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Kt uriootqp[(et ott o Kporiotoe
, yrcti (unoornpt(6tav o7r'rov xoppottx6 p11avtop6>>. @u,iverdr, 6pcoq, 5rt 6ev ritcv itor ta np
24
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO IYITHMA
Aurtl qtav pro, azr6 rtq, out6pCI,Teq, ouvdneteq, rrlq 8rril,uoqq, Tou ooruvoptrof rpdtouq. H 6troto6ooio rnq ooruvopiuq ndvo o'6vcv repdotro opr0-
onq,.
p6 oopretrrrbv propn1ovrcirv, opul6eiov l(or oypoxrqpdtcrlv eile tolpo lrsroptpcrotei orrlv opd6o trov nol"tttrcbv 6rolerprotcilv, ,rou oro)"),ti1qxav (o
noyr6oplo Kupropl6,io. froti eivor <povep6, norq, ereivol Trou 0eopofv ol,6rlnpn rI yn oav pel.l.ovtrr6 rouq rp6ou6o 0o 6ciloouv 6p<paor1 oro 6pyavo rnq eooreprxtlq, pioq rot 0o rupepvrloouv ro KoroKrqpdvo 66oqoq, Lre r1q o,oruvoplr6q pe066ouq Kor ro ooruvoplr6 npooorzrrr6 pril,l"ov, napa pr ro orpat6. 'Eror, orvo(i Xpnorponoirloav ra Eq,-Eq rouq,, nou rltov ouoru,ooxd pia ooruvoprrri 66vopr1, yro, vo 6torrrloouv, or6po Kor vCI, KoroKrrloouv (6vo e6dqt1 lre rov dototo oror6 vCI, svooporciloouv ro orpor6 ror rqv ooruvopio rdtco on6 tr1 6u60uvor1 rrov Eq-Eq. 'Al,l,oott, Tl onpooio rqq v6og, oumiq, rooppozrioq rnq e(ouoioq ei1,e n6},oq, yivet opotrl, 6tav 6yrve n piatq Kc,roorol{ tnq ouyyptrriq enovdoroonq. H arpaulpti ouvtptpn tIq enovdoroorlg, 6oo tpopeprl xor onorel,eopcrtxrl Kr ov unrlp(e, npoypaxonorrl0rlre on6 povri6eq, rou roKrtrof orpotof rcrt oyr an6 ooruvoprxdq 8uvtipag, xt 6tor 6ev 6potooe ro06l,ou pe rrq tunrrd otu,l,rvrr6q, l,6oetq. flap6l"o ,rou I orpCI,n@rtrr1 enrleipnon orol,ou0r1fire on6 tqv e xr61"eor1 rorv oplnycbv ror 26r)'rd6eq, gul,arioerq, 6ev dyrvov po(rrc6q, ertonioerq zrl,rl0uoprilv. Aev 6ytve npoond0ao vo e(oprorofv or xdtorrot tqq, lcitpoq. Kar o<po6 11 enrleiprlorl rlrov orpottrortxrl rot 61t ootuvoptr(, or ooptetrroi pn6proov vo enrtpd\youv orov eaut6 ToDq va oteil€l orrlvufllp6vn X,cilpo apxetrl por10era, olore va npol,q
EIIAfQfH
25
rlrlpnq Kordppsuorl rnq orKovopioq, orrl Xpovtd rou CI,Kol,o601oe rIV tfiovtioro,oq. Tinoto, 6ev 0o 'rov Trto (6vo rrpoq ttq npo06ottq, rou Etdl,tv, oe n
ovtil,oyeq, neprotdoerq,. H zrro ooerlq 6v6et[q 6tr
Eoprettxrl 'Evrrlorl 6ev pnopei mo vo XopoKrnprorei ol,orl"qporttx(, trt rllv otevrl 6vvoro qq ).68nq,, eivctt, xtopiq apqrpo}.io,, 11 ercnl,qrtrrd yprlyopn Kot nl,o6oto ovcrydvvtloll rov telvrirv KCLI rolv ypopl^rritov orrl 6rdpxero tqq, tel"eutcricrq, 6eroetioq. Bdpoto, or npoonti0eteq, v' CI,fioKCI,taoro0ei o Etdl"tv Ko,t vo. Korootyo,o0ei o zr60oq, yto rrlv el.eu0epicr tou 1,6you Kc,r tr1q, oxriryrlq, Trou er6q)"rovetar 6l.o Kot fitptoo6tepo u,vtipeoo orouq, qorrr1t6q,, Touq ouyypoeeig ror rouq ro1"1,tt61veq,, crurdq, or npoond0tleq s7TCI,vep<pavi(ovto,r on6 rotp6 oe xo,tp6, oll,ti roptti touq 6ev 6,yer peyulrl enrtulio, ofre 0a pnopofoe vo, 61et l,copiq rnv nlnpn tlrc,voqoprl tnq rpopol(poriuq, Kor rou CI,orDvo[rlro6 ra0eorcbtoq,. Or ooprettroi 6ev 11
61ouv, rpuorrd, ro 6txcriopu, oTrotoo6rlnore nol,rorr1q, el,eu0epioq,, 626r lrovo qq, el,euOeptcrq, Tou ouvtrcrtpi(eo0or, o},l,ti Kol rnq ox6ryqq, tqq yvtilpnq, Kot tr1q, 6x
Tcpay$artr6tr1tcr, 6polq, 6l,o 61ouv ol,),ri(er. 'Otav n60ave o Etdl,tv, ru, ouptripto rorv ouyypu
0eto, vo pnv opol,oyo6v
dnora, ol,},ti ovti0ero vo opvofvrol
Tnv
evo1,r1
7r1CI, vo rdvoupe Lie rrlv ol,orl,lprotrrr1 Kuprop1io. Aut6 nou 6na0ov o Ervrtipom Kor o Ntdvrel,, or 6uo ouyypoeriq, nou, tov Iovouripto tou 1966, 6trdotlrov, ener6n 8qpooiruoov oro e(rrrreprr6 6pyo zrou 6ev 0o pnopotioov vo er6d)oouv orTl Eopmttrrl'Evrrrorl, Kol, Koro6rrdorrlrov or xtvre rar eqtd 1,p6vro Ko,rovoyraottrd 6pya, eivot oiyoupcr orov6al,rb6eq, ofpqrrlvo lrs ro rprtrlpto ev6q, ouvro,ypottxof ra0eorrbtoq.
Touq, 6ei26ver n
26
To oAoKAHPC2TIKo EYETHMA
o,rofotqKt o' 61,o tov xoopo, ro,r 6ev dlet ux6po (e1,uotei. Aev e[g<poviorTll(CI,v oto Bdpa0po qq ],r1opoofvr1q, Trou or ol,orl,lprrrttroi t06vovteq zrpoopi(ouv Yto, rouq, ovttndl,ouq rouq. 'Eva l,ry6tepo yvrrrot6, a},},ti ioroq ux6po 7I1o 7rtlonr6 yeyov6q, eivut 6tr 11 nol,6 rptl,66o(r1 on6netpo tou i6rou tou Kpoforotg vo, ovorp6yet t1 6ro6txu,oio tqq qtl,el,eu0eponoinoqq rot6l,q[e oe n]"r1pr1 onotulicr. To 1957 ttonyr1fuxe 6va v6,o <
eilov vo
Trouv
xplTtloto ro,Oeotrrlq vo (ovoeqopp6oet ttq po(tr6q extonioerq,, va, (o,vo,entgtil,er pts peydl,nq rl"ipc,Koq uno8otil,rrlotl l(o,1 (npdypa poorr6 pc, rnv olorl"r'lpcottxrl e(ouoio) vo efonol,foer 6vo v6o x6po po(rrcov l(o,rc,YYe),rrov. Iroti to <nopriotTc,) tnpr.;ne vc enildyovTot on6 tov i6to to 1,46, oe pu(rr6q ouyKevTptrloetq,. 'Opolq o <
EI'A|O|H rKrivc, rou rdpenKCI,v
27 yro, vo r7TCI,vop0o0ei q
ol,or
rllv Trpoorrlprvq lal"tiprrlorl rou no)"6pou otn Eoptetrxrl 'Evrooq, xoocilq l(1 ersivCI, nou ru,Ordporoov to oX,oxl,qporrtx6 rco0eoro>q onq 6opurp6poDq Xrrlpeq, taipra(ov 6l"o pe rouq rov6veq, rou fio,l1vr6rof nou eil,ape pd0er. H prol,oeprronoiqol rov 6oputp6pov riplroe pr pro ro,xtrrrl l,oirof petonou Kor [r1o np6ooyq xorvopou].eutrro6 ouotrlporoq Kc,r ndpaoe yp(yopo orrlv avorltrl eyrcoOi6puorl povor(oppottrcrbv 6rrtotoprcirv, Trou tKKcr0dproov rouq r06vovteq, KCI,r rCI, p6lq rov KopU,dtrrlv nou (tov o,vextd fiponyoup6vorq.
Etrlv tel"eutCI,iu etion, or eOvtxoi roppouvrotdq qy6teq,, Trou n M6o1o 6ixaro d6rro uzroyra(6rCI,v, Ko,rrlyoprlftxav crrpd, tonervo0nKu,v oe Trpol(CI,rc,ol(ruo,op6veq 6ireq, po,ooviorrlrcrv r1 oxot
11
r6tcrirepo ev6ruq6pov Kc,r 6ev no,pouord(er rcapio notrtl,io. Ereivo nou 6yrve ot pro, 6opu
fltivol sn6 500.000
ritopa eKroniorqKo,v un' o,utdq rtq rpttq, ptrp6q, X,r,tpeq Ko,t pto,
V. Vardys, "How the Baltic Republics fare in the Soviet Union" oro Foreign Affairs rov
Arpil"iou
1966.
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYETHMA
28
),eoOotiv no),}"oi uzrdl,l,r1)"or, oE uryr11,6q, rcot nol,rl uryr'11,6q, 06oetq,, xor (6poupe pe pepor6rnro,6tt out6g, ot ercrel"6oerq Trpoopi(ovrov va 66oouv to orivOqpa
ptoq v6og exroOtiprolq, or e0vtrcr1 r),ipcrro. Autrl Ocr [ertvoUoe o,p6ooq prtd rq (ouvopooiu, rrov yratp
6tr ouvrrrp6tqoe
(yrCI, vCI, e(ovrriroet tu, u,vrirrcpo, ote)"61r1 trlg EEEA>)3o. 'Ol,o 6oo, 6ytvov orq Pcooia ovdpeocr oro 1948 Ko,r rov Iovoudpro rou 1953, 6to,v
Bl". Armstrong, o.n., oel.. 335. Fainsod, o.n., oel.. 56.
EIEAfOfH
29
(ovtor ot Kovovrrd 8rootnporo - err6q, ov, guorKri, peropol,l,6rav q i6rcr rou ru,0eotrbtoq. n e6oq To nro 6pcrpocx6 ototleio rnq rsl,euraiaq, outrlq, exxaOdpronq, Trou oxe6to(e o Ettil.rv Trpoq to t6ppcr tnq (orlq rou, o 1o1uprop6g,, 6r1)"cr6r1, yro pta noyx6opro eppoirrl ouvorpooio, unrlp(e pro onoeaorotrrrl r6eo),oyrrr1 orpogtl. Eni 1p6vro ro 66aqoq, eile npooelttrd ral,X,tepyr10ei, pe 6rri<popeq, 6ireq otrq 6opug6pouq 1,dlpeq,: Tr1 6iq Pritr ornv Ouyyopic, rIV un60eor1 'Awoq, fltiouxep otrl Poupovio Kor, ro 1952, q 6iq El,dvort ornv Toelool,oporia. Autri ru, rrpoKotaprttrd p6rpo o6r1y1oov orl6rrixprorl rcov ovcirrtpov o(rorpoto626rov tou K6pporoq mou eilov <eppairr] Kol oottKn zrpo6l,euoq>>, Kolorrlv rotqyopic 6trrlrav orotvrordq. H rotqyopic dgrooe oryriotyti oto orlpeio vo crgopti Kol opyovropofq, nou 6ev ei76ov tinora ro orovrottx6 (et6rrri rqv EppcrooprplKavrxrl Evolp6vq Entrponrl Atovoprig,), yro vo 6rlptoupyrlOei 11 evt6ncooq 6tr 6l,or or Eppoior rlrov orcovrot6q, Kol 61,eq, or olrovtonrdq opri6eq
30
To oAoKAHPertKo TYETHMA
0r1re q tel"euta,ia ozr6non rtpnq c,n6
tov Erd)"rv oro vsl(p6 ouvd6el.rpo xo.t ovti(11,6 roD orrlv npoonti0eto ol,or)"1prottxr1q, KuplopXiug, pr rov onoio, rpoq peydl,l tou ),6nq, 6ev eile rcorop0rrloer va ouvriryer pto p6vrpn oupecovia. O Etdl,rv, 6xac, o Xitl,ep, n60c,ve orq p6or'1 proq epu(rootrr(q, enr26eipqoqq,. Kr 6tav npOe out6q, o Odvatoq,, n roropio nou oqrlyeirat our6 to ptpl"io, Tc, y€yov6to, nou npoono0ei vo xa,tcrvoqorl Kc,r vo e(qyr1oer, 6rpro,oo,v o'
dvo tdppo, toul"ri1rorov npooolprv6.
Io6vroq
1966
TO OAOKAHPCITIKO EYETHMA
Ot rcavowrcoi d,vlpcotrot 6ev (epouv nT@E
d,a efvat Suvatd. NTABINT
POY'TE
33
KEOAAAIO IPOTO
Mta Kowrovia )$)pi6 rd(et6
1. Ot pd(eq Tinoto 6ev lopoxtrlpi(a rol,ftepo to ol,orl,npcrltrrd rovrlpato yevrxti, xat t6roirepo rr1 66€o rov op11y
34
TO OAOKAHPQTTKO TYETHMA
feppovioq. Aur6q o e
'Evcr ox6po nro oopop6 orptil"po 0o rlto,v vo (elriooupt, lrt ro np6o26r1po cruulq rqq fipooroptv6tqtoq, 6tr ta ol,orluqpottxtl xo0eototo, 6oov xorp6 ppiorcovror ortlv e(ouoicr, Ko.r or ol,oxl,rlp
Xir)"ep ornv e(ouoto urnp(e v6ptpn oripqolvo pt rrlv o.px( rnq nl.eroryqqio,q3 ru,t o0re out6g ofre o Erdl,rv 0a eilav pnop6oet va 6tcrrrlprlndvro rdnoro nr0ov6rqto vo yiver nroteut6g,. H 6),l"euyq rpiolq tqq ofylpovqg, rotvrovtog uurl tqv ttiorl, 6,tor cirote xdnorog TroD nopouord(er ttq un6ryetq rou p' 6,vcrv t6vo oxl.6vrltqg otyouprrig 6rioxol"o l,tivet to y6qtp6 rou, ox6po xr q,v n6oet ol"o
61er
evrol$er
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE
TAEEIX
35
oouv rqv efirpol,r1 touq ndvo oe peyd)"ouq nl,q0uopofq,, vcr enr(rloouv an6 zrol"uriprOp,eq rooreptr6q, rut e(o:teptr6q xpioerq, Ko,t vo ovrlperconioouv Touq, noluluunLofq, rrv6tivouq apeil,rxtcov ev6oxoppottrov u,ycbvrrrv, ov 6ev etlov rrlv slrTrroroo6vq t
v' o,no6o0ei q 6qpottrc6tqtd rouq, ot1 virrl ptoq, rrponayrivoto rydpcr, rTlV tiyvoro KCI,lrllv ovoqoia. ftq,ti 11 nponoydv6u trov o)"oxl,rlporttrriv nvqpdtrrlv eivot nuvra e(ioou er).rrprvqg 6oo ror onatr1l"r1, Ko,r ot en(6o(or ol,orl,lptotrxoi 6rrtdtopeq, opXi(ouv ouv(0oq rnv xopdpa rouq, ropntl(ovro,q, yro, Tc, nol,rri rouq eyxl,tlporo, Ko,t ovoyy6l,),ovroq, pe xd0e ),enropdpao, rCI, pel"l,ovttrd. Ot vcr(i <ei1CI,v rtlv nenoiOlorl 6tr to 6yrcl.qpc, aorei orrlv enoyl poq pto porcdppta 6IEq>' Kol oTTore),ei yvolo16 ototleio rr'1q, Kolrtlouvtottrrlq nponoytiv6oq,, otq Prrroic, KCLI oto e(coteprr6, o lo1uprop6q, 6tt ot pnol,oepixor 6ev ovoyvtopi(ouv ro ouvq0top6va 10rrd rprtrlpro. H neipo 61er ono6ei(et, oe nol,)"6q neprntooelq, 6tt r'1 Ttponoyo,v6rotrrrl 6riva,pq rou syxl,qpuroq, Kot rqq yeuKrlq, neptqp6vqorlq tolv qOrrcov a(rcov eivat ove(dprr'1u1 an6 to on1,6 oupg6pov, fiou ufiotiOetot 6tt onotel"ei rov ro1up6tepo ryulol,oytr6 noptiyovrcl orllv nol,tttxr1. pzropei enioqg,
6uq, otrlprypdvrlq
ttlv
vopo0eo(u, nou tolue rq otryprl trlq rutd)"qvnq rqq e(ouoiog> (Hans Frank, Recht und Verwaltung, 1939, oe),. 8). 4. H xo),rite pI pel,6rn ndv
TO OAOKAHPCITIKO TYITHMA
36
H 6),En Trou ooKofv to rar6 Kol ro 6yrl,r1po or1 voorponia tou 61l,ou 6ev eivar ra,tvof pto <parv6pevo. 'E1er zrdvro 6ronrotor0ei nrrlq o 61,l,oq,Iotptd(et
afi' rn feppavtrcrl irc\ooq row
<[Ipcorox6L),cov
rav
Dorpcitv
r1q Drbv>. Die Zio-
nistischen protokole mit einem Vor - und Nachwort von Theodor Fritsch, 1924, ae)'. 29. 7. flp6rertul yto 1uo uzroxl,erorrx6ulto rrlq poorrrlq ncpal,)"oyr]q tou ol,orl,r1poltropo6. Merd o7r' rlq, npcirteg 6ireg (6vov pqluvrxrilv otrl loprettxrl 'Evroor1, ot qtl,oxoppouvtottrdg, cn6ryerg XpnorpoTtor6vtouoov oov enrl,eipnpo ylo rqv ouro-Kotrlyopio: "Euv61eto or op16q orto,rto6ocv vu ncrpo6eltcb 6tr 6xovo npri(eiq oapnorri( nou 6ev rlrov al,r10rv6q. Apvr6pouvu. Mou einav:
enigma, Aov6ivo 1940, oel,. 153. O Tp6torr 66cooe pra 0eatpqrtr( etlyqoq autrlq rnq roKrrKrlq: "Aev pnopofpe vo dloupre 6ixro, ncrpd po(i pe to K6ppc, yrcri 11 Iotopia 6ev 66cooe dl,l,o tp6ro yro vo 61oupe 6ixto. Or 'Ayy),or 61ouv ;no Tropotpia:
6rrdotqrov
xerL,erop6vcov t
MIA KOINONIA XOPII TAEEII
37
r6eol,ropo6, o qovorlop6q tolv ol,orl,qprrrttrrirv rtvqpdtrrrv Ko,rclpp6et tr1 onyprl ,rou ro rivrlpo eyxorcrleizrei touq eovortKofq ono6oriq tou, orordlvovrcr,q, p6,ou rouq, rctiOe un6l,etppo riotqq nou 0o pnopoUoe vo ent(r1oer Crn6 rn ouvrptprl tou i6tou tou xrv(po,toq,e. AIl"d oro tooreptx6 rou opTovopdvou nl,oiotou tou rtvqporoq,, 6oov ro,tp6 l,ettoupyei, tcr Qclvu,rloLr6vo p6),q 6ev pnopotiv vo ouvertoOotiv o0te on6 tqv neipa, ofte on6 raEnr6ltpnpoto. H tofttotl lrt ro xivqpo Kot o ozr6l,utog KotlQoptuop6q pord(ouv vo 61ouv Ku,Toorpdryer ox6po Kc,1 trlv txov6tqtd rouq vo ouvctlo0crv0otiv pto epnerpio, 6oto Kr o,v eivar t6oo arpaia 6oo to pooovtotnpro n o
e(optubvtor crm6 pro ovol,oyrrrl 6rivopq, to o)"orl,qprottrri rtv(patcr e[opttrirvtar an6 tq 6rivopq trrrv aptOpriv rot p6vo' yt' out6 to ol,orl"rlpolnrd raOeorrbrc, potd(ouv vo eivor o6fvato vo entpl"lOofv, ar6po, rot un6 ouvOr1req xotti rct" ti),X,a euvoirdq,, ot Xoptq pt oletrxd 7rtploplopd,vo n),q0uogr6t0. Metd tov flpolto floyr6opto fl6l,epo, 6vo x6pa ptool,orcl"q-
er66oerq tou poorro0 rdvrpou nponcyriv6ac,(Hauptamt-Schulungsamt) rirv Eq-Eq, eivot gcvep6 6tt n I6En
38
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO IYITHMA
ptottr(d)v Ko,t ol,oKl,rlpronrrrlv xrvrlpdtrov, poOrd e?gOptrrrlv npoq, q 6qporo,r euvoirrrlv npoq, tq 6rxroropicr, onl,cilOqrs ornv Eupdlnq. Eextvcovtoq, on6 rqv Itol,io, ec,ororlKd rrvrlparo ru,ec,viorqrcv oe 61,eq o1e66v
rporio
ttq lolpeq, rnq Kevrpllfilq Kc,1 CI,vorol,rrr1q, Eupcbzrrlq, (to toelrr6 rprlpo rqg Toelool,oportcrq urrlp(e pru, on6 rlq, olpovtrxdq, e(arp6oerq). Kr 6proq,, or6po rt o i6roq o Mouool,tvr, nou oyanofoe t6oo trlv drrppoorl
ll. Aut6 nou crzro6etxv0er, 6tt q gooronrrl 6rxrotopio 6ev eivor ol,oxl,qpcotrrrl, eivor 6o or nol,rtrr6q xota8ireq eivar l,iysq Kol oxerlKd el"crpp6q. Xtq 6uipxero r
oe},. 468). O Xipl"ep e[dqpooe trlv i6rc dnoyrl o'6vo ].6yo nou dpya],e ro 1943 oe pro o6oreyq avtrtrepo:v cr(rcopottrcirv:
Kohn-Bramstedt, o.n. ncpdptrlpa A. An' tqv opln xqq 6ercretiuq tou '20, o Xitl"ep ovayv
39
MIA KOINONIA XOPII TAEEIE
6vrco0e
rl,ep
Trou
ro riv4po rotul,tippave trlv e(ouoio, ot 6taotdoelq rnq Xropoq uno26p6rov efii6o(o ol,oxl,qpolnr6 1y6rn vCI. ouppop
ovCI,v
KoLrpouvrordg rltov or r6eol,rot6q tou ooorol,ropoli...). B),. Heiden, o.n. oal. 147. O Pep, o opXny6g rcov Eg-A, ezrovalapptivet pro 6to6e6op6vq dnoyq 6tcrv yptiget oro 16)"oq 14q 6exoeticg rou'20: <
gpioxovtot ovttpdtroro. 'Htav noluri efro)"o yro poq vo vrrrlooupr ro oorrK
eivur fio1"6 rotrbtepd paq. Or X6psq mou 61ouv prc r6eol.oyia eivcr nro 6uvatdg orr' ro ootrx (Goebbels diaries, oe}". 355). Autr14 rpiorl poot(6tcv oe t6eo-
l,oyrxti xr 61r orporlouKri rprtqpro. O Gottfried Neesse, oto Partei und Staat, 1936, 66cooe trlv enioqprl
otrr6 x6ppo>
or6pc pru oroeooroorrl pri11 evrivtro, oro
l(opl.rouvr-
(oe},. 76).
13. Hitler's Tischgespriiche, oe)'.113. Bpioroupe e6rb zo)")"ri napo6eiyporo /toD 6eilvouv 6tr, ovtiOeto crn6 peprxofq petonol,eprrofq p60oug, o Xirl,ep 6ev e(1e rord tr1v np60eoq vo ufiepoozrioer tq Arioq o,n{ivuvtr oto pno}"oeBrrrop6, a},}"d ritov ntivto dtorpoq vo ouptrolrloet pe touq
40
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYITHMA
o1npo proq, to(trnq q Ko[rpo,ru(r1q, 6trtoropioq. H o],t1Oao eivCI,t 6tt out6q or lcipeq, 6ev ei1,ov 6l,ey1o ot opKtr6 ovOpolntvo orot1eio, coote vo eivo,t 6uvotrl q ol,oxl,r1polnrr1 ruptaplto Kol or pcrpt6q, arrill,ereq, nl.r1Ouopof nou ouvendyerorls. Mr1 61ovtoq, peyril,eq, el,rui6tq, vo rotortrloouv e6dQn pe peyol,ftepo n1,q0uop6, or tfpo,vvot outrirv rov lrlKprilv l6copcbv Drro1pt60n-
ot Lrro o1trtrrl petprond0etcr, oz16 tp6po prdncoq ldoouv rouq,l,iyouq uTrrlr6ouq rouq,. fro tov i6ro l,6yo o vo(top6q, nptv on6 r1v e(an6l,uoq rou rol,6pou Kol rrlv en6rtaorl rou oTnv Eupcirnrl,
15. Aut6 6eilver rot q ax6)uou0q nl,qpo<popio nou cvoq6per o Souvarine, o.n. oe)'. 669: <E0p<provo pe rov B. Kprpitorr nou 61,er ep?rroreurlKdq nl,rlpotpopteq, on' tq lxeneo6: "Avti yw l7l exoropp6prtr rctoixoDq Trou rcpopl.dzrovrov ylo ro L937 0prixope p6vo 145 exotoppf pto. A1l.o6ri 6l,errov nepizou 30 eroropp6pro riv0profiol orr' rrlv EEEA">. Kot ng{nava urevOupiooupe 611
cur6 ouvdpq petri fllv orroKoul,oxonoiloq nou otoiltot rn
(
nepiztou 8 exotoppupicov
ovOp<6zrrov. Blu. Communism in Action,616oorl rnq opeplKovrrriq, xup6pv1ot1g, Outiorvyrtov, 1946, oe}". 140. 16. Mnopei xaveiq vo pper 6va peydl.o tlipoq on' ourri ta o166to, rou oqpi(ovrct ot ou0evttrd al'l,ti p6vo dyyparpa aro Breviaire de la haine tou L6on Poliakov, flcpior, 1951, xe
-
oto pdtpo nou oleri(ovcor ps tqv e(oiu60pruo1 pq ytppovrrtbv Tuarbv, xupftoq ol,ripcov. H xotootpo<prrr1 p1r(ov1 rolv va(i 6ev 0o otopotofoe ofte pnpootti oro yeppovrr6 1,46. Eivar euv6qro, ofpgrovo p'6vov xovovtop6 tqq ulrervrlq, tou Pdrl rou dyparye o i6roq, o Xitl,ep. flpoteivet vo ((o[opovro0o0v> o7r' rov un6]uorzro n],r10uop6 6],eq ot otroy6vercq, Trou oupTltpl]"opptivouv apprirotouq pe rop6tox6q ri nveupovrr6q, rc0rioerq,. To en6pevo otti6to tou npoyptippoxoq rltov 11 oorpattxrl touq, e(ol.60peuor1. Aur6 ro p6tpo, 6n
111
oetpri
r111v
Oudorvyrrov,
vroKoupdvtcov Trou ouprepr),opprivovtol oro Nazi Conspiracy and Agression, t6poq VII, oe),. 175. Erioqq ou(r1o6tcv 11 rpocil0qon ploq
1946,
oiog>>, nou 0o voprpoTrolofoe
xor 0' c6(ave r1v
otdl,ver c$rilouq oro otpar6ne6c ouyrdvrpoolq. (B1,. Paul Werner, SS-Standartenftihrer, oto Deutsches Jugendrecht, Heft 4, lg4H). X26etrxri p' ourl (filv opvrloxrl nol,ttrrrl trov rl,r1Ouopcbv>, nou rel,rxd 61et rouq i6touq ot6louq lre rtq exxo0opioelqrrov pnol,oepirrov, eivor o1povlr6 vo 0upr10ei xaveiq 6tt <6ev propei vo urdp(er t6l.oq o' outrl rq 6ur6rxaoio ezil,oyr1q>
(Himmler, "Die Schutzstaffel",
oro
Grundlagen, aufbau und wirtschaftsordnung
des
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE TAEEIE
4t
6rtiprero tou zrol"6pou, 6rov or ovc,To1,tr6q, ratorr(oelq, fipotrrl0euouv perar 6xovo,v 6uvorti to arpan6xe6o e(6vtooq€, pzr6peoe 1 feppcrvia vo ryr(oroorrloet 6vo ol,r10tvd ol,orl"1protrr6 xa0e-
ydl"eq crvOpcbnrveq pd(eq,
otoq. (Avtiotpoeo, or riv6uvot ol,oxl,qporrtrof ru0eorcrrroq eivo,t rpopolttrd peyril,ot otrq loprq pr rov fio,rponopd6oro ovoro)"rx6 6eononop6, tqv Iv6icr Kol rrlv Kivo. Yrudplet erei prcr o1e66v ove(rivrl,qtrl zrprotn 6In yro, vo tpdger rov pn1ovrop6 tr'1q, ol"orl,npoltrxnq, KuplopX(aq, pn1ovtop6 fiou ouooorpefet e(ouoia Kol Kcr,rootpdget ovOpcbnouq,. Kr aur6 to oio0rlpc Trou Xopoxtqpi(er ro <pa(
rou pfiopofv va ?(pnorpofiorq0ofv Xropiq our6 va plo o6qyrloer os Koro,orpentrxq SqpoypaelKn peicrroq, eivat 6uvotrl n rpedvton rou oX,orl,qpcotrxod xa0eotorroq,, Trou ofiorel,ei xdtr 6taqopetrr6 on6 to o2uoxl,lpcottr6 xivrlpa. To ol"orl,qporarti rrvrlpoto eivor 8uvotri navroti 6zrou undplouv pd(eq, ,Iou, Tlc, tov 6vo 11 tov dl,)uo ),6yo, ovorol,U?TTouv 6fl efirOupo0v rdnoto nol,tnrcri opyrivolon. Or pti(eq 6ev evcbvovrd,r oz16 tq ouvei6qorl ev6q xotvof ouprpdpovtoq, 6ev 61,ouv trlv r8raimprl ereivq 6rdp0polon rorv rd(ecov zrou exgpri(etol pe u1v enr6iol(r1 ouyrerprpdvorv, reploprop6vorv Kor npoort
roptti opytivcoon otrlpr(6ptv1 oro rotv6 oupg6pov (nol,tnrri r6ppatc, 8qportrd ouppo6l,to, eno,yyel,portr<6q, opyavciloerq, n ouv6rrdra). Or pd(eq, unriplouv <6uvriprl>) o'61"eq,trq lcilpeq, Kor oTrorel"o0v tqv nl,ero\Uneto tcov peyril,cov exeivarv
yro rouq,6uo u,urofg l,6youq,, 6ev plnopo6v vo tvro10ofv oe
nationalsozialistischen staates, No 7B).
yto n
42
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYETHMA
orpopdrov cr,7T6 ou66repo xc,t noX,rtrrd a6rdgopc riropa, fiou \Unqi(ouv ondvro, ror 6ev eyypri<povran xort o' 6vc r6ppo. Ereivo Trou Xoportrlpi(er tr1 poy6oio ovdntu(q tou vo(rotrxof nvrlpo-
roq orn leppovio, KCI,r, rorv r(oppouvroorcirv rrqpdtov orTlv Euptilzrl petd ro 193017, eivor 6tr orpcrtol,6yqoov rouq, ona6o0q, Touq, p6oo on' outrl tr1 pri(u rcov gcr,lvopevrrd o6uigopolv cv0pciln(Dv, Trou tc dl,l,u x6ppoto rouq ei76av eyratol,eiyer, yrcti rouq, 6pprorav no1,6 ano0eiq, q av61touq,, cbote vo eivar d(ror rpooo1,r1q. Tg cnordl,eopo rlrov 6tt n nl,eroryrlgio torv ona8drv rouq onotel,dorrlKe aru6 dropo Trou 6ev eilav notl-,zlprv epeovtoOei orllv nol.rorrl orr1vr1. Aut6 eur6l,uve rq ?(pqorponoiqorl evtel,rilq, v6cov pe066tov nol,rrrr( c, fipofiaydv6aq,, roO
MIA KOINONIA XOPIT TAEEII
43
ofttqtovo pe Kov6vrq TTou 6ev avayvcopi(ovtar evepyd fiapa crn6 pta perov6rTlro. H 6eftepq outondrn Trou ror6ppryov ro ol,orl,r1poaxri rrvrlparo 0ecopo6oe autdq trq, pd(eq, Xrrrpiq oqpooio, rtg xioteue oX,r10rvd ou66tepeq, v6pr(e 6tr olrlpdn(ov to poup6
19. Efp<polvo
44
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO XYITHMA
anoxol,fntouv rouq un6yetouq rrv66vouq Trou 6totp61er 11 A6o11 an6 7rou, lrc Tov replruaop6 tou AeftrpoD floyx6optou flo],6pou, rrCI,vol,n
t6re
MIA KOINONIA XOPIT
TAEEIX
45
6ev pnopofv ra06l,ou vo el,ni(ouv vo enrpuiroouv p6oo orov ovroytovrop6
rnq (onq. Eivor 66orol,o vc 6tarpivet ro,veiq trq, 0a0dg, 6ta<popdq nou undp1ouv crvdpeoo orlq, opyovriloerq, rou 61l,ou rou 19ou orcirvo Kol oro po(rxd xrvtlpriro tou 20o6. flpoypottrd, ot o6ylpovor ol"orl,rlpcotrxoi qy6,teq 6ev pord(ouv ro06l,ou 6to<popettxoi, orrlv ryu26ol,oyio xot rn voorponio, rpoq rouq nal,t6tepouq,6qpeytpreg, nou ro, rl0rrti rouq, xpttrlpto Kc,lot nol,tttrdq, p60o6or nl,r1oui(ov t6oo no1,6 ro oortKri xprtriplo Kot pe066ouq. Kt 6pcoq, oro p6tpo Trou o orol-rrKtop6q laportrlpt(e n1 otdorl rnq, oortl(nq td(nq, a},l,ri KCr,t rou 61l,ou, ra ol,orl"lpcocrti rrvqpata pnopo0v 8irato vo lo1uptotofv ncog unrlp(ov to rcpdru ul,q0rvd ovrl-CI,ortrri r6ppcrta. Kovdva on6 ra npotqq lft1q Aerepppiou, nou yev6otepo, rou 19ou ouirvo - o6te 11 Etotpeio trlv e(ouoio, ofte 01rCI,rotu,)udpet vu, Aou6opiro-Nanol,dovto to 0o(0noe trov prootxcirv ot CI,uroupyoi Nrp6t<pouq,, ofte trlq ur60tonq oeoydrov ErapXieq noyrp6p, ofte to ncvoX.autottr6 11rc xayyeppovtr6 xiwlpa - xavdvo 6ev rottirtrlot Touq, ora6ofg Tou oe oqpeio, cirote Vo rouq rdver vo, l6tioouv 6leq, rtq, Trpooontr6q rouq 6rex6txr1oelq Kol qtl"o6o[ieq,, ruv6vo,6ev ei1,e no-
t6 rpo,vtcrorei, firrlq plo opyriv
H o16oq ovdpeoo orllv to(txr1 xorvcovia, rrlV Kuptop1ofpevq on6 tqv td(n, Ko,r ttq, pd(eq rcou pyrlxov on6 tqv ratdppeuotl tr1q,, 6to
r(rnpronr6
rlq Kolvovrr6q,6tax],a6riloerq Kc,r Trpoq rriOe rovovrrrl nol,rarrl ovrtTrpoooneuol. 'Opcoq, evd) o 611,oq orKtloTlorcitar (6otco r(o,1 pt 8reotpoppdvn popqn) to rprtrlpto Kot ng an6Vflq, rnq dp26ouooq tri[nq, ot pd(eq, u,vrovoKl,ofv, rot rcrtd rdnoto tp6no fiopotlop
rov 611,o: eivor
[6veq, npoq 6],eq
or ioo po0p6, 61,eq 01 Korvovrrdq, tri(erq,. H r6r6qro, rou p61,ouq, ptoq, td(qq (ov Kot Trto Xal,opn ror l,ty6repo ouorrlpd ro0oprop6vl an6 TTlv Kotvrrlvrrrl npodl,euol Ct ofyrptorl pr rouq Ko,r
46
To oAoKAHporrKo EyrrHMA
6tclrrlptol.loriq rnq ptootcovrrrlq rorvotvio,q,) e€aptroltcrv yevtrd o,ru6 tr1 ydvvTlon ror p6vo e(crrpetrxd lapiopato 11 pro, e(orpeflxr1 t61n pnopofoe vo rllv rpoTTonotqoet. H rorvrrrvtxrl 06o11r1rov o,fioeCI,orotrrri yro rrl oupperolrl tou ot6pou orllv nol"rttrrl Ko,l, tKToq on6 TLc, xepvtrrooerq, e0vtrof rrv66vou, orlq, oaoieg, ro dtopo €npene vo, rvrpyfioet oav p6Log rou 60vou6 o,vr(tlptrlto o,n6 tqv rd€n 11 to r6ppo 6nou o,vr'1rce, 6ev r'1rov nor€ tipeoo une60uvo yrCI, rCI, nol,rnrd fipaypara. 'Oto,v pto td(r1 o,norrofoe onpovttr6repo pol,o ornv rorv6tqto,, peprrti crn6 tu, petrn rIq rK7rCI,r6e6ovrCI,v yrCI, vu, uorrloouv enoyye).pa,trxti rqv nol"tttxrl, rcl,rlpcov6pevo, (n 6Xr, o,v ei1o,v ta p6oo) Ylo, vCI, oupperdlouv orrlv rup6pvrlon KCI,r vCI, ovrlTrpoorone6ouv rrlv rdqn rouq oro Korvopo6l.to. H zrl"eroryreio cou )"o,of ripeve 6(ol on6 rcdOe r6ppu n ti)'l'n nol"rtrrrl opydvroon, fipdypCI, Trou 6ev qo,rv6ro,v ro06l,ou rco,rc6 xat iolue yra, 6),eq rtg tti(erg. M' til,l,o l,6yra, ro vo, u,vrlrer rco,veiq oe pro rd€n, pe rtq oul,l"oyrrdq xar Trtploprop6veq, unolperrroerq trlq andvo,vrr ornv ruo),rttrq, e pn66r(e tr1 y6vvr'1oq no)"ttrrrv Trou vu vtcD0ouv o,toprxti Ko,r Trpoocontrd une60uvor yrCI, rrlv 6torcupdpvnon tqg lrrlpoq. Aut6q o o,nol.tnx6q lopoKrnpCI,q rou e0vtrcof n)"q0uopor5 6ev 6yrve rpave p6q, napa 6tov ro tcr(rr6 oriotr'1Llo yr(ptpiorqre, oupT[o,po,oripovtog, orTlv nrrr:oq rou o]"6xlnpo ro 6irtuo Ttrlv opCI,Tcov ro,t cr6po,trrrv vr1ptirrrlv nou 66evo,v ro ),o6 lrc To no],rttr<6 orrlpo,.
H rotdppeuoTl tou ra(rror5 ouorlporoq eile ocrv crur6po,to efiar6l,ou0o tqv ratdppruon rou r(oppotrxof ouorlpotoq. Tcr x6pparo,, crrq, rKepootdq oup
MIA KOINQNIA XOPII
TAFEIE
47
ond0etd roDq, xcrt nrlyov ,rovroti 6nou 6pl,enav pro euKorpio vo erqptioouv tq v6u xot picnq 6tapoptupio rouq. H ntrbol Ttrrv TrpoorortuuKrbv terlrrlv flou onota]"o6oov or rd(erq, [rsrcr,lr6prpoloe trq n)"eto\yneieq, nou rrlq, t6re ptoorotp6vtouoov rdtrrr an6 tqv crryi6o 6)"cov rrrlv l(oppritrrlv, ot pro povo8rrrl peydlq dpop<prl pala 6Ea),l.crlv ot6prov. Aev eilav tinoto, to rorv6, err6q on6 pro a6ptotq ouvei6qorl
6tr or el"ni6eg rtov Koppo,trrrbv pel,rilv rltov pritcrrcq,, ru,r 6tr, enopdvcoq, TCI, Trro oepootri, To Trro ra),l,upyr1p6vo, To, Trro ovnTrpooconeutrrd p6),n tnq, rcotv6tqtcrg rltov q),iOror, 6tr 61"eq or Ko,Trorqp6veq 6uvdpetq, 6ev rltov p6vo 10rxd 6nonteq, ol"l.d rar ov61rtq, KCI,r anaql,6q,. Aiyn olpooicr ei1e, yro 11 y6vvr1on rnq rpolro1rlxrlq clur(q, opvrlnl(nq aX),q),eyyriqg, Troro Llopqn eile to piooq, evo,vtiov rou Kc,Ttotqpdvou Kc,r rov nol,rttxcirv 6uvdpeolv: fro tov dvepyo 6tptotye ro oooro,l,6qporpo,ttr6 rc6ppo,, yro rov oroyupvrrlp6vo prrcpoi6rorculrrl rctinoto rcoppo tou rcdvrpou 11 trlq Ds[tdq KCI,t yl.CI, ng nol"dg peooieq, rar ovrbtepeq, td(aq n no,po,6ootorrl orpo6e(td. O opt0p6q, trrlv yevrrd CI,fioyorlrcup6vrrlv rur anelnropdvcrrv autdrv crv0pconcov ou(q0nKe poy6aia otq leppovio Kor rrlv Auotpia perd, tov flprilto floyr6oplo fl6i'epo, 6tov o zrl"q0roprop6q, Kor Tl ovepyio lerpor6pe\yCI,v rnv ano6rdpOpoorl Trou o,ro),o60noe rn orpCI,nourrl rlrto. Bp60r1xov nol")"oi t6roror, o' 61,o, ta rpdrrl, TTou 6rlptoupyrl0rlxcrv t6te Ko,r uTrootrlpt(av to e(tpeprortrd rrvrlpora ott1 fol.l,ia ror trlv Irol,io, perd ro Asftepo floyr6opro fl6)"epo.
I'o,utr1qv crrp6oeorpo,, p6oo ornv rordppeuol rnq to(txr1q, rorvcovicrq, ovunttil0nKt n Vuxol.oyio, tou Eupolzruiou <pa(dv0polnou>. To yeyov6q 6rt, pr lno pov6tovq o],],ri oenpnp6vq oporopopgia, 11 i6ro t61n efie n]"i\a lnCI, tlri(o ar6porv, 6ev touq epn66toe va 0eoprloouv rouq eauto0q, rouq, otoprrd
oTroru1np6vouq,, o6te vo nrot6tyouv 6tr o x6opoq rouq o6irr1oe. 'Oprrlq autrl rl rTol(rvtptxrq nrxpicr, o,v Kol ovoropoy6tov oe ndpnol,l,eq atoprrdq, rcrr prpovop6,veq, neprntcooerq,, 6ev u,norel,o6oe rorv6 6eop6: flcp'61"q tqv t
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO TYTTHMA
48
ext6q on6 ttg crl,uoi6eq, rouq, 6ev egoppo(6tov otouq, <pa(dvOpo> ytcrd 61,aoav zro],6 neptoo6tepcr an6 ttq, o],uoi6eq, touq,, 6tov 6noryov vu ev8ra
26rioouv lrouq,>),
1,rcov
ror npopl,qpotropdlv, ltou xttvouv tqv ov0p6nrvrl
(ron 66orol,11
rot
oycrrvrcil6n, eiye otep6rya. Ee ofyxptoq pt tqv o6ta<popia roDq yto u1v 61,q, 6vcrq, Xptotrav6q xa)"6ytpoq <poivetcrt rol,6 u},tou1q, Kot l(ooprr6q. O Xipl,ep, nou yvropr(e t6oo ral,ri rn voorponicr ereivov nou opytivoJvt, 66cooe pro ooorrl neptypae(, 6Xr p6vov trrrv 6trcirv rou Eq-Eq, a[),d Ko,l rrrlv tltYdl,olv otprrrpdtolv on' 6tou ToUq, otpo,rol,oyo6oe , 6tcrv eine zrorq, 6ev ev6ta
Ku06pvnon tcov HIIA, Outiotvyxtov, 1946,IV, oel'. 616. 21. O Gustave Lebon, oro La Psychologie des Foules, 1895, ovorp6perot orrlv nopd(evq o6roqopia tcov pa(cbv. Bl,. re
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE
Kor
I
49
TAEEIE
yeuKri fieplQp6vqorl al(6pa Kor ,tpoq,touq ofil,ofq Kav6veq, rrl€ l(olv{q
IoIr{S. Awi0erc fipoq,flq, rpo0Mvelq, ot lrd(eq 6ev unrip(cv aztot6)copa rnq peyol0tepqq lo6tqccq torv ouvOlxrilv (oniq, ofte rqq eBdtl,orcnq qq ygwrriq exroi6euoqq,, pt tqv cvct6tpeuKfll ntcboq entn66ou Kcl rrlv nororlrri roon66cooq nou ouverdyetcu (H Apeprr{, rl,aorr6 tapri6etypa tnq to6q-
taq, ouvOqxrbv xct rnq, Teux{g errci6euoqg pe 6leg qq rlq ovendprereq,, eivar {oorq X,ry6repo ovttnpoooreutrrri qq yuloloyicq,t
peydlq xeillrfpprc zrpooeX,r6owcv t&a{tepa cr6 tc pc(trd xrvrlpcrc, Kor rollq,yevrrd o erlsntuop6voq, atoptxrop6q 6ev epn66(e, oll,ti 6reur6X,uve peptr6g eop6q fllv cutoeTKctdXcryq, p6oc otq pd(tt. To olotpdvepo TeTov6q, 6nI eBarop{reuoq ratq xc}'l,rdplera 6ev czotpdzettq 6nppuplic ptaq pc(rrriq,vootpon{trq,, {tcv t6oo tttp6plszto, c6ote oulvd Oeroprl0qre urc60Dvoq Tt' cur6 o pcrd0prog
topcrt{pcg
ti o pn6euo}t6q t4q, ofyl,povqq,
wte),ryr6worcq,, 6vc autopiooq, tuznr6 tolv 6tcvooupdvorv, ti ax6pc o cvtcyoruop6q cvdpeoa oto zrvedpc Kct trl (orlr{ oPpti, (e e10p6tr1tc cou nvefpctoq, r poq q (coti >.' O polq,, cuto{ ot 8rcvoof perrot, nou t6oo emx pi0lrav, 6ev {tcv r,apd. ro ,rro 1tum1t6 rcpd6erTpc KCt to zto qavep6 qep6qovo ev6g zo16 mo yevtrof qawopdvou. H rorwrrvrx{ eEatopireuon ropafllp{0qre rprv cn6 ta pc(rrd rrvrlpctu, zrou npoo6lKuocv touq, eweMq, cvopydv
Etqv *paypcox6ulto, or pd$q, avcntflOqrav ct6 roppdtto lrtcq,Kotvorvfuq ztol,6 ctoprronorqp6vrlq, fiou q ovrcYrovtottmi 6ottti fllq, Kot q ato-
prrri lrovaBrd zou tqv ouvo6aier 6ev fiep@pt(6tav tcpd p6vo clt6 tqv to(rrri 6l6tqtc. To rdpro lapaKfilptotrr6 tou
50
To oAoKAHporrKo EyETHMA
Kcr rouq, 6rroriq rouq ovflKerpevtxofq oronofg, ytc l,6youq rcc0apd 6rlpcyorytrof q2.
Ofre o quX"errr6q e0vtrrop6q,, ofte o pq6evrop6q tqq e(67epoqq 6ev 1cparrqpi(ouv trq pri(Bq, 6ev touq, eivar r6eol,opxd lprio4lor, 6ncoq, ritcv Tto tov 61l,ci. Alul,6, ot mo rporrrop6vor qydteq t
ror
495).
23. O Carlton J.H. Hayes, o.n., ,rou 6ev 6loX,ropi(er tov 6fl,o ror trq pd(eq, motefer 6tr or ol,oxlrlp
tov epgdlro r6lepo ocv notp{6c> (o.r,, oel. 100). 25. H puocr{ oupqorvlc cvdpeoo oto otpayrlt6 Eldq,ep Kol rov opfl176 trov Eq-A, Pep, ot6leue otqv tozo06tqol 6lrrrv t(ov ,ropoorpotroxrxrbv oplcwrloeotv rdt
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE TAEEIE
51
qpa ofpetovo pe rlq, 6rr6q
touq 6Ceq,, r66eq ptaq, nolurtrr{q gt}vooogicq rou 61)"ou6, rcr 6ev 66rvcv olpaoic oqv cu06pprlrl Kal ove(,dpqq uroorripr(1 zrou 66lvov ol pd(eq o?ouq,v6ouq o1)uorpdtopeq Kor o?tq,rro,v6t1teq, outriv rarv cpITlT6v va 6qproupyrioouv vdeq pope6q opydwrrolq. Emreqclu{q trov po(dtv, o 61X,oq 6ev rltov zrrc 6pycvo tqq coorriq rd(r1q, ofte ravev6q dl,l,ou, zcpd p6vo tcov {6rnrv trov pa(civ.
Tc ol,orllpoxrrd rwrlpcro 6ev lpeid(owov t6oo qv 6l),etyq 6opriq tqq pc(rr{g rowcovio,q,, 6oo tr1v fucp(q rrov er6rr(6v ouvOqrriv aou 6qproupyofv pra e(ctol"itreupdvl p6(a. To pMmr rcveig aut6 zrol,0 rold, cv ouyrpiver ro vc(top6 Kot rov pzrol,oeprrrop6, rou, otrq, u,vtiorotxee xcbpeq,rouq, pvuiOqrcv rdror ar6 rol,r5 6loqopeor6q,ouv0rixeq. Iro vc percpoperiroer fllv szovoorcrrr{ 6trtoropia rou A6,vw oe an6X,uto oX,orl,qproox6 ro,Oeorrbq, o Erdl,w ufiolped)Oqxe nprirra va 6qproupytioer telvqtd cutri tr1v popurri rowcov[c, fiou or rotoprrdq, ouv0rixeq e{1ov npoetorpdoer oq Ieppcv{o yrc rouq vc(i. H errlq roxd ef ro),q v{q q q Oltorppuv{ q Ercvdotooq g oI peuir0qxe oE l.rro Xc[pa, 6nou pro 6eonoox( Kol owKewpororri ypagetoKparia rupepvofoe ptc dpopel pd(c l,co0. Ofte ta anopervdprc triq geou6cpficq otqv fror0po, o6re t elippuox{ xo,rnttrl,totuq rd(q ooq n6lsrq 6ev eilov xctop0r6oervc opycvrboouv cutri q pd(o. O A6vlv 6ril,oloe rorq,, or rcvdvc tov Pep ro,r tov Eldl1ep. Ol rp<6teq,6ro*ptwpctefoerg dyrvov pe tqv d6ero tou Xitlep, nou lp,lotporo{1oe Trq, o16oerq, tou Pep pe tr1 Pdrlopap po vc leyeldoer roDq, orpott(,flxo$q, x6rlouq, oletrrd pe aq rpo0€oerq, tou. Tov Arp{X,ro tou 1932, o Pep edre, ocv pdptupcq, oe pr.c 6{rq rou yw6tcv evdwtc otov X{t}cp, 6n to otpctrortrr6 rn0eotr6q tov Eg-A rltov on6luta ano6exr6 alt'tq Pdrlopsp. fldrc oto 6rypoqo oletrrd pe to o166ro Pep-EI6rX,ep, 9L. Nazi Coaspiracy,Y,E€X.456. BI. elt{oqq,Heiden, o.z. oel.450. O{6rcqoPep cvo06per0plcppeucxd trg 6rcnpcTpcte$oerq, touq, petov El,6r1,ep, nou, odpg
l"rur (
Pdrl ritov
I
52
To oAoKAHPorrKo EYETHMA
pdpoq tou r6opou, 6ev 0c 'tov t6oo e6rol,o vc ratoludper raveiq, tqv e(ouo{c rcr 16oo 66oro},o vc rq 6lcolptloer: 'Epl,src 6p pdvo rr1 c6uvopio tnq, proorr{q eplctrxriq tdEqq, al}'d Ko,r tov avoplrr6 lapaxcipc ro)v Kot-
petopoMq.
O A6vw p(ropcq Kcl ev6ev e{1e ro 6votrrto, ev6q pc(rrof ly6tq: Aev ritov ral6q voodoe cn6l,uto vo ovayvopi(el rcl vc cvcl6er tc 1,60q tou oto rorv6, npd11to avtiOeto zpoq,touq nrc otorl,eub6eiq, xcv6veq trlq 6qpcyoryiaq. Al"X,d pr6peoe cp6o
vovrrrirv ouv0qxcbv Tevrrd, * ou euvootlocv
trq, Eaevtrdq
MIA KOINONIA XOPIZ
TAEEIE
53
rooq rnq tcilpaq. Aurri Tl rri(q {tav q TpoegloKpcric, nou, o6prprova pE rouq, ooorolurot6q rprcro6q tqq ezrcvdoraoqq,, <<ei1e opfid(fl to Kpdroq gcv croprn( rqq, r6rortrloia>>n (McpQ. Tq ottypti rou Ocvdtou tou Advw, rcv6vo,q6p6pog 6ev ritov xLeiopdvog. Aev {tav cvc,r6qeuxto, o 6lrl}tcrlop6q tqq epycrrmiq, rnq, aTpotrKrlq rol qq peociaq td(nq, vc o6qy{oer otqv rd)',q tcov td(eov nou etle lopoxtlpioer tov eupronctr6 xczrtalurop6. H yeolpl{o pnopo6oe ar6pc vo ovortulOei oe pta pdoq ro},},ertrptotrr{, ouvrrcrploorr{ r{ r6rnxlxrl, ro,r q e0vrrr{ orrovopio 6peve ele00epq vo ol(oIou0r{oei to zp6ono rou oooro,Iropo6, rou rpctrxof ronrto}*opo0 { tnq el'e00emq emleipnonq. Kapld ozr' autdq, rtq enfvoydq 6ev 0c xcr6orpege curopdtorq,
tq v6c 6opri qq x6paq.
'Ol,eg our6q or vdeq, r&1erc, xcr e0v6tqteq,6pvav epn66to Ttc tov Etti)',rv, 6tav dplroe vc etoUr,d(er tq lrbpa Yto ro o)"oxlunproor6 raOeotcbq,. @6lovroq,vo ro,rcoreud,oer Elo ottoloyevri xat dpop
ra e0vlx
Katti to
1930,
ta rel,euraic
i1,vq tcov noluuirv xowottrcbv 0e-
, Eivor yrcot6 6o ot cwrotcl,rvrrdg opdDeq otrlpr[ov trlv rprar{ touq, nd'rno o' out{ tr1 pcp(rooxi enrlerprlpotoXoy{a xcr 6ev tqv (en6poocv not6. Ol ouvexeiq, <<errc,0cpioarq,> qq, oopretrxrlq, ypogerorpodoq,, nou xotdl,l(cv otqv e(agdvro{ qq, ocv rri[,1, 6ev rouq epr66r27
ocv not6, vo tn Bldrouv ocv
tlv
6xove o Pox6qoxr, ypdgovtoq,
dplouoc rdEl qq Eopuor{q,'Evt)onq,. Nc q exr{pr1or1 rou
to
1930
an'tI orglprxi
e(opio
tol:
<
on'tc pdco poq,,
6nploupt{0nre rcr olqpcri(etor ox6pr1 prc eupefu td(n uraX,Itlrrlv, nou dx,er t1v eoroteprrrl qq, upap1{o xor ovont6ooetar lr.c rouq, dpeoouq, rl dp.Feooug 6roptopofq... To otorX,e{o tou ev
54
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYETHMA
op6v eir(ov e[oeovrotei, xtivovto,q, t6zo otlv xoppctrxri ypcgetorpatio: Autri rirav dvrovc owKewpourri rcl ot tdoerq, rrlg Yto prooonoiloq 6ev ritcv rc06)uou 8rorpopetlr6q czr6 reiveq, tou rocptKo6 xo0eorrbtoq,, p6vo rou or v6or ypcqerorpdteq 6ev rpop6vtouoov ,tlc prc xdnora, ernoi6euol. To proluoeprrrx6 rc0eot<6q ndpcoe t6re otqv exxc0tipron tcov rd(e
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE TAEEIE
55
dlav ap66coq arro(ev
29.
Ta ororleic e(vor ncppdvo clt' to prpl,io tou Victor Kravchenko, / Ciose Freedom: The life of a Soviet Official, N6o Y6prq, 1946, oel.. 278 ror 303. Aev eivcr
Personal and Political
p6poro pro noX,6 c(r6nrotq rqTrl. Al,)Ld otrlv nepintrrroq qq, oopretrrriq Prooiaq,6ev pnopofpe vo otqprlro6pe, ncpd oe aprpropltriorpeg rqydq,, 6qX,o5{ npdnet vo pcorotofpe cn6},uro oro ql,eypog{potc trov ei6loeoypcrprrcirv npoxtopeiov, o' ertrp{oerq { 6rdgopeq ovorpop6q,. Aut6 nou pnopo0pe, l,orr6v, vo xrivoupe eivot vo Ipqorlrofio[iooupe rdoe r]ulporpopio nou pord(et vc 61er nol,X"6q, nr0ov6r1req vo eivor al,I0lri. Meprxoi rotoprroi nrote6ouv 6tr e{vcr nro oiyoupl q ovd0etrl pd0o6oq, 6q),o6ri q crorlerotrri fp{on eyypriqrov nou 6ivovror on'tr1 pcoorx{ xupdpvloq, cl)"ri aut6 6eveivor o},ri0era. Tc erioqpo drypcrpo eivcr ereivo rrou crrora-
l.odv ordrq rponoydv6c.
56
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYETHMA
rouqepydrsq.Eiye n aurri e(oporoOei pe ro repdotto r)'{0oq rorv xata6(Kcov Kol rl npovoprcrri tr1q, tc(rr{ 06on cvrixe oro nope},06v. Kl aeo0 autri 11 erraOdproq reppcriorqKe lre tqv e(6vtrool r
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE
TAEEIE
57
1933 6tnvav olo0qt6q o'6Iq ttl ltilpc e*{noLL6, Xp6wc. H etoaycoyli rou orc1ovoprrod ouooipctoq,to 1935, pt ?nv au0aipeul enrrdluvon qq atoprr(q ropcTcoTrlq, Kat fllv nl{pn rcplgp6vlon rpoq, flq avdyreq rqg ouX,IoIrriq epyco{cq,e{ye ocv crot6}eopo pla <1ac66q ovloopponic>> tqq veop{q prcpl1ttvittq3l. T6Ioq, q srrcOdpron ?qq ypagflorpc,rtc,q,, 6rll,c6ri tqq td(ng torv 6rsu0uvtcbv rcr tcrv prllovtxrirv epyootc-
relvrlro6lrpo6 to
oirov, ordpqor flq, 0ropqlcvlr6q entlerprioerg czt6 tq l,ryootri epnepic rar telvoyvrooio ,rou e{Iov prop6oa vo c*orrrloouv or v6ot Ptboot telvtroi. H ro6tqto ouv0nxrbv ovdpeoc otouq, urlr6ouq, eivct pta cn6 rtq, paolr6q,
qpowi6eg rcov rupcwriv an6 tqv cplcic enoyfi, ol"ld q ol,or)',lpotor{ e(ouo{c 6ev cpreitcr oE plo t6tora toozr66ooq, ytad orp{va vo uzrdplouv ovdpeoc 6rouq, unlr6ouq xdtouq rorvotrrdq, o16oaq,, pq zo?rrnr6q,, 6rcoq, or orKoyevercroi 6eopoi Kot rc rotvd nol,rtrourd ev8roqdpovta. Av o oluorllpcooop6q no{pva otc oo0apd og i6uq ?ou flq, cncrtrloerq,, dpXetct 11 otrypri nou urirOer tqv ovdyrl <
tou
cp6oetn33.
H pcr(txri cllqlocnoBdrcoq tqq oopuarrlg xotwrv{cq rctop0r60r1re pe tr1v
czotelsopotrrrl
lptq
eac'rmlqppdvorv erra0cp{oeorv, tou yivowov
31. Kravchenko, o.r., oel,. 187. 32. Souvarine, o.r., oel. 575. 33. To odvOrlpc torv Eq,-Eg 6rorg ergpdotnKe ofi' tov {6ro tov X{p}ap o'py{,a pe oq M(erq,:
58
To oAoKAHPorIKo EYETHMA
n&vra nprv on6 rqv oproflKri e(6wrooq trov opd6rov. Irc vo rutcotpu'go0v 6)uor or rorvcovrxoi Kor orKoYaveuroi 6eopoi, or exroocpioerq, dyrvcv 6tor, r6ote vc cretl,eitcr pe
rlv i6la t6p
o KarrlYopo0pevoq
ral
6lo1 6oot
eilcv
o16oq po(i rou, cn6 touq, cnlo6g Wcbprpouq p6lpl touq qil,oug t(ot touq orevofq, otryyeveiq. To azrot6)"eopa cutriq qq oztlriq rol tovqp{q tartrxriq
qq,
34. H
In
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE
TAEEIE
59
6ql,c6ri, cr6 tqv opTdwrlol qq ldlpag zou rdvouv 6tcv 61ouv tqv rpaYporrrrl e(ouotc rar ope{lstcr ofll qrlo6oBia trov r6eolayufiv touq,vo outl,reptldpouv orqv opydwrrori touq,, p6oc o' 6vc opropdvo 1pour6 6r6orllra, olu6-
Erei, 6pcoq,, 6nou n olor)"lprottxrl rupupdc 6ev 61er ftpoerourcote{ an6 6vc o}"or}"qpoor6 Kivrlpo (r6tora ritav q nep{rr
rlqpo ro
cvOpcbnrvo ydvoq.
ovriro(ri tou, tlott vo y{vel eqrxtri 1 o?uox}"lpcottxri vo}upogpoo6w| Vulol,oytrri 0doq qq o)"orl,qp
r6ppc. H cn6lwq vopuroepoofvn 6ev eivo,r 6uvotrl, nap6.6tov q zriotl 6let <
<
r6eo}'oylrd 06pata nou
61,ouv otdrvta oqpo,oio,>>,
aaoreX,odv epzr66to Ttc tov o)"orluqporrrop6. 'Otcv o X{t}uep opydvrooe oryd oryd to vc(rotrr6 rivqpc, pe to oKotEwd ror ovlo6ppono oteMr(q ev6g ptrpo6 rcr tuzrrxd eOurrocrod rMpctoq, ro rct6p0ropd tou rltov 6o czdl,l,o(e ro x{vrurc cr6 to apr(rx6 ap6ypappo tou x6ppotoq, fopiq vc to cnapvq0e{ efiiol}rc rcr 26ropig vc to cvrlKotoooloeq cIId an},riq cpvo6Irevoq va pr^I,{oer yl' out6 ri va ou(qtrioEl ro, oqpe{a ereivc zrou q petprozd0erd roug, Kar Tl epaoso?,,oy{c touq,eil,cv YptiYopo (enepaote{35. An' outti tnv nleupd, 6zcoq, rr o16 rol,Mq, &L)'rug,l 6ouX,ed tou Etdhv Cpolc(e vo 35. O
X{tlap 6rilore aro Mein Kanpf, (2 t6por, np<Sq Tep}rovlxri dx6ooq,
ryer
tq
1925 xot. 1927
rcve{q 6vo (erepaop6vo tpdypcl"lpc, on' to vc emtp6ouL{tnorl ev6q npoypdppotoq (Brpl{o II, raq. Y). fe }"iyo 6ilrrloe 6qp6ora: <M6hq
ow{otorlc) 6rr e(vcr rcldtepo vc
6Xer
TO OAOKAHPQTIKO EYETHMA
eivar nol,ti mo 66oxol,q. To oooro,),roux6 np6ypopt"to rou pnoluoeprrrro6 r6ppatoq ritu,v 6vc nol0 nro 0op0 <poptio'6, afi6 rc 25 oqpe{a ev6q rpoorr626,vr1 orxovopo)"6you xa,r cvto6pponou nol,rtrro637. 'Oporq, aeof rot6otpeve trq 6uiqopeq opd6eq rou poolKo6 r6ppcroq, o Etdl,rv n6ru1e rel,rxti ro i6ro onot6Xeopa, c?'?u6(ovrcq r60e t6oo rcrd goril,nol fll ypoppli rou r(ol"rlrouvrotrrof r6ppcroq ro,r, enioqg, efioveppqvedovrcq, Kol reopp6(ovrcq enrlextrxd, tov t"lcp(lot"l6 tl' 6vav tp6xo aou d6ero(e tq 0eropic an6 xdOe nepul6pevo, d)orou relurxd ravdvcq 6ev U,nopotloe va zpopMryer rqv rcte60uvoq ri to ei6oq 6pdoqq, nou 0c ev6nvee. Ax6pc K1q ?no zrlipnq Tv6oq rou pap€,ropod rcr tou ),,euuopof 6ev lploipsue ra06l,ou ocv rolurtlx6q o6r1y6q. Avti0eto, 6ev pnopo6oe roveiq v" axolouOrloer rrl ypoppri tou K6ppatog,, napd ezava),op0dvovroq, to npoi exeivo nou ei1,e ovayyei)uel o Erdl,w ro pp66u rqq, rapopovriq. Ouorr6 cnordl,eopa rltav q i6tc
nveupctrxrt rcrdotcol, n i6rc oupncn(q rcr c6rrippolq uraro{ ,rou o?rorro6oe cn6 ra Eq-ES to t6roqudq, ofvOqpa tou Xip,ep:
voplpoepoofrrq pou>3t.
H 6l,l,erUfil { replgp6vqorl rou npoypripparoq ev6q x6ppatoq 6ev eivct cvcyrcic 6v6el(n ol,ortrqpcooopod. O npcirtoq nou Oerirpnoe to rpoypdpl.rorc Kcr ro Koro,oro,trrd ocv dlpqotc roupeX,6lcprc Kol evol)urloxdq unoo16oe4, zou epn66(av to orulu Kor rlv oppri ev6q rru(prltoq {tcv o Mouooliw, trs rI eoorotrr{ gil,ooop{a rou tou orttptopo6 xar rlq,6pzrvsurdpoupe qv e(,ouoic, to rp6lpappo 0c 6p0ar cn6 p6vo tou (...) Xpetd(etct nprito dvo tpopep6 r6po rponcydv6cg,. E{vcr prc nolrtrrri 6pdor1 rou 6ev 6ter peTfl,I o16o11 pe t' dl,Ic rpopl,ripora t1q, otrlprlq,>. (B1,. Heiden, o.n. oel. Z)3). 36. O Souvarine, d6rrc xord t1 yvrbpq pog, unootlpi(er 6rt o A6vrv eile i6n rctcffioer to p6l,o tou roppctrrof npoypdppctoq,: <Tinorc 6ev pnoporioe vo deiEer nto ro0opd fllv cwrop(ia tou ptoloeprxropot5 ocv 0e
ro rivlpc.
38. To v61pc outof tou ouv0ripotoq *ou eirw6qoe o Xiplep eivor 66oro)"o v'ano6o0ei. H yeppovtrt rou 6ro,tfnrool: <MEINE EHRE HEISST TRELJE) 6eilver pro or6lutrl cgooftrrorl rcr unotoyrl nou (,erepvder tqv onl,{ rer0op1,ia ri tqv zrpoororrxrl zioq. Ol percgpdoetq, tcov
leppcvrrcbv vtoxoupdvt{ov, aro Nazi Conspiracy, e{vcr pu orcpcitqtn rITr1, cll,6 6uotulriq eivar ro16 d,uoeq,. To o6v0qpa tcov Eq-Eq anodiSetar:
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE
TAEEIE
61
oqq, fioD rqyd$l 0rt6 oe ouv6uoop6 pe qv
rnv i6rc tqv rotoptr{ otrypf3e. H 6iya tr1q,e(ouoiaq,, replep6vnol rd0e <
39. O Mouool,ivr rircv, nt0cv6v, o npciroq, rou on6pprrye ouver64rri 6vo oulrerprpdvo rp6ypappa Kor ro ovrrKor6ot4oe or'trq, ap16q, tou oplqyof Kor rlq 6pdo1q,. fliotrr cz'autr( trlv amX,oyri uniple q r6iu, 6tr q opeo6tqrc tqq, otrlpriq,, poorr6 otorl,eio rrlg Cpnveuoqg, 6ev pnopo$oe ropd vo epzo6rote{ olt6 6vc roppctrx6 np6lpappo. O rpoypctrop6q, tou T(evdle eE6epooe t1 rprlooogio tou rrcl,rrof gaoropo6 xol,drepc orr'rouq
62
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYXTHMA
A6o1gar. 'Olrcoq, our{ n r66c e{1e n&vru tr1v rpotin60eo4 6tt oro zrrl6dl,to pp{oxetcr rdrotoq, rou ertpdllsr tq ordryq rou Kcl tn 06lqo{ Tou oE lrut op66c nou 6ev 61el ordryq xor 061,qo4, pe qv rer0r6, ro r6poq rl q gia. O X{t}ep, 6porq, n{oteue rorq,<o. E[aqdvr(e, l,orr6v, or6pa xcr 0mrpqtrKd, rrl Dtdrproq ovdpeoc oe orCryq xct 6pdorl, roOrbq Km fll 6tdrploq cvdpeoc oe rupepvrilvreq Kcl xupepvcopdvouq. Ofte o e0vrrooooro,)urop6q,, o6te o pnoloeprrrop6qSurripulav nod, 6rr, eilcv eyrctaotrioer 6vc v6o rc0eorriq,, o6te 6rilrrlocv 6u ot o,vtrrerpevlroi orono{touq,ei1,ov earteul0ei pe t1v ratd}iqryrl tqq e(ouoiaq rcr tov 6}cy1o tou Kpdtouq. H t66a rou e{Xcv ylo trlv ruptapX{c 6ev pnopodoe vo ulororq0e{ ofre az6 6vc Kpdtoq, o0te cz6 6vtrv cnM pq1cuop6 p{cq, cIId p6vo oz6 dvc r{vqpc oe adrdxonq r{vr1oq, 6ql,a6rl pe tq p6vtpq ruprcpflc rrdvco oe 6l"c rc dtopa Kcr oE 6l^eg tq ogcipeq qq 6o{q rouq4. H rcrdlqyrl rqg e(ouofag pe q 0{a 6w efvcr ftot6 cutotetrrlq oxon6q, cIId p6vo to p6oo Ttc 6vc oror6 Kol, os onorc6rlaote,X6pa, q xardl,qyq rqq e(ouoicq 6ev ororele{ zrapd 6vo petcpcor6 rar roM6elto otd6ro, cXJd not6 to tdppc tou rwripotoq. O rpcrtrx6q, cvnxapevtx6q oron6g tou rrvrlpatoq s{vcr va mptldpa 6oo to 6uvat6v reproo6cpouq cv0prbrouq p6oc otqv opydrco{ rou, vo rouq 06oer Kcl vc touq 6urtqprloer os r{vqoq. 'Ooo yra rov zrolrur6 ovnretpevrr6 oron6 zou 0c azotelofoe teppo,trop6 rou "ov xrvripcrtoq, e{vot arlo6ororc cvrlzcprtoq,.
frc rp<6tq qopd otov lldvntri tou flldrovc, 305, n 6pdo1 eppqvefetor pe touq, 6poug d,pTer ror, xpdrrer 6nf,c6r1 Fe tn 6raroTrl vc fve;r pu n pdEI Kar ps fllv extdleol aurrlq 41.
tr1q
A.
6utcplq,.
-
Hitlers Ti*hgespriiche, oel,. 198. 43. Mein Kampf,prplulo zpdrto, reg. XI. Bl". er{oqq r.1. Dieter Schwarz, Angriffe auf die natioaalsozialistische Weltanschawng, Aus dem Schwarzen Korps, No 2, 1936, rou cncwdel oolv euv6dtl topctripqol, 6tr or vc(( ouvdpocv va p*6w yra <
rpclpotororodwcr
xcOqpeprvd>.
63
MIA KOINONIA XQPIE TAEEIE
2. H TrpoCIoprv1 outltluliu avdpeoo orov 6fuo ror
qv
eX,it
H 2gropiq 6pouq vop,lpoepoo6vq tcov ote)'elrirv rar n 61u,ottr6trlttr tcov ol,oxlurlpcotrxcirv xrvqLr,drrov eivcr rdfl auloDl,Tlrtr6 7u TT1v nveupcflr{ pcq, lpepic. IIoI6 neptoo6tepo avnour(TltlKri, 6p
tqv olo0qoraxri olp6rntc ror ex6txlor6rqrc tou Etdl,rv. Ar' o,utri tqv dzoyl, q xotdotcoq rqg Euprirlq petd to Aeftepo flayr6opto fl6l,epo 6ev eivcr ouorconrd 6ueopeort aE6 reiwl nou ritov petd
64
To oAoKAHPorIKo EYETHMA
tov n poqyo6pevo r6l,epo. Etr1 6excetic tou '20 6rotunc60lrcv ot r6eo)'oyfuq rou eoorou,o6, tou pnoloeprrropod ror tou vc(topo6 ru,r tc rtuipata lrou 6rq60uve rl Isy6peq levtd tou petcbnou, or dv0proror nou ei1,av cvatpcqei zpw ar6 tov n6Xepo rat 0up6vrouoov xcOcpd ereivq tqv enolti. 'Etot rcr oripepc, to yevtr6 rolttrr6 Kct n\leulrcttr6 r)'ipc rc0opi(srct azr6 prc yswd nou yv
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE TAEEIE
65
aoedl,eloq,>, oIId Kol ro piooq, ,rou touq eils rpnvr6ofl aw{ n ooedl,ero, rov ,rpo,yl.rotrr6 ev0ouolcop6 touq,6tov E6orraoe o flpcilroq, flayr6oproq fl6l"epoq. O Xitl,ep Kcl or cnorugpdvor 6ev {rov ot p6vor nou eulapiorqoov to @e6 yovacoroi, 6tov q ernotpdreuoq oriporoe qv Eupcbnrl ro 1914a/. Aev ei1,cv rcv l,6youq va Karrlyoprioouv rov ecut6 touq, 6tt 6neoo,v e6xolrl leic tr1q ocopruotrrriqnpoxo'y&v6cq rl rorv yedcrrov 6rxcrol,oyuirv yto tov u,puvcr6 1oparrripa rou noXipou. H elit 6qrye Tra to pdrcoro pe rq pe0uotrr{ el,zi6c 6tr 6},4 6oc {Eepe, q roulro6po,, o tp6roq (o:riq, 0a 1cv6vtouoo,v, iocoq,, p6oc otrq, <
an6 tqv ootrx{
44. BX,.
6eol,ofo rcr 10rr{. Eivcl
cX,{Oerc
6tr q
<
tou petr6-
t1v ovt{6pooq tou XitLep 6tov Edotcoe o flp
lpdqetcr ato Mein Kampf,pflio I, xeg. V.
BI. trlv ovOoloy{c woroupdvtrov ndwr oro <<eocoteprr6 lpovrx6 tou flptitou flcyx6oprou floMpou> ofi'fllv Hanna Hafkensbrink, l,Intnowzt Germany, New Haven, 1948, aeL.43,45, El. H peydlq o[ic aut{€, t1q, cv0oloTicq, yla flq, Iertopdpeuq tqq, rotoprx{q, otp6oqctpaq, xriver ar6pq no luzlpri qv 6ll,etvq ovdloycov peletcbv oleord pe t1 lcl,l"{c, trlv Ayyl,{a
45.
rcr t1v Itol,ia. 46. Ero i6ro oel.,
20-21.
66
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYETHMA
,rou)), cvd0erc.rEpoq, rouq, ,rveupdflKofq tqq qy6teq,, rltcv ca6lutc aroppoanFdvrl cr6 u1v efir0upic fllq,va 6er vo rctcpp6et 6),oq aut6q o r6opoq
qq yedorqq oogdleurg, fllC yeforqq roul,todpoq,, tqq, yeUorlg (o{q. Autri q emOupic ritcv t6oo Eeyd)'rl clote Eezepvofoe, oe cvtrllqoq Kor ot ra0cp6tqtc, 6lueq tlq ral"dtepeg cn6rerp8q, EoD onooxonofocv o' 6vo (psraol,Ipattop6 rrov c(ubu (an6rcWa tou N{toe), ce pta, cvc8topydvcocI qq nol,rox(q (
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE TAEEIE
67
Kol eovtKri oD0apeoio rou, o r6lepoq, 67we to orlppolo tou Oo,vdtou, o
-
orrl Poup.
51. Haftesbrink,
o.r., oel.
156, 157.
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYETHMA
68
roD ptooftoldpou, ritcv zo]u6 ?rro oqpovtrx6 vc av{rer raveiq, oq yeud rctv lopoKolpdtorv, d.aye'ca cr6 nou trepr6, fiapd va eivcl leppcv6q { Idlloq52. Ot vc(i otriprBcv 6II tqv zpozcTdv6a touq, o'cut{ tq lrop{q 6rcrpioe4, ouvrpogrrdfllro, o' cur{v u1v <
eilcv yiver rc e0vrrrotrrd ouv0rlpctc, cgof cr6pc rat ooq, td[erqulq <<6e(ldq> tc lplourorolo0ocv neproo6repoTto ?n p{ctu1 ouvOqpctol,oyic rouq,, rcpd nc ro ouTKgKprpdvo e0ux6 touq aepul6pevo. Kcv6vo cz6 ta otorleia autof tou 6ravoltrro6 rl,ipctoq 6evritcv *o1,6 v6o. O Mroro$vw eile rr6lcq opoX,oyrioer: <
l'
imperialisme: Ernat Set'I[Cre, 1913.
69
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE TAEEIE
ritav q l,oyotelvrrri touq, a({c Kcl ro 9d0oq tou nd0oug touq. Or petanoleprroi otryypcqeiq 6ev e{1trv mc cvdyrq cr6 trq,EntotqpovtKdq cro6ei(etg qq, TeveflKiq, rct 6ev cvcqdpovtav, { cvag6powov oadvtc, oto, dzcvtc rou lropnw6 ri tou Xro6otov Eoofcpt Todprcplev, rou ov{rcv ri6q otqv rveupcttxri orxoy6verc trov Otltotcirrrv. Aev 6ldpc(ov Acpp{vo, alld tov pcpxrioro we Ecvrs. Ax6pc xt cv uro06ooul.te troq, zioteucv oe rcyr6oproug v6pouq, eivcr 060cro ,tcrq, 6ev drcvav xcprd npoordOerc vc ,Epoocppootoriv o'outo0q,. Katd rq 6rrri touq cvtillryq, q Fia, n 66vopq, q orl"qp6tqto, ritcv to npoo6vtc rcrv av0prbrrov tou e{1,cv ldoet oprooxd tq 06o11 rouq, orov r6opo rcr {tov ro16 zepriqcvo6 r6ote va avc(qtrioouv pra 0eorp{a qg e(ouo{cq yta va rouq, erovoe6pel pe cogdl,eu Kct vc touq, ertc\revoropctcboei otov r6opo. Touq cpro6oe vc eivcr tugloi 0uo6teq xdOe *A&yparcqroou q c(loo6pcofll Kolovic eile cncyopefoa, Xopiq vc rortd(ouv ttq 0eaDieq, ( to repux6p6vo Kor ovo6eirwav q orllp6tqto oe rpotcrpprri apsr{, eret6t epx6tcv oe cwi0eon pe qv cvOpronrcnx{ ral gil,ek60epq urorpro{a ulq rorv
FoIIlc, cn'to
1930, o pcprcloroq, we
Eow 6yrw
6vae,
cn' rou€, cyorlp"dvoug ou?ypa-
qek cng Xoyoclvrmlq, np
tr1q, pdpog
to zro em0enr6 rdwoq
-
6w otpdqetcr
oMrllprl oto ltopel06v xcr
rcOop(etcr cn'- tov Edw...>. Bl. er{o1g Gcorges Bataille, 'Le
Critique, t6Eoq
III, No
15-16,
l7,lW.
secret de Sade',
oto La
7O
ro oAoKAHporrKo
EyETHMA
po66r ,rlc vc touq yl,urciroer o,z16 qv 6rapr
H avrrav6tqtc aupiq orov cn6pcvto r6opo, to aio&1pa tqq rol,Icrlr,{q zcyi6euoqq cr6 tqv xorvcovio, rltcv apdypcta ro16 6rarpopeflxd crE6 oq, ouv0{xeq *ou eilav 6tapopgcboer rov Urfisprc},rotrr6 lcpcrtripo rar np6o0etcv prc p6vlpq 6wcoq Kol ptc enrOupic p{cq oto zcl,r6 rd0oq tqq cv
ouwpurtrrof nenporp6vou... EnurMov, o crcptop6q dporcft vc 6i
n v6eq cncvtrioerq oto nclr6 rar eipcr;> eprilulpc ,trou, or nepto6o rpior1q,, d0etcr ndwo pe 6rrldora empovrl. Av or rorvrovic ulrootripr(e <<Eioar cutd lrou gciveoct vo E{oou>, o axtrprop6q, crovtofoe ((Eioor out6 nou dxo,veq,>> l,6you 1dpq, o dv0pronoq rou n6paoe rp<6roq, tov Atlcvtrr6 pe ceponl,d-
evollltrr6
-
ep<6qpo:
<
vo (oto
Mrpelt). Merd to Aeftepo flayx6-
opro fl6X^epo, o Ecptp rporozo{qoe elaqpd outrl uqv cndwqoq: <
npooronrr{q tcut6r1tcq,, o116 oto yeyov6q 6:o, enwp*nouv, oE te}Euro{a cvdX"uo4, vc (egrlyer rave{q an6 tqv cvdyrq rorvrourrlq,cvcyvriprolq, cn6 tqv noll,cnl6altc torv eval,ld$pcov p6lov rcr leitoupyrbv nou enlpdlla q rowrov{c. To oqpcwrx6 rltov vc ,rpoylrcrorEouioer xcrreiq rdrr to lpcorr6 { to eyrl,1po,or6, rdtt nou vc e{vct crp6pl^enro Kor vc pqv 61el rcOoprotei an6 ozorov6rlnore dl,l,o. O 6wovog crttprop6q t
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE
TAEEIE
7I
vo Trpoflporiv rrlv rpolroKpada ofi6 Kd0s ri],],n poprpri ro]uror{q 6paotrlpl6r1rcq,, eile tqv r6l6rqrc vc rpooeX,xfer Kor rqv nveupaorri eluir xo,r tov 6ll,o, arprp
vo,
1938.
72
To oAoK HporrKo EyurHMA
yolteu6rov o,n6 rlv (cKr1vo06l,o 66vapr1 tqq 66(cq> (Er6gov Topdrt) Kor Trou 6e16rcv p'ev0ouoroop6 q l,ctpeia qq peyaluo
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE
TAEEIE
73
Kord p6yo pdpoq, oqv a)'Iew{ rulapiornoq pt rrlv onoic q rpcilrq roparqpo0oe ro 6e6cpo vo rarcotpdger rlq oepriopuq a(isq. To cnor6l,eopc aur6 enrruylcv6rcv 6tcv or pepotdveq qq lol,upoupyicg cvcyxd(ovtcvvc 6rcnpaypcreu0o6v pe tov XirX,sp Kol vc rov rcl,ofv otc onitrc touq,, nap6l,o nou 6ev ritcv ncpd 6voq eX,arolpcopctrot{q ru,r, rotd tlv i6lc rou rqv o}ro)uoyic, 6va rpciqv rowolvrr6 vcudyro. Enrruylcv6tov pe 6Ic ta nporr6yovc xor 1u6oic rapopope(Dcrd telvdopctc Trou eedppo(av tc oluoxlqpcoord xlvr{pctc o' 6louq toug tope{q rqq, fiveul.rortx{q (ro{q, oto p6tpo nou cutd
ro KorooKeudoparc ouyrd,vtporvov 6X,a ro lopl),6repo, FI o(rooCpootc otorleic rqg eupcoratrr[q roropicq,, Tro vc touq 6riroouv prc err6vc pe rrinoro ouvo1,ri. An' autri tqv nlcupri, ritcv pdll,ov eul,dproro vo pLCner rcveiq, tov pzoloeprrrop6 rcr ro vc(rop6 v' cpf(ouv vc ratcpyofv trq rqy6q tqq i6raq rouq qq r6eoloyioq, nou et1,av rdrorc ertipqol avdpeoc orouq erioq pouq r$xl,ouq,,,rcvenrofll ploxof q ri dll,ouq. Exeivor aou E ovdypceav r1v Iotop{o avc(ritqoov dpnveuoq, 6p orov 6raleror6 ulrop6 rou Mop(, alki oq ouvcopoo{o t
qrirv tqq Eubv>>. 'Op otq yvootri erlppori tqq Ka0o),rr{q Exxlloiaq, rar oto p6lo rou 6zcr(e o cvoxl,qprrcl"rop6q otrq X,ctrvrr6qB(tpeg, cIId orqv ncpdvopq X,oyorelvia oletrrd lre ?ouq, Iqoou{req Kcr rouq, poo6vouq. Eror6q autcbv tcov 6rdqopov Kor petapalul'6pevrov, dl,loote, crvo,rldoecov rirq,v zdvto, vo Kcrcyyel,0e{ n eaionpq Ioropic ocv qdpoc, vc azrorclu
pu oqcripc puotrrdrv enrppo<6v, oe o16oq pe trq oroieq q opcrrl roroprrri rpcypotrx6tlrc, enrpepaubourn xar wroooi, 6Ev cnorel,ofoe zopd pra
rp6ooyq, eoxeppd,vc oqpdvrl yrc vo ncpanlavl0ei o l,o6q. E' cutrl rqv crn610eu rlq, rveupottr{q el,it yro rrlv ezfu1pr1 roroprqypoqio, otqv reroi0qori tqq 6tt q Iotopio, nou ozcoo6tirote ritav nlaotoypcgltr6vr| propofos lopig (qpd vcr eyrctcl,ergOei otrg go,wcouiroerg, trov <
74
To oAoKAHporrKo EyETHMA
ro 'ieyov6q 6tl rltov rrcvoi vc opycvcbvouv flq, p&leqaepu oul,loylrri ow6flltc, ,EoD uroocip(e tc rydpctd rouq, pE ewunororcrri peTc),onpdneu. A-
zld
rlcupriq, 6lrorc(cv va zcipvouv u1 rcroprrriq 6lrc{oor1q, rc0c6q, ol6r},t1pq q (olvtavli ropeic rrov rrwlpdt(ov ro uzrootrlpr(e rr 6potc(e vc avtlei cr' outd tqv avoyxc{c dpnveuoq yro 6prio1. H 6t Eq nou coxo0v tc ol,oxl,qporord xrvripctc otlv el,{t, 6oo 6ev 6,1ouv xcrcl,dpa tr1v e(ouoic, o,notelc{ mqTrl aropicq,, lncd tc otryxerprp6va 66ypctc rou ol,orl,qp
ogpcfl6c
tr1q
59. To raipevo tou Pep
rou arolou0ei, lcportqpi(er to ouvo(o0qpo oxe66v 6lqq, qq v6oq
75
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE TAEEIE
H
cotlr{ tdEl rolupl(6tcv
ncog
ritcv
o
eyyurlt{q
rcov
6uttrriv aapa66oe-
olv, evc(l ouordc(e 6l,c tc q&rd rpoplripatc rpopdltrowcq 6lp6olc pw oerpd cpercirv nou 6p p6vo 6ev xac(1e oulv t6rotrrri rcr epzoprnl &Drl, alld xcr noD orrlv nptryparrr6fllto ,rcpqpovo$oe. 'Etol, 0erop{01re ercvcotctrr{ q zcpc6olrl tqq orl,qp6rqrcq,, tqq mpqp6vloqg rorv cv0pcbzrvrov c(ubv rar 1 npvlrri 6lleiUrq q0rr6tqtcq: Aut6 propo6oe touldpotov vc r(orco?p6ryer tq 8rzrpooroaeic orrlv olroic 6t"lota(e Vo otqpi(etor q undp X,oDoa rorvcovfc. 'Htcv peyd]"oq, o nflpaop6q va enr6eirvfer rcveig crpcieq 06oerq p6oc oto 0o1,6 nlcioto praq 6tzrp6oomlq 10rr{q, vc qopdet 61p6orc tq pdoro qq orlqp6fllro€, 6tav dloq o r6opog rltov govepd e7orotrx6q,, evri urorprv6rcv tov rcloouvdto, vc 6e{6ler rcria o'6vov r6opo 61r rox6 cl"ld prrp6yulo. .A.yvorirvtcq 6lsq o1e66v trq npoqyofpeveg oldoerq cvdpeoa otqv cotrrri td(q rcr tov 611,o, q aveupatrrrl eX,it tr1q 6eroet{aq tou '20 eile nerorei lroq propofoe rcveiq,vc zrci[er otqv ew6lsra to nclr6 neirlvi6r rou vc ewuzr
Ereivq tqv eropi, rcv6vaq,6ev rpodplsfiE ftalq,to a),q0l6 06po out{q I {6tc q e},it pd},lov, rapd q aourri td(q. H ftp@roropic cpoofoe rrog 6ev aapapia(a to{1ouq,, cIId cvorXtdg r6pteq rcr 6tt n op6eorul eartuxia 0c 6r6veu6e qv ealOupic tqq vo eivcr ptc ercvcotccrri perov6tqto,, cfio6erruiovroq,, ovdOetc, ,r(oq e(6qpa(e to rve$pc qq srofiq,, 6vo v6o pc(lr6 nvefpa. Ar' cutri tqv drovn, e{vcr r6u{repa ev6rae6pov vc rapctrlp{oel xcvetq, qv uno8opl nou enq6lc(e I ,tpoptXeptri Ieppcvfa otqv <<'Orepo rqq flevrdpag> tou Mrpe1,r. To 6pyo rapouo(o(a rouq, yrdyrocpq oov c(roodpootouq eml,Erpqpotfuq, rcr avt{otpoqo. H epcove{o 61coe xdnroq q1v o({a tqq,, 6tcv ot a[rcodpcotor efill,etpqpcrieq,, nou pp{orovtav avdpeoc oto row6, v6procv actlq, ?o 6pyo caotelofoe pu 6uro6uurri err6vo rrlq,rpaypo?lK{q (co{q, evdr o 6XIog lctpdtroe to 6pyo oov prc ru,X.,)urtelvtxri &rairooq tou yKoyKotepropo6. To peqp6v tou 6pyou, tqq epcove{aq 0c rlrov
rr 6X,r p6vo prcq, el,it:
t1v utotr06pevl qOlx{ t16, rorwv{cq>. Autd t'cy6prc <Xdvowcr pdoc otov d(eoto r6opo tqq 6ld,{q, coorrlq, q0txrlq xar 6ev E6pouv mc nriq, vc 6rorpivouv tqv olrl0erc trr'ro ogdlpc> (Die Geschichte eines Hochverrdters, abL, ?67 xar 269). H opogulogrl{o outrbv.trov r$rXrrrv rirov touldl,rotov ratd dvc p6poq prc drqpooq cvt(6pco1q, crdvcva otqv xorvrovic,
-
-
76
To oAoKAHporIKo EyETHMA
sErst kommt das Fressen, dann kommt die Moral> +, npoxdl,eoe epeutu66n lerpoxpottilroro cft ' 6),ov onol,6roq, ?ov x6opo, ov Kor T1o 6rogoperrrof q I6youq. O 6Xl,og lepoKporo$oe, yrcti 6rcpve t1 qp6oq rotd ypdppc. H proup(ouc(io, ener6rl, e(ofiatqpdw1 t6oov rclp6 an6 qv i6ro fllq,fllv urorptoic, {tav xoupaopdq cn' outri tqv 6vrcoq rar 0eorpo6oe 0c0rd oog{a
tqv 6rqpcol rnq Kolotun{cq nou cnotelofoe tov rcv6vo tqq (ro{g tqq. H elit, t6loq, em6ri q crordl,uryq fllq,uror(plo{oq riccv 6vc Ooupdolo 06apc. To 6pyo e{1e to cvtt0eto crpfrbq ozor6},eopc on6 ereivo nou ei1,e eirr6ril(er o Mnpe26t. Aev {tov ara 6uvot6 va r-otcrr},ri(er xcveiq touq aototlq! Xepoxp6tqocv or i6ror tqv cnorril,uyq tqq xpug{q touq qtloooqicq rl q 6lpoor6tqtd tqq azo8eirwe *
**
Nouvelle Revue Frangaisg ya)v)utrr1 )uoyotelvrrri entOerbpqoq (o.t.p.).
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE TAEEIE
77
6uotpopp6vl c6ropop{a nc tlv t6rc qq qv tflr|, 66o IapaKqprottxd nou pord(ouv rdpc ro16 lre rov gowootrr6 r6opo trov pokbv Kcl rqv 6M,er\rq zpoocomrof oupgdpowoq,fiou flq, Xcpcxtqpi(er. H povc6rr{ eurcrpic yta ta olorlqprottxd xrv{pcto, *ou e(qyei pcti pz6pEoE vo ouvcq0ei pw rpooroflvrl ouppclio avdpeoc orrlv rEvgulratrx{ el{t Kor rov 6IIo, rltav 6tr, pe rport&yovo rcr c6rogopono{qto tp6tco, tc ,Epoglritrcrd touq e{Xov Tfver 6potc Kot npot"rrlvodoav to ltpopltlpo?o Kot tq vootpotio tlg pd(cq. Arptp<6q 6nroq q etlutxp{veu tou 61lou ror q cu6rot6}eic tr1q pd(oq ooxodocv yoqte{c zdvro otqv el,{t, 6tor Kcr ro olorlqpcotrrd rwrlpatc tr1 otry{veucv crotcv[rqtc pE tov roluprop6 toDq,fiorq,e{1cv rctcffioet fll 6rdxpoq cvdpeoa oe r6urrtrrri rcr 6qp6orc ffi rct rcoq (crd&locv orov dv0prono prc puoqprc[6n rcr eBroloyrxti tlqp6tqtc. A116 tqv etoxrl rou o Mncl(6r eile edpel oro ealq,tqv t6rotrrri Bori tolv 6qpooirov av6p6v o1q, ycllrr{g rorvrov(oq Kor rEou q 6pc}rctoroinon an6 tov 'Iyev tcov <<Er1p7pdtorv tqq Korwrrv{cq,> e{Xe rctcrtrloer to euponctx6 06qtpo, to tp6plqpc tlq 6tzp6oroffitg q&Kliq eile ylver 6va o;fi6 ra rupdtepc 06pctc rov rpaTcr6ubv, torv rorpro6rdrv Kcl rov puftotopqpdtrov. H 6utp6ooml q0trtl, 6zcog trlv coxorloe n lrzoup(ouc(ic, 6Trve ro ouorcorlr6 oUppolo too esprtt de sdrieux,lrou e{var fidwc zopzr[5eq, rcn not6 etlrxpw6q. H 6drpoq ovdpeoc oe l6urltrr( rcl 6np6ora ffi'6err e{Xe rcprd oX6oq pe t1 6trcrolompdvq 6drprorl ovdpeoa orov ,rpooo*rr6 xot to 6qp6oro top6c. Anotelo6oe, lrdllov, tqv yuloX,oyrrrf cwcvdrlcoq tou cy6vc cvdpeoc atov aotd ran tov xohtt4 tou l9ou aubvo,, cvdpeoo otov dv0pcolto ltou 6rpwe Kar Xpqorpozoto$oe 6louq touq 6rlp6orouq 0eopo6g cr6 tq oromd tcov r6urrox6v tou oupqep6w
Evovt{ov tou tc(,rxo0 nvedpctoq,trov eupconctxrfiv xoppdtrov, nou e{1,cv
ndwa aopc6eXtei 6tr cwtnpoocfuEucv rdnorc oupg6powa, ro,r evo,vtdov ?oD (orEoprouvtopof> curcbv ttov xoppdrcrv, tc oroia 0eropo6ocv rov scut6 touq olq cltM tpripa ev6q ouv6l,ou, rc olorlqpcotrrd nullratc 6tcpe-
78
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYETHMA
pciovcv rrlv (
rpat{ofl
rouq, 6uo tope{q lcoplop6-
vouq,.
Ereivo nou yoriteue tqv eX,it rltcv or pr(oorcoor6q l66eq autdq, rc0eaut6q. Ol arordSoEeq rEpogMyerq,rou MapE, o6perova pE flq orofeq to Kpdcoq 0c e(c9cv(6rcvTurvc rcpolroprioelq 06oq ?ou oE prc cta(lrri rolrovfo, 6ev rltav nrc pt(oorootrr6q,, o6te cpretd peoorcvrr6q,. Av o Mnepvtrdeg 6Xer 6irro, 6tov l,6er rEoq <
rllpcocroi>r, t6te 11 6X,(q rou dorqoe q Eopuorrl Pcoo{cr, pe ioq oXe66v 6wcoq, oroDq, rveupeurodq ouvo6orn6pouq,?ou vo(topof Kot rou l(olrpouvlopo6, zpoepl6tav cxptpdlq an6 to yeyov6g 6tr otq Pcoo{c <
'
otrl 6nproupda tou vc(rocroi rMpctog uaofpcFF{otnre cn' tov {6ro tov X{tlep. Iro Mein Ikmpf e{vcr ev6rog6pov vc nopotqplioer rc6u rox,upl(atar 6tr e{1e xctaLdper qv cvdTrl {6puong ev66 x6ppctoq, tdtrc oe prc
nolMg ve{q,
Oop6g
Weltanschauung f&to tnq owrtep6oltcg t
II, reg, I:
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE
TAAEIE
79
6uor{q Eup<6qq, ouvO{xeq rou rl,qotd(av ereiveq rrlq Prooicq. 'Eroq 6ev ritcv ru1aio to yrlov6q 6tt or 6uoroi encvcordteq, dplrocv, pe tq oerpd touq,, vo uo0erofv cut6v rov Errcvootctrx6 qovo,trop6, tov tunrrd, pcoor16, rou (qto6oe, 61r tq petcpo)'rl ?ov Kolovrrcbv rl no),rurcbv ouvOqrriv, cl,Xd tq plQni rcrcotpogri 6kov torv r{oteorv, c(ubv rcr Oeopcbv fiou Dr{p1cv. O 6fl,oq efi
rcir{
oKrlvli.
H cvtloulqorri ouppaflc cvdpeoo otov 611,o rc, tqv el,it'rr q ncpd(evr1 ofpntrooq trov enr6ub(erbv rouq,, e(qlofwal cr6 to yeyov6q 6tr autd to orpcbpctc ei1cv, zprv on6 xd0e dl"Io, ropat"reprcrei an6 tc, nl,cioro tou e0uro6 Kpdtouq Kor fllq ta(tx{q xorvorv{cq,. Euvowri0rlxo,v 16oo e6rol,o (av rcr rpooroprvd), enet6{ 6vro0cv Kor ro 66o rcoq evodprrovcv rc ,tsfipop6vc tqq erol{q, rorq roDq, crol,ou0o6oov avopi0pqreq p6(eq, ncoq apyd ti yptiyopa or reproo6tepor eupcrrnctroi l,coi 0c pzopofocv va pp{orovtcr oto rleup6 rouq 6totpor, rdoteuu,v, vc xdvouv tqv eravdotcori touq. Tellrd rr ot 66o nXsup6q yel,doqrov. O 6XIoq,, uz6roopoq tlg ooorrlq td(ng, tlm(e fiolq,ol ov(olupeq pdQg 0a tov porl0o6ocv vc rdper r1v e(ouoio rcr 0c tov unootrlpr(av, 6tav 0o rp6pol,l,e tc r6ro(tepd rou oupgdpovtc. 'Hlzr(e 6rt 0c pzropofoe vc cwrKcrootrioer ta ralrd otpripatc qq, cotrr{q xorvovfaq, Kor vo fll q, Epquorloer to neprco6repo ((snryErfll pcrtr6>> nvefpo tou un6xoot"lou. AIId, 6tcv cvdpqre ofllv e(,ouoin, o ol,orlqprooop6q 6pa0e Tp{yopo ,rat€, ro smlerplpartr6 zvedpa 6ev rirav yvcbpropo ron 61lou xcr p6vo rr 6tq 6l,lrrrore, 6va tdtoro avefpo 6ev propo6oe no;p6. vc cnerl{oatt1v lrpoord0erc olrrriq rupropXicg ndvco otov dv0proro. An' t' dl")uo pdpoq, n 6X,IetVq qftrrbv ev6orcoprbv 6ev crotelofoe, ofte outrl, t5to(tepo wcirpropa tou 61lou Kor, oG reX€uta{c avdl,uoq, propo$oe vc 6r6c10ei oe 6vo oleord ofvtopo lpovtr6 6ldotqpa. fic touq, cpe{Irxtouq pqXauopo6q rupupflcg rar e(6wo6rlg, rl ouwouop6vq pd(a rrov g0"rotciov rltav rohl rclfrepo ulr*6, rrov6 na eyrl,ripota nol6 p,eTclfrepc cr6 reiva tcov 6{0ev ezcyyel,patubv rou ei6ouq,, cpre( ta eyrl,ripata autd va {tav rc}ud opyovcop6vc rar vo e{1ov tqv elorteprr{ 6Vn ouvq&op6vr1q
epycoiaq.
80
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYETHMA
Aev e(vct, Iorn6v, ra06l,ou tulc{o 6tr, ot ozrivreq,6ro}rapopfuq, evcw{ov rrov pc(rxrbv 0r1pto6td)v ltou Dranpdl0qxcv cn6 rouq,vc(i evcwiov trov Eppcirov Kcr tov l,ccbv tqq cvctol,rrrlq Eupcbnqq, ut{p(av 6,p1o, 6p torv
otpctrortrrrbv rl rdtotou dl,lou rpripatog qq ouwouopdvlq pd(cq torv aBroo60cotrov. qtl,rotcirov , a)'h6. crp0rilg autrbv trov ouvtp6gtov tqq rpdl' tqq rbpcq tou X{tkp, rou {tav tumro{ ernp6oronor tou 61lou@. 'Ooo ylo tov XipXep, tov toltip6tepo dv0pcoto tqq leppaviog petd to 1935' 6ev cvrire rc06)uou o'exeivtl tq <
A.
q 6ro{rlorl qq, Otlrpavic€, dlpcae clovartrop€veq, ovogondwo ortq ouvorlxeq, nou enrrpctodoov to g0rv6n(Dpo rou 1942, €Nowae npooro0{oer ,no rprv vc retuler pra dpeol erdltgoq tou Xitlep. BI. Naz' Conspincy, III' oel,' 83 rcr
eEol,60peuorl touq,. Yte60uvoq Trc pdq,
lY, aeL.62.
Yrdplouv 069oro xat peprrdq, a[,arp6oerq, o'aw6 tov xov6vc. O 6v0ponoq, tou dorooe to flap{or czt' trlv Kctcotpoerl rltcv o otpatnY6q Oov E6ltrtq, fioD' ,tcp' 61,' owd, <9o96tav ouvdxerc pI ldoar rrl 06o11tou, ener6rl 6ev e{1e erteMoa trq, 6rato16q,>, ev6 {q,epe 6tt
8l
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE TAEEIE
ml"q, 6vcq oe(oucl*r6q eyrl,lpot{oq,, ocv tov EtpdlXep, 6vcq, cuo6pporoq,, ocv rov P6(evptepyr, 6vcq, qovctrr6q,, 6zroq o Xitl.ep rl 6voq tu1o6to1Kfllq,, oov tov lxdptyr. 'E6e(e q peydl,n tou trcv6ultc otqv opTdvoon tnq ol,rrriq ruplopdcq r
oel.
556).
64. H ropotrlplon 6Trw T.O.5
cn'tov P6pnept Adu. Bl.
Kohn-Bramstedt, o.n., oel. 17E.
82
cvdyKooov rov e(orrprr6 x6opo vo, rdper
llawof
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYETHMA
tc 66ypard
rouq,
orc oopcpd.
6nou rc oloxlqpcottrd rlvrlpatcr rct6lcpcv tqv e(ouoic, 6lsq, or opd6eq trov oupacOorlvtcov lrcpopepiotqKcv, ,tpr cr6pc cutd tc rcOe-
otcita *epdoouv otqv extdleol rolv ,tro rpopolttrcbv toug eyrlqpdrrov. Suvoqcr{, mreupctrnl rcr xcllrteXvtrrl rpcotopoul(c eivc,r ro i6to earx{v6uv1 Trc rov olorllprouo;t6, 6oo rcl q eyxX,qpcorrl nprotopoul{a tou 6XX.ou. Kl q prc xl q dIIl e{vo,r ,rro enrriv6uveq an6 tqv crlri rolrtrroi awt otcoq. O ouorlpottr6q 6rrryp6q 6kov torv cv6teporv popqciv mreupctlrriq 6pcotqpr6trltcq cr6 touq v6ouq qydteq trov pc(r6v 61er pa06tepeq mdeq, cz6 tq guorrri touq cwtrd0eu nc rcOeti fi ou 6ev pzropo6v vc xctcldpouv. H ohrri xuplcpXic 6ev ov6Xerct xcprd ele60epq'zpcotopoul{c oe ororo6rinote re6io qq qro{q, rcprd 6pcot4prdrlrc ,rou vo l.rqv eivar ewdd)q fipoH
FMVU1. O ol,orlqpcotrop6q,, 6tov ppe0ef otqv e[,ouo{c, o,vcrc0ror6. rcd.vtote 6Io to peydlc to,Mvto,, 6zoreq rr cv e{vcr or oupzd0edq touq,, p'ere{voDq, rouq, cvro6pponouq, Kar rouq av6qrouq,, nou q 6ll,euyq e(urvd6cq xcr 6qpnupytxo$ nrredptrtoq rcpcp6ver i1 rclfrepq eTTthlo1 tlq voptpogpoot! v4q toug6.
65. H proLoeprnxrl rol,rtrrrl, rcpd[wc ourrcrrlq, ndwr o'out6 to 06pc, e{var ro16 fwootrl xcr 6ev merd$tcr ololrcop6. O flrxdoo, yra vc cvc96poulrs ro yvoot6tepo rcpd6aTpo, 6ev elvcr opeot6q oq Eopecrrl 'Evroon xr cg 6yrve roppouwotrlg. E{vcr a0ov6, Eogvrnl
cltcytl
I
tou Awpd Zrw, E6Irq, e{6e rr1 proloeprmrli npcTpctrx6trya(Retour dcJ'URSS) to 1935, vc 6neros yrc ndwc to Etdhv yrc qv dllsryrl lpnorp6aFcq, trov &lpougyrbv cr6pc rcol oov ouro6orr6porv. H vc(rotrr{ ro}.rtrnl rltav rcp6porc, pe tr1 6w9opd 6rt 6ev dprcoe
vc ormcboa peldl,c tcMyro.
83
MIA KOINONIA XOPIE TAEEIE
@c titov ev6roe6pov vc 1relatrioer rcw{qlrmopep6q q otc6ro6pop{c tov oleard ?r,{1rov Ieppcv6v 6rovoodpev(r)v, ,rou Een6paocv tr1v arX,t ou\rsgfoo{o rcr np6ogepav flq, unlpeoGg touq,, Ersr6ri rlrcv gnvcoro{ vc(l (Weinreich; o.r., E.{vcr q p6vrl peMtn rou urdpler xcr e{vcr pr.o rq7ri ofytruo[q, emr6rl 5ev Orolorpi(el tolg [c\re rrorlprcKotlg nou cordoolrcv to vc(rop6 rr cwo6q, rou lporotorlv tr1 otc6ro6pop{c touq, cnorleiotrrd oro rc0eot6q,. Aev cvcg6per t{nmo 7rc trly rporlyo$peq otc6ro6pop{c tov ev lr,61ro 6rorrcolpercv rc,r pd(ar toug cv0p6roug pe pefdlq c({c po({ pe torq negornopdnouq,). Mra rSrc{tepc ev6rcgdpouoc rep{rtoo1 e{vcr cunl tou voptxorl Kcpl, Etrtt. Or dwe1trcq, OeoD{eg tol, ndv{o oto 0dvcto trlg 6qporpcdoq, ror tor v6pr;rou xc0eotdtoq, &c06(owq xcr orlpepc p'ev6roedpov. Metd to 1935 cvtrratcotd0qre cr6 vc(rot6g voprrofg ror nolraroug &orp1nro66, &roq o Xcvg tDpcvr, o pellowrx6q,6rclrnt{q tqq flokov{cq, o fr6tqprw Ndeoe rcr o Pdrvtrcpw Xev. Otelsuto{oq,roudneoe oe6uopdvaarltcvorotoprx6q,Bdltep Opavx, gcvcor6g owwlpltlg xor pdlog tou K6ppctrq, nprv tllv dvo66 ro orrlv e(ouo{c, nol ro 1933 dpve 6cu0uwrll tou
Rcichsinstitut
fiir
Geschichte des Neuen f,leutschlirnds, pe
tqv repIglpl
Forschungsabteilung
ror er66o1g trov 9 t6p
TO OAOKNHPOTIKO EYTTHMA
84
KEOAuL{IO AEYTEPO
To o),oKlnpoTtKd rcivnpa I. H oluorlurlprourrl mporoyriv6o M6vo o 61l,oq xcrq el,it pzopofv va npooelxuoto6v olt6 p6vq qv oppltrr6tqta tou olorl"qprooopof. Aw{0etc, o p6(eq *pfixava xep6q0ofv pe filv rpofiaydv6o. Kdrro cz6 6va ouwcTlrcttr6 rc0eotriq e]eu0epioq yvc6Frlg, ra olorlqp
ouppepi(owot pE r' dIIa r6ppc?o rnv cvdyxq v' cztoxtrloouv onc6o6q Kcr vc rpcvo6v c(r6zrota o' 6vc rorv6 nou 6ev 61er cr6pc croronE{ cn' 6leq ttq dmeg Tcry$q r),qpogopubv. Avcyvropiotqxe az6 vcop{q rcl6upepcu60lre oulvd 6tr, ottq,olorlrlpcotrrdq l6peq, rpolrcydv6c Kol rpoporpodc e{vct 66o 6yeq rou i6rou vop{opctoq'. 'Op
l. BI. n.X,. E. Kohn - Brametcdt, Diaatorship and Politiel Polie: The Tehnique of Coatrol DyFear, Aov6{vo, 1945, oel,. 164. H {rlynon elvor 6tr <X,op{q, t1v lrporoydv6c, 1 rpoporpct{o 0c 61crae to peycl6tepo pdpoq rov ryutroX,oprcSv qq eitrurr6oerov, ewl lop{6 rqv rpoporpct{o rl nponaydvDc 6ev e{vor ar6luto onoteX^e,opctrrt> (oel. 175). Aw6 rou ropcpalofv outof tou e{6oug or cr6yetq, e{vcr 6tr, 6Xr p6vo 1 ao?r,rtrx{ rponcydv6c,.cX,Id rdOe ofy1poq pc(rxri
6toqtlplon repdladvc ororle{o orerl{q,. Kr6rlq rpoporpcdc prope{voe{vcr an6luro ormeleopotrni Xrop{q tqv rponaydv6c, 6oo np6xertcr yro tI ouppccrrl tpoporpot{c fllq, opovv{cq. H tpoporpadc 61er cvdyrl cr6 zponaydv8c p6vo 6tav orore6a vc rotcmdoer, 6Xr
p6vo olr' d!o, oXld xr oz6 p6oc. M' aual u1v 6worc e{lte o vo(rot{6 0eropltrr6q Eugen
Hadamovsky aro Propaganda und Nationale Macht, 1933i
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO
KINHMA
85
0' apreorei va 9e0au6oeL ovd0eto fipoq, rnv rpcypccr6alto,, 6tt 6ev unripler avepyrc: H nponayriv6a rou 0o tov crol,l,d[er rcor an6 qv r]unpcop{ trov ern6opdtrov ovepyioq2. EEiooD onlrcwrr6 eivcr to yeyov6q 611 1 ripvrloq rapcDofiq tqq avepyfcq u]"ottoro6oe, ov Kor pe tp6zro pdl,)uov cnpoo66rnto, rrlv noX,rd ooorcl,rourrj (
oluoqdvepq
ncoq, <<6aotoq 6ev epyd(etcr 6ev 0o rp
0eolpio
tpoporpatio Tro vc orqpiEouv cut{ tqv rpozrcydv6c, ro,l6w rrl lplolponoiqoav. 'Ota,v e(6wroocv to peycluftepo p6poq r1q, nolutovtrriq rwel'rYrdvtoro,q,, ro 6xcvcv, 6p enel6{ {tav cw{Oerq fipoq, cuto6q, a},ld ener6{, o6pqcovc pe ro 667p4 touq,, or flolucovoi 6ev eilav v61oq. Kr 6tav ole6icoav rrlv clrcyory{ tcov rcrdubv rou e{1,cv Eav06 pcllld rcr yolcvd pdtra, zp60eori touq 6ev ritcv vc rpopd(ouv rov nl10uop6, o)'ld va orioouv ro (yeppovrr6 cipo,>r3.
2. <Ere(vq tqv eroxrl avororv
(Anton Ciliga, The Russr'an Enigma, Aov6ivo, 1940, oeX,. 109). 3. H crorolodpevl <enrleiprloq dlupo> Eexiw1oe p'6vc 6rdtalpc tou Xiplep, tnv 16 Oe9poucpiou 1942, nou <
86
TO OAOKAHPNTIKO EYETHMA
Eg6oov ra o),,oxl,qprotrxd xlvripctc ppiorovtor p6oa o'6vav r6opo nou 6ev e{vcr o)uox}',1procr6q, eivcr u*ol,peropdvc vc
ratage0youv o' ereivo ,rou
ovopd(oupe ouvri0olq zrponcydv6a. 'Oproq, prc r6tord zrpozroydv6a cneu06vercr fidvro fipoq, ta 6Bro, eite np6xerto,r Tra pq oluorlulp
tou eOurof nll0uopo0, eite pa pq ol,orl,qporordg, E6veq X6peq. Aut6q o e(rotepx6g topdcq eivcr nol6 perapl,qt6q. Ar6pc xor petd tqv rcrdllryrl t1q e(ouoiaq,, n fipofiaydv6o paopei vc orpcgei zpoq, ereiva ra rpripctc tou nluq0uopo6 qq ld)paq zou 6ev 61ouv cpxetd npooqluuttotei. 'Etor, or I6yor nou 6FycG o Xit)',ep fipoq rouq otpcqyo6q rou otq 6rdprera rou rEoMpou Kcr rou aeroreX,ofv fip6runa zponayriv6cq, IopaKfllpi(ovtcv cr6 rc repcrrir6q y6pctc nou 6),eye o Oipep orouq, arpoot6q rou, rpoono,0rbvrcq vo touq rep6{oer pE ro pdpoq roua. O eEroteplr6q top6aq pnope{ ar6pa, va e{vo,r pra op66a oupnc0ofvrcov zrou 6rotd(ouv vc 6e1,ro6v touq cl,qOrvofq cwrrapevrxofq, oronofq, rou rruipctoq,. T6l,o9, ouU,Faiva oulvri o otevdg, r6rl,oq rou Oipep { ta pdl,q tcov en{X,ertalv olqpanop
Bramstedt, o.r ., ae\.244). Mrope{ va 6ei rcveiq, ariq, ni6tov 11 enrloy{ nat6r<6v pe p6o1 rcrprxd moronorqtrrd rou 660qxcv on'to 6a6tepo rctprr6 tprlpo tou MrvoK, orrq l0 Auyo6otou l9A: <
oro0ofvorEppciorotq Erpqpia{ tnvAqflr{ (oel.31 l){tn Mc6ayoordpq, ev
TOOAOKAHPOTIKOKINHMA
87
fir6oetq, opo(eqKav afi6 6va Korv6, fiou 6Ev (tcv npoetorpcop6vo yra lna t6rorou ei6ouq ouvdnercs. Bcorxri, rl olorlnpoloro[ rupcpdc ftpoonc0ei vc neprop{oer flq,ftpofiaTcv6roor6q pe066ouq tqq p6vo otqv elcoreprrrl nol"rtrrrl tqq { orlg op66sq tou rrvril"rctoq, rou pptorovtcr oro efcoreprx6, Tro vc rouq rEpotrq06ryer ro rcrri),X,qlo ulrr6. 'Otov pepx6q eop6q o eyg6proq apooql,wrop6q dplrrcr or ofyrpouoq l"re rrl ypop,l"iri tt1q rponcydv6cq nou cnopMrer oe e(coteptrri rctovdl,oroq (cut6 6pve oq Proo{o oq 6rdpKEro rou noMpou, 6p 6tcv o Etdl,rv ouppdmoe ps rov Xitlep, ol,ld 6tav
n6lcpog evcvtiov tou X{r}uep rov tono06rqoa oro orpcr6ze6o trov 6r1porpctubv), e(qyo6v r6te orov e0vrx6 nl,q0uop6 ,r
Eleuxri p'aut6 ro06pc, unrip|e pro nol0evdtog6pouoo cvoqopd, perlpepopqvio 16 loul,bu oxetrrri lre prc ou(rltlorl nou 6pve oto oplqleio tou tD{pep, ncpouo{a tolv P6(epnepYx, Arippepq,, rcr Kdrtel. O Xitlcp dplroe rovi(owoq, nq, cx6l,ou0eq <pootrdq, cp16q>: <Eivcr ma olpcwlr6 vo pr1 6e{lvoupe xcOcpd tov te}.rx6 poq ot61o o' 6X,o tov x6opo (..,) Aev rpdner vo'vcr ro16 Oarnp6 6tr (tc Srotdlpato oletrxd pre tq 6tatripnol tlq, tdE1q otc ratel65.
1940,
Al,ki 6X,c tc oncpa{r1ta pdtpa - erteMoerq, propofv xcr npdner vc ouveltotofvr>. Aroluo60noe pra oufitlorl petotoniosrq rln0uopo6 rou 6ev ovoqdpetor rc06X,ou o'outd ltou eifie o Xitl,ep, xr 6nou o X{t)ep 6ev ouppetdXer. Eivor epgcvdq 6tr 6ev <<xctcvorl01xe> (Ntouxoup6vro L221, Kfvr'po Eppoix{q, fll"npoq6pqpevo e6der1) teivouv fipoq, lno axpoio 16o11:
oqg). 6. Eletxd pe tqv reno{01o1 tou Etrihv 6tr o X{ttep 6ev 0o enrte06tcv ofll Proo{o, pI. Isaac Deutscher, Srari, : A Political Biography, Nda Y6prn xat Aov6ivo 1949, oel,. 454 xct r8rcitapc fil orlp. tqq oel,. 458: <Mdvo to lgl8 o enrxegal,riq, tqq errtpomiq rou o1e6iou, o ovonl,lprotr{q npco0unoupl6q N. Voznesensky, onord).uye 6fl to ott(ovoptKti o166rc po to 1941 qodltrlrav pe pdoq tqv erpriv,4, rr 6tr 6va v6o o166ro npoocppoopdvo otov n6lepo gtrdlrqre p6vo Fetd qv dvap[n tcov el0porpclr<6v>. H dtoyrl tou Nt6rtoep 6ler oripepa enrpepcror0a{ on6}"utc, Lie fllv ovaeopd rou Kpodotoeq tdwr ottq cwr6pdoaq tou Etdllv ylc t1 yeppcvrr{ eiri0eo1. BX,. tov
Department, New York Times, 5 Iouv{ou 1956.
88
To oAoKAHpnrIKo EyETHMA
yriv6o. To ouorcoor6 orlpeio eivo,r nroq,or cvdyreq,qq rporaydv6ag unoyopefovtar n&vto an6 rov e(roteprr6 16o1ro, evri tc i6rc ta rrrlpcrc npo-
trpofv va rctcqe$youv orov npooql,uoop6. Avriotpoec, o tel,eutcioq cur6q,, x&vto ouvo6eu6pevoq czr6 rrlv rpopoKpctic, au(dveror pc(i pe tr1 66vcpr1 tcov rrvqpdtrov rl pe qv azop6voroq tcov ol,orrlpcocrrbv xa0eotd)trov, o,nop6vooTl ,roD ro ftpoorcrs6er an6 rrlv e(roteprrri empporl. Evril n nporaydvDc anorelusi pdpoq rpcypctrrd tou
o'6vav rl,10uop6 rel,e{coq unorcypdvo. Exei 6rou
61er rprrioer
orlv tel,sr6tltd
11
paoil,eio tou rp6pou
rr1g, 6rcoq, otc orpcr6ne6c ouTxevrprioecoq,, tel,eirrrq. 'Hrcv, pdlrorc, pqtd cnoyopeup6vrl
e(agcv(prcr or1 va(roorri feppovioT. M' dl,l"c l,6pc, q nponay&v6o 6ev eivar rapd 6va cn6 ro,6pyo,vc, ioroq,to mo onou6o,{o, rou XptloUronole{ o olorl,qporoop6q 6vcvtr roD pq ol,orl,qprotlxo6 x6opou. Avt(Oetc, Tl rpotrorpo da aiotel,ei tqv i6rc rqv ouoia tou xaOeotrirtoq. H frtcrp(ri tqq 6ev e(aptdtor cz6 unoKerlrevrKof q, yulol,oTtroriq ri dllouq t6torouq, ncpdyoweq, cr prp rilq 6ro)q, oro rorvopoul,eucr6 xo0eot<6q, q 0rap(q torv v6prov 6ev e(aprdtar o,z6 rov ap0p6 trov cv0pcinov ,rou touq zrapapd(ouv. Eav eval,Icxor6 p6oo tqq rponcydv6cq,, q tpopoxpat(c 6ror(e oqpavcx6repo p6lo oto vc(rop6, zo,pd otov roppouvrop6. Ol vc({ 6ev tc 6pal,cv pe ?rq, rpooozrrr6tqreq,, 6zrcoq e{1e yiver otq 8rdprera ev6q nprittou r6pctog nol,rnrcirv eyrlqpdtcov (6ol,oqovic tou Pdtevcou Kol tou 'Ep(prepyKrp). Avri0etc, Ool,ogovrbvrcq rarrirtepc oooro,Irotrrd oteMp ri fr6ln cvt{tr cl,cov roppdrrov rou ei1,cv rdnorc, emppo{, 66ei1vcv otov rl,10uop6 tov r{v6uvo nou caorel,ofoe q r66tqtc rou anl,orl oteMlouq. Aut6 to e{6oq pc(rrriq rpopoxpcticq,, rou l,^ertoupyofoe oe oletrrd lteproprop6vrl rl{po,ro,, ou(cv6tav oro0epd, yrcti o6re q ootuvop(c, ofte to, 6rrcotriprc trp
7.
(otc otpot6re6c ouTxd,vtporolq) mpropi(ercr orrlv
nerOcp1,{o, xtopig
rov6-
deolonrriq p6pgrooqg, pat{ or zeproo6tepor gulo,rtopdvor 6X,ouv ryupl 6o6lou> (Xdwpr1 X{pXsp, Nazi Conspiracy, IV, oel. 610. 8, To nro o(r6X"oyo pflio an'6oc ypdgtlrcv, oleoxd pe t1v olorllproorrl nponcydv6o, vo
e{6oq,
eivcr cut6 tou Eugen Hadamovski,
o.r.
Xorpiq, va
to 6qlrrloer xc0cpd, 6iver prc qrl,ova(ronxri,
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO
KINHMA
89
ecovo pe ?n oo)orri dxqpaol ev6q va(i 6qpoorcX,6you: O nluq0uop6q dplene 6o or vc(i {rcv nro rc1upoi cn6 trg, apl6q rr 6tt rircv ztto ooeaMq, vcr eivcr xoveiq, p6loq ptoq, nopaot panrrrorri q va(rottrri g opydv
pr(av ndvta 6qp6ora, 6ev 66rvcv rot6 6lxaroloyfuq ylo flq
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Or opor6rqreq, avdpeoa o' cut6 tov tfno tpoporpot{oq, Kor tov ro0op6 yxoyr(oreplotr6 eivar t6oo tpcvep6q,, c6ote 6ev 1petd$ral va uftoypapptoto6v. Aur6 6ev oqpa{ver 6rt o vc(rop6q rirav or6toq yrayroteptop6q,, 6rroq ouprdpcvav pepiro{, ol,Iti cn},,rirq 6tt ot va(i, lcopig vc to nopa661ovtcr, 6pc0cv rolu)'d npd'yp,aro" c:r6 ttq, olreptKcvrK6g yrcyxoteptr6q opYovc6oerq,, cvril,oyc p'exe{vc ,tou q ,tponoydv6c touq, *cpc6610r1re 6tt 6r6dLrqKe cr6 tqv opeptKowr(ri eptoptxri 6lae{prcn. Yrtdpxer ndvtroq 6vo rpdypc ,tou, ,tsploo6cpo an6 ttq dpeoeq areil,dq Kct rc eyrl,ripata evo,vtiov t
al?'ridEurv,r1 rordlceortroorri, eptrlwiatlq,ptleprxrlq droqq,Tut toufioreipevo, oto <<[Ipo' naTdV6a rr Ogydrltool>>, Ae6tepo Br.Fl{o, reg. XI tou Mein Kampf Q t6trot' ln YepE. 616oo11, 1925 ror $n), BL, erdolq, F.A. Sru., Die ,p,litisdte Propaganda de.r N.S.D.A.P. im Kanpf um die Macht, 1936, oel. 21.
90
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO EYETHMA
[,ovrKo6) IopaKfiipa, rou Efirrpdfiel o'6vcv r(crooKEucotri v' cro6ei(er, pe q po{0aa otorleirov, apr0}rr0v Kcr }.rrtrq,.<
Al,l,d erei orcpatofv or oulvd unepopcbpeveq opor6tqteq 6lcq{proqq Kct lt ponoTdv8cq. Euvri0coq or emlerpqpodeg 6ev epeavi(owar ocv npogriteq, Kor 6ev zpoorc0o6v c6drortc vc ano6et(ouv tqv op06t1rc t
lrtle prr{ cvdluol oqq,
r6deq,
tou rdwrr otrlv <rponoydv8o rr
opydrmorl>>.
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO KINHMA
9t
or vo(rordq r06voweq, ,Eioteucv cl,q0wd to 6olpdtd rouq,, fio)q 6ev zeprop(owcv va ra X,prlolponorofv Tta rrlv rpoztcydv6a rouq,: <<'Ooo ,trproo6tepo cvcpcopi(oupe Kcr lrcpctqpofpe rouqv6pouq qq g6oqq KClfllq, (co{q... t6oo 0c ou}rpopeov6paote pe tq 06lqoq tou flcvtoDfvapou. 'Ooo zepoo6tepo 0c yvropil(oupe rrl 06lqoq tou [Iavto66vcpou, t6oo peyclftepeq 0c e{vcr or enrtulfuq poq)ro. Eivar gcvep6 nroq,, pe rdrouq [o1,6 enouor66erq rponorouloelq,, ol 66o out6q gpdoetq propofv va exqpdoouv to otcl,lvtr6 6eo16eq: <<'Ooo teptoo6tepo yvcopii(oupe Kor ftapafilpo6lre touq v6pouq tqq, Iotopicq Kal fllq, ndlqq, trov td(eorv, t6oo neptoo6tepo 0c ouppopgrov6pcore fipoq rov 6ralcrtrx6 uX,top6. 'Ooo rcl"dtepc 0c yvcop(oupe tov 6rcl"exttx6 ulrop6, 16oo peyclftepq 0o eivar q entrul{c pcq,>>. Aev und.pye6 {ocoq,, rclfrepo rcpd6erypo qq otc}*urriq 6worcq,qq (ope{q q,Ealq,
yeo{cq,>rr.
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10. BI. to orlpowrx6 ur6pvlpc tou Mdpov Mr6ppav ?ro trq,
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To oAoKAHPorIKo EYETHMA
prcq,6ra6rraoicq, rctd q 6rdprero trlq onoioq <<1 emootpq 6ywe 6vc ei6conou 0a ytctp6yer pe pcyrr6 tp6no to 6ervd qq 6ncp(qq rcr 0a ptropopgriroer tI o6on tou av0pritrou>>r2. E{vcr a},{Oero ncoq 6nproupyi0lre ro}'tj vrop{q prc o16o11 ovdpeoo orov trrlotqpovrop6 Kol fllv tivo-6o trov pc(cbv oro rotoptK6 rpoorriuo. O po(lr6q <
zrtu(1q,>>, rxo,vcitv
va e[ceavioouftov crp6pl,ento lopoxrripa tnq, aroltl-
rrlq, oupneprgopdqt'. 'H6q o Avgcvt6v <6plere va 'pI,Eror q cipc, nou 11 t61vq tlq ouyrivnoqq rtov pc(rbv 0a 61er 16oo t6),,elo ovcrtuloei, rirote o (
rt cv eivcr ot avendprewq, rou 0etrrropo6, tou ,rpoylraflopof rar tou pnelaprcpropo6, 6zorc rr av ufirlpBe q eri6pcori touq, oto olqpctrop6 qq
Producteur, 1,399, 15. Voegelin, o.n.
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO KINHMA
93
6rolq o ol,orl,qpcotrcp6q,, 6tr eivcr 6uvct6
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pordleoe 16oo rctdalrl[q q awrcogelrptotrxri oupreprgopd trov olorlqpcooxtlv xaOeorcbtrov, n ,EtrTlpqq o6rogopic rouq,Tro ro oupg6pov tcov l,otrcirv paq6v. Aw{ n otdoq 6qplorlpyqoe oq orlyXpovrl rolrtrr{ 6vcv cnp60},swo nop&yovra. flop' 6I' outd, q czolutapprrl rporaydvdc 66er(e ofwopc, cIId rol,uplr6vc, n6oo ol pd(eg e[1cv zdyer vc vord(ovtor Trc ro oupg6pov rouq,. 'Eror, 6tcv, otlv cpl{ tou noMpou, o X{tXsp 6rdto(e vc e(olo0peuto6v or rpelo{, or E$ppalor ro q,n66ooq,v otq 06l,qori rou vo Eeeoptor0ei tc dlpqorc ot6pcrc. Eilcv tele{oq d6rro!7. Aev rltcv o r6lepoq nou 6xcve rov Xitlep vc *apcpMyer rd0e 101x6 ev6olcop6. O Xit),ep Oerrlpqoe 6tr q pc(rxrl oeoT{ rou noMpou rltcv plo pova6rr{ eurcp{c yrc v' cpfloet 6vo zp&ypcppc A6wrrv rou, 6ncoq, 6Ic r' dl,l,a oqpeia rou npqypdlrpat6q rou, ritcv uroloyropdvo yra l"oyriv cutov6qto,
n
16. O William Ebenstein, The Nazi Sate, N6o Y6prn, 1943, ovnlfowcq, tqv
o'cut6 to nlc{oro, eivor lcpcrtlpr.ooxrl 1 pcptup{c rou Karl Brandt, ev6q, or' nctpotlq, nou a{trcv tdper 6rctaydq ct' tov X{t}cp vo ertE doouv ro np6Tpappc tnq eu0cvco{cq,. (Ictflrri'6txr1. H opeprrovtxrl ru06pvqoq evdwro otov Karl Brandt xor paprrofq, dl,louq. Axp6aol t1q, 141q, Mopt{ou 1947). O Mnpcw 6rapoptup{Onre 6wovc oxeord pe tqv ultory{o 6o to oXddro opTawl0nre Tra vo plouv cr'tI }r6on tc dx,prlotc ot6potc. Y*oTpdEproe 6tttc p6ln tou K6pparoq,, rou lpnorpototoooovt6toroue{6ouqenrlerprlpcta, e{1cv rdwc 6elte{ 6woveq, erurlri(erg. Kotd tI ywiprl tou, ta pdtpo cutd unolope6owav p6vo cz6 <10rrd rprtrlprc> To {6ro ro16er rcr yrc rlq erronioerq,. Ot qdrelol e{vcr yepdtor oqper6o61q orpcflortrxrbv nou nopcrovoOwcr 6tr l ext6nrorl eraroppup{orv Eppo{orv rol lloXrrrwlv 6ev lcppdver rc06lou ur6r1rr1 6leq flq ((orpc,flo)trx6g rr orxovol.uxdq cvcTrcr6tqtaq,>. Bl. Poliakov, o.n., oeX,. 321 xar tc woxoupdwo nou ncpc06ter. 17. Ivldoc
touq,
94
TO OAOKAHPQTIKO EYETHMA
1r)'r^etqpi6egtt. E&6 rcr zroX,l,o6q, cubveq,, o1e66v 6l,q q euporcirri Iotopic eile pd0er touq cv0pc6nouq,vc rpivouv rdOe ,rol,rtrrri apd(n oe oX6oq pe ro cui bono ?Iq, vc rpivouv 6Ic rc nolroxd yeyov6tc ofpgcova pe ro oulre6powa rou rc aporclofocv. 'Eror, pp60qxav Eaeurd pnpootd o'6vo,v telc{oq dyvrooro ncpdyovrc. flol,6 rcp6 npr crE'rqv rotdl,qryl tqq e(ouo{cq,, q olorlqpcotrrri zrponoydv6c e{1e 6ei(er ol,ordOcpc a6oo l,iyo or pd(eq rc0o6qyo$vrcr cr'to zepp6qto dvotrrro ?qq outoouwrlpnoqq. Al,16 l,6yor rou 6qpcplytro$ lcpcrrripc tqq,, rcv6voq 6ev qv 6l,cge oopcpd u,E6Vq. Aut{ q rporcydv8c Xporotder tqv ezrtufa tqq, 6p 16oo orrl 61payoT{c, cIId otq ouvei6qoq 6tl to,oupq6pov, oc,v oull,ofrri 60vapq, 6ev yfvetcr cto0qt6 ncpd p6vo 6rc,v to, cnapcitqro 6irruc ernrotrrcov{oq av6peoc oto dtolro Kor fllv opd6a e{vor otc0epd. Mrc apoacydv8c, pcoropdvrl crorleiotrxd oto oupg6pov, 6ev propeivc e{vcr anotel*opocrri oe p6(eq nou 6ev avrixouv oe rcv6vc norrtlr6 rl rorvrovrr6 oripa rcr ozotelodvtct cn6 6va 16oq ctoprxcbv oupeep6vt
yrd(r, oe nep(lrtcooq rlttcrq,>re. Tc olorl'q porord xwrl pcra 1pno4rofiotodv to oooralrop6 Kcr ro pcrorop6, cgorprbwoq ro roqelrprotrr6 touq zrepul6pevo, tc oupg6powc Flcq rd(nq { ev6q 60vouq. H popqri trlq aldv0ooqq rp6p},eVrlg, Fr n1v oro{a pe
18. To orogooroar6 6rdtcTpo nor npordlsoe 6lcq trg, pa(lr6q 6ol"ogov(eq, nou crol,orl0rlocv, trnoypdgqxe on' tov X{tX,€p o1v 11 Eerteppp{ou tou 1939 - trl p6pc aou !,6orcoe o
t6lcpog. Agopodoe, 61r p6vo
touq, ryulco0eve{q, (6utro9
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Bl'. Friedrich PercrTval Reck - Malleczewen, Tagebuch eines verzweifelten, Etout7dp61, 1947,
oel.
190.
95
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO KINHMA
rpeavi(ovrov aur6q, or 6worsq,, 6ywe mo oqpawrr{ orE' ro rcpu16pev6 touq,r. To zrpdrto lapoKrrlprotrr6 ev6q lctrof qydq {tcv ,nq, ro vo, e{vcr rdwc cldvOcotoq. Aev pv6tov vo napo6elte{ ro,vdvc ogdlpo2r. To 6tr 6ev yehdrannor6,,6ev pooii(etm orrlv cvcbtepq e(urvd6c tou, c),1,6 otrl oorotrl epprlveic rou rrtlv 6uvriperov tqg Iotopicq t qq O0oqg, zou 6ev 6tarye66owcr c7r' rrlv rirto rcr rqv Kotootpoq{, agod pcrponp60eopc eivct 060cro 6tr 0c uneprolfoouvz. 'Otcv ndpouv qv eq,ouo{c, or qy6teq tlq pd(aq, 6ev 61ouv ropd ptc p6prpvc, nou Eeffipvdst 6leq trq orqelrptotrr6g oxdyerq,: va fipayparorotrioouv trq npopMyerg rouq. Ero t6loq tou aoMpou, or vc(i 6ev 6iotcocv va lpnolporor{oouv 611 tqv, ax6pc cvdncqq, opyovroorri touq,6rivcprl yur vc npoxcMoouv q peyal0tepq 6uvntri Kcrcotpog( tqq leppcv[cq. To drovcv 7ta vo rpaylroronoqOei q rp6p]apt .touq 6rr o yeppcvrx6q l,c6q 0c rcrcotpcgei otqv nep{rtrooq tqq {ttcq. H 6urqqprotrr{ emtuxic tqq o{youpqq rp6BX€\rqq ev0dppuve touq oXorlqpcottxo6q Srrrdropeq vc cvcrorvrivouv to no)'rttrd touq o166ro pe rpoeqtrr6 tp6no. To 6uoqp6tepo ncp66erypc eivct n 6{Xnloq nou 6xcve o X{t}ep oto PdtXotayK rov Icvoudpto tou 1939: <E{pepc rdlt, 0c rdv
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I
96
To oAoKAHPnrrKo EYETHMA
q e[ol60peu6l rrlq eppairrlq, aDI{g oqv Euprirnl>r23. Metogpaop6vo oe pl olorlqpcotrrri ll,rirooc, cw6 oqpciver: <<Eronefro vc nporcMo
0dvateg tdlerq> nou
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-
23. flcpazropnri cn'tov Goebbels: Journal Y6pr1 1948, oel,. 148.
Z.
of Cubbels,
1942-1943,
er6. Louis Lochner, N6o
Stalin: BI. o.zr. 25. E' 6va l6yo nou dplole ro Eent6pppro rov 1942, oro caoxopfqc,po qq, e(oX,60peuoqq, r
TO OAOKAHPOTIKO KINHMA
our6 Trou lder, oxot
Kctd tq Tv6ttq rouq,, tc yeyov6tc e(cptc(rvtct cn6l,uto cn' tqv e[,ouoia ere{vou nou ptopei vo to Kc?coreudoer. O roluprop6q 6tt to petp6 qq M6o1ag eivcr to povo6tr6 otov r6opo, e{vor ye6oroq,, p6vo ov or proloepiror 6ev 61ouv q 66vou,n vc Kcrcotpdryouv 6Ia t' dX,X,a. M' dllua X,6Tto, raldtepc cn' 6)eq trq 6)uX,eg telvlr6q qq olorlIpcocxriq zporaldv6oq,, n aXdv0cotq ,rp60ltVq npo6i6et tov tel,rr6 ar6yo qq xatd)"nxc0ec,ur627:
VIq roD r6opou, orpo0 p6vo o'6vav cn6)'uta e)€yl6pevo r6opo o ol,oxl,qponlr6q lydtqq 0c propdoer vc rpaTpctonotrfloer 6]cq trq yeforeq fipoelrefuq, tou. H ykbooc rou npoerloxof enrotqpovlolrof avtcztorp{Or1re otrq, ovdyKrq rcov pa(rbv. Or telcutcieg eilcv ldoer rrq, pi,(eq touq otov r6opo rr ritav 6torpeq vo Enovevoorpctor0ofv p6oc oe 6uvriperg cr
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7
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orovofq,evcvtiov touq,. Aev llq
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H olor?'lprotrxri nponcydv6c pelucbver rrq telvrrdq tqq pc(rrriq nponcydv6cq, clul,ri 6ev eqeupioxer v6c 06pcra. Autri npoetotpdotrlKov otc zeuivrc 1p6vla nou ,(opor(rrlpiotqrov c?r' r1v cvdrtu(l tou rpnepttrlutopof rcr q 6rri)'uo1 tou eOvtrof Kpdrouq,, 6tav o 626[oq erodpal"e otqv eupronair( zroX,lcrr{ oKnui. 'Oncoq or ra}uto{ Iydreq,tou 61l,ou, ot ernp6oro,rol r(ov oluor?lqprotrr
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TOOAOKAHPOTIKOKINHMA
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H croteleopatrr6tqtc qq rponoydv6cq cutotS rou t6nou avc6erKv6er pcolr6 lopoKrqprottx6 rcov ofylpowlv po(civ. Aev rnotedouv oe dzorc to opat6, o6te Kov orlv ,EpoT1rctrr6olrc trov eprerprbv rouq,. Aev epnrote0ovtcr ofte t' cutrd o6re ra pdtrc toug,, rapd p6vo tq gcwooic toug,, zou npooekUetcr cr' 6,tr e{vcr tcur6lpovc acyr6opro rt 61er prc eoolreplxri ouvolri. Or pd(eq 6ev ze{Oovtct on'ro TeTov6ta, ar6pa Kor rc ye0trrc, cIId p6vo crtr'11 ouvolrl rou ouotripcrroq, oro oao{o, unot{Oetoq cvrlxouv. Euvri0coq rov(etcr uneppol,lrd q oqpco{a qq eaavdlnvng, efiet6{ undpler q cvtil,qyl 6tl ol pd(eg 6ev eivar nol6 rravdq vc rarckipouv KCl vc 0upq0o0v. Etlv npcypccr6fllrc, rl EnovdlnUm 6ler olpcoic p6vo ener6i zre{0er tlq pd(eq, yro pra ouv6rerc p6oa oro 1p6vo. Aut6 rou or pdftq opvodvrat v' avcyrrropioouv eivcr o olcioq laportrlpoq qg npcypctrx6rnroq. Eivcr npo6rate0erp6veq vc 6eltodv 6l,sq tlq r6eol,oykq, ener6ri e(r1yo6v tc yeyov6ta ocv vo e{var ot},d rcpo6eiypoto v6f.iov Kcr e(alc{qouv ttq, ouprtr6oeq,, eqeupioKowcq, pu fototrl ecvrcotrr{ 66vapq zrou rpoxcl.ei 6Ic ta atupipctc. H ol,orl,qpcocxri aponcTdv6c ovcfttfooetor p6oo o'cutri q euT{ cn'rqv npoypctrr6altc npoq, ro p00o, 6va
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M' 6IIa l6ytc, cv e{vcr cX,{0eu 6tt ol p6(eq 6rcrar6l,ovror ofi'rqv efircr'fllv npcypcox6tqta, ener6{, p6oc otqv ouor,cotrr{ touq cro(6vrooq, 6ev propofv nlc vo uzrogdpouv trq tulcieq ro,r orotov6qteq rX"eup6q tqq,, eivo,r ezrioqq yeyov6q 6rr q 6iryc ?ouq yta napcp60to 61er rdnorc o16oq pe to 6rrq loylr{ rleupd tou cvOpdrnrvou pualof evavtuivercl orrlv rc0cprl tdp1. H guyri trov pc(cbv o7r'rr1v npcypatlr6ulrc eivar pra xctc6{rq rou r6opou, p6oc otov onoio eivor uzol,peop6veq vo (ouv 1
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