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e  [ fhev  e

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhkIjb\_^_g\ mq_[gbd_gZklj Hl\_lgZ\hijhk



Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

†

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

G_gZkus_gguc jZkl\hj ± jZkl\hj \ dhlhjhf fh`_l jZkl\h jblvky^hihegbl_evgZyihjpby\_s_kl\Z

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

< lZ[ebp_mdZaZgudhgp_gljZpbb\_s_kl\\ gZkus_gguojZk l\hjZo

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

K\_`_dbiyq_gZy\h^Zg_kh^_j`bldbkehjh^ZjZkl\hjbfhklv ]Zah\\ \h^_mf_gvrZ_lkyk m\_ebq_gb_fl_fi_jZlmju

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

M\_ebqbebiehsZ^vkhijbdhkgh\_gbyj_Z]bjmxsbo\_s_kl\

Hl\_lgZ\hijhkIjb\_^_g\ mq_[gbd_gZklj

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

† W

Z .+2Ÿ .2++n [ &U+2 Ÿ &U2 +n



W

\ 3E+2 Ÿ 3E2+n ^ %D+2o %D2+  +n

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

] &X+2o g_b^_l _ $X+2o g_b^_l

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

.+2o .2++n 32 +2o +32 Wq

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%D+2Ÿ %D2+  +n

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

QZc ijb ^h[Z\e_gbb h[_kp\_qb\Z_lky

† ebfhgZ

ebfhggZy

dbkehlZ 

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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< `_em^d_ijh^mpbjm_lkykheygZydbkehlZ

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk


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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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o ]

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Z +&O$Xo g_b^_l [ +62 $OŸ $O62  +n \ +32 3Wo g_b^_l ] +%U&DŸ &D%U +n ^ +,=QŸ =Q, +n _ +62 )HŸ )H62 +n

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk



12 Ÿ +12 &O2 +2Ÿ +&O2 6L2 +2o g_b^_l

j_Zdpby g_ b^_l ld h[jZam_lky g_jZkl\hjbfZy dbkehlZ ± +6L2 0Q2 +2Ÿ +0Q2 62 +2Ÿ +62 62 +2Ÿ +62 &2 +2Ÿ +&2 32 +2Ÿ +32 &U2 +2Ÿ +&U2 &U2+2Ÿ +&U2

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

=Q+&OŸ =Q&O +n &D+&OŸ &D&O +n 0J2+32 Ÿ 0J32  +2 $O2 +62 Ÿ $O62  +2 1D2++%UŸ 1D%U+2 .2++&2 Ÿ .&2 +2

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

†

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Ihlhfm qlh \ h^ghhkgh\guo dbkehlZo lhevdh h^bg Zlhf \h ^hjh^Z 

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Kj_^gb_ kheb ± )H62 kmevnZl `_e_aZ ,,  1D&2 dZj[h gZl gZljby  1D32 nhknZl gZljby  &U12  gbljZl ojhfZ ,,, $J&U2 ojhfZlk_j_[jZ,  Dbkeu_ kheb ± 1D+62 ]b^jhkmevnZl gZljby  &D+32 ]b^jhnhknZldZevpby &D+32  ^b]b^jhnhknZldZevpby 

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Ijbba[uld_dbkehluihemqZ_lkydbkeZykhev =Q2+62 Ÿ =Q+62 +2

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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&D2+  +62 Ÿ &D62p +2 < oh^_j_Zdpbbijhbkoh^blh[jZah\Zgb_hkZ^dZ&D62p

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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=b^jhdkb^Z`_e_aZ,, k dbkehlhc

)H2+  +62 Ÿ)H62 +2

† Hl\_lgZ\hijhk


Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

1D2+ s_ehqv  &D2+  s_ehqv  =Q2+  &U2+  )H2+ 

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

;_kp\_lgu_khebkh^_j`Zlbhguf_lZeeh\ba:]jmiiup\_lgu_ khebkh^_j`Zlbhguf_lZeeh\ba<]jmiiu

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Ijb \aZbfh^_ckl\bb s_ehqguo b s_ehqgha_f_evguo f_lZe eh\k \h^hch[jZamxlkys_ehqb .+2Ÿ .2++n

Wlhf_lZeeu,$b ,,$]jmii

%D+2Ÿ %D2+  +n

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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3E+2 Ÿ 3E2+n

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk W

)H2+  Ÿ )H2+2

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Wq

&U+2 Ÿ &U2 +2n W

)H2+  Ÿ )H2 +2

62 1D2+Ÿ 1D62 +2 +12 1D2+Ÿ 1D12 +2

&X21D2+o g_ b^_l )H1D2+o g_ b^_l

S_ehqb\aZbfh^_ckl\mxlk dbkehlgufbhdkb^Zfbb dbkehlZfb

† Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

>h[Z\blvd jZkl\hjm1D2+eZdfmk± kbg__hdjZrb\Zgb_ijb ^h[Z\e_gbbdbkehlus_ehqvg_cljZebam_lkyb j_ZdpbyjZkl\hjZ ± g_cljZevgZy± nbhe_lh\h_hdjZrb\Zgb_Ijbba[uld_dbkehlu eZdfmkklZgh\blkydjZkguf 1D2++62 Ÿ 1D62 +2

Ijbba[uld_dbkehlu 

1D62 +62 Ÿ 1D+62

Z n_ghenlZe_bg [ eZdfmk \ f_lbehjZg`

s_ehqgZy fZebgh\uc kbgbc `_eluc

g_cljZevgZy [_kp\_lguc nbhe_lh\uc hjZg`_\uc

dbkeZy [_kp\_lguc djZkguc jhah\uc

Hl\_lgZ\hijhkIjb\_^_g\ mq_[gbd_gZklj Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

&D232 Ÿ &D32  &D2+  +32 Ÿ &D32  +2 &D2+32 Ÿ &D32  +2 &D2+  32 Ÿ &D32  +2

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk


Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

1D2+&OŸ 1D&O+2 &D2+ &2 Ÿ &D&2 +2 )H2+  +62 Ÿ )H62 +2

† Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Hkgh\gu_± 1D2&D20J2)H20Q2 Dbkehlgu_ ± &26L26232&U20Q2 

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

GZ\ha^mo_gZljbchq_gv[ukljhj_Z]bjm_lk dbkehjh^hf &2 &2 &2+2 +&2 1D2+2 o 1D2+ 1D2++&2 o 1D&2+2



Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

&Do &D2o &D2+ 

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

62 +&Oo g_b^_l =Q2+&OŸ =Q&O +2 +62 +&Oo g_ b^_l 0J+&OŸ 0J&O +n 1D&O+&Oo g_b^_l &2 +&Oo g_b^_l &X2+  +&OŸ &X&O +2

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

62 1D2+Ÿ 1D62 +2 +62 1D2+Ÿ 1D62 +2 0J1D2+o g_b^_l 1D&O1D2+o g_b^_l )H2+  1D2+o g_b^_l

&2 1D2+Ÿ 1D&2 +2

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

)H+&OŸ )H&O +n )H2+&OŸ )H&O +2 )H2+  +&OŸ )H&O +2 )H62 %D&O Ÿ )H&O %D62p



Hl\_lgZ\hijhk



=E:<: 

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk 32 Ÿ 32 6L2 Ÿ 6L2 )H2 Ÿ )H2 &2 Ÿ &2 + 2 Ÿ +2 1D3Ÿ 1D3 1D6Ÿ 1D6

† 0J1 Ÿ 0J1 6) Ÿ 6) $O&O Ÿ $O&O $O2 Ÿ $O2 3E2 Ÿ 3E2 &X&O Ÿ &X&O

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk =E:<:

K 2 Ÿ &2 62 Ÿ 62 32 Ÿ 32 )H2 Ÿ )H2

=E:<:

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+ 2 Ÿ +2 0J2 Ÿ 0J2 &2 Ÿ &2 

=E:<:

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1D2+2Ÿ 1D2+ &D2+2Ÿ &D2+ 

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=E:<: 

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Wlhgm`gh^eybgbpbZpbbj_Zdpbb

Hl\_lgZ\hijhkIjb\_^_g\ mq_[gbd_gZklj

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

†

=E:<: 

.0Q2 Ÿ .0Q2 0Q2 2n

=E:<:

2 Ÿ 22 +2Ÿ +n 2n .0Q2 Ÿ .0Q2 0Q2 2n +2 Ÿ +22

=E:<: 

+2Ÿ +n 2n

=E:<: 

+J2Ÿ +J2

+2Ÿ + 2

7L+ Ÿ 7L+n

Hl\_lgZ\hijhkIjb\_^_g\ mq_[gbd_gZklj

† Hl\_lgZ\hijhk =E:<: 

7L2 $OŸ $O2 7L )H2+ Ÿ )H+

=E:<: 

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=E:<: 

:2 + Ÿ :+2 =Q+&OŸ =Q&O +n W

+2& Ÿ + &2

+62 =QŸ +n =Q62

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Z @_e_ahfh`gh\ul_kgblvex[uff_lZeehfklhysbf\ jy ^mZdlb\ghklbf_lZeeh\^h`_e_aZ =Q)H62 Ÿ =Q62 )Hp

[ K_j_[jh\ul_kgy_lex[hcf_lZeeklhysbc\ jy^mZdlb\gh klb^hg_]h &G$J12 Ÿ &G12  $Jp



Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

†

1D&2 &D&O &D&Rp 1D&O1D2+&OŸ 1D&O+2

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

&X62 1D2+Ÿ &X2+  1D62 >ZggZyj_Zdpbyhlghkblkyd j_Zdpbyfh[f_gZld\ g_cZlh fuf_^bb gZljbyf_gyxlkyf_klZfb

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk W

Z )H2+  Ÿ )H2 +2± jZaeh`_gb_ [ )H+&OŸ )H&O +n  aZf_s_gb_ \ )H2+&OŸ )H&O +2± h[f_g ] +62 .2+Ÿ .62 +2± h[f_g ^ &D2&2 Ÿ &D&2 ± kh_^bg_gb_ _ &D2+&OŸ &D&O +2± h[f_g

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Z =Q2+&OŸ =Q&O +2± h[f_g [ &X62 )HŸ )H62 &X± aZf_s_gb_ W

\ &D&2 Ÿ &D2&2n  jZaeh`_gb_ ] &X2&Ÿ &X&2 ± aZf_s_gb_ W

^ +J2 Ÿ +J2 ± jZaeh`_gb_ W

_ 32 Ÿ 32 ± kh_^bg_gb_



=E:<: 

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

†

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 ˜   Zlhfh\

H^bgZlhfaZgbfZ_lh[t_f 

 ˜ 



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 Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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˜  Zlhfh\

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gf 



Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

>bZf_lj lhqdb jZ\_g ff Lh]^Z qbkeh Zlhfh\ `_e_aZ gZ oh^ysbokygZwlhclhqd_jZ\gh ff gf

 ˜  f

 Zlhfh\

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

†

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2 S 

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o

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H  H  Q ±   Q ±  

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk S ± &D S ± 0Q

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 ljbbahlhiZdbkehjh^Z  2

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† Hl\_lgZ\hijhkIjb\_^_g\ mq_[gbd_gZklj Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

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Hl\_lgZ\hijhk Z &V V S



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] )V V S < Zlhf_ nlhjZ ^\Z wg_j]_lbq_kdbo mjh\gy gZ i_j\hf gZ V hj[blZebgZoh^ylkywe_dljhgZgZ\lhjhfgZVhj[blZeb± ^\Z we_dljhgZb gZjhj[blZeb ± iylvwe_dljhgh\

Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

Z V V qbkehwe_dljhgh\jZ\gh ke_^h\Zl_evgh ihjy^dh\ucghf_j± wlheblbc [ V V S wlh[hj \ V V S wlhg_hg

† Hl\_lgZ\hijhk

&V V S 1V V S )V V S 1HV V S



2V V S

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†

Hl\_lgZ\hijhkijb\_^_g\ mq_[gbd_gZklj Hl\_lgZ\hijhk < bhg_ +_  Sb _±



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