI4qeCKOM IIpOBeAeHI4r{ Xllpypfr4qecKofo BMerIIaTeJTbcTBa, rrepefpy3Ka 14 ac"rre4cru4eHeBepHo Bbl6paHHofi KoHcrpyKrltrv cynpacrpyKrypbr. Mexauu.recxra o6ycnoBneHHblMlr ocJro)KHeHI4.flMu Mo)KHo cr{r{Tarb, HanpuMep, 6pyKcr43M. Oc.roxnenns, BbrBBaHHbre HeBepHbrMpaclo.uoxenueu LI
Bal B}I ytl1
Ter
fp€ cp€ HI{T
Mel BC.
IIJTA
pbri
pa coo poc -r'-'
Puc. 41. Ilpaaurft lzl ycraHoanen crl4urKoMeecrra6ynnpuo,nosroMy npoilsoulno o6naxeuue pesu6ur. 3ry oLrra6ry voxHo 6urno npeAorBpaTuTb, ilcnonb3yq xl4pyprnrecrcufi ua6nou.
Henpanunruoe pacnoJronteHr4eU MOiI(er l{Merb Mecro npu or{enb n,'rornort ycraHoBKe 14 no orHorleHrlro Apyr K Apyry, 3arpyAH.flIorqefi $r.Irccaqurc Bropr,rr{Hbrx airreMeHroB rrJrtr tnrtrelc-y AecHeBbrxrraneri Me)KAy HL4MU.IzI lroryr 6url ycTaHoBJ'IeHbI CJII4IIIKOM AaneKOB rqer{HOMItiTI4gsbIqHOMHarrpaBneHl4l4.Cne4creue - o6naxeHl,Ie orAeJTbHbIX yqacrKoB pesr6u 14 (puc. 41). 3ro MoxrHo r4crrpaBr4rbc noMorlbro KocrHr,IX TpaHcuiaHTaroB r4nl4 Harlpag,TeuHorlpefeHeparlr4r4 rxanelZ c uenblo yBeJrI4r{eHr4.rI o6teua. KocrHbrx rxaHefi. rlpeauepHrrfi uaxnon tr4 n "selrqHyro cropoHy Mo)fier Bbr3BaTb OCJTO)KHeHLII. B O6naCTUrIyBCTBI4re,rtHOr? r4 rroABIrXttofi. cnuzucrofi o6o"[o.rxn AHa rroJrocrrr pra. HelpaBrrJrbHoro pacnonoxeHns 14 Mo)rcHous6exarr [pr{ Tu{areJrbHoMn"rraHr4poBaHLIU A Tarcfie npr4 r4crroIb3oBaHr{nxr{T,IMUIaHTaTIUU, pypruqecKux ua6,rroHoB. B or4e"ntnbrx cnyqasx pacflononreHr4e7I uoxHo [oAKoppexTr,rpoBarb c rroMorrrbroyrnoBbrx BTOpLIT{HbIX S"rIeMeHTOB.
C;re4yer u36efarb qpe3MepHoronorpy)Kenvx VT, oco6enHO B AI4CTaJTbHbIX OTAe'TaX HraXnefi
medwedi.ru
qeJ'IIOCTn, IAe
BHyTpeH-
I
BCJ-f(
YAo MOfl
'ero rlrcorou eHr tcwoHt4hde> IUoe -ou ou unuedet nerH 4oaenAu - o U a s o d ue o u u e r e o r c [ g o , r q H -edseed)ehHouxoxced 'ZV'cnd
qJrqg Jax{ohr nr4H3rsr4}r{ercJarrodll 'rram qcr4J4osed JdJor^r esaJodu lrxsodneegadau u r4xJogedgo r4oHsraJr4doaJarsoyd -aH'lrro€arodu lnusngrtelfl4Hesotqrou oJoHHed aragrcvarcs U ex{orr orosaued axeddreu zoHnewedsaVxadu ud1 ' r4ar{mrJ xrswa.,tdudeuadu eaadr -adau srcoHcerro Jor€xrrnc ersaw.r{drcsu rzuerneds qrcod -ollc Ifehtoevolrgoc orodrc u augavxerxo aarnordsJcJagJooc 'ev{or edraweuv wozl{ehrzlragd ,{rsHHaileJ,ou I4 r4}IexJ elt ed -og hral,rHalrgeyhuqHqrehrl{Irr4hrc eunegodudeuadu eorcugrsd -adu'sodog xrqHHehoreeodrco ar4lresorqrolnJLI.mwrc.rHeril -wu ur,evtleH qJ)or{Jnodas rcraeswr,uvasf, oJah augrcvanrs 'orq'exJ Boaongfd uonuesodznuada$env orew BcJaerfiar{ -et u uctetduezrodxaH qJcox tr4 OrsJJoHXdaAouf, Ber[ehr4H -ed1 'urco>r pr 14 ?JueJr{o}r rqHoe Jo ur,,otr4vg 4ouuaarcvad:t -oiloH S I4IJATX sr,r(ugraron rdrow ,4auexl xrsHmox sad: -adau orcaw Jeewr4 r.rnov r4xsoJoJvo[ accefiodu a w)g L\ .}TI4I]EdJEJ
-HI{OaJCO UOnmauc,,tsrcoHrltodas JI4SUHJOJh,Itcrl4mqnawf orqJcou u y1 fuxaut Jx€JHox arersrdead g 'lrjorrddx oJcews Lr BurJA}'aJoronr'adalou rrrrrdoQ uoHsreso) tr4 ex{ou rsu]Hes -odznrdoS oroudeaeH raouur,udu srrqg Jey{ol^l do9 BrqHuers -onercd ondasau unLt Utsr*HesodudrHalraH,urqHHemoHrtr4 'orqHe)rr uor{Jco}rl3orer,g.{rgou -}(I4StrOU EI{AhAIIJA9O SJIS9 JA)KOhI AH tr4 qJJOHqITU9EIJ
6f t
BtsH
hheUAeHfi cilHeHxouco
120
ocreounrerpallilq B croMaroror!4u
(pvc' 42)' HapyxreH y IIauI4eHroB IIocJIe ryr{eBoft repallul4 BMeIIIaTeJIbcTB (HaIIplIrrocJre [poBeAeHr,rs xr4pypruqecK]Ix Mep'IocJIeycTaHoBKuuvI3BJ/.eqeHil.'InoAHaAKocTH}II{Horo r4MrrJraHTara). Bce srfl BMerrraTeJrbcrBa yxyAIIIaIOr KpoBocHa6)I(eHI4e B yqacrKe BHeApeHI'Ifl I4. Oc.noxnennt, 9JIEMEHTAPI
cBgBaHHbIe c ycraHoBrofi
ntopu'ruoro
IzluorAa npr{ ycTaHoBKe BT6pnqHbrx SJIeMeHTOBtr4 C,IIS)I(H6 r{acTo Ip}IBOAI{T K I4x orrpeAenl{Tb I'IX TOTTHyIOAnUHy' r{To Bpe3aMeHe, LLTII BO3HI,IKaeTHeo6xoAI'IMOCTb I'ICIIOJIb3OBaHI4.g MeHHbrx sJIeMeHTOBHa 0a3e 3axuBJIeHlIfl AO CTA6nLVIf,A]!.VV M.rrrKI{x rxaHeft BoKPYT 14. sJreMeHTbr I4 Aonxnnr 6lrrl roqno ycraHoBJleonopnue ulr. Bo MHOII4X C?ICTeMax I,IMeIOTCTIKOMIIOHeHTbI, COfJIacoBaHHbre MexAy co6oit 6naro4apa BHyrpeHHI4M I4 BHeIIIHI,IM rrrecrlrrpauH?IKaM. Eclu nrop[qHblfi (onopurrfi) oneueur IzI HeyAoBnerBopureJlbHo 3aKperlneH' Moryr
BosHlIKHyrb cBu-
xoAbr(puc. 4il. rrleBbre I4cnonb3yeMblx Ha finx orneprblBaHl4s BI4HToB-3arJIyIIreK' Kocrll' I4HorAarpe6yercn orBeprW na crailuu Barr;LrF.JreHus Ka c urecrl,IrpaHHofi rononxoft. KorAa KocrHas rnaHb Bpacraer B Br4Hr-3arnyuKy, 6roKl'Ipys efo' BepxyllrKa orBeprKrl tr ocTaTbc.flB BITHTe-3afny[IKe.Sror orMOIKeToT"rIoMI4TbCt ;roMusuvfic.s KycoK neo6xo4ul'to yAaJIlIrb'
o
T(
OI
It D.
H!
Crt
r43
rp
qo
JIO
Te AB
K ]
311
T4I\
Bol
uc1 npr Te
Pvc. 43. Ha PeHrreuorpaMMe BilAHa HeBepHagycTaHoBKaneBoro BTopt4qHoroenevenra h. 3ro raoxer npilBecrr4 K BocnafleHuto tt o6paaoeannrc cBhqa. flpexAe qeM npoAonxarb rleileilcnPaBurb nonue, Heo6xoAr4Mo noxeHile BTOpLlqHorogreMeHTa
Ce
a .
medwedi.ru
'gl4uaHx{orJo xrlrHtaqdac r.toxcud c eneensc 'rufiedauo Be)r -canurdddux rerddtr tsegci.rr14xey 'tr1xrtugtt, eusoHeJc4 nr{HeHxonco ersueasde3 'qJeso€qroiltl4 oII oHxoht earoduonre uogaHcaVfear -odu fhrosou x eJHar4freuIar4lr€JxeVe arcog 'rqHcotresarodu -oJxe oJorv{aq,J orslflor{orr c xode guurodoy s qrnseducu oHxohr org 'exdVeos srelfl eadan rusaVxoxodu es-eu ados -oreed udn rswargodu srdHxr4Heosrdrolu oJ 'qrorfl tsJJeewr4
t4 -a
alrHaVornguH eelnorfVerro[ u rqdrtrxr{dl,ceduf c ruHeraoJo tev uuy etc BH nr,rHeH)Korrco
-a
trrJf,orrrah grauxdaa rHgadr orondrroasqre 4oxhorrogo XroJJr4s -r4ux 14 eu J e€eJodu l,uauneaouco,{vxahr rrrcE 14 4odoxo 'HacaVrngerldauuJ u eilrsr4Jr{I4JollrHagoHxI4Hgos x urcaaudu Ja)r(ow '7 rfdxoa r4oxhorogo rpoJlr4tuu) rjroHx{r4sv -oII f, uarsl s ouHagoco 'etd utcorox eHaI4JI{JneHqrral -udosraraoVdag'eHhoJeJcotraH eHI4IlroJ aa I4lrca,rcqJor -ollJo Jo)Kow'esalodu urconxdasoil yroHHolasolrlrxoLIxgoII -urrgo :rvV yewatlsqrorcu 'ecceniJcerlJ '(VV 'cnd; eearodu ecexdeu oJoJrIIf I4IrI4 eJlrel/{ane otosdouo r,toradau r,rJKosr4 -odn raxor,r fixeddreH raondawonaedeHarer,srdeed s ae]drc wouaurodu g 'tr4 xeJHehrane xrqudouo eH duVecol ,Uu:,; 'orduVogoso -axrdueH sa9 sJahu4 nexroV eearodu )nteg 'rtxVecou xu srrdasodu ornur,rVoxgooH r4ycehvv -oudau dltoreou 'noqJgJemced rfroru tr4 rqJr{ehrereerqudouo nnlrxfdrcso]r Xro)rcahnVauordonr4HarsoJoren rwada eg
-IC
tIx
-e -J( plJ
-vl tN -o
x O
'hl.ceh 4oHde> emuen -oc ooHhooeuoutcHxeg 'ce)dey 6ehotu-ls,eeol_ Kl4)coht4truel.ow 'W'cnd -odu wouedeu ftcHrrou
O -L
'
lzl
ilheU^eHh bhHoHxot/cg
122
ocreounrerpauhq B croMaronorhil
i . I
Puc.
HNE V
Pnc. 45. PeHrreuorpauMa noKagbtBaer,qro e o6nacril Tasa naqr4eHTaHaxogt4TcsHe6onuuag orBeprKa; ee ABhxeHr4e6uuo ocraHoBneHo B noAae4orunofi o6racru roncroro KuuJeeHuKa.lAscrpyMeHr 6stl enoclepcrBur4 ycneuHo yAaneH MerogoM creKroBoloKoHHofionrhKr4.
Puc. 46. Iluuua nepenova HuxHeil .{enlocTu npoxoAilT qepe3 Jloxe gHaoccanbHoro qilnmH4pr4qecKoroVl; ang Ha peHTreHoroaMMe.
nyrel BMEII
o6xo NIAHII
Onucanrr cnyuau JreraJrbHofoI4cxo4a r4MnnaHTaul4l{,BbI3BaHHbresw6onueiaB pe3ynbTaTeHeBepHoroilpr4MeHeHasBo3oxrilKAeHns B 6opax c BHyrpeHH?rMoxAyrrrHo-BoA.rrHofo JralrcAeHlreM',a TaK)Ke cepbe3Hofi rrocJ'reoleparlr4oHHofi3MQuseuort. Tarcue ocJrox(HeHprsMolr(Ho rrpeAy[peAr4rb. npaKrr,rKyroqr4e Bpaqr4 AoJr)nHbrcTpofo co6,lroAarb peKoMeHAa14 HcTpyMeHrap]reM . uI{I4 r43roToBure neilrIIo rroJrb3oBaHr4ro qeJrrocrr4 nep$opaqils Hr4)KHefi npr4 rrpelapr4"flsrrqHas poBaHl4lr KocrHbrx rxaHefi Molrer [prrBecrr4 K rropaxeHr4ro He6orbmr4x cocyAoB AHa rronocrr4 pra 14raxr4Mo6pasou x orIacHbIM LJrg, >r
medwedi.ru
crv t
4.eHV
Mr
MI4 LI,
C,TIOH{
NOTAC
3peHr4
H]l.rfl. t JIEXA!
6rnl xaTe.l ET HC
'egdeFro-ronr-,ouodogvoLr hrceugo E t4tcoHcuotr4ercaAF eder -ou ) oomuosr4du 'LreHe) 4rsr-rduu -oo€que VtAHxvtHs h oroHcueccov -He euueaou>ruodu reetlxdeer -Uou ewv{edrohrof El.e 'qLV 'cnd
eU
tt l4ogoroJ tI4Hs qr,(udesadart oHHaIrVahtaH Ja rcqJeJrq[or -ftrarc eJHer4rre[ ol 'oriloer4odu ore nrcg 'urdu alqHquaJex 'axdx elrto oJh 'I4rI4 Haholrrodu cusg -IqV g qrterou Jex{ol^t '1gV 'cud1 el4Hax{oroil eehgxalr Jax{ohr l^lore udu rawvadg 'luVoxcl.todlr oJ€ oJoJg alnept 'rnu Jeewl4Heg JHal4neil eVrox
XI
\ oil -I4l
-esrsrerrodu orondoruerQad arersrdead s eneds ruuade r.IJhorrn dxrorr I qJo€rrou Broil sla srdHeancz oHHegoHJI^r rdrow u er'eds vl(d eu Joleslstqrevclqs oxJair Iauo 't1tot{olrc rqHahohrcI4HoeVJoX 'rsdel^reedatluqHarehl sHaho JoIOIII{ I{hl -uH J rwoged nrV IqJHawfdrenu 1414 IsJHaware eI4JoHtr^J .eJHEUIIEil
EI4FIAY
-h _ -gl
-orrgeH aossou[eda[oalrJorl n uurledauo rltads os erd Iam -orrorr eHV HiaH€uJhral4l{BoJcoce€ qrodrirox 'lgIallnr.{uuuelrt xravcanzrdfdux uusanroulqs udu srcouxodoreo IsI{I4Voxgo -eH'er4HeH)r(orfco ore sr[Vadhdvadu rsgoJll'esJoqreJ€mahtg oroucar.nrdddux orour'odc redgadr oJh '€tsaufien r4ar,{u
'esdeH -edueHe eoHrcodee
ouure
o - r o H d b u o e a q u e o r e H X M H u e H e ) E 1 4e H H 'eLV 'c^d 'er,,il.',led-Jov"roJ-Heuo.LdO 4odo,ro)l eH
uheE^oHil Br4HoHXoucO
124
ocreounrerpauileBcroMarororurl
pr3BJreqb I{HopoAHoereno. EcJIr{ 3To He yAaercfl, rrarll4eHTa B K,'rr{HI,IKyB rrOJrO}CeHr,r}r Jrex(a U Heo6xoAI4MOAOCTaBI4Tb O6CreAOBaHI4e. rrpoBecTl4SHAOCKOnr4r{eCKOe tr{Nrercrc.flcoo6ueHr,r.so [epenoMax cu"nbHo arpo$upoBaHHbIXHr{)KHtlXqeJrrocTefi,KOTOpbreCleqrraJfl{CrUe Sar\{ernn (plrc. 46). 3ro erqe pa3 noAr{epKr4Baer Heo6xoAr{Mocrb TrIIareJrbHofo rrpeABapI{TeJIbHoroo6cneAoeanu.s naur{eHTa, 14 nocJreAyronlero ulaAgrllero onepaTl4BHofo BMeIIIaTeJIbcTBa Ha6JloAeHuJr narllreHra. flaquenroe c arpo$uefi uuxueft qeJrrocrr4 neo6xoAur*ro npeAy[peAr4Tb o co6,rnAeHrrr4 ocropoxtHocrr4 B rrocJleo[eparlr4oHHoMrlepl4oAe. JIe-{eHr4ecrouannofi nnxnetTt qeJllocrr4 oqenb cJloxcHoe,a KorAa B r{erlocTLI I,IMeeTC.s HeCKOJIbKO HeAaBHO
crorr{ux
yCTaHOBneHHbIX
pvo 4Jrtr HbIV
2.
AOpOTO-
VI, zanvwaroqrlx Mecro, Koropoe Mor,To 6u 6nmr
I{CIIOJTb3OBaHO AJr.s IIrI4HI{pyruIuId)(
rJraCTtlHOK
14 BITHTOB, Crl-
Tyaul4s craHoBrrrc.rreule 6onee rpurrrvecxofi. Coo6uarocb raruKe o ttoBpe]cAewuv Hr4]r'Hero aJrbBeoJrspHoro HepBar{3-3aHenpanu-rrrHofiycraHoBxr414 (puc. 47a u b). 3ro noxaebrBaer neo6xoAranrocrbAeraJrbHoforrJraHr4poBaHI4g
}KHI
I4MrInaHTaUI{I4,
4.
BKJIIOqag., B HeKOTOpbTX CJIyr{a"sX,
KoMnbrorepHoeroMorpaQuuecnoe o6creAosaHue. Ilpe4ynpex4eHlre
ocJroxnenufi 7.
Ans xaxAofi cracreurr I4 cocraBJreH rrepeqenb Bo3Mo)I(MoxHo HbIx ocJlollcgeunfiu't.3ru ocnoxHeHng, KaK rlpaBr,rJro, Tlrlare"rrbHof o BbrrroJIHeHII.fl Bcex rrpeAylpeAr4Tb rrpu y cJroBpILt eranoB, HaqLIHa.{or o6c"ne4oBanl4t rlaurreHToB rr rrJranr{poBAHWI-JreqeHr,rJr Ao ero [poBeAeHr4s u rrocileAyrouero Ha6ruoAeuu.s naqrreHra, Koropoe npuo6peraer oco6yro 3Harrr.ro6napyxurb ocJroxHeMocrb, T. K. rroMoraer cBoeBpeMeHHo Bo3Hr4Karoil{I4e IIp?I ucfionbnua. fIpo6JIeMbI I4 ocJro)I(HeHI{.rr, 3oBaHI{I4I43BecrHbIx crlcreM 14, o6rruno o6r.gcn.grcrc.rrorKJTOHeHI4eM OT peKOMeHAOBaHHbIXMeTOAI4K,I,I rIO Mepe TOfo KaK Bpar{ npuo6peraer orIbIT, r{[c,{o I,Ix AonxHo yMeHbrrrarbcg.
Oc"rroxnenug.
vMnJraHTauI{I4 3acry}KLIBaIor
caMoro
cepbe3Hoto BHLrMaHr4"tr He ToJrbKo 143-34 HeIIpIIgTHbIX IIocreAcrsr,rfi Anr [au]IeHTaf Ho I4 rloroMy, rITo floApblBalor perryrarlr4ro AeHrarbHoft raunnanr auvu. "IIe.raque Bp ar{u AoJt-
medwedi.ru
gZL
edAredetray
-q3.uor6esre,cero, lxe ,n"*,,n33"?ff 33i": ifTJ;i"$TTtli,?",
.(sp€) -oossg pecue^pv l-d )ileuouslg '4 uo1Ou1qyory1 :u1 .s1ue;d -ur palelOelutoosso qluv\suorlecr;duroc pue stuelqold.6 uo6urq1ro111 , L -LL:Z:Lg6l slueldul celollxe4 lBlO l.lul .poued1er.r1leeA-yOr,,rf| porelunocuosuorlecrldluoc pue sualqoJd :slueldult pe1etOe1u " roesso ;o ulels{s qslpo^S eql .OI .ro[e1 ,1g lepuelog ,6 uopuiqyog .Zte-[tt:g:0661 Olngcelolltxe4pue lero f .Mot^el pue sosec ]o Uodel :s1ue;du.llepur;r(csnoossopuaq6no.rq1 -cer1relnqtpue4 .WS '3f slelcls ue^ 'gH geldul ,ff{ se:n1 lelBd uosent
-r JOIt -oil oJo -qHi oJo -JO -qr( -aH -11 -eH
-o xe oHl -v{
'q
txlft -I4H'
eL
cossvluec u.rvr. .asece Io uode.r,rr"ftor3;t?9ni5i;333: ue Jo lueulaceld aql lege eOeqllouleq0urueleerr4l_eln .O Epoqe-l
-oa
'v
-Iz'f
o,ng ce,ro'11xey1 re,,o,.' .1ue;du.rr reluope
lrlt;t"11]10'?,?3r!
e6eqllor,ueq0urueleetql-eln'lM osuollv ,e) ",Uoloul ,lt uose4 'lzl-zl l:zt:0661 qtsoeuvr uEc 'sosecoelql ]o uodsr e :tueolns lueldult 1e1uep6uunp ulstloqua .lte lelej .y1 lleqdureg,nf sot^eo '92-Lli celolllxenlelo I lul .ssoccnslo eualtrc t:986f sluEldurl pesodotd pue lAalnotV :slueldultleluep posn ,!;1ue.r.rnc ,ro Icecrge urel 6uo1eql 'HV uossltJf ,6 uogulqpo4l ,Vg qtez .I uossryorqy
o
qJIC
-oJ -30
'z
-oIf -oJ
't
4e oJe .EJI
qm -eht .
hII'I{HAH)KOIf
-od
3O hIIqH
-easdacx rarcesudurd:onr sJJqraJemawsr4r4Havaaodu urr4 r'runeaodzuerus Lrxgr4moor4msrogaHo)(etr :rr,rHanarevoud -eu oJecs oHHAhAJ S OI4HeI^MHA Aeml^ehuvea qJltrstsodu rsFlx
V EJH
ilheUAeHu Bl4HoHXoucO
3arcntoqeHne
Ocreoranrerparll4g npprMeHsercs B KJII{HpIqecxofi[paKT[Ke c 1965 rona. O6ruupnue uccJleAoBantrs.u Knrr4nr4lrecrr4e r4crrbrpa3nbrx ranvrs,B l{enrpax Mupa rrora3aJrrl ee a$Qexrunnocrt. Ona ycneruHa rlpll co6no4eHar4 orrpeAeneHnbrx ycnonufr, BKJIIoqarrpasyunrrft or6op ilaurreHroB, rrcrroJrb3onattue6uoJlofurlecKlt coBMecr]IMbIx Marepl{aJroB, TrrlareJrbnoe co6nroAeHI4e peKoMeHAyeMbIx MeroArrK xupyprruecK}Ix BMerrraTeJrbcTB,yMeJroer43roToBJreHlre cyflpacTpy.KTypbrr4 rrocTo.qHnoe ua6.ruoAenuenaulrenTa. 5ee coprueuufi, xr4pypri,rqecnr,rfilr oproneAr4.recxufi orarrbr rlMrrJrauTarluv e 6onnurofi creneHr,r 3aBlrc.rrr or rexHr,IKIr ux lpoBeAeHllg. HesHa.IureJIbHbIeI43MeHeH[.xB xoAe BbInoJrHeHI4.g [paKTr4rIeCKI,rX
9TaIIOB JIeqeH]r.{
MOryT
I]pUBeCT]r
K Cy-
IIIeCTBeHHbTM r{3MeHeHI4.flM efo pe3ynbTaTa.
OcreounrerprrpoBaHnas KoHcrpyKur{s cosAaerc.tr c yqeToM 3aKonos 6l4onornz. Ilpoqeccbr 3allcuBreufis. opraHr,r3Ma neo6xo4urrlo uclroJlbgoBarb Ang o6ecneqegu.rrocreolrnTerparlprr4, Koropar MolKer 6urr "nerxo HapyureHa B pe3yJrbrare neperpysoK, 4eftcrnyrcrurlx B o6r'acru 14. Sror 6uororr,r.recxnfi Qeuouen HarueJr caMoe [rr4poKoe npuMeHeH[e B oprorre4uuecrcoft [paKTI,IKe, npl4 peroncrpyKI1ull qepefino-nuuenofi o6.nacrra, a raK]fie B croMaroJlorfir,r. Tucg.ru [aurreHToB Bo BceM Mprpe BepHyJrr4cbK rroJlHoueHnort xnsHlr 6natogapa ocreol{Hrerparl}ur.
medwedi.ru