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ceKperHo: CoaepweHHo 10 upnn 1934r. Bueuuns pasBe4Kanepe4aHaB Be4enne 7 orÆena l-naanoro ynpaBneHue rocy4apcr BeHuoù 6esonacHo' crn (tlF6) HKBA CCCP.
s avexm0nbHue poeeeèuuxoa MuenomexHuna npuenu3anowuHnnun. @esoÀ{euaJrbxasnaMarb }^renuxa Konqryqua, coxpa=rJa À,irff rlenoBerrecrBaBHaHua ognofi r4B ApeBnefturux ia-:ocoQcxtlx rrrxo.n. Cyqecrnyer rrpeÀarrue' rrro oÀrln rnra.Ëcxufi r{Mnepa:op 6oaee 2000 JIer HasaÀ rrponlrxctr saBr{crblo K cBorrM =peÂKaMrr K BeJIuKoJIenlrIonpegruecrBylorr1eËnarluoraJlbeoË Hcropûrtr.On nrrrancs yarærrorrcrrrbBce ]rcroplrqrecrcrre, pe-rr{rr{oauËreu SznocoScrne ÂoK}rueETbI[pourJroro c reM, cro6br n 6y4yu1eMBce Beno 6u csoe rsroucqrrcJrexlre or ero trapcrBoBaxrrfi. On cncer Bce, rrro croJlËKo-xu6ygr rroxo4]rjro Ea rrzrcbMeusufi,qoKyI\leHT,BKJIIoqasE coq]Inenug KonQ5qua. CgeÂexus o6 l{cropsr uMrrepus 6rtnu ]trrrrlTorrcelrbl rpagrlrglfi. Ognaxo cotlnuenun Konrr iKHJruJrrrruËn Qoprr,re cyrqecrBoBarb B rroJrnoruodgeue 6naÈyrrss rpo.qoJrrrcaJru yArrBlrrenrnofi crrJrerraMaru o,$roro ronQyqnarrcxort roÂaps xoroprrfi coxpatrsn B MoBry }nrerrrre, ycBoerrnoe )îregoro, rru B roxocrr{. floc.ne cMepr}r }rMneparopa oH BoccraxoB$Jr T€Kcr, rrpogrrrToBaBelo nucqaM. Erc tlaMfirb 6rua HacîoJrbKo coBeprrregua,rrro KorAa Mgoro ner crrycrs 6sr.naxafigena crapaff xox$yquaucxafi pyxonucË, Karc-Tocnyraftno us6eifiaBrrraa yrrlrrlToxcen]rfi, ro 6rrno ycragoBJreno,.rro yrenrufi Ee npo[ycTr{Jr rr3 TeIccTaHrr oAHorc cJroBa,
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F .reronen He rroMgrrr AeHb, KorAa eMy BblAaror aaprrJrary (,qeficrsyer roJrbro B ToM cJrlruae, Kor4a aaprJrary BblAaror perynaPno); .re.rroser He noMHr{T B Jlrtqo cBoero HaqaJrburlxa' F qero He sHaeT' oT Kofo llpgTaTbcff Bo BCJTeACTBTIe BpeMff rrprlcTyfia rHeBa HarlaJlbrruxa, fioaroMy
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12
l,loneumanffi u e npueuH ganouuuauun. Mueu omexuuxa pageeôquxoa Peu Sesc Bcra.lr'Bo rJraBe rroBoro rrorcoJleurJr6oros oJ'IlIMrrIIfiqes.
Mneuoarrna pogrrJraor Sesca AeBfiTb4ouepeË - Mys. Myau - 6orunu rBopqecroro B4oxrroBenrr.ffB rrcryccrBe rr Eayxe: Ka.nrtnona - [orcpoBrlTeJrbur{qafioaatru, Knuo Hcroprrr{, Menruomeua - Tpareçfrer, flovrnruunna (lr.nu floauunrrs) - reporqecrrlx ryrMEoB,Tannn - KoMeAVwr, Tepncuxopa - Tarrqa u uenuff, Vpanna - acrpoxowvrvr, 9rrepna - Myabrttu, rutpertrecftoftnoaalru, Eparo - nrrpï.recxoË u .rrro6ognofi uoegvrv!,VfuaNr 6orung rraMgrrr, KaK MaTb MVB,y ApeBHrrXrpeKoB pacupocTpaHseTcBoe BJrr{gEr{e trparcruqecnlt Ha nce cQepbr ,qesreJrbnocrrrqeJIoBeKa. Taxuu o6paaou, VXê ApeBxlre rpexrr rrperpacuo ocoarraBaJIrI, IITO rrtIKAKaff,qegTenbHocTb ruecrBJltrrbcff
qeJIoBeKa He MoxceT ocy-
6eg naugtu.
flarlsru - Marb My3. Bonarep B arou cMËrcJreMLr MaJroqeM orrrrqaeMca or ApeBrrux rpeKoB: y rcaE(,qono,rr3 rrae B ,firI3Hrr ecTb cBoa ucTops8, cBofl rpar€Ar{a rr cBoa lloo3rrs, BpeMfioT BpeMeHrIMbrTaIIqyeM r{ rroeM, a nnorga, o6rruuo, Korga n.rrro6.neubl,cMorp}rM Ea 3BesÂbr.LI xar 'r{e s4ecs o6ofirucr 6ea nausru? flocuorprrnË Ha BBeBAbr,rroroM Bepnerub cnoft BgrnSA rra seMJrro, rirfirrerub rrepæ uneqo na oGserr csoeË nrodslr !r cupocrrmb: rDft, trr rro? 9ro-ro s re6.n He rroMrrK)'. flpegcraBJrsere, KaK cJroxcno6rr BceMrraM [purrrJrocb, ne 6y4r y Eac uanasrnt Hn na BBeBAbrHe flocMorperb, rrn rrorauqeBarb, Hrr crrerË o ruupore Ayrrru cnoeft, ElI paabrr-
13
3n6nuueaa M.fl. parb rpare4rrr)
B Jruqnoft ntlranrr, H?r ycrpor4Tb Sapc n
Ka6rruere HaqarËHprna...
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: @eapanu 1941 r. Coe4ano I YnpaaneHueHK\E CCCP, Ha Koropoe Bosnaraercç, BeAeHueauewueù paSBeAKn. flepnaa
Kourlerrqrff
naMfiTrr [prruaÀJrex(rrr
Apucro-
TeJrro, [ocBffTtrBrrreMy arofi npodleue crrequanrnrrù TpaKTar <.O naugrur tr BoclloMrrHaHurrr>. ApucroreJrb yTBeprIcAaJI, IITO IIaM.fiTb IIpïCyII{a II II€JIOB€Ky, tt ]ICIIIBOTHbrM, BocrroMrrnaur4e ,fie - ToJrbKo qeroBexy.I4ttt 6rtnu rrpaBfiJra .qJr,fiycrrernnoro BocnoM]ruaraus.. ApucroreJrb rarclrce yxaabrBaJr Ha Boapacrubre rrsMeHeHrrff vr vrÉAplBrrÀyaJrËnbre pasJrvrqvrfi. IIaMsTpr. cQopuytrrpoBaubr
CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo: Anpena 1943r. Paseegrca cocpe4oroqnBaercflB Vnpaenenw n HKI-E
cccP. SnarvrerrllruË gperuerpeqecrurfi QulocoQ flnaron B À!ranore <@e4on> ofirlcblBaer cBoe [peÀcraBJleurre o rl€lMsrr4. flo llnarouy, B Àyrue KalrcAoro rreJroBera ecrb BocroBa.fi Aorrleqxa, (y Koro-To oua no6onrrue, y Koro-To rroMeubrrre, y oAHOTO- r1r36Onee rrrrcToro BocKa, y Âpyroro - ns 6o.rree rpaauono uttw 6onee lrcecrroro, â y HexoropËrx oH uoM.flrqe, Ho ecrb y KoFo r[ B Mepyrl. ,{aa rore.rro6rr rrro-To coxpat
{rt. uo: flcuxoJrorua rraMaru / TIon peg. IO.B. InnueupeËrep lr B.,fi. PouagoBa.- M.: 9ePo, 2000. C. 11.
14
paseeôuuxoe MuenomexHuKo npuewu3anobtuHluun. MoneumanbHile HI{Tb
B naMffII{;
IJJ/rs. v
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r.rSooparKeHr4e9Toro, KorAa )rce oHo
crr{paercfi.ullru HeT yrKe MecTa.qJIa HoBbIx oT[erraTKoB, ror,qa ]WbIgadbrBaeM ra 6onrure yïce He BHaeMrl.
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: Mapr 1946r. MfE CCCP,KoropoeaaHnMaCoe,qauoI YnpaaneHne nocb BHeuHeùpasBe4Koù. Anrycrun Bnarrcennrrft Anpemrft n rnure fl urrcnenrlo rouro ux upoqb, ril, HaKoHeq, To, rITo MHe Hy)rcuo, rrpoJrcngercfl r,rBbrxo.qtrr ug cBoux cxpbrrÉrx y6e)Kr{rq. Koe-qro BoBHr{KaerJrerro r[ [poxo4r{T B crpofinovr rropaAre, KoropbrË u rpe6oBarrcs: rrAyrqee Btrepe4rrycryt IIur. no: flcnxoJrorra rrausTlr / tlox peg. IO.D. IuuuenpeËTep n B.JI. PoruasoBa.- M.: 9ePo, 2000. C. 11.
15
3n6nu\eea M.n. rlaeT MecTocJreÂyrouleMyc3a/qyrvr, ycTy[I4B, CKpbrBAeTCff , qTo6br BbIcTy[r4TbBHoBË,rcorAa fi Toro [o]r(eJraroù1.
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: 1947r. Ilpnunro peueHue o cos4aHun Kounrera unQopMaunn Kn) npn Coaere MnHucrpoBCCCP, Koroputù o6ue4nuner BHeuH,otononurn.tecKyton BoeHHyp pasBe4Kn. Konqeuqlra
fiaMaru O. Barona
cocroffJra uB AByx freHuË: 1nreuue o BclloMorareJrbuÉrx cpegcrBax rraMfiTvryt ]rqeEue o cauofi rraMaTrr. flo mnenuro SznocoQa, ocHoBHbrM BC[OMOraTeJIbHËrMCpeACTBOMIIaMSTU ffBJITIeTCffIIr{CbMeHHocrb. Bea raroft nououlkT naMarb He Morrcer cnpaBrrrbcff c Aocrarorrno o6rulrpubrM tr cJrolrcnbrM MareprlaJroM.
CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: Qeapanu 1949 r. KH npn CM CCCP peopraHnso*aH a Kl4 npu MuuucTepcTBeuHocTpaHHbtxAen. fleproe orcrrepuMenTaJrbnoeuccJreÀoBanrreraMflTrr 6uao rpoBeAeno B 1885 r. IepuarroM O66nnrayaoru. ?Inn 6rrnr [poBeAeHbIgxcrrepllMenTbr,ilpuqeM Ha caMoMce6e, tro ga]rqrlBatrulo 6eccnnarcJregrrËrx cJroroB, cocroffrrlrlrx rra AByx corJracubrx rr rJracnoË naexc4yHrrMr[. Ha ocHoBaHuH oTlrx oxcrrepuMerrToB 6rrnu uoÇTpoenËrKJraccrrecK]reKprrsue ga6brBaur/rs,rroxagbrnaK)rrlfie,qro Har{do"rrrurufinpot ltrur. uo: flcuxoJroruff rraMarr{ fiol, pe.q. IO.B. fuuuenpeËTep rr / B..fl. PouarroBa.- M.: {ePo, 2000. C. 14.
16
u JanovuHoHus.MuenomexsuKopæBedquxoe qeHT MareprraJra gaobrnaercrr B lleprroA, cJreAyroulnfi nenocpeAcTBeHrro 3a SaIrynBaHr{eM. ogna uB rrepBhrx ficrxononl*rec*rfx reopuË uamsr n ACCOqUAT}IBIIAfi.}rA rCOP}Iff BOSIIËKJIAB XYI.I B. }I IIE [OTE. psna cBoer0 SHarrellra rr B Hacrosulee BpeMs. B ocgone Aarr_ uoË reopuwl rerx?rr rreHrre o6 accoqua\wu - cBas}r MerrcAy OTAENbHbIM}IIICUXUIIECKI.TMIISBJIEIIITSMIT.fIAUgrr B PAM. xax sroft TeopIII[ paccMarpuBaercs nax cucTeMa accoqllaqnrÏ, 60.nee nJrrl Menee ycroËuuBËrx, KparroBpeMenrrhD( tr ,foJrnoBpeMerrrrbrx. Llcxo4a uMeHHO rs aroË Teopnrr, D66wnrayS oTKpbrrr SaKorr gaoËIBaHUr. o4narco ara Teopu.ff ne o6rscHffET UA6UPATEJIbHOCTI{ IIAMffTIT: ACCOqITA^qUII BOSIII{KAK)TrIA Mrrome crrrMynhr cayraËurr*r o6pa30M, a 3alloMuHaerca rr
: I
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coxpaHsercs B IIaMATr.rroJrbKo ollpeAeJreHHaff Unsoprua rl]r8. B xIX B. B paM*ax reurraJrËTrrcr{xoJrorura 6rrna paapa6oraua reruraJrËTTeopng [aMJrru. reurraJrbr rleJrocrr{âfi crpyKTypa' [epBrlttlHaJr IIo orHorrreHuro K cBetrM KoMnoHeHTaU. reunaJrbr rloÀrrrrH.sercfi o[pe,qeJrerrHbrM SAKOHaM: TsrOTeHUe qacTeË rc odpa3oBaHlrro crIMMerpurrHoro qeJroro; rpyfiIlïpoBKa oTrrx "racreË B HAIIpaBJreHrlrrrrlpocrorbr; oarngocrr. To ecrb B llpoqeccax SarroMrrllarrna rI BocIIpoIIsBeAeHrs JIeEcur qenocrHas crpyKTyp8, a He Ha6o p c;ryrarÏHux accoqfi arr{B'Ërx oJreMe'Tos. coorBercrBe* so neooxoArrMo crpyKTyprrpoBarb 3alloMrrHaeMbrË uarepuraJr, ÂoBoAUTb ero Ao rleJroro o6paaa. cauu upoqeccbr 3AIIOMI{HAIIUg I{ BOCIIPOIISBEAEHUfl TEIUTAJIbTIICIIXOJIOTNA cBssbrBaJra c uorpe6nocrbro, aKTyanË'HoË r gannrrË lroMeHT BpeMeHrr. Ero norpe6nocrHoe cocroallrre cosAaer y qeroBeKa ollpeAeneErryrc ycraHoBKy, KoHTponupyrcqyro BarroMuHarrue urJtvrBocrrpousBeÀeH[e. oÂHaro II y arofi Teo_ pun 6rrnr Her4ocrarKu. leruraarrllcrxonor]I croJrKHyJrtrcb
17
M.fl. 3n6nutleea c npo6nevrofi paaBrlrrls naMtrrrl B rrepBylo oqepegb y Aerefr, TaK KaK TeIIITaJIbTbIpaCCMaTpUBaIOTCgKaK IIeJIbIe' TT3HAtTAJIbHO 3AAAHHbIE,
HCPA3BIABAIOII{H
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CoaepueHHoceKqerHo: fluaapa 1952r. Coe*auo f\epaoe l-naeuoeynpaBnenne(f\l!) MfE CCCP. B. BOBHpIKaeT CMrICJIOBA^gTeOpIzIg IIaMflTI['
B na.ra.ne XX
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reM, IIBO SanoMr4HaeMbIË *rarepu€tJl BrcJIrO-
or MexaHr/rllecKoro
rIaeTCA B KOHTeKCT O[pe,qeJIeHHbIX CMbICJIOBTIX Cnggefi.
CoeepweHHoceKqerHo: Mapr 1953 r. nfy MfE peopraHusoBaHoBo 2 l-naauoe Ynpaaneune MBA CCCP. Henrsfi He yrroMrrHyTbpaoorrr pyccKrrx lrreHblx. AnaAoro nuî,r,AlexcarApoBuq CrurapHoBeKCrrepIIMeHTaJIbHo KaSaJI, IITO XapaKTep HeIIpoIISBoJIbHOIO SaIOMI4HAHTIJI CBg,4eSTeJIbBaH C M6ITJISHIISM, a IIMSHHO - CO C1py6rypofi HOcTrr rIeJIoBeKa. paapa6otannofi Be4egr{ffl
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18
B pAMKax TeopuII
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Jro-
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,t,:rT+iïlf"ffit+i l-lausruMoxer 6uru reHerilqecroÉr HMMyHHoù. l-eHerr,{ecKasnaMsrbo6ecneqnBaernepe.qat{y143noKoneHnfl B noKoneHne Hacne.qcreeHFrofi nHsau)raQpoeanHoù Qopuaqnn, e AHK. Tar, HanpnM€p, y qenoBeKa raKofi r,rHeopua4reù,nepe.qato_ uqeùcnoT po.q,rrelefix pe6eHKyB BytgereHoB,eB_ rsercs llBer rnag, LlBerBoJloc,eoprraaHoca, ry6, BecHytuKn Harhqe, peeyc-eaKropv r.:p,. klr,'rrvryHHan naMflTbnpeAcTaBJreer co60ù cnoco6nocrbopraHn3Ma oTnnqarbco6creeHHbre Knerq!â(epoAHbtxTen u MnK_ KH OT npOHHt(|.UhX 143BHe poopraHilsMoB. OHa yqacrByer B aulpa6orKe nMMyHnrera - cnoco6nocrt4 .opraHrsMa 3aqrqarb ce6s or 6onesHerBopHbtxMHKpo6oen BhpycoB. I Kparnufi nc[xonorr{rrecr'rË cJroBapb.- M.: rloarrnagar, lggb. c. 280.
M.fl. 3n6nuqeea OAnuu rIB rJIaBHbrxrrpoqeccoB flaMffTu ,ffBJraercs3a' rroulrraune. 9ro npoqecc SaKperrJIeH]IffHosoË unQopuaqnfi . Sauouunanr.ieHoctrr uodlrparenrnrrfi xapaxTep. PasJrrrrIaK)THeflpofi SBoJIbHOeU [poIISBOJIbIIOe Ba[OMIltHaHIIe. HenpOuSBoJIbHoe BArrOMtIHaHue - oTo saIIOMIIIIanze 6es SApAHee[OcraBJlennofi rIeJIrI ]I BOJIeBbIX.yCUnUft. HaUpUM€P, [OCJre nporynKrl
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20
MoneumanbHu e npueMbr3anoMuHouun, lrlueuomexHuKa poseeôuuxoa MbrcJreHrrtrnr.BanoMr{HaHr{e, Koropoe ocyrqecrBJl8erCg 6ea EoHnMarrrfi cyrlr, SBJrSerCa MexaHr{llecKutrc. ocuncJlerrEOe 3AIIOM]IHAHIIe OCHOBbIBAeTCfi Ha IIoEuMaHuu MaTepr& aJra ï BKrroqaer psA norfiqecKlrx ollepaquË, Korophre Mhr paccMorprrM c [oMorqbro cxeMbr ocMbrcJreHnoro 3aIIoMltHaurrs (uo M.B. fauego, 2008):
OcogHaHheqenh ganoMktHaHnA \ flonnuaHre cMbtcnaganoMhHalue \ AHaans Marepnana \ BHseneHne Hav1onee cyu{ecTBeHHbtx Mbtcfieil \ O6o6qenyre \ SanonanHaHhe ororo o6o6u{enran
Bceu rsaecTHa noroeopKan3apy6raruHa HOCyD,T.e. XOpOIltOOanOMHt4Tb,ganOMHt4Tbpag ]l
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21
M.fl. 3n6nuqeea fIOXaAareJIeM 1IpOIIHOCTII SaIIOMI{HaHIIfi sBJIaeTCff BOerrpOr{BBeAeHIIe - 11poqegc IISB;IeqeHIIfl uB [aMffTI4 o6paBOB 11peAMeTOB, BOCIpIIHI{MaSM6I1 cKoJrbKo ypoBHeft
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22
MouesmanbHue n
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CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: Mapr | 954 r. Bueutuss pasBe,qKaBosnaraercs Ha llepaoe l-naeuoe ynpaBneune (l1lT) Kounrera rocyA,apcrBeHHoù6e_ sonacHocrn npu CM CCC?. .Iro6rr cpaBgrrrË arlr ABa [poqecca Bocr'po'BBeÀerr]rsyBHaBaHwev BocrroMlrHaHrle'BbIIIoJIHurecJle,qyrculr{ e,qBa TecTa.
23
14.n. 3n6nutleea
Tecr aYgnagaHre QuryPrt Ba ogny MrrHyTy sAEOMHr{re@nrypbr, rrso6paxcennsre Ha prrrc.1. Sarerc IIepeBepHHTecrpaHrlrly rI Ha p}Ic. 3 nafi' qscro upaÀr{re aru $urypbl cpeg}r Apyrux. flogcuuraËre BIIJIbHbIX OTBETOB.
OO T + X A fl Puc. 1
I Tecr uplrBeÀeuno: gsquxrose,quqecruË croaapb tolroro 6uolora. M . , 1 9 8 6 .C . 2 1 9 .
pageedquxoe MoneumonbHue npuevu3anoMuHonun. Mueno'mexHuKa
Tecr aBocnponsBe,qenlte Onryprt Ba o,qrryMunyry BarroMnrrreSnrXpru, lroo6panrcerrxbreHa prcyrrxe 2, uepeaeprrrre crparruqy n uo rraMar]r napncyùre aru $nrlpbr B cerry KBaÀpara Ha puc. 4. Cpannure Barrïrr cxeMbrc puc. 2 u nogcurarafire qlrcJro [paBnnbrrbrx orBeroB.
UI !
r
VA Puc. 2
I Tecr rrpr{BeÀeuno: 9nqnxrorte,qllqecrnfi caonapËnuoro 6no.nora. M . , 1 9 8 6 .C . 2 1 9 .
25
lYI.fl. 3n6nuqeea
ODO o n T fl O ffi O I
+ A DX n Pnc. 3
26
MoneumanbHue npuevu3anowuHeuun. paæeôuuxoa MueuomexHuKa
Pnc. 4
27
ful.tl. 3n6nuueea fIoAgeAeM rlroru recra. Cxopee Bcero, KoJlrittlecrBorrpaauJlbnbrxorBeroB B rrepBoM recre (na ysnaBanue) 6rrno 6onrure, qeM Bo BropoM rrepBororecra 6rtno (ua aocuoMr{Iraulre),u Ha BbInoJrHeHue Barpaqeno Merrbrrreycrl.nttfr, veu rra BblnoJrrreurIeBToporo. Eru pegyJIbTaTbIerqe paa IIoArIepKrIBaroT'rITo yguaBa' Hr{eaBJIffeTCs6ônee[pOcTbIMenOCo6ouBOcrrpOuBBeAeHIIff' qeM co6crBeHHoBocllpor3BeAeHue,urvr BocrroMuHaHne. CoaepweHHoceKperHo: klpna 1978 r. nfy KF6 npn CM CCCP nepenMeHoBaHoa nfy KfE CCCP. Bce, qro qeroBen BarloMunaer, co BpeMeHeMrrocrerrenno ga6srraercg. SadrrBaulre - oro rrocreflennrrft npoqecc, rcoroprtË xapaxTepr[Byercff yMenbruenr{eMBoaMorrcIIOCTU npUnOMLIHaIIU,I
II BOCIIpOIISBeAeIIIIA 3âyUgHHatt
Marepr,raJra.To ecrb gadsrsantî.e- sro flpoqecc, o6paruuË aanoMuuauulo. Ba6usauue Molrcer rlpoffBJlsrbcfi B BcnoMr'urrbulrfti AByx ocnoBuËrxQopuax : HeBosMolrcHocrbK) ga6rrsauue) unw HeBepuoeBocrroMurranue yonarb (no.nnoe uJrrr yBHaBaHIre(vacruvnoe ga6ËIsaxlre).
AMHegnq- HapyueHhe naMsrl4, Bo3HnKaloqee nopæKeHrsxMo3ra. Pagnh\ta}orgBa npH pa3nhl{Hbrx ocHoBHblxBhÂaaMHe3nn- perporparqHyloH aHTeporpaAHylo. npn perporpaAHoù aMHesnhh3 naMflrn auinagaor AHH,MecsLlbln .qæKeroAbl, npeAluecrByor4tle 3a6oneBaHup.AnreporpaÂHaeaMHe3ilR
28
{t
MoueumanbHg!9 npuequJnnoMuH0uun, paeeeôuuxoe MxeuomexHuna
xapaKTepnsyerce BbtnarqeHueM HgnaMernco6urufi , npoucxop3u{t4xHenocpe4crBeH Ho nocJresa6oneeaHÂn.Iïo xapat$epy ranQoplaat1;nn, Koropyto6onuHofi ne Moxer BcnoMHl4Tb, pasrilqator penpogyKrlr4oHHyto aMHe3nlo- HeBoSMOXHOCTb BCnOMHHTb B qrcflo, Hprnulfi MoMeHT AAry, HMR,TepMHH,onpe,qeneHne, QurcaqhoHHyto aMHegHo - HeBogMox'Hocrb ganoMuHarbreqyque co6urrs.
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: Hondpal99l r. Bueu uns pagBeAKa cTaHoBnrcn caMocronrenbHHM op raHoM,BbtBo4t4Tce ns cocraaaKI-Su nepeuMeHol*Baercfl a Qenrpananyacny>r6ypasleâ,KuHCel CCC4.
OcHoeHble Bng,bl naMgrtl Cyulecrnyer HecxoJrbro xnaccu$nxaquft BrrAoBrraMaTu. c ognofi lrg KJraccusuraquft - rro aarroM]rrrarruro(upotlSBOJrbHAff Ir HellpotrSBoJrbHaff)- Mbr yECerroSHaKoMlrJrucb B trpeÂbrAyrrleMpasAeJre.K.uaccnQuxaqus raMfiTr{ IIo coAep]r(aHrrrc(uo xapaKrepy rcuxuqecxoË aKrrlBHOCTU) HACqITTbIBACT qCTbIPE TI[[A
r : -t
IIAMSTrI:
ABIITATCJIËIIYIO,
o6paanyro, cJroBecno-Jroruqecryrou aMorluonaJrbrryro. CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: 18 Aexadpn 1991 r. Cos4ana Cnyxâa aueuJneù pas*e4Kn poccuùcxoù
cDeaepaunn (cBp po). 29
3n6nuqeea M.fl. Sauovrunanvre, coxpanenure v BocrrporraBeÀenrlre paaJrnrrubrx,qnulrceuuft cocrasJrfl er ocnoBy ABrrrare.nrrrofi naMffTrr. 9ror B?rArraMsrrr npoffBJrffercJr B TpyAonoË, upo]raBoAcrBeunofi 4eareJrbuocrur v fiBJrflercs 6aaofi ÀJrff QopurapoaaHrrff TpyÀoBbrx HaBbrKoB, a raxlne xo4r6rr, nucbMa lI r.A. Eeg rraMffTrr Ha ABr,rxceurrfiqeroBery npuu"nbcr 6u xaxcgrrË genr sauoBo )ruurbcs Bbr[oJrnsrb olpeÀeJreunrre 4eficrBrrs, HarrpfiMep, ]rqr{Tbcs xoAr{Tr. PfueHHo ÀBLraTeJrbHaff IIaMsTb rroSBoJrfleT nprarrHcTy HrpaTb My3ËrKaJrbHbIe rrporraBeÀen]rs 6ea Hor prJrr4e uoruofi TeMHore. Jfto4lr, y Koropbrx npeo6laÀaer
ÀBrrrareJrbrrafl rram.flTb, Jr1nrrrreBaIOMIIHaIOT TeKCT, 9CJI}I[pOr{JIrr erCI BCJr}rXr,rJrlrnepefrvrca]ruI.
CoaeputeHHoceKperHo: nOCOnbCKUn 1PUKAS - nepBuù s Poccun caMocrosrenuuaù rocyAapcrBeHHbtù opran, ae,qaeutnù BceMn BonpocaMn Mex4yHapoAHbtxorHorxennù. Ou 6arn coe,qau Lleauou [-posHbtM(lV) a 1549 r. ,Qo coaAaHun lI oconacKoro np n KagaAu nno Mar n Ltec Ku e Ao KyMaHTHxpaHunhcb BMecre c uapcxoù xasuoù. B ror nepuoq pasnnqnù uex
tro 3i:trlovrrgrrlre o'6paaoB pauee BoclrpunlrMal rlrux cE rlp€JlteroB, sqqes'rË trptrpoÂbr, KapTprH )nrIaI{rI. B BaBncrxoertl clr lom, rryBcrB Boctrplrnrrtlalore.E oûrerrg rtlT Ilyro uavaTb ocgaareJbn)-ro,
Ëanitru oprauoM g-q:errrrff, o6paeEr qfieJLE]-ro, ciryxoByro,
uo.trpa3Je-aEllt o6oe.n'e.lruyn,
x,
E
cog:rc.
MoneumanbHu e npuevH 3anoMuHauun. MxenomexHuKapazeeôuuxoe JlroAsru c upeo6ta,qaurreMapurnenwtoît.naynrrra neo6xoÀrrMo Br{Asrb garroMtrrraeMyrouuSopuarlfirc B BrdÀe,HanprrMêp, Harrucauuono rexcra. Korga onrlr BocrrporraBo4ffTrrroTO IIO rraMsTr/r,To MbrcJreHHoBuArrT sprrTeJrbnrrËo6paa u qraTarorero. Oco6enno xoporuo BprrreJrbua.firraMsrb paaBuTa y xyÀolrcrrlrron. Irïssecruo, 'lroIL.IL Jlenrran uo na6pocKaM, c4enarrnbrMJreroM, Mor guMofi Boccoa4aBarbHa rroJrorue Kaprrrnbr npupoAbr. Xy4oxcurrK [xc. PeËHonr4c flrlcaJr [opTpeTbr IIo IIaMfiTrr, Jrrrrnb]r31qs3 B TeqeHueHeKoroporo BpeMeurr[oarlpoBaBrrreroeMy qeronexa. O4xaxcgu QpaxrlyocxoMy xy4olicHrrxy frocrany Jhope nagareJrb uopprrJr cgeJrarbplrcyuor c SororpaSuu anruuËcrono Br{Àa. Arcpe yrrreJr,sadbrs Bssrb c co6où QororpaSuro, oAHaKoHa cJreAyroqnË 4enr rrprruec coBepruexno rorrnyro Korrrrro.
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: - oco*as KaH4ennpun, 1PUKASTAÙlHblXAEn cosÆaHHafl B 16il r. UapeMAnexceehnMnxaùnoenqeîû.gra cne4cny>x6a Ha.tanapadorara napannenbHo c floconacKnMnpnKagoM.Ona Bgenana ce6s BcepasBepHBaTenbHHeQynruun. Taxnu o6pasou, BnepBHe6uno npegt pnHnrocrpyKrypHoews4eneHne At4rno Maruu u pasBe4Kn. B perynapuynnryffnKy cercpernoùnepenncKnBBo4ercnceKperHbrc wuQpat Ynpas&ieHB 1676r Xopomafl BpureJrbnafi rraMaTbnadtro4aercs ll y ruaxMarrrcroB. Llanecrno, rITo oArrg trg Br,rAarouluxca [raxMarncron XIX s. flo.nr Mop@u Mor rrparb BoceMbuapruË oAuoBpeMerrno,He rnaAa Ha rrraxMarrryp Aocry, a A. A.uexrlu rrpoBogrrn ceancbr oArroBpeuennoft [rpbr {BcJre[yrot na 30-40 4ocxax.
31
M.n. 3n6nutleea
t-lp utvrep3aMeqaren uuoft 3phren bHoÉ ruaxMarHo fi naMRThonncaH CreQaHola [eeÉrorr,t e nllJaxnaarHoù Hogenner. Fepofi erofi HoBennH- rqoKTop5. Mor no naMsn4Bocnpor3Becrh 150 ura,ruarHblxnapruil, cblrpaHHbrxgHaMeHhruMl4ulaxMarucraMh. nCnloft cBoero aoodpaKeHns q Mor Bocnpoh3Becrh B yMe uax-
crporofi onpeMarHyro AocKyraQrarypun 6naro,qapq .qeneHHocTnnpaBiln cpa3y xe MblcneHHooxBaTblBan eÂ,Ba nro6yro roru6nHaqh0. Tar onutrHuù MygblKaHT, nHcrpynaprlllo KaxAoro B3rneHyBHa HOTbl,CnbluJHT BCe fOnOCaBMeCTeor. H B OTRenbHOCTl4 MeHTa JIpAn c xoporueft cnyxoaoit' nanttarËroJIFrrre sanoMuHaror ry unsopMaqup, Koropyrc ycJlblrrlarv- B npoqecce BOCtrpO11gBeAeHII,fi OHfi O6u.rnO
BC1rOMIaHArcT He TOJIIKO
CMbrCJrTeKCTa, HO u IIHTOHaIIuIO, c XOtOpOfi 6rrn npOqIITaH 4auu6Ë
TeKcT. Clyxoaafi
IIaMsTr
s Hau6onrurefi
cTeIIeHIa
Moqapra onucblBalor IITO KOMrrOSlrrOpO6laToM, o ritcroplrro, rloBecrByroqyrc AaJr orJrlr.urofi cJlyxoBofi uaustrro. B rcHocrll Moqapt onapaaBura y MygbIKaHToB. Braorpa$rt
BaJrcff n Pnvre u ycJIbIIIIaJI B Co6ope Cssroro flerpa 9-ronocnoe flecnoneuue lperopllo A.nnerpu Miserere. BoanpaTr{BrrrugË gOuOfi, OH BaIIUCaJInO IIaMfiT}I 3TO COquHeHUe' ffBJrsBIIIeecg codCtseuuocrbro uancxofi Ka[eJIJIbI ]I sanperrleHHoe K KorrupoBaHrlro. PaccnagrtBalor, tITo rtTaJlrnxcxufi
KoMrlogrrrop Poccu-
nu nro$nJl pagbIIpbIBATb;rrO4efi, He SHaBIIIux o ero BSJMKOlreunofi rraMsrfi. Tax, HarrprlMep, rrocJle roro' xax Qpaxrlyst
llaeûz C. Co6panuecoquneuÈfi: B
32
UKOp13sedqn KOI 3OnOMUHOHUil. MHeMOmeXH
cn*rir, soar A.nribpen Mrocce upoqelr Earrucannoe rrperqbr4yqefi HorrbrocrraxorBopeurrfi n 60 crpox' Poccnrul l]oBToprrJr EIO CJIOBO B CJIOBO, CKASAB'
IITO CJIbIIuAJI
ATII
CTTIXU EIqC
B
AercrBe. Arrarrorrnrnrrft cn]t raË orrucarr n n 6uorpaQrul eaMetrareJrÉrroncpyccKoro IluarlrltcTa r{ KoMrrosrmopaceprea PaxrrarmrroBa. ORna.lrcAur TaneeBy,qon)rcen6rnr rrpuexarË lnasynon, uro6rr cËrrparb roJrbxo rITo Ha[rrcarrryro trbecy. flepeÀ ert) [prrea.qoM Tanees ctrpffTarl n 4pynoË KoMHare PaxnnannrroBa - Tor.qa cryAexta KorrcepBaropuu. rlepea r{exoropoe BpeMa rrocJleroro, rcax InagyrroB BarcoEtIr{JIrrrparb, PaxuanuuoB ceJrBa poJrJrbu [oBToprlJr [oJrrrocrbro ero cJIO)KrrOe COIIIIIIeIIIIe,
IIe rIMefi
HoT, -
JIrIIIË
UO CJr]rJry.
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: npUXnA - opraHnaaunn,co1PEOEPAXEHCKWÙ\ BpaaAaHHafl[TerpomI Ms 6opa6wc BHWqaHHUMU raMn rocy4apcrBa(xontppasaegxa).B nepnoq MexAy nnKBu4auneùs 1572r. onpuqHnHHn cos4aHueM a 1697 r. llpeodpaxeHcKoronpuKasaa Poccuu He cnyxdu "raùuoù cwecrBoBano ueHTpannsoBaHHoù nonnuuu". Ilpnxas npocyluecr*oBanrpn4qarb ner, a 1699r. nnKBuAupoBaH V ncex mogeË AoBonbuoxopomo pailBtrra r[ BprrreJrËEa^a, r cnyxoBag lraMffrb. Teu Ee Merree,KTo-rlo n5nrme BarroMrrrraer ry rrgQopMar{ûro, Koîopyro ycnbrlrraJr, a KTo-To ry, Haupnnnep,qacrb cry4errroB Jrfrme BarroKoropyro )rBrr,qeJr. Mrlrraer Marepualr, paccraaasnblfi upetroAaBareJreMrra nerB Vrlefi11uxe. {Il}l, a qacTË - To, rITo 11poqv1TaJrtl. finn roro.rro6rr Bbr.ficrrrlTb,KaKaff traMsrË upeo6.nagaet y Bac, BbrtroJrrrurecne4ylorquË îecr. 2 3n6nraqeeaM. A
33
3n6nuqeea M.fl.
Tecr rrCnyua.o nnn Bnxfrl 1. ClyxoBaa [aMsrb. floupoczre BarrreroApyra uporrr{TarbcJre,qypquËpsg cJroB: ,[npnxa6nu flauna fl6noro Kapangar.u l-poea Yrra O6pfr Menunrqa flonyrafi
r|ucror A reuepb galtrrrur{Te cnoBa, Koropble Bbr BarroMnr{Jrr{, n ra6a. 1. Cneprre BarrucarrrrbreBaMrrrcnoBa co crrxcrcoM, troAcrrr,rrafire qrcro upaBlrJrblrblx orBeroB.
CoeepueHHo ceKperHo: TAnHAn KAHUEngPng - cosAaHaB tTtg r. B cucTeMe rocy4apcTBeHHoro ynpaBneHne oHa BHnonHena Qynx4uu nonnruqecKoro paccne4oBaHue (cucxa). CosaaHHaflA,nnBeAeHnecneAcrBnn no Aeny uapeBuqa Anexcen llerpou I , oua Haxo4nnacbnoq nnqHbtMKoHTponeMUape, KoropHù cau HepeAKo npnHuMan yqacrne B ee pa6ore. OrAenenne KaHuenspnu pacnonaranocb B |lerep6ypre, a l-lerponaBnoBcxoù Kpenocrn. Ee orqeneHne ras.e pa1orano a I Cnncru cJroB rrpnneÀeuËr so: Pe;l;ari.w xsrt)Àrr E3yqerna rrqrffir. AuarHoqruqecxre
æ
T-A- Mttrmo
[email protected] X-, 2OO3. C. 33.
Moneumonbnue npuewu3anonuHonun. pozeeôuuxoa MuenomexHuna
Mocxae.B 1826roqyTaùuan KaHuenf,pus6una nnKBn4npo*aua.Ha ee Mecre 6una cog4aHaKanuennpnn raùnwx pogbtcKH*xA,en. 2. SpureJrbuasrraMsrb.flpourrafiTe crrrcorccnoBogrrrr pao rpo ce6s: Cauoner LlafiHrr 6a6oqra Horn Cee.{a Ta.{ra XypHan MaurnHa Cron6 Spenuo cnona BarrururlTecJroBa,KoropbreBbI garroMrrrrJrrl, B ra6a. 1., cseprre Barrru aallucu co cnucKoM cJroB, Ilo,qcq\4raËre qrrcJro trpaBrrJrbrrbrx orBeroB.
CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
TAnHAg eKCnFAnUng - cos4aua6atnanpn Cenare B 1762 r. B uee nepeunu Bce KoHrppasBeAHBarenbHwe Qynx4uu. Ann 6opa6u c uHocrpaHHuMn areHTaMneKcne4uuuflBBenan cTanaeeeercuano ncnonbsoBarbuHcrurg ocBeAoM nreneù æ py6exon. Llepes Hnx, .
35
3n6nu4eaa M.fl. Ta6tuqa I Cnlxoeafl naMflTb
3pnrenuHafl naMflTb
Llucno npaBhnbHbrxorBeroB
fIoAneAeM urorr
recra.
Ecn*r BËI BanoMHrIJrr46o.rrme cnoB Ea trepBoro ctrrrcxa, To y Bac [peo6nagaer cJryxoBag rraurrb, a ecJrr{ EB BTopoIO - sprrTeJrbHa.fl.
CoaepweHHoceKperHo: OCOE\IU KOM4TET. Taùnas oKcneAnr+4snpeKparn na cBoe cwpcrBoæHne c nptuo4oM Ha npæron AnexcaH4p l. Ee QynKWH 6unn neæa,aHu flepaouy u [1nToMyAenapraMeHTauCenara. Ho ua,taBunect HanoneoHoBcxne eoùuu norpefuænH nepæMorpa aceù cncreM H pa3BzAHærenbHoù n xonrppg BzAHBarenbnoù pa6orw. B flHBape 1807 r. co34aeræ Oco6aù xoMnTeTAns PCCrlrOTWibtsAelTnOnWTWneHnsM, <
36
Monenmanffi u e npuenu sanon uuauun. li uenomexnuxa pos eedquxoe
Tecr rrGnoaecxulÛ nOPrPerrl
II
Dror recr rrogBoJrrrr orle'rrrb, rracroJrb*o xopoûo y Bac pasBr{Ta splrreJrbrras IIaMsrb. Bu6epure treJroBeKa, xoroporo Bbr BrrArlrreKarrcArrË4exr, r rrocrapaËrecb co-
l I
cTaBr{Tb onucallfie
I
Pocr (ovenu aarcorcuû.,6blcotcu.it,aanue cpeùrueeo,cpe/ruuû., Huntcecpeùneeo,nugrcuû, ovevb ruusrcuû)
t
ero BHerrrHocTrI.
Bec I{ner Bonoc ,{.nzxa BoJroc( ùnurunwe, rcopotnrcu.e, unu omcrmcrnsynn ) Ecrr JrrlrJrbrcuna? (a aanneutuvbt ,ceJnnpoepotsenaû) (Dopua nuqa ( ônunnoe, rcpv?noe,onalLbvoe,rceaùpamnoe ) Ecrr Jrr[ Becuymxn? @oplra .u6a ( aatcotcuit,,nu.ercuû;nnocrct^ttt,, eurnyrcnatû) I Boupocrr recTa cocraBrerbr uo: caonecrrrË uoprpe-r / / ?a4",xaoneÀua ucrxorrôru.recxnx rscroB. - M.: gKcMo-npecc, lggg. c. 444-4g0.
37
3n6nuqeaa M.tl. I{ner rnaa -
I
I {
(Dopua dponeft ( npnnate, ôyeoodpaavble,Hllsrcue, autcorcue) ,{runa pecnrrq ( rcopomrcue,AJruttnate) Paauep ry6 (yarcue, wuporcue) (Dopua nepxueft ry6u ( ôey xeeptuurrtro,n, oùnoaepu.unnaa ) (Doprrrauo,q6opogKa ( rceaùparnnatit,c ,NJoweoû,,ôaoi.tttott.,nnocrcutt. aatôa' nt4uitca, nnocrcuit.) Paauep yureft ( manenarcueuJLu6oawaue) flporconorbl JIII yuru?
naB 1879 r. AnuQoHcSepruirrou- cnlDKauluÉ pr4xcKoùnonut4nu,paspa6oran Mero,qugentwQuna rt4arenbHoM143MeKaqnhnloAefi,ocHoBaHnufi peïuu qenoBeqecKoro norera. Bcq coeoKynHocrb Merp'rqecKLlx nyqeHHbrx AaHHblxBHochnacb3aTeM Kaproqqy.Tarxe oH pa3pa6oran B nepcoHanbHyto 38
pazeedau xoe Mnenome)Hu,Q npuerruSanowuHouun. MoneumanbHb,e
,MeroAcnoBecHoronoprpera, 3aKnoqatoqnÉcse onncaHru BHeulHeroBu,qaqenoBeKa,oAexÂH, rononoxeHug,ulpaMoB,poAt4HoK, JIOCa, COqHanbHOrO raryr4poeox.CnoaecHuùnoprper Ao ct4x nop LrcnOn h3yeTCq B Kpl,lMl,lHanl4CTnKe.
Ea BKyc (arcycoflausm rra salraxw (o6ottfl.lrrenbrr.un), pasBrrra o6rr.rno B MenbrrreËcrenesu. O,qnaro y He6afl) Koropbrx aro4eË orra MoJrcer6tlrr ne4yu1efi cpe4rl Apyrnx Brr,qoBo6paanoË narvr.sru. Haupuuep, y ,qerycraropoB' cueqrraJrrrcroBrro qaro, auaroxoB Britn,uapQtoltepoB rr r.A. OcaaarneJlbnoa rraMarb rarrre o6rr.ruo uJroxo paaBrlra y g,qopoBbrxnrogeË, Ho V cJlerrbrx uMeHHo aror BrrA rraMfiTrr 6rrnaer orregb xopomo pagBrrr. CoeepweHHo ceKperHo:
nOMnHnCTEPCTBA ocosEHHAnKAHUEnnPnq nn4Wn. era xau\enepue AeùcrBoBana napannenbHo c Ocoduu KoMnreroM KaKopraH nonnruqecKoro pos*cKa. Eù npe4nucbtBanocb Be4arb KAenaMn no BqÆo McTByn HocTpaHueBn SarpaHnqHHM nacnopTaMr" - 6Op* KrlercypHoù peBngueù,' n KAenaMuOCO6HMw,, fuù co unnoHæKeM. llpexparnna cgecrBoBaHne KaK caMocrosrenauuù opraH B 1819 r. (nepeeeAeHa B MunncrepcrBo BHWpeHnnx Aen). II n nayruoft, r[ B xyAorrecrBessoË nuteparpe ouncan sQQerr cuv.ectnesuû, npoaanarorqufica y aro4eft co cJlrrlrrKoM crrJrbrro paaBrroË odpaanofi rraMarbro. fIoA TepMrrHoM rroBbrlueEEa.firryBcTBImeJIb3crrEecîeSrrsr noApaS]4ueBaerlc.ff HOCTb,KOrAa, EarrprrMep, 3ByK, EapffAy co cJryr(oBbrMolr{y-
39
3a6nutqeea M.fl. qeErreM'
BËI3ËrBagr qBeToBoe' BKycoBoe otrIyqeEve \rlrEt OIqYIqCHI{E IIPITKOCHOBEIITIff.TArCrNr"r
:
TeMrro-Kopr,{qrreBoe, cxrtroJrrfpoaaErroe fl. B oeaecoË rpytrrre 6yrcnrr JI, H, O, X, E upe4craBJrsror, B eroM rropfiAre, AoBOJTbHO 6"rre4xyro pJ/relv rr3 BepMr.mreJryr,cMoJrerrcKgfi lcarrrl{, MrrrrAaJrbrrorT)MoJIoKa, cyxoË 6ynrcn ï rnng4groro xne6a. Myrrrux rrpoMerr]r'rormbrx orreuron o6paayror KJrrrcropHoe rI, rryrrrzcro-cr{3oe III rr raKoe Jr(e, Ho c [por$eJrrbro II{. flepexoAJr K crrertpy, HaxoAr.rM: rcpacgyro rpyrmy c BrrruHeBo-rcupnurrrlbrM B (ryqe, ï{eM B), poaono-$nanelenrru M Ibynrry
rr po3oBaîo-TeJrecHËrM (vyrr NceJrîee, ueu v) B; rrcenryro rpyrrly c op€lllrrceBuu itr, oxpflEËrM E, uarrearuu ,{, cBerJro-IlaJreBbrM H, aoaou{crbrM v u aaryneBbrM IO; aeneuyro rpyfiry c ryarrreBbrM fI, urr.nrHo-oJrbxoBËrM (D r.r llacreJrËHrrrr T (nce 9To cyme, rreM vrx JrarIIHcKr4e o,qEo3BYqvts.); u, rraKoHer{, cullroro, uepexoAffrqyro n suoneroBoe rpyfiny c ]rcecrsHbrM C, qepHr.urbHbrM K u dtecrsule-crïpe-
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cryx,l B. Ha6oxoBa pac[pocrparrfiJr cs. prga roJro-
I Hadorcoa B. fuynae depera / / c;o6rp'"ne coqr{Hegr{li: B 4 r. -
T.4. C.r46-r47.
40
M., 1gg0.
ca Jrro,qeË:c...40 er{x trop cnbrrrry ero qepEoSeMEO-rUIIIIAcrrrË 6ac...r1 9QQercr cunecresvtt on*rcarr r{ n pa6ore A.P. Jl1ryuu eManrenu(a^ffKrrnncra o doarmofi uauarur, KOTOpastrocBffuIeIIA OIIUCAErIrO UCcJreAosaHuË @nouenaJrÉgoË nausrrr rreroero qeJroBera - TIr., KaK HagbrBaer ero caM aBTOp. cKaroË y Bac xenrrrfi n paccËru.rarrrË roJIOCD,-
CKA3&IIOH KAK.TO dCCCÀONANIIIEMY C IIITM JI.C. BrrIOTCKOMY. CA SOr ECTË JIIO,4I{, KOTOPbIE PASTOBAPITBAIOT KAIC-TO MEOrOrOJrocO, Koropbre orAaroT rlenofi KoMrroSr{_ queË, 6yrerouoro - rogoprn orr rroSAHBê, - raxofi noJroc 6rr.rr y uorofiuorp c.M. DfigenurreËEa, Karc 6y4ro Karcoe-rlo rrJraMa c xcuJrKaMr,rEa,qBrrraJrocb Ea MeEg...r 2 VI ecn]9.,IIoBI'TISTMOMY,B. HA6OKOBY CI{EECTES'IAHE MEIIIAJIA, TO CITHE. cresr{u III. âarpyArreru! sarroMrrEaHrre IInQoprraaqI{II: e ...BEarraJre Bcraer qBgr noJroca' a IIoroM oE yAalrsgnca BeAb oE Merrraer... Bor Karc-To cKaaaJr cJroBo - ff ero BrrrKy, a ecJrlr BÀpyr trocropoHnzfi rrcnoc - froffBJrsrorca trffTHa. Brpa,qrrBarorca cJroru, r I yrre Ee Mory paao6parr...ra
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: KOnnEfUg WHOCTPAHH\\XAen - oAnH ns opra_ HoBrocy4apcrBeHHoroynpa*neuus. CoaAaH a Hapn4y c A,pyruMn,saMeHuBuuMu npuKas* s 1717_1721rr., llerpom l. I'lo ceHarcKoMyyKasy or sl aBrycra lrlg r. Konnernu BMeHçrnocb B odnsauuocrb Becrn perncrpaqup BcexnHocrpaH4eB, npuesxaptuux a poccnù_ cKyrouMnepnp, a TaKXeBHAaqanacnopToBrpaxqa_ nau Poccnn, orbegxaptwnMga rpaHurlynns Annno_ I Hadorcoe8.,{pyme 6epera/ / co1pannecoqu'e'ufi: B 4 r. - M., rgg0. T.4. C. 146-t47. 'Ilntr. no: flcuxororra trauaru. M., 2000. C. l5b. 3 Tau xce.
41
M.fl. 3n6nutleaa MaruqecKoù, ToproBoù pa6oru, yqe6bt. Konnerns nocroflHHo co6npana Bce cBe,4eHneo6 nuocrpaHlJax. B nrcue 1718 r. eù BMeHenocaa odseaHHocrbraùuoe npoqreHue (nepnrccrpaune) acex nl4ceM, nocrynapt4nx n3-3a rpaHuubt. Crrosecuo-Jrorrrrecnag
traMgrb Bbrpatfiaercff B garroMrl-
rr BocrrporrsBeAerrrlt[rMbrcJIef, nouatuir, cJroBecHÉIx rreJroBex Soprvry.rrzpoBox. BaaroAaps groMy BrrAy rIaMflTrI
Harrrr
cnoco6en BarroMrilnarb Jlorufty Kaxoro-nn6y4b AoxaSareJrËcrBa, cMbIcJI rll{TaeMoro reKcra, cMbIcJI co6utprfi. Ecnu lre npoqecc BarroMrllraul,rff rrpoucxogut 6ee axTlrBxoro BKJrroqerrrlff MbrrrrJrenrrg, To flauffTb HaabrBaercg Mexaurrsecrcori.
Tecr allornqecKae lt MexaHnqecKaf,naMgTbDl crpaullrly' 1. flpourarafire 10 uap cJIoB,rrepeBepnrrre B fiape sarr[[ruTe BTopbrecJIoBa. cJroBaM IIo rrepBbrM Kyrna - urparb Iauna - Beqep l-pyua - KoMnor ilapoeos - exarb Kopona- MonoKo HepHuna- Terpa.q,b CHer- shMa Sa6oqxa- Mlxa KHura- yqnrenb l{erxa - sy6ut I Cnucxr croa np[BeAelrbr no: Pamouoe TA, Illnexrno H.Q.Ilcuxo4n- M., 2003. c. 36. MercAbI lro] reura rrtruocrû. araocrrqecrtre
42
MonenmanbHu e npuer',b,ganowuHanun. MuenomexH uKapazaedvuxoe
2. To rre caMoeupo4erafrreco BropbrucrrrrcKoM rrapcJroB. Xyr - Kpecno Cnuqa - cecrpa Pu6a - noxap [Jnnna - nqena Fornuxu - caMoBap - .qnBaH Myxorr,rop Kounac - rnefi l-paQux - 6paru Cnnqra - o6yeu Tepxa - 'r.qer Ta6nu4a 2 3ananue1 KyxnaJlaunal-pyua flapoaoaKopoaa9epxnnaGner6a6oqraKHrrallerra -
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fIoAneAeM rrrorrl Tecra. Banowurrarb[apÉI cJroBB trepBoM crrucre gxaq]rreJrblro rerqe r{MeHrronoroMy, rrro orrï JrortrqecKrl cBa3aHrr. ffaprr cJroB Bo BTOpOM CIIr4CKe He r4Meror raroË HAK)TCA CJION{EEE.
43
cBJrSr4 r[ BârroMr/t-
M.fl. 3n6nuqeea CoaepueHHo ceKqerHo:
ErOnM1EPATOPilt oTAEnEHnECO^CTBEHHOn CKO\O BEfl4'IECTBAKAHUEnflPnh.CoeaaHoB n,one 1826 r. Ha ocHoBe Oco6ennoù xautlenepnu Hnxonaeu l. BosrnaBnn ee A. X. 6euxeH4opf. Ouo 6amo gaAyMaHo KaKKBbtcuJagnonnuntu' n, B ornnqne or 6uauJnx po3btcKHbtxopraHoB, nMeno uupoKA pasBerBneHHyp cerb TeppnropnanbHbtx opraHoB B BnAe xaH4apMcKux noqpasqeneuuù. Ha lll Or4eneuue BoSnaranucb pasHonnaHotbte sa4aqn - opraHngaunfl nonnTu'tecKoro po3ÛcKa' npoBeAeHne cne4crBwçt no ,0,enaMo rocy4apcTBeHHbtx npecrynneHuex; ua6np4eHue 3a aHTunpaBnrenb' crBeHHbtMnopraHngaunnMnu orqenbHHMn o6qe' crBeHHbtMnAegTengMU; BbtcHnKa n ccilnKa <
MonenmonbHu e npueilbrJanoHuHouun. ll nenomexHuKopaseedu uxoB qeJroBeroM cBorrx tryBcrB u euoquË uporlrcxoArrT 6taro4aps alvlorlrloEâ.rrbEoft uausru. flepencuTbre n coxpanerrrrbre B rraMarrr rlyBcrBa oraaËrBaror 6o;rrSauournaxrre
[roe BJrrrgnrre ra SopurpoBauue Jrrrrtnocrr/l, fiBJlgrorcg naxcnefimrrM ycnoBneM AID(oBHoro paoBrrraa rreJrosera. 3atroMurraroTcs He ToJrBKo aMoqrlrlr, Eo r{ upeAMeTrr u co6rrTrlts, KoTopbre rrx BËrSbrBaroT.To, uro BbrSbIBaeT ! E€JroBê; Ka clrJrËIrÉre 9MoqrroEaJ[bEble IIepeIcrIBaErrS, EArIOMrrEaerca nyqure rr Ea 6oaee AJrrrreJrbrroe BpeMa.
CaaepueHHo ceKperHo: KOPnyC X
45
ia6nuqeeoM.ll. ror trogBrr4brBprrrenËnofi, cnyxoBoË, 4nurarenrxoË rr Apyrrrx Brr,qoBrraMsrR. Ero rraMarb na quQprr, 6yrnÉr, cJroBâ, qBera, Jrr{qa, prrrM, MeJro4r{rorr r.A. Hauprnuep, y oArrrrx arogeË B sprlTeJrbrrblxo6paaax npeodaa4aror qBeTa, a y Apyr[x - reoMerp]rqecrrre Szryprr, oAHu ryque 3alloMrrHarorquopbr, a Apyrue - 6yrnrr. CoeepueHHoceKperHo: ,qEnAPTAMEHTTOCyAAPCTBEHHOlz nOnWJUt/1. Horo MBA, qyÂaBoulno flogpaqAeneHhepeopraHrcoBaH c 1883 r. h npoulnoe lll OrgeneHhe,crano Ha3brBarbcs nonnqhn. OH sa.[enapraMeHroMrocy4apcreerlioÉ HhMarcgBceMnreMn xe BonpocaMr,3a HcKnpqeHrKOTOpae CTUInaOAHI4Mn3 rnaBeM KOHTppa3BeAKh, HHXno4pa34eneHnùl-naeFrorourra6a pyccroù apMnr4. Or4emro ocranoBnMcff na oco6oM BrrAe gprlreJrbrroo6paaaofi uausu{, Koropaa Hocrrr HasBaurreafigernuecrcoft naMffTu. 3Ë4eruaM - (aro cnoco6nocrb Hexoropblx uHArrBrrAoB(aftgeruxon) rc coxpauenr4r) rr BocnpouaBe,qeHr{roqpeaBbrraËso Jr(rrBoror4.qeranbrroro o6pasa BocrrpuEffTÉrxpauee rrpeAMeroBr[ crren)l. Bueprbre cucreMarr4rrecrcrrena6moAerrug sa aË,qeruraMrr 6rrau trpoBe.qegbr JI.C. Burorcruu. Ocodennocrrro eùAeruqecxoË uausru sBr.sercs cloco6nocrr rreJroBexaHa rrycroM axpaue Brr,qeTbrcapTrrrryfinlr npeAMeT,KoTopble paHee IraxoArIJIrIcb rrepeA ero rJraSaMtI. JI.C. Brrrorcxnfi oruelraer, .rro eftAeruqecKas rraMsTb ua6rrcgaercff y gerefi u rro4pocrrcoB, Ho rrnor4a, B Br{Ae I{CKJIIOIIEHITS,
COXPAESETCS
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46
1985. C. 40f.
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MonenmanbHue npuerlbt3anoMuHauun. MuenomexH uKa paseedu uxoa CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
"owAHI(An pfccKâe raùuan nonnu4e BpeMeHuM_ nepropcxoù fuccnn. Ocnoæuaeqe a enoxyllerya t. cau repMuH<
Tecr cEcrr nn y Bac sÉgerrqecKre
cnoco6HoGTn?nI
B re'reslre oÀEofi uunyru paccMarpunaËTe puc. 5, BalroMrtttalt, rracroJrbro BoaMorrcaotroApodnee, rITo Ea EeM EAplrcoBarro. flepenepurlre crpagr.rqy lr orMerbre, qero rreAocraeT lr qro Jlnruuee Ha puc. 6., rro cpaBrrenurc c upeAÉrgyrqr{M pucyrrxoivr (puc. 5). Sanecnre Barn'noTBerbrn ra6nnqy, a aareM trpoBepbre [paBr,rJrËrrocTbBbrrroJrrrerrHoro8a/larrl{ff . rlelr 6onrrue orn.gquir. Bbr rraruJrrr, TeM nyque y Bac pasB[Ta Oopaanas traMffTb ,[ TeM 60arrue y Bac cKJroEEocrË x eËgeu{qecxoMy Bocrrp]rffTrirtro. I Pucyarn .qna ryroaorecra BgarËr uszloxeso M_8., fionouenrco ILA_ Araac so rcuxororuu. - M., 2009. C. 16g.
47
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49
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3n6nuqeeo M.fl.
Ta6tuq,a 3 HeAocrapqne Aerant,l p14cvHKa
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t Mcno npaBgrnbHbrx orBeroB:
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: BOEHHHÛ A1EHT. l4ucrnryr BoeHHbtxareuroa 6un WpotqeH B 1810 r. Tor4a no yKasaHup BoeHHoro MnHncrpa Poccnn M. E. Ûapman-Ae-Tonnn sa rpaHutly B poccnùcxue noconbcrBa 6Hnn HanpaBneHbt nepBwe nocronHH*e BoeHHbrenpe4craenrenn. Ocuoauoù ux garqaLteùnansnocb BeAeHneareHrypuoù, pasBeq,btBarenauoù pa6orat. Ao6aH a BæKH btx ce Kper HHx cBe4euuù 6atna nocraBneHa Ha npoQeccnoHanbHyroocHoay. BueuHetflpasBe4KacrpyKrypno oQoptvrnçtercn B BoeHHoMBeÆoMcrBe.OguoepeMeHHoBonpocbt eueuueù pasBe4Kn raKxe ocraprcn npeporaruaoù Mnuucrepcr*a nHocTpaHHbtxÆen.
50
K.naccnÈrr*arIus aËAern recroË rraMsr' 6rraa upeAJrorrceHaB. ftenmeM rra ocEoBe rrccne,qonanufi, [poBê.{€HHbrx rrM BMecre c oparou E. Ërenmeu. v eT-rura, aËAeTITKOB (UO ArIA;TOTIIII
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tetanie) o6pasrr rrMeror orrerrb Bhrcoryro creregb croËroelvr, r4uorÀa npuodperas xaparTep rraBffoqnBocru. Àpyrofi ruu eËAeruron,
rrrle arrrx o6paeor. CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo: BOEHHO-WEH5\Û KOMUTE\. O6æ,æænnaù a tït2 r. npn I'naaHoM ura6e pyccxoù apMnu, oH Henocpery_ crBeHHo orBeqên sa dopa6y co unnoHæKeM. llpocytaecrÙoBan Ao HaqanaM, a, ,Q,annaùKoMnreT Heno_ cpe4crBeuuoù posbtcKHoù pa60roù ue saHnMêrncn. Ero pona sarutpqanacb B ocHoBHoMa c6ope n Were nnQopuaunn. Kounrer BnepBHe cran aKruBHo nc_ nonbsoBarb nHcrnrw <
51
3n6nuqeea M.n. CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
rEHEpAIt-KBA?T UpMEn CTEÆXns Cnyx EA.Bnep_ BHe B Poccnn o K*apTupMeùcrepcrcux quHax ynoMnHaerce e Ycraae 1698 r. Tor4a nu 6unu BBe,qeHHnonKoBHe KBaprupMeù crepu (corpygu u xu cne4uut tuoù cny>x6ar).B 1701 r. llerp lyreepgun AonxHocrb reHepan-KBaprupueùcre@. 9ry gonxuocrb saHen KHflsb A. O. Waxoacxoù. Ho nnuta e 1716 r. pasBe4HBêrrenbnaa padora npnodperaer npaBoByn ocHoBy. B xoeou nerpoBcKoM BoUHCKOM yCTaBepasBe4Ka noqqnHgerce re Hepan xæprn p u eùcre pc xoù cny>x6e. 11p u yt pex AeHnu Exarepuuoù il a 17ffi r. Fenerytauoro urafu a ero æcraB, KaKo4tfr ng BaKHH)(ttoppa44urcuuù, ætuna reHeryt -xæprupueùcrepcKae uryxfu . I-enepan-KBaprnpmeùcrep - nn4o, saBeAWUee oen4epaMu [-euepanbHoro wra6a u cneuuanauoù cnyx
52
pasaeàuuxoe Moneumanb+ue npuevuganowuHauun. MueuomexHuKo BoeHHoro BeAoMcrBa. l-naanyo ponb s4ecb carpano nopa)KeHue Poccnu a Kpawcxoù aoùue. B 1865 roqy AonxH ocr b re Hepan -KBaprnp u eù cre pa 6un a ynpasÆHeHa. Kopnyc ofuuUepoa cne4cnyxdtt l-enepanaHoro utrada 6am a ro BpeMfl HenocpeÆcrBeHHono4quHeH HaqenbHnxyl-naeuoro wraûat C 1892r. AonxHocrb reHepan-KBaprupueùcrepa cHoBaBBeAeHa,Ho TonbKoB pe4e BoeHHuxoKpyroz, a c 1890 r. u B [-naBuou rara6e. B ero Qynx4uu Bxo4,nnano4roroBnrenbHan pa6ora no BeAeHnp BoeHHbtxAeùcrauù u o6opoHe rocyAapcrBa. B 1905 r. BoeHHancnryauns noBropunacb (Kpamcxas aoùua - pyccKo-enoHcKafl aoùnQ. ero npnBeno x uoBoû peopraHnsaqun aceù paaBeÆHBarenauoù u KoHrppasBe4HBarenauoù pdorat poccuùcKux cne4cnyx6. B pananeùueM Bce nolqroToBKanWQeccuouanaHHx pagBeAttnKoBBoanaraercfl Ha l-euepanauaù ura6, xoropaù BBo,qur B cBoto nporpaMMy cnequanbuutù xypc raùuoù pasBq,Ku. B xauyu ITepeoù mupaoù aoùnu 1914-1917 rr. a poccuùcxoù pasBeAKe 6unn nWBeAeHH cyqecrleHH*e npeo1pasoBaHun. l4e cocraea Fnaeuoro urafu 6uno Bbr4eneHo l-naauoe ynpaBneHue (ll) I'enepananoro ura6a [W). B ueu n 6atno cocpqoroqeHo pyKolo4crBo aoeuuoù pasaegxoù. KouxperHo xe pwoBoAnn pasBeqxoù c 1910r. or4en reHeryt-xeaprupmeùcrere PfffiKBAP) Fnaauoro ynpaBneuns l-euepanbHoro wra6a. C uaqanoM aoùuat a geùcrayrcqyp apMuto 6una nepeBea,eHasHaqnren bHaf,qacrb oQ n 4epoa OI-EHKBAPa. B xo4e doeaux Aeùcrenù opraHnaauun paaBeqKu coBep u eHcr BoBanac b c W eroM np uodperae Moro onHTa.
53
3n6nuqeaa M.fl.
K nauuty l9l7 r. areHryHan cerb eoeunoùpasBe4Ku qeTKopasAenunacbc weToM BunonHf,eMbx3aAaq. @op u n poaaau nct xax4eùcraeuuaù uHcrpyMeHr ro pyccKanp3cy4apcrBeHHoto n æ)eHHoro MexaHnsMa, BeAKaK KOHUyneTA TOrOXe rOAa He CMOrnanonHocTHopean naoB€rrbcBoux BosMoxHocreù. Hacryn aBu ae HoBas gnoxa rpedoaana ugMeHeHnfl aceù cucreMbt pasBe4Ku n KoHTppasBeAKu.Crapoe npaBurenbcrBo we Huqero He Morno c4enaTb, Ho8,oeeup AonxHo 6uno po4btræn. KpaucorpeMennaa naMarb xaparTeprrsyerca orrenb KparrrrM coxpaaerrueM unQopuaquu - or rrecroJrbrctrx ceryrrg ,qo EecroJrbrrrx Mrln)rr. 9ro uaurrrb rra roJrbKo qro MunyBrrree co6rrrue, n neË Morrcer xparr[Tbcrr orpaHuqeuxoe KoJrltqecrBonnQopuaquu. Aas xaparTeprrcrrrrcr aroft oco6ennocrrr KparroBpeMennoft uausru llctroJrbByxlr rarcoË rroraaareJrb, rcax o6seu. B cpeAEeMorr paBen 7*2. O6reu KparrcoBpeMerrgoË uausru orpe,qeJrsercfiKaK qucno eArlrlrq uuQopuâr(trlr, KoTopoeqenoBex Molrer rorlEO BOCtrpOssBeCTrr CIIyCTArrecKonbKo AecfiTKOBCeKyrrA rocJre Bocrrpr.rffrnsuuQopMa\uu.
l]o-erAnMoMy, To, rtro B KparKoBpeMeHHofi naMqTt4MOXeTXpaHhTbCe OrpaHhqeHHoeKonnqecTBo r.rHQoprvran.1.:t vl, B cpeAHeM ycnoeHo paBHoe ceMh, 6uno naBecrHo B AaBHre BpeMeHa..Q,ocrarovno BCnOMHT4Tb CeMb qyAec CBeTaB ApeBHeMMUpe. 4n0pa ceMb Bcrpeqaercs vI Bo MHorux pyccKr4x nocnoBLrqaxu noroBopKax:
54
MoneumanbHu e npuewu 3anonuHaxun. MuenomouuKapaæeàuuxoa
Ceruupa3 orMepb - ogr,rHoTpexb. Ceuu 6eR - ogr4HorBer. Ceuepo o,qHoroHe xAyr. Cer'runsrHr4rlHa HeAene. Ceuu ns,qeùeo n6y. Ceguuafl BoAaHa Kncene u r. A. He cnyvaûnou qucnoqnQp a 6onuulhHcrBe co- 7. Houep ne BpeMeHHHx reneQoHHulx HoMepoB ceMn qrQp qenoBeKganoMuHaer.qocraroqHoxoporuo,a Bor npu yBenuqe*nl qhcnaqHOpB HoMepe 6es ganucHoùrxnxxr,i yxe ne o6oftTr4cb.
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: LIK - Llpesaanaùuas KoMnccns no 6opt6e c KoHrppeBon,ouueù n cadoraxeM. CoaercKae opraHusaunn, orBeqapqan ga rocy4apcrBeHHyto 6esonacHocrb c 1917 no 1922 r., sareM 6ama nepenMeHoBaHaa BiK (Bcepoccnùcxyto .lpesaataùnyo Kotqnccnn), a c 1923 r. - e l-nY. OdpaeoaaHHanno yKasy B. 14.IleHnHa, oHa BnnonHf,na unnuueùcKne n pagBeAHBarenbHwe Qynrunn. BosrnaBnn ee O. g. ,Qeepxnncxnù. Cua,aanaa Heù pa6orano A,Ba4uarb rpn qenoBeKa, a K cepe4une 1921 r. ona We HacqnrHBana rpwuaTb oAHy Twcnqy qenoBeK, oKono cTa copoKa Tbtce.tcon4ar auyrpeuunx aoùcx n 6anee AeBsHocra rbtcett norpaHnqHnKoB. llpn .IK-BLIK 6unu cos4aHu kluocrpauuaù or4en (aueutunn pasBeAKa), a raxxe Oco6aù or4en Ane BeAeHufl KoHrppasBe4b,Barenbnoù padorH u odecnerteHnn napruù no- non uruqecKo ro KoHTpaneB pe4ax coBeTcKnx BæpweHHHX cnn.
55
jndnuqeeaM.fl.
Tecr aO6r'ennBatueË KparKoBpeMeHHofi naMeTlr)) flonpocrre IOJIO'KCIIIIbIE
Bârnero Apyra trporrr{TarË ps4br qr[ùp, pacHTI'KC.
flocne nporrreurrfi Ka)rcAoropffÀa Enùp, Bafiuurure B ra6r. 4 re r1u$pbr, Koropbre Bbr BarroMnrrJrr[. flponeprre trpaBlrJrbrrocrb BatroJrrrerrubrxBaMrr quôp ToJrbKorrocJreuporrreuus [ocJre4rrero pfiAa rlr4Qp. Odseru KparxoBpeMerrnoË uanrsrr.r 6yger paBerr rrr{cJry quQp B oAHoMpfiAy, B noropoM Bbr He c4enaJrnouru6xr. Hanpuuep, Bbr fipaBrrnbno Boc[porrsBeJrrrquQponue pfiAbr c 1 no 4, a n pffAy N! 5 cAenaJru ouu6xy. O6telr saûeft KparroBpenaennoft rraMffTrr 6yger panen 7. Pngu L{r4Op 1) 6 4 2 I 2\31759
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3) 2 6 0 4 5 3 4) 8315702 5) 213 7 5 0 6 4 6) 5 7 4 2 3 1 6 0 8 7)4936875',t20 Tadnuqa 4 peÂa Horraep 1
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5) 6) 7\ 56
paæeduuxoe MuenomexHuKa npuewu3anonuHouua. MoueumanbHHe KparrconpeMennas traMsrb rrrpaer orpoMnyx, ponb B )rctrgrru rreJroBera. Iluenrro 6.naro4aps eË .re"uoBer crroco6en uepepadarrraarr 6onsmofi o6teu urQoprvrarurx, orceuBas HeEylnEyro II ocraBJrss neo6xo.qr{Myro.Ii[nQopvarIr{a rra KparroBpeMennofi rraMffTrr Moïcer nu6o fiepexo4llrr B an6o aadrrsarbcff . ,qoJrroBpeMeHHylo, CoeepueHHoceKperHo: Ofny - O6aeanHeHHoe rnanHoe nonurn.tecKoe ynpaBneHue. 6uno coqqaHo a | 922 roqy u npopa6orano Ao 1934 r. npn Coaete Hapoguux Komwccapoe CCCP. llpeguaeHaqanocb A,neoxpaH* rocy4apcrBeHHoù 6esonacHocrn. foxoaoguno pa6oroù l-flY cotosHbtx pecny1nux. Bxnpqeuo a HKBA n nepenMeHoBaHoB l-naeuoe ynpaBneune roc6esonacHocru. B HeM 6an cos4an KonrppagBe,qbrBarenauuù or4en (KPO) (aaqeneH ue cocraBa Ocodoro orq,ena). Paepa6orannas KPO cncreMa Mep npeqynpexAeHun n npecelteHns noqpbtBHoùAerenuHocrn nHocTpaHHbtxpasBeîq,oKHa TeppuTopuu n BHe rpaHu\ CCCP coxpaHsna cBoe sHaqeHne Ha npoTflxeHnu MHornx Aecernnernù. B 30-x ro4ax Ofny Bce qaqe cTano npuBneKaTbcsK peraeHnp BHWpeHHuxn .laue Bcero nonnruqecKux aa4aq, coBepueHHo He caoùcrBeHHbtxpa3BeAKen KoHTppasBeAKe. Ouo, no cqn, npeBparnnocb B Kaparenbnwù opraH, ocyt4ecrBnnfl , KaKcneAcrlbre, pacunpeHne BHecyq,eduaxnonHouortuù opraHoB 6esonacHocTu. ?IuQoptvtar{rlrrrB AonronpeuennoË oTlrocrrTeJrblroAnlrTenbHoeBpeMa -
57
IIaMffTr!
xpaHr{Tcs
OT HECKOJIbKI{X CE.
3n6nutleea M.fl. Jrer rr 6onrrue, rpe6yer BoJreBoro KyHA Ao secroJrbrrrx yell'.Jrtrs,,4na SarroMrlrraEnff . ,{oaronpeMeunafi rraMgrb - DTo rraMsrb na co6rrrvrg, Koropbre trponcxo4w;r]t B trcrrgnrr rreJloBexa, a neË xpanffTt - -
cff o6pagbl, co6brrulfl, BEaHrrg,yMeurltg, HaBÉrrrit.IrlgnaetreHuerrEÔopMaquu rd3AoJrroBpeMerrHoË uausru (BocrporraBe,qenue t! Mor(er 6rrrr ) rpe6yer HeKoropoË TpeulrpoBlr;l.iT vurvt, nao6opoT, orreuË 6rrcrprnvr AJrETeJrbHbrM. CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: nHO - I4nocrpauuwù or4en (aneunnn pasBe4Ka) ..lKBqK-fny-Ofny. OdpasoaaH 20 AeKa6pn 1920 r. B ero odnsaHHocrn cHaqana Bxo4una padora npoTnB Aenreneù xourppeBonpunn, gMnrpnpoBaButnx ng Coaercxoù Poccnn. Cpegn nepBbtx KpynHbx onepaUuù 6unn "Tpecr" n "Cnu4nKarrr. Iloexe or,qen cra.n roraBurb n sacHnarb cBonx areHToBea py6ex c Uenb,o BeAeHnfl nonnruqeôrcoù, BoeHHoù,Hay.nHo-TexHuqecKoùn ercouoMuqecKoùpasee4xu. Ceucopnafl naMffTË sBJrgercs rrerrocpeAcrBenubrMorparrerrnerr rnQopMaquu oprauaMu rryBcrB lt ocyulecrBJraerca aBtoMarurrecKlr Bo BpeMs Bocrrpursrkrfl.uuSoplra\vrût. Ee upogoJrlrcureJrbsocrb rre upeBÉrrûaer o4noË ceKyEAbr. B cencopnoË ualnJrrrr rre upoucxoAnr rrepepadorKr uoJryrqennoËuuQopnca\us.
CoaepweHHoceKperHo: HKBA - HapoAuaù xounccapuar BHyrpeHHnxAen CCCP (amrcuan opraH* rocdeeonacHocrn a lg221923 n 1934-1943 rr.). Oraeqansa odecneqeHne 58
uxoa MonenmanbHu e npuenu Janon uHonun. ltlnenomaffiuKopazeedu
BHWpeHueùdesonacHocrn rocy4apcrBa u BeAeHue pasae,qxw. BHeraHeù B 70-x rogax XX n. 6rraa rrpeAJroxrexa eiqe o.qua KJraccu$urcaqprg BUAoB naMrrrrr, ocnoBaxna.fi Ha roM, trro MorrtHo [poBecrpr pagrprque Meirc4y rraMsrbp
Ha 4eËcrBvre ur Ha - gro BarroMuua-
ero HaBBaHrre. ,{erc-naparrrBrras naMlrlb xrae odreKToB, co6lnraË, arrngoÂos. LIHa.{e roBop"fi, oro rraMfiTb Ha Jrrrqa, Mecra codrrrnfi,
[pe.qMeru.
SauoMrrxanrre
ran{ropuàr\vmt, oruocflrrleËcs K AeKJraparïBHoË narvrarra, rpe6yer yqacrufi cocnanlra n upoïcxo.qr{T 6rrcrpo. flanastr na 4eËcrBue, r4cxoAg ras atoft r"naccudturcar{rrw, r{aobrBaercff npor{e4ypnofi. B sroft naMffTn xpaurrrcrr ABrrrareJrbrrËre rraBbrrcrr rr. ]ruerrun.' Sanolrrruanr{e unsoprvrarlrau B [poqeAypr{yro fiaMfiTb fiporacxo4r[T Me,qJreHHou rpe6yer HecnoJrbrcux rroBropenrft,
a aadrrBarrue HerlcrroJlbayeMbrx HaBbrKoB rpoprcxo,qur 6rrcrpo. B rroBeÀenur rreroBera npoqeAypnag naMffTb Morrer ocyqecrsuflrrcs
6es ocoguaBanufi lrHrlop-
Maqur.I, I{BBJreKaeuoË t[B naMtrrp{.
CoaeputeHHoceKperHa: ryfE - I-naauoe ynpaBneHue rocy4apcrBeHHoù 6egonacHocrn - cnpt<6a ÛesonacHocrr4,Bxo4uBruaeB HKB,Qa 1934-1943 rr.
Tecr
59
3n6nuqeea M.{1. BarervrrepeBeprrrlrrecrparlrqy, uog QororpaQraur nafluurutre rrMeua u Qaura;r.ufi orrrx aro,qeË. Iocronmy gro Bcero Jrr{mb Kaprrrnxu, rre 6oËrecr ourudrarbcg, rrrrrnTo Ha Bac Ee o6uAurcs.
CoeepureHHo ceKperHo: nry - ilepaoe rnaBHoeynpaanenre(aneuHqepasae.qra)KfE CCCP.
60
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61
BOBOIIICA
nPuIqyPKr{H
3n6nuqeaa M.n.
Ee aoayr ...
A erp BoByr ...
A reuepb rrpoBepbre rrrrcJrorrpaBrrJrbrrbrxorBeroB.
panedvuxoe Moueumanb+bre npuewuJanoiluHanun. MueuomexHuno
Saronbr naMg,rn Ifepnrrfi Barcon - gorcoruocilntcneruufl; rreM rny6xce ocMbrcJrelrne3alloMrEaeMoro, TeM nyqIIIe oEo coxpaEseTcff B rraMsrrr. To ecrs qeM trorratnee MareprraJr, TeM n5r.rrue oH 6yger gaflourirnarbcff. floaronry AJrff BatroMrrsanrl* peKoMerrAyercfi rrcuonB8oBaTbKJrrorreBËrecJroBa, cxeMbr, pr.rcyarr{ u raflnuqrr, o6aerqaroulne nonrlManrle Marepua.Jra,a grarrur, yr ga,ttoMrrgarrrre.(Kcraru, yrlrrrb crr{xrl coBeryrot, gauoMumag,IrocJregoBareJrbnocrbrnarolon. )
CoaeputeHHoceKperuo: KfE - Koutrrerrrypppc-rænnoù fuonacuæna. Oana ns uowteùwnx B Mnpe opaHnsaunù no o6ecne,aeHnn racy4aryraenuoù âeænacnocru. Kî'6 6ano cos4aHoBMapre 19il r. Ha6asecgecrBoæBwero MnHucrepcTBarocaesonacHocru.Pa1orano oHoAo oKrn6pa 1991r. Cryyraypa ero BHrns4enacnqWLUnM o6pasom: flepaoe rnaBHoeynpaBneHne- BHeuHne paSBqKa n KoHTppaSBqKA, KaKTUBHHeMeWn pnf,Tns Dt
aHanusnocrgaprueù ne pæn4eHryp nuQopMaqnu; Brope rna*HoeWpBneHue - BHWpeHHes KoHrpWsBeAKa,6opa6aco unuoHaKeMn c noApuBHHMu AeùcrBbrfl Mn,nWMHuneHHanfueonacuocra;TperaernaBHOeWpaBneHne - KoHTppasBeAKa B COBSTCKUX BOOpweHHbtx cnnax (aoennaa KoHrppasaegxa), OO (oco6arc orqenu); tteraeproe ynpa*neHue - nonnruqecxuù posbtcK,Beno pa1ory no posbtcKynonuruqepOAUHbt,B ,qanbcKux npecrynHuKoB u USMaHHUKOB ueùuem aaHuManocb oxpauoù u BHWpeHHeù6eeonacHocTbp noconbcTB n KoHcynbcTÙ,ocyt4ecTBnsno
63
3a6nuqeea M.fl. KoHrppa3BeAKyHa rryHcnopre; Ilnroe ynæBneHne 6opa6a c aHTucoaercxoù ,qesrenbHocrbto (pa6ora eo BCeXUAaOnOTUqgCKUX OpraHnSa4nflX,C AnCCUAeHTa- KoHrppaaBelq,Ka ynpaBneHne Mn); Lllecroe Ha Bcex Bu4ax rpaHcnopra (sauuManocb aHTn4uBepcnouuoù AenTenbHocTbto,npe4orBpaueH neM onacHbrx cnrya uuù u r. A., Bnocne4crBnn gaHnManocbsat4uroù rocceKperoBe exouotource);Ceaauoe WpaBneHue- cnw6a napyxnoro ua6np4eHus (oneparwauaù noucx); Bocamoe rnaBHoe ynpaBneHne - uuQpoeanbHoe u geut uQpoeanwoe, pafurano no npnMoMyHasHaqeH n,o; ynpaBneHue pyKoodecneleHne oxpaH* ,Qeanroe BoAcrBacrryHu n ceKperHbtxo6aercoa, Kpemneecxnù nonrc;,QecflToeynpaBneHne- WerHo-apxnzHoe; [-naaHoe ynpazneHne norpaHnqHux aoùcrc; Ynpaeneuue npanuren bcraeuuoù cBflsn; 14nc n etoo pc Koe W pa*n e HUe - OCyrueCTBnflnO npoBepKyAeflrenbHocTu noqpas4enenuù KF6 B ueHrpe n Ha Mecrax; CneacrBeHHan qacrb no oco6o BêDKHIIM ,qenaM (na npaaax ynpalneHus); Ynpa*neHue xossùcraeuuoù cnyx6w. Kpome nepeqncneHHbrxrnaBKoBu ynpaBnenuù, B cocTaÙeKoMuTeTacyuecT BoBanu AecqTbæ MocToqTenbHHx or4eno4 sareM ,qodaaunocb elr1eABa. KI-6 npeKparnn cBoe cyluecr*oBaHne HaKaHyHepacnaga CoBercKoro Copea (aexa6pu l99l r.). cDynrc4nuero B gan aueù w eM BHnofl Henu Cny>x6aau eu u eù pas Be,qKn n cDe4epanauancny>x6aÛesonacHocrn. CreAyroqr{M BaKoHoMrraMrrru MorrcnorraaBarb aarcoH uvrnepecai r'ce r{HTepecnoeBarroMr{HaercsJrerxo. Orcro4a cJreAyer npocroft BbrBoÂ: sarroMprrraurreHy]r(Ho AeJrarb
64
paæeduuxoe MoueumonbHue npuewb, MnenomexHuna 3anonuHouun. Ba)KEyro ponb B oroM aqpaer rrpaqenu. Br{JrbEaS rrocrauoBra Crpocure ce6s, Anff qeno BaM EylKEo sanoMxrrrb AaHErrË nrarepuan. Ssasue roro, Trro EETepecEbrM. Oqesr
NnQopuar{rrs 6our,
rroJresna rrJrrr Heo6xo4uua 4aa 6y4yqeË Jr1nrmeuy garroMrlnaprrr).
pa-
cnoco6crpyer
CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: "CMEPW" "CMêpTb rannnHaM,,(COaerCxasBOàHHae KoHrppasBeqKa,AeùcrBoBana c l94t no tg46 r.). B "Cueput,, uMenocb nsrb ynpaBneuuù. llepeoe ynpaBneHne - npe4craBnrenbcr*o "Cueput, Anfl cy4a HaA noAoSpeBaeMHMuBo Bcex qacTnxu coe4nHeHnnx Kpacuoù Apnnn, Bnnorb Ao daranaoHoB n por. Benu nadnpqeHue ga nnqHHM cocraBoM, pyKoBo4nnn nnQopMaropaMn. Bropoe ynpaBneHne - onepa4hh, cBesb c HKBA, HK1E, cnelqacrn Afle oxpaHbt wraÛoa n Bucwero KoMaH,q,Horo cocraBa (no pore Ha apMnn, daransoHy ÆneOponra). Tperae ynpaBneHue - nonweHne, xpaHeHne n pacnpocTpaHeHue pas BeAAaHHbrx. Ller eeproe ynpaBneHue - Aos HaHne u paccne4oBaHue B oTHoueHnUBoeHHoatwaup4x, noAæpeBaeMHx B usMeHe UA,pyrUXaHTnrOCyAapCTBeHuax AeùcrBnflx. Ilnroe ynpaBneHne - BoeHHHeorpoùocmepUt". KU,,n3 COTqyAHUKOB 7arcon Acmavo*rctt,, rtar BaKoE rraMJrrrr, 4eËcrnyer B AByx BaprrauTax. Bo-nepBbrx, Molrcer 6rrrr ycrarroBxa Ha BarroMrruarrlrerro BpeMentr. Sauounnanue nfrûe [por4cxo,qrIT B ToM cJqruae, ecJrrl rreJIoBeKco3naTenbrrocraBrIT repe4 co6oË sa,qaqyBarroMnrrrbEaAonro. flpuMep fierpaBI|IJIbEOTO
IICIIOJIÉSOBAIIUa
3. 3n6nnqeeaM. A.
9TOfO
65
SaKOIIA
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y
(rl.fl. 3n6nuqeaa crygenTa Ea BarroMrlnan[reMareprlaJra Jrlfmb r ouepe4noË ceccrau. B orou cn]ryae rrocJre graaMerron unSopMaqrrff .rièrro ga6rrsaercs, TaK rcar 6rrna ycrarloBra BarroMur/rrb unSoprvraqvro Jrurrrb Ha onpeAeJlerlnËrftxoporrcuË cporc, (Beunoe rrpaBuno rpex Z - sy6pun, c,qaJr,aa6rr.n...) Bo-nropbrx, Molner 6rrrr ycranoBra rra BocrrprrflTue MareprraJrarro coAeprrcauuro.B ;rro6otvto6reue ranSopma\lrkr rreJroBeKB [epByro oqepe,qb Haxo,qrrTTo, rITo eMy HyrKHo tr.Jr*trrrrrepecgo. 3ro !r ecrb ycrarroBxa lra cogepxcaHlle.
geaonery nelqe BcrroMusrË Karoe-ro cd6brrr{e, ecJrrl oEo cBffSaHoc ApyrlrMr[ oArroBpeMerrHbrMuaueqaTJreHrlfiuu. 9ro csoËcrno rraugrn HocrlT rragBanr{e aarcor{o ,eovtnetccfna.
ceKperHo: CoeepueHHo fW FnaeuæWSBeAHBarenûDe Wpa*neHueI'enunfuhaercxoù Apunu (eæunanpsaqxa), c 1992r. Poccwùctcoù Apunn, ,raBecrHoexax Llereeproeynpa*neHuel-enepanuHoro ura6a u "B\ Ng 44388".06paso*aHHoea 1918r., oHonepBoHaqanbHo HaabrBaynpaBneHueM nocb PerucrpaunoHHHM Wra6a Pa6ow-KpecrbttHcKoùKpacnoùApmun[Py crano HasHBarbcflc 1942r.). B Hacront4eeBpeMçr, no cBeAeHu(M.: Kpou-llpecc, sm "eu+uKnone4nuunnoHêDKa,, ynpaBnennù. 1999),a I-PYpadoraer BoceMHa,qrJarb Eqe oArrrr garorr rraMsrn - aarcon oÛoemasu.anuitz .rear 6onbrrre snarrllË rro otrpeAenerruoft reue, TeM nyqrrre garroMrruaerca HoBoe. floarouy rpyArro sa'rouuarb Marepuarr nonoft TeMbrrlJrfi Auequrrnusrr. B ro ,rce Bpeus rro-
66
14onenmonbHile np ueMu 3anon uHox un. MnenomexHuKopaz aeàuuxoe
raa rnQopMaqrls ro yrfie rsl rssMoË panee ArrcqrrrrJrrrue SAIIOMIIIIAETCA
JIETqE.
BarfirrblM AJIS BarroMfiHagrlff ,ffBJlflercg garcoH. satroMrrrraercs noarnopeHu,ni rroBTop.ffeMaff uuQoptuaqus clrJrbuee rôù, Koropaff o4rrn pao rrpocMarprlBaercs. Ec.rru .rro-nu6o Hyrrctto BatroMrrurb HaAoJrFo, To neo6xogrlMo rreOqegr
aroM rroBTopenrre B Brr4e BocrrpouaBe4enu.s B rrecxoJlËKo paa e(pQeKTrlBHee, qeM B B}ÀÆe,qollonlluTeJrbrloro traccrlBHoro rlÎelrug 'vrJrrl croJrbro
floBTope:auit Marepl{aaa.
flpu
npocnymlrBarrrrff.
ceKperHo: CoaepweHHo KU Kounrer nnQopuarluu npn CoaereMnnncrpoa CCCP. CyqecraoBan Henpo4onxnrenbHoeBpeMfl (oxrn6pa 1947 - npnb 1948 r.). Bodpan a ce6s Qynx4unBHewHeùn aoeuuoùpasae4Ku.Boernaensn KomurerunQopMaunnB. M. Monoroa(Cxps6nn). u nonnrnqecKyropagBeqOn ocyulecrBnenBoeHHyto Ky sa py6exou; onepaunu npornl Bcexsapy6exHHx aHTucoBercKuxopraHusa4uù; KoHTppaaBeAKy B COBeTCKnX nACOnbCTBaX,TOqTOBHXnpeÆCTaBnTenbcTBax; paSBe,q,b,BaTenbHwe onepaunn B cTpaLtepes Hax Hapo4noù AeMoKparnu. roq nocne cogÆ,aHuflKlrI sauuMancn ronbKo nuurb cdopou BueraHenonnruqecKoù unQopuaunn. B 1951 r. npeKpaTun cBoe cyulecTBoaàuue. Taxrau o6paaou, Hâ ocrroBarruritBblrrrerrgnoxceunoro, MOTItHO CKASaTbr IITO yCUemHOCTb
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Muorux SarropoB: rraJrrlque surepeca, ycrarroBrr rra satroMtrrraHue, xapaKTep 3atroMlrEaeMoro MaTeprlaJla, BoJIe-
67
3n6nuueea M.tl. Boe ycnJryre, crJronr{ocru tlqnoBera rr r.A. O6o6qenraa cxeMa fipuqull, BJlrrfirorqrrxHa IIpo,qyKTrrBHocTb IIaMrrTur, rpe4craBJreuana puc. 7. ll pur nuur, BnnrKuqne Ha n pogytfft4BHocrb naMf,Tt4
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Hrarc, ua ercfi ryraBbr Bbr He roJrbro ysnaJrrr Mnoro HoBoro o ce6e, KaK, rranprrMep, r{To BËrÀeJraer€nlqrrre ygllaeTe IIJII{ BocIIpoIISBoAIITe' cJIbIIutITe vlJlu BLIAIITe, Ho eule u o Tex oco6eHHocTax uaMsT?r, KOTOpbretrOMoryT BaM He TionbKo Jr!ryme SatroMrlrrarb' Ho tI cAenarb raK, qro6br SAIIOMEIIIJIII
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K TEOPUW OTNPAKTUKU Ilaunru - crpax Bceilylr cor(poBcero. Bl4rrlHr4qa I[ugepou
CrpoeHne n OyHKqlt{ HefpoHa MarepuaJrbrrbrM cy6crparoM rraM.flTrr,KaK u ,qpyrrrx ucllxuqecKlrx upoqeccoB, aBJrseTcs EepBrrag cllcTeMa. Crpyrcrypnoft u QyurcqnorraJrbnoft egunuqeË nepnnoft crrcreMËr sBJrserca HepBsaff KJrerKa - nefipon. Crpoenue neËpoua cxeMarnrrro [pe4craBnerro Ea prrcyure (cu. nuxe). HeËponu o6naAarcT upuorrarcaMrr, npucyqnMr4 BceMKJrerKaMopranrraua. Hefipon, KaK u Apyrue KJrerl*V, raMeer u,umonnagmarnuvecrcVnmeudparuy, ofipeAeJrsrorqyro ero uuArrBrrAyaJrbxbrerpaurrqbr. K ôynrqrrffM quroflJrasMarrrrrecrcofi ueu6panbr ornocrrrcff rr BBarrMo4eficraue nefipona c ApyrrrMrr KJrerKaMu. B qentpe nefipoHa, rcaK rlr y Bcex KJreroK, HaxoAnrca aÔpo, co,qepïcaqee rerrerrtrrecnyro un$opnraqnro. Bce, rrro HaxoArrrcs Brryrpu qrlrofinaoMarrlrrecxoË ueu6panbr, ga rrcrJrroqeHrreM ffAP&, HOCr.rrHasBAErreqprnonnasJna. B qnrouJrasMe coAeprrcaTcffopraHorrAËr- cJrorrcEoopraErrSoBarrEËre,
69
Snânuqeea M.ll. IIocToaEEbre, ,IcI[SEeEEoBarrcHblecocraBrrbre rlacrlr KJreToK, Bbr[oJrrrsronlr4eotrpe4eneurrbre Qynxquu. SnepreTrilqecrcrrecrarrqlrrr KJreroK - Jwumononîpuu - cnrrreglrpyror yurrBepca;rrnrrft rfrcrorrnrrx arrepruvr l,Jrg,KJrerKrr - ATO. B ryro;reryre AT(D oneprlrs xparrrrcff B BuÀe xuMuqecrux csggeË 1r Molrer rrcrroJrËBoBarbcff rnerxoË rro Mepe na4o6uocrvr. Oruùonnagùta.rnuvecrcaa cernb - paaBerBJrerrnagcerË ueu6parurbrx KarraJrbqeBrr uonocreË-s qrrrorrJraaMe KJrerrcrr, o6ecue.ulBarorqag rparrctropr BerrlecrB Bnyrpr{ KJrerKu. CyqecrByer ABa Br{Aa anAorJrasMaruqecroft ceru - ruepoxoBara.Er{ rJIaAKafi, Ha ueu6panax EepoxoBaroË grgounaguarllrrecroft ceru Eaxo4arca pudocottbl) a Ha nneudpanax rn4qroË ser AotronurrTeJrbrrbrxcrpyxtyp. Pr6ocoMbr lrpe,qcraBnarorco6oË côepnqecnue crpyrcrypbr, ocnoBuaa Qynxqua rcoropbrx cr{Hteg 6erna. 9rra opranorlAbr Moryr 6rru Ee roJrbro rrprlxpelJrerrbr K gn4o[JraaMarrl.recnoft cerrl, rro rr cBo6ogno pac[oJrararbcfi B rlnrorrJlasMe. Eqe ogfirr opranorrg Knerxu - annapanl |o.naôtru - rrasBau rro rlrMenu rlraJrbauqa Errnu.nuolonr4lnr, roroprrË paapa6oraJr MeToA, uogBoJrsrotquËrrg5nrarbcrpoenue groro oprauor.r4a. Murcpompyûovtcu - rourrre ouopnbre crpyrrypbr, rroMorarorque nefipony coxparrfirb orrpeAenenuyro Qopruy.
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: cnyxda 6esoOCE - poccuùcxas cDe,qepanauan nacHocrn. Ona npusBaHaocyruecrBnnrbHa4aopaa co6npq,eHueM BHwpeHHHxro cy4a pcT&eHHHx saKoHOB n nOpnAKa n 3AKOHTqqaSB9AKOù. [TepeOuaqanbHo oHaHas*BanacacDe4epanauoùcnyx6où xonrppasBe4KnPCK). Coe4ana oHa B oxrn6pe 1991 r.
70
paæeôuuxoe MxenomexHuKo npueiluganowuvoxun. MonenmanbHue B anpene 1995 r. 6una nepenMeHoBaHa e @C6. K cnyx6e oAHoBpeMeHHonepetann Qynx4un 6opu6u c opraHusoaanuoù npecrynHocrbto, ûaugurnsMoM, TeppopusMoM,-KoHTpa6an,qoùToBapoB u ueHHocteù, Koppynuueù. B cooraercTBuu c npuHerwM HoBbtMsaKoHoM cDC6 nonyqnna npaBo ua codcrBeHHyto TtopeMHytocncTeMy, BHeApeHne cBoux areHTOB B UHOCTpaHHHeOpraHUSAUnnn npecTynHHe rpynnupoBKn, cog4aHne codcraeHH*x KoMMepqecKnx crpyKryp B uHrepecax cBoeù ocnoanoù pa6orbt. cbCE nMeer raKxe npaBo rpe6oearb nonweHue Heodxo4uuoù nnQopMarJnn or qacrubtx KoMnauuù n Qupu. OC6, KpoMe Bcero, oraeqaer sa oxpaHy SaceKpeqeHHbtxnpaBnTenbcTBeHHHxMaTepnano*, odecneqeHue 6eeonacHocrn a Boopy>xenuux Cnnax n Apyrnx rocy4apcrBeHHbtx crpyKrypax.
HeËpon odragaer u psgoM orJrr{qnreJrbnËrx lrepr. B tro6onrr neËpore paanrrqaror reno, or rcoroporo orxoAar orpocrrrd AByx BuAoB. Koporrue, BerBsrquecs orpocrnrr Haabrnarorca ô enùpu.rnatru.,unsopnaaqlrff no rrr{M B Brr4e rrepBrroro ïMtrynbca npoxogrlr B TeJroneËpoua. Orpocror, rrecyulraù rnnQopMaqnro or rena ueËpoua naBbrBaercs.arcconon. Ot reJra nefrpona orxoArrr roJrbro oArrE aKcoE, AnrrEa KoToporo MorKeTB EeKoTopbrx cJryqa$x ,qoerrrrarr lrb M. Ecnn Bbr Euqero Ee rrouflJrrr, To rrpocro trocMorpute Ea plrcynon (no Bnylry, 1988). Moxcno upeAcraBrrrb, rrro oro, EArrprrMep,rrEorrJrnrreTsHlrE rr3 rrecyrqecrByprqero co3Be34raa MneMoglluËr.
71
3n6nuqeaa M.fl. Baanuo4eficrnne tuerrc,qy nefrponauu oclnqecrBnffercff rrocpe4crBoM cur{ancoa (cu. pucyuon). flo cyrrr, clrHarrc - gTo Mecro KorrTaKTa ÀByx neËponon. Ha KoHrIe axcona oAroro reËpona uMeercff pacrullpenrre - fipecuEAIITIIqeCKOe OKOIIqaEI4e, B ICOTOpOMHaXOÀgTCg CrrHaIITuarecrue rryahrpbnu. Drn crpyKTypbr co4epï(ar ocodoe xnMrtrec$oe BerrlecrBo - ueÔuarnop. v.racror ueu6panrr Aeugprrra Apyroro neËpoxa, ) racrByrorqefo B o6paaoeala.trfi cyrmarrca, rlagËrBaercfi [ocrcrrua[Tr4rrecxoË uervrdpapeqerropbr uoË. Ha reË HaxogJrrc.fi crequQvuecnïe ueu6paubr,
crpyrcryprr
paMrr. flpocrpaucrBo
BaarrMoAeficrnyrcqre
c MeArraro-
Metrc4y rrpeclrrrarrTrrqecxrrM oxonrra-
rrr4eM rlt llocTcr.rHarrTrrrrecroË nnevr6panoË nagËrBaeTcs ctrHarrrrrqecxoË uleJrbro. HepnnrrË
urvruy.ubc, rrocryuunurnft
B IIpeCUHAIITIITIeCKOeOKOHqAIII{e, BËrSbrBaeTBËrÀeJregEe Me4r{aropa B crruarrrnrrecrcyro uleJrb. Me4uarop Bo BaalrrvrogeËcrBue c peqerrropaMlr croË ueu6pane.
B peoynbrare
Bcryrraer
rra trocrcunaûTuqe-
ororo BsarrMogeficrnvs. Ha
u 9
BTopOM IIeEpOEe BOSIIIIKaeT IIepBHbILt IIMIyJIËC,
uepeAalo-
rqnËca AaJreero qetrr neËpouon. CoaepweHHoceKperHo: A|EHT - nn4o, KaKnpaBnno, nHocrpAHeq, He n*nçtrcqeecn urarHuM corpyAHnKoMcne4cnyx<6,HoAeùcrBynqee no ux sa4aHueM. B pasaegcnyxdax ecrb - u u Q op u aro p b,, are HTH -Aes u n Qop Maro p bt, are HTbt areïTbt, pa6oTapune no+ AnKToBKynpoTnBHnKa, ABOùHHe are HTH,are HTA-HenerAnH, are HTH-rpyn no BO,4H,TaùHHeareHTH, areHTH BnngHUn.
72
Mon eumanbHu e npueilb,3anor4uHanun. MuenomexH uKapaæeduuxoa
Fnaaxrtfi olr,Aonna3ilaÏlrqecxnl
perrxynyM
nApo flApuuro llJepoxoearuÉ oHAonfl€xlMartl.{ecruÈ perHKyflw
KnerorxaRmeu6paxa Arcox MnçorpyEovxn
Mrroxorg{urn Crxanrtr.{ecflù ny3Hpe|( O6parxoe n(rnoqeHtre Crxanc Peqemopu An8 reAnaropa
73
3n6nuqeaa M.fl. LI csosa plrcynor (uo Bayuy, 1988). Totrxo rre roBoprrre, rrro Bbr Errqero He rlogsJrlr, [oroMy rrro gror uao6parxennbrË xa pucysxe cy6terr sa rduorrJranersrrr4rra yrre Mano uoxoÏc...
Mnroxon4prn
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Mogr qenoBeKacocror4T H3 10r2 nepBHbtxKneToK. O6HqHaRHepBHaHKnerKa nonylttaer HHQopMaqHo oT coreH H TbtcflrtApyrux KneToKh nepeAaeT coTHgM14TbtCRr{aM, a KonnqecTBocoe.qHHeHufi B ronoBHoM Mo3ry npeBbtrxaer 1014-1015.Caruue
74
Moneumanffi u e npuenu sanon una,!!!q. l,lnenomsxHuRapaeeeôuuro e
KpynHbte HepBHHe KnerKua 1000 pae 6onburecaMbIX METKUX.
Macca Mosra qenoBeKacocTaenaet 1/46 o6qefi Maccbtrena (uacca Mo3ra cnoHa - l/560 Maccbt rena). O6qas nnou4agbKopbtronoBHoro MosraBapbupyeror 1468 Ao 1670 re. cu. 3a unHyry qepes Mosr nporeKaer T4O-750 rvrnxpoeu. V xeHu4t4H Bec Mosra MaKcLtManeH B IS-19 ner, y MlDKqr4Ha 20-29 ner. Haquxanc 30 roÂAxusHn y qenoBeKaexeAHeBHoru6Her g0-S0 rbtcnq HepBHbtxKneToK.
Teopnu nausrlr flaustr cBasbrBarorc rrgMegerrltaMn B rrepBrrofi cucreMe' Koropble coxparrfirorcfi B TeqeHr{eEeKoroporo BpeMenu. 9rn rrsMerreHr[ffolluchrBarorcfi pasnrrrrHbrMtl Teopr4fiMIT IIAMSTI{.
...8uosry Bepnee,qeMB nepraMeHTe h BocKe, tl o6paereofi HaBeKu c6epery, lA ue HyxHbt MHe naMsrHbte AocKl4.
B. Wexcnnp
CoeepweHHoceKperHo: AP - areHrypHaepasBqKa.
75
3n6nuqeea M.fl. reopueË nallcroprrvecrcr{ uepnofi QuauoaorrllecroË Ms:rrr aBJrffercs. meopue. [. Xe66o. I[*resso oE pasAenr{n rr AoJrroBpeMerlsyp. flo rraMgrË Ea KparroBpeMesrryrl Xe66y, B ocrroBe KparKoBpeMeEEoË nausrrl Jrerfirrr rpoqecc rroBTopEoro llpoBeAeErlff rrepBrroro r{M[yJlbca no 3aMKrryrbrM qerrffM uefipouoB, rre cofipoBorfiAaloulrËcs
usMe-
HeHrlsMrlr B crpyrcrype neËpolla. Ecnu ,Ke roBTopEoe rpoBeAerrue rrMfiyJrbca rro BaMrcrryrofi nefiponnoË qetrrl conpoBotrc,qaeTcg rlSMeEerrrreM B cTpoerrr{rlt cr{Harrca (yne"nnqelllre unorqaArr collprrKocHoBeHrrfl, yBeJrrrqeHrre tIHcJra cuuarreoB B rleuu), To BoarrrrKaer AonroBpeMeurraa fiaMffTb.
CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: ATTAUE - BaeHHbteunu BoeHHo-Mopcxnearraue oQu4epu apMun wnn Qnora, pa6orapt4ue B cronuuax uHocrpaHHbtxrocy4apcrB Æneo6ecneqeHne cBnau c MecrHbtMnBoopWeHHHMn cnnaMn, c6opa uuQopua4nn r.tgorKpbtrbtx ucro.tHuKoB, a ecnu npeqcraBnqercçt Bo3MoxHocrb, To u n3 SaceKpeqeHilxncTo.tHuKoB(cpegu Hux KaKoduquarc oQu4epat, TaKn oQu4epu cne4cnyx6). Curuantnuve cft,ue rn eopuu cBffBrIBaror rrp oqe c cbl n aMff TII
I{CKJIIOITI4TEJIbHO
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c[Earrce. C. Pow yrBept*iAaer, rrro rlpu ycBoeHrru rroBoro o[brra (r.e. rrpr{ BarroMrruaurlu) npoucxoAffT rrBMeHeHvIfi B olrpe4eJrerrublx neËpouax rI B rax crIHa[TrrrIecKrIX cBffBflx. flpyrne uccJreÀoBareJl]r I. Jlun.r z M. Eo4pu cBasblBalor npoqecc 3aIIoMrIHaHlIfi c yBeJrrIqeHLIeMcoAeprfi arr]rfi KaJIbqrrfi B IlocTctrHauTr/rtlecroË ueuoparre, rrTo, B rcoHerlHoM crrere, ynyquaer
pa6oty AaHHoro crrnatrca.
76
MoueumanbHue npueiluJanoriuHauun. paseeduuxoe MuenomexHuKa CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo: EEPnUHCKnn TyHHEnb - onepartin aMepnKancrcoù n dpuraucxoù pasBe4oK no cbeMy unQopuauun c coBercKnx n BocroqHo-repMaHcKux reneQou u ax n u ttttùi, B xo4e xoropù us Sanaqraoro a Bocroquuù 6epnuu 6un npopb,r taùuwù no4eeuuuù xo4. Cpegn nocBet4eHHbtxB ery onepa4uo 6un corpyguux MH-6 n o4tioBpeMeHHoareHr (coaercxu ù paeaegtnx) Axoppx Eneùx, nocraauaunù B ngBecTHocrbcoBercKne cnegcnlp<6u, KoropHe HeKoropoe BpeMe ycneuHo nepeAa Bann Aesu nQop Maun,o. HeËpoQrrarroJror JI. Ae Ho npe4JroxcrrJrpeaepdepaltuoHHAn neopuro traMaTrr. flocroarrcy B crpyrcrypax Moora c5Æqecrnyror saMxuyrrre neËpounbre qeurr, To EepBsrrË rrMtrynbc Mo)rceTqrlpKynllpoBaTb uo gTrlM qefrsM, uocTetrenrro saryxas. Lluesuo grr{ Kpyru quprynsqnu EepBEoro r{MnyJrbca tro otrpegenenuoË coBorcyrruocrn neËpouon rr paccMa.TprrBarorcffKaK cyocrpar coxpalleErra trarugrrr. B arux rre Kpyrax nnQopuar{Es rra KparxoBpeMessofi trAMSTIrt trepeXO.qIIT
B AOnrOBpeMeEEIftO.
CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: 6OEBAfl PA3Bffi|
pauun. Âpyras rpytrua uccnegosarereË cBlrsbrBaer rrpoqeccbr rrausrn c oupe4enensofi trocJregoBareJrbaocrbroduoxuunqecrcrrx pearqufi, trporeKarcqrx n ueËponax. Tarc, orrbr-
T7
M.fl. 3n6nuqeea rrr I. Xr4ena lroragaJrlr, rITo rrpoqecc ganoMrruagrra conpoBorrcAaercs rrsMerrexrrsMrr csoËcrn PHK u 6e.nra s nefiponax. P.I[. KpyuuroB paapadoraa Korrqerr1uro, cor.llacxo xoropofi B ocnoBe uaM.ltrr{ JrerrcarrrBMeHeErI.fl,cBgSArrrrbrec MeArraropaMrr- xrrMrlrlecKrlMrr llocpeÂHr{rcaMrl UepegAqe. B CuEAtrTIrtIeCKOË
o roM, ttro B ocHoBenaMRTt4 flpe.q,craBneHne nexaT HeKhexnMnqecKneBeu{ecrBa,onncaHo A. CemQroMB ero npom3BegeHnn "flyreuecrBne c KoropHMnol-ynnneepan.VunrenbMareMarttKvl, l-ynnhBepe Jlanyre, npeAr|aranceoÉ sHaKOMHnCn reopeM: nKax.qaqreopeMa sanoMLtHaHue cnoco6 TqarenbHo nepenHcblBaercfl c AoKa3arenbcTBoM cocraBfleHHblHaroHeHuxofio6narre qepHnnaMH, npoTt4BronoBHoù6onu. Yqennx MVlt g Mr4Kcrypbr rnoraer oonarry HaroqaK il B TeqeHrerpex cJIeHeecr Hnqero,KpoMexne6aH Bo,qbt. ,qypull,rx,qHeù Korga o6narra nepeBaphBaercs,MhKcrypanogHnMaercnB ero Mo3r, nprHoce c co6où TvAaxe reopeMy, (CanQr .4. llyreutecrBnel-ynnneepa.KaKorMeqaeraBrop B M., 1980. C. 165) O.qHaKo, noBecrBoBaHnr,oror cnoco6 6um ,q,anbHefiuleM r',|anoeQQerrneeH. o6paaou, Bce reopnu traMflTrr Morrcno pas4eJrrlrb Ea ,qBe6onrmne rpyrrlbr. flepnar rpytrrra - aro 6uoxrlulrrrecrrle reop*rer. Coxpaxenue unQopMaqrm rrpoucxoAI[Î nyreM KoArrpoBarrrs ee B BrrAexuMrrtrecKrrx coe,4rrnesnË. Bropaa rpyrrrra o6te.qnnser reopllu, cBttabrBarlTaruu
78
fll,oygnmonbvue npuenusanonunanun. ïlnenomununapaseeduuxoe rrlrre trpoqeccÉr rraMarn c cosgarrreM sosoË crpyrrypuofi opranrraarlufi neËpouon, c o6paaoBarrueM EoBbrx cssgeft Merrt,qynefiponanau.
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: B6IBOA - erccQunarpaune- raùnuù auaos(nepe6pocxa) areHra nnn gJyroro nnua c reppnropun rocy4apcrBa, rAê BenacbpasBerya6ora.
lIrar, ocrrJrrrBmuftery rnaBy rerrepbMor*cerroBopnrb IIe TOJIbKO Ea ASbIKe ]nIeEOrO-trCnXOJIOrA,
EO U EA fi8Ë.lKe
] reuono-Quanonota. Eo.nrurnncrBo rr&]quÉrx qrroB rr cnoBocorrerarr!!Ë ruo,Ker rrocnyrrrlTb orJrrr.tgbru MareptraJroMAnff Toro, trro6rr noupaKTlrKoBaTbcgB SarloMngaïnn. Ecnr.r Heroropbre cnoBa ran n ocraJrrrcÉAnrr Bac gara,qroË nayrcrr, Bbr BrroJrueMorrcereBblyrulrr rrx roJrbro Ang Toro, .rro6rû gaMerrrrrb B cBoeË petru cJroBaMareprbre Ea EaltIrIIg-pyf aTenbrrbre.
noBbltuEHug. KyPCbr
KBAIlrouKArtuu
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- Het, gTo!,ryfip]txiilty <3a6um cosceil!>> He uoxer H:uttanauf,rb 6mr noor]nuxa. A. I,Iuuxeeuv flpupo4rras rraMffTb y Bcex .nrogefi paauaa. O,qnu uorli rroxBacrarbca xopourefi rraMffTËro,Apyrne rr€Jryrorcff EA TO, rrro y rrrx
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CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: AESUHOOPMAUWfl @nrn. repunn) - MepH, npeqnpuHnMaeMue cne4cnyxdaMu Atre Bao,qaa ea6nyxAeHne npaTuBHnxa.$ena Aocruraercn npu noMoqn ganwbr*aHnn cBeqeunù, ux ncKaKeHun nnn noFAenxn. ero npuBo,qur K ToMy, Ltroy Bpara ctan4HBaercg npeBparHoe npe4craBneHue o6 ucrnHHoM nonoxeHnn Aen nnu o6 nHoM co6uruu, oneparJ,nn. C regucoM, rrro traMgrË Mo)rcgo ynlnrruurb, nce. Ho KaK aro cgenatr?
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corJracrrbr rrrrrareJr.ff,
ttHouun. MnenomexHuKgpaseeôuuxoe MoueumonbHu e npueil u 3ano14 xmoprrË xorrer rron)^rrrrb Ea gnor Botrpoc o,qnognarrgurfi orBer. Fl/[uuoro peqeura Eer, Aa, EaBepgoe, tr Ee Morrcer 6rtrr. flocronrry rraMffTb Ka]rc,qoroqenoBera JrErrKaJrbEa' To y KarrcAororleJroBexacJ[qecrByror u cBorr cuoco6rr, trPEeMbr, Mero4br garroMrrnanrrff. Hunce 6ygyr rrpe4noncenbr pasnr{rrrbre crroco6rr yayurtreurra rraMsrrl. floupo6yËre (rrprrMenrrrb K ce6er ralrc4rrË Mero4 u nrr6parb rrMerrso TOTIIpI{eM nJrrr EecKoJrbKorrpueMoB, KoTopbreJr] rme BceBaM. FOtrOAXOAAT'rrMeEEO
ManantrnaHera(acHoct4T HaseaHueMHeMosr4Ha repohg) HoMep57, oxpbrae 22 cerlrls6pn1859 r. Atoccenb4opQcrnu acrpoHoMoMKapnou Teogopolrt Po6eproMJlnrepou. Acrepor44MHeuognxa naMerbo npounoM,,qaou{yloroncl,lMBonn3Lrpyer rtoKTBopqecrBy;Qrrcaqmp. l-lonoxeHneMHeuo3l4HbrB ropocKoneroBopnr o6 oco6eHHocrexnaM9Tl4 qenoBeKa.
BnnmaHvre,noHlrMaHlte, qenb n noBTopeHne Saronosor gToro uaparpaQa, uo cyrrr, sBJrserctr rrepBbIM I{ CaMËIM BaTICIIbIM trpIleMOM
yJl}rqrueHllfi
IIaMJITII
lt
orrupaerca rra BanorrbrrraMsrrr. Bo-nepnblx, cJIeAyffBaKorry ycrarroBrcrr, neodxo4uMo rrocraBllll. u,enb satroMrrtrrb Ty rrnu r{Hyrc unQopuaqnro. Moxcno rrecxoJlbxo pas BrIAerb oAHy v ry )rceKapT[Hy, rro Ee SarroMrrHarbee, ecJrrr Eer rarofi qear.
81
3n6nuqeeattt.ïl,. CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: AEUUçDPOBAHWE OOTOCHUMKOB - nonyueHne pasBep4aHHbtxna aHannsa u Meptwxce eororpae n ù (Qoro co cnWHu KoB-rannoHoB, c pagBe4*Baren bHbrx c aMon ero B, n oÆB oAHHx n o4o K, Halq,B oAHbrx Kop a dneù nnn cAenaHHHeno4bMu na cyue). Bo-nropbrx, Heo6xo4raua rcorqenTparlr{s lnuJwavun Ha lrgpaeMoM Marepnare. Korreqno, crorrrlenTpnponarb BIII{MaIIuê Ha cKJruHoM MaTepuane 'qoBoJIbHocJloxcHo. flocrapafirecr naËru cBaar.r MeJKAy orofi cryrnoË reruofi r rrntepecyrou1efi sac upo6aenrofi (aarcon urrrepeca). HanptrMep, (cftyrrnbrer TeMbIQuaraxu Mornuo rrpprMerrnrb s onorornu: c noMorrlbro SaKorroBotrTpfiNuoIIucarb pa6ory rJrasa. Pagsururo yMerrrrJr Korrqerrrpr{poBATb BrrRMArrUeCUOCOoCrAyer pasBrrne naonro,qareJrËrrocrrl. flocruorpure Ea orpyrrcarculre Bac rpe4Merbr (ApyruM BSrnaAoMr, oTMeTbTeTe rrx qepTbr, KoTopbre BbI paEbIIIe
He SAMerIAJIIlt.
*flonropexue - MarË 1nreurrflD- rJracETpyccraa rrocnoBr{rla. Dra froeJroBr{qacornacyercfi c BaKoHov^noamopeHu,n. He upocro noBTopnoenpoqreur{e, a rroBToperr{eB B![Ae BocnpouaBeAenuffcrrocodcrnyer ryqrueMy sanoMr.rHarruro. {arrI€ Bcero llpe,qnaraercs cJleAyrorqas cxeMa IIoBTopeurrs: nepBËrËpaa - qepes 20 ruunyr rocJre rpotrrerrrrs, nropoË - qepeg 24 q,aca, rpernfi - qepea rreÀeJrrc),
CoaepweHHoceKperlo: AOU - Apyroe HauMeHoBaHne Qenrpa, wrad-xeapTupH coeercxoû aueuJneùpasBe4Ku.Eu.1re usBecrHo KaK4.funbutoûAout. 82
MoueumonbHu e npuewu 3anoiluHaxun. Muenome)uuKapazaedauxoe lI, naxon€t1 corJracno BarcorryocubrcJrenrrs' noH'uil'a,Hue figyvaeMoro MareprraJla odaernraer eno BarroMrluanrre. flaa rrourrMarru.ffMareprraJraMorrcuortcrroJrbsoBarbKJIroqeBbre cJroBa, cxeMbl, prrcylrrrr rr ra6nuqrr. flnr BbrrroJrrrerrrr.ffgrrrx onepaqnft uorpe6yercs oupegeneurraff Tpenr{poBKa. LTrarc,BogbMltreKpacnnË rapan4arrr. tlura,ff Tercr arono naparpaQa ( * Brnnraurre, rronrlMarrrre,qeJrbrr IroBropeulle I ), IIOAIIEPKHUTE
KPACHbIM
KAPAIIAAILIOM
KJIK)qEBbIE
CJIOBA.
ecrb JIrr JIorEçIecKaa cBfiBb Merrc,qy arrrMrr cJroBaMrlr. Ecnra raroË cBg3n Her, BBe.qrrre AotroJrrrETeJrbEbre cJroBa, JlorrltlecKrre cB.ffSblBarorq[e KJrIoqeBbIe cJroBa. flponeprre,
CoaepweHHoceKperHo: AOnyCK - paspeuteHneK ceKperHoùpadore (pa6oMarepnanaun).CaoeodpasnuùnWra c ceKperHb,Mu nycK.On 6uaaer pasHoùxareropnn ceKperHocrn. KJrrorleBbrecJroBa r[ BBeAeHBrrunrunre BbrAeJrerrrrbre rrbre cBsabrBarorqre cJroBa(gn.s aroro c[eqrraJlbrro ocraBJrerroMecro B Korqe rraparpaQa) u cocraBbre c rrrrMrr paccxaa, rrepeAaroqnfi cogepxcanrreupoqrrrarrnoro BaMu rercra. Csepbre Barrr paccrao c ucxogrrblu TeKcroM.
CoaepweuuoceKperHo: corpy4HnKn6pttnnEfEPb (xcapron)- raK,
83
3a6nuqeea M.tl. Knro.IesËre cJroBa:
:
:
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: )lUlOK - cKpuroeno4crryuuæ,ot4eeyupoùcrao nnu cnelpn naparypaAflf, BeAeH nn ayAnouadnp4eu nn. 84
pn3EeaqUKOï HUf, . MHeilOmeXHUKO 3O\OHUHO
Hro raKoe (MHeMonnrar? Hanepno€, XOTE.,IN
B sarnefi
ITTO-TO SAIIOMIISTb,
ficrrgnrr cnfraJrocb
r[ laroe:
COCPEAOTOTTUJIIT BIIITMAEITE
BÉr IIA
aroM MareprraJre rr AatKe rroHaJrrr ero, Eo rlepeS EeKoropoe BpeMfl Bce paBIIo sa6bplu. LIsorAagnff JI1rIIIuero saIIoMI[Haurrs MaTepIlaJIa neodxO4l{Mo I{CtrOJIbsoBATbOCo6ge rrpuC"nono eMbr aarroMrrrarrrs, orrrlcbrBaeMËre MreMorrrxoË. (MneMorrrrca) upoucxo,qllT oî rlMerlra rpeqecxofi dorunr naMgTrlr MnetrOAUIIËI. Ctrnraercg, IITO aBTOpOMoTOIO CJIOCalaocex*tit. Ba sBJlsercs flusarop
CoeeputeHHo ceKperHo: SAEOP (pyccxuù xaprou) - rpaHnua c ApyrnM rocyAap crBou. Tep u nn n cnonbsyercn np n MeHnren bHo KaK K BoeHHoù,rax u pagBe4HBarenbHoùAenrenbHocTu. Vbanxe6n où nn Qop ua uweù. MHeMoHuqecKuM rrprleMaM JIerKo HayqrlTbcff, Apyrrle Mbr lrcrroJrbSY€M, rle Srlaa' rrTo oHrI sBJltrrorcg MEeMoHr{rrecKuMrI. Ecrr r olleltË Tpy,qHËIe [prreMbr, KoropËrMrl Moryr rroJrbsoBarbcJr roJrbro oco6engo KBaMnoruu
85
3n6nu4eda M.ll. nuQnuupoBarrsÉre MrreMorrrrcrbr - nro,qu, c[eqr{aJrËHo SArIIIMaIOUIUeC.S 3aIIOMUIIaHrreM 6o.rrruroro o6reMa rrrrSopuaqnr.r. CoaepureHHo ceKperHo: UCTOqHUK ncro'tunx nuQopMa4nu (tenoaex wnn TexHnqecKoeycrpoùcrBo), nMept4uùcn a pacnopexeHun pagae4,bnarenbHoù opraunsa4un nnn cnw6u 6esonacHocru u ucnonbsyeuuù B oneparnBHbtx qennx. B CWA gror repMnH orHocurcfl KoHKperHoK qenoBe,
OH
Bbrxo4rrn rrs saJra. flo uo4cr+asnaM CuuonrAa poAcrBeu-
86
gAnOMuHonUn. paseeô'auxoa MuenOmexuUXa npUeMU MOneumOnbHb,e HHKrrHarrîJrrrcBorrx 6nllgrnx. Taxuu o6pasou' oragaJrocb' ITTO MO'ICIIO 3 IISBECTIIbIX
SATIOMHIITb
IPE,qMETbI'
ECJIIT PACNONO'KITTb
IIX
KOMHATAX.
CoeeputeHHoceKperHo: KOA - MeroA KpnnrorpaQun, npeqycMarpnBaounù saMeHy Bcex cnoB nnn Qpas coo6l4eHus KoAoBbtMu cnoBaMn n KoAoBHuu odosHaqeHunmu. Knura KoAoB AonxHa 6ura u y ornpaanrenfl, n y nonryarenfl nH' Qapmaqun. OcHoauoe pasnnqne Mex4y KoAoM n utnQpo4a cocronr B ToM, 'tro KoA ocHoBaH Ha npuH- ero unne aaMeHH uen*x cnoB unn Qpas, a wnQp saMeHa xaxc^où or4enbHoù 6Yxau.
(Mero4 MecD) LrOott B ganrneftureu cuoco6 CsnnonnAa sarroMurrarb rrpe4eTaJrHaSbrBaTbca(MeToAoM MeTbrrro ux paclroJrolrceHrrro Mecrr, a caMrr trpe,qMerËrcraJr*l pacllonaraTb rre B KoMHarax, a Ha Maprupyre cnegoBanrlg. Hnaenso raruu paSoM SarroMlIHaJIII
o6-
CBOII UpOIIOBeAII MOII AXII-AOMIIIIIIKAII
-
qbr B XVI n. Cytr rrx Meroga SarJrroqaercfi B ToM' 'rro6rl [peACTABIIT6 Ce6e [yTb B xOpOuIO SIIaKO aOË MSCTIIOSTII, a SareM MbrcJreErro paeuoJrotlSurb Ea aroM tryrlr BeqII' Koropble ueo6xoguMo gatroMrrrrb. rlto6rr naBJretlb rrnôopuaquro rrg traMsrrr, Eyrrcno MbrcJleurro rrepenecrncb B ary Mecrrrocrb u upofiru uo gToMy nyrr{ rr' ccodrpaar paccTaBJIeIIIIbIe TAM IIpeAMeTbI, BOCUpOUSBeCTMCIOns-
(Popuaqrfro.
K[vlfi"l*i-\rgf,*fr'
K)j-*
{Lr.,{rb",Ty%n
I hdi*{&fl wuv+b 6Y'^$
3n6nuqeea M.tl. CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: KOHTPW1UOHAX - paûora KoHrppasBe4Knno HeAonyueHnp nona.q,aHueceKpeTHbtxMaTepnanoB B pW u npe4cra enren eù n Ho cTp aHHbtx pas Be,quBaren buarx cnyx6. flpurvrep uc''oJrbgoganuff âToro MeroÀa np'rBeÀen Ha puc. 8 u 9. Ha puc. 8 zso6parrcegbr a66arcrno r ero pagJrrrrrxbre cayxc6u: HaÂBopubre uocrporîrn, 6u6nuorexa, rracoBns ï Àp. Ha puc. 9 u rpu pfiAa uao6paxcenÉr orAeJrbubre o6senTbI' accoquupylouluecs c reMu kllrvr ul}dbrMlr MbrcJraruz 6y4yqeft uporoBe4vr v pactroJrorrceuuËre Ha ryrpr vepes a66arcrso. ICor4a Morrax'y neo6xo4lrMo BcrroMurtrb Bcro perrb, oH MbrcJrer{HonpoxoÀr4T aror rryrË' <
pff,q Ha ABe troJroBr4rrËr.
CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo KPnnTOI-PAOnfi- HayKaraùuoro HanucaHnncoo6uleHnfl. Tepmnucocronr ns rpeqecKuxcnoB kryptos (cexper) u graphos(nucauo).r4o lg2l r. cnoBo
88
l4oneumanffi Ue npUeu u ganon UxAuun. Mueuomexuuxa paseeôquxOe
BARBITONSOR
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3n6nuqeea fil.fl.
paæeèqunog llxenomunuxa ue npuenu sdnonunaHun. flonenmanbr,
J4uexxogrr'rMnpneMoMnonbsoBancs1U.,onucannufi e pa6ore A. Jlypuvr"ManeHbKaeKHr4xKa o 6onuuroùnausrn". [U. noMeqafl cfloBa, Koropbte B BuAeo6paeMy npeparann.qnn ganoMuHaHrfl, soB Ha yJrr4qAx ero pogHoro ropo.qa. l'lpn Bocnpou3BeAeHUU pspdâ C'|OB [lJ. crnPOXO,Q]rJrn nO TOMy Xe
Mapupyry u ((co6nP€M"ena o6pa3br. CoeepueHHoceKperuo: (xonrppa*qH*arenbKP Krc) - Kot'"rpapasae4Ka nuû orgen). Cne4cnyx6a, saHnMatoulaf,cnpacKpb,TneM BpæKecKnxareHToB,SaroBoptr$4 KoB, npeAoTBpat4eHneMocTpHxnonuTuttecKnxn BoeHHb,x cuTwUnù, AnBepcnû, eaupttoù nonnrnqecKux, BoeHubtx, 0KoHoMn qecKnxceKpeToB. ?Irar, BaM rrpe4nararor BarroMnrirrb p,f.q cJroB, KaK, EarrprrMep, B TecTeoqeEKIr traMfiTrr, uprrBeAeEEoMB rJlane eOr reopuu K uparTrrrce).
,Qrapr,rxa6nu flanana 96noxo Kapaugau l-posa Vrra 06pfr MenuHuqa [-lonyrafi flncror 91
3n6nu4eea M.ll. Aas roro .rro6n gatroMnrrrb ctrucox cJroB, Eytrcuo Bapanee rroAroroBrrrbcs. Haupuncep, BËr6y4ere pacuonararË err{ cnoBa rro Aoporc na pa6ory. Paao6reM ,qopory rra rrecxoJrËKoJrçracrxoB: noÂbe3A, neuexoAnulù nepexog qepe3 Aopory, aBTO6yCHae OCTaHOBKa, aero6yc c KoHôqyKTopoM, no.q3euHurfinepexog B Merpo, rypHnKer B MeTpo, Merpo, BbrxoAH3 MeTpo, sa6op BoKpyr3gaHlre eauefi pa6oru, BbtBecKayqpexAe{ne. Irllrenno B ernx Mecrax urr 6ygeM pasMerqarb rrpe.qMerrr. Moncer rron1nrrrrbcarrprrMepno cJreAyrorqee: 1. l-lepeg BaunM no.qbe3goM KTo-To (npunapKoBar,, Ænpnxadna. 2.Kax ronbKo BH crynunn Ha neuexo.qxulù nepexo,q, 3aropenacb epKaqnaMna, ocBeulalou{aflAopory. 3. Ha aero6ycHofr ocraHoBKenpo,qant s1noxn. 4. KoHgyrcop qro-ro nruer KapaHÆauoMHa BarueM 6nnere. 5. B noAseMHoMnepexoge H.qer rposa. 6. Ha rypHrKere cuAtATyrKa n BHilMarerbHo cne,qhr 3a BCeMnBxorqgt4rMhnloAbMyt. 7.Ha craHllur4 rhMHacrKvlus l-tt4pKaKpyrer o6py,t. 8- Buxog 143Merpo nperpax.qaer MenbHurla, h HIDKHo npone3aTb Mexgy ee nonacTflMt4. 9. Ha sa6ope chAnr nonyran n Kphqar nfluacrpbt, nhaCTpbl,,.
92
MouenmonbHb,e np ueribt 3anoMuHanun. MnenomexHuKa pasaeduuxoe
10. Ha Mecre BbrBecKLr WpexgeHufl Br4cnr6onuuoù 6eriuù nncroK. Teuepr, Kor4a Bac rrotrpoc.ffT rroBTopr{TË crrncor cJroB, BËr MbrcJrenno troBTopaere cnoË tryrb na pa6ory rr rragbrBaeTe cnpsTaHrrbre TaM rrpeAMeTËI.
CoaeputeHHoceKperHo: KPOT - areHTpagBe4,Ku,KaKnpaBnno, gaHnMapunù earcoxnù nocr Bo BpaxecKnx rocy4apcrBeHH*x nnn BOeHHHX, pAsBe,4HBaTenbHbtx CTpy'
93
3n6nuqesa M.fl.
flpu4yrvrafire cnoù Maprupyr An.flsaroMrruarruffcJroB: 1 ro,{ra 2 ro.rra 3 roqra 4 roqra 5 roqra 6 roqra 7 roqra 8 roqrca9 roqra 10 ro,{ra I\llrrcvrennoupoËAlrre rro srouy Maprrpyry, rpoBepbr€, Her Jrrr Kaxrrx-Eufygs CJIOBaII3.qpyI0rc
Barpy4rrenlz;ft. A reuepr pacrroJrotnr4Te
TeCTaB OTIIX TOTIKaX: IICIIIXOJIOIIæIeCKOIIO
1. Cauoner 2.9.aûnux 3. 6a6oqra 4.Horu 5. Caeqa 6. Taqra 7. Xypnan 8. Maunna 9. Cron6 10. Spesno 9ro6u rroBTopnrbsanouurraeMbrecJIoBa,npoË4ute (MbreJrennof rro Mapupyry.
TeuepË Bbr HaBepHfiKa He sa-
6yAere rrlr o,quo cJrono lla crrtrcKa.
94
Itlo nexmanbHue npuenN gononuHdnun. ltlnenomau uKapaz eeiuuxod
flaustu nportlBocrot4T yHt4rfroxaou-leù BpeMeHil.
cune
A.C. nnxaqea MepoùBpeMeHrRanqercenaMRTb. ERraHcrseHHofi B. l-xeropvux
Accorlnauiun Apyruu BaxsbrM rrosarrreM rl oArroBpeMenrroMero,qoM MrreMoEuK,u,ffBJratoTcaaccoquaqull - MËlcJrerrrrbrecBa3r{ MexAy AByMs o6paaaur.
CoaepweHHoceKperHo: KPbIWA - opraHnsaunnnnn Wpex4eHne, padoroù B KoropoùpaeaeAquKnpnKp*Baer cBolopasBeAHBarenbHyto(xonrppasBeguBarenanyn) apflTenbHocrb. AuepnxaHcRRM rrcrrrxoJrrrsrBlrcrou Ax. A. Mro;rnepoM 6una rrpe,qJro)Keualcnaccu$lrxaqrlff accoquaqlrfi, yqnTbrBaroulas n Jrorrary, tt ucuxonoruro, r Qu.uocoQnro vr JttrrrBr{cfrirKy oÂrroBpeMeEso. flo ronrpacry (anrorrarrcrr): uorcprrË - cyxofi, vepsarû - 6errrË. flo cxo4crBy (cuuornurr): 6onr - crpagasne, 6ucrpo cTpeMI{TeJIbHo. flo anyraguro: cos - ToE, rJraa - TaB, BoJra - AoJra, cyA - rryÀ.
95
3n6nuueaa M.n. flo rcopuro cJroBa: Bbrcora - Bbrcot
Spyrcr; Myxrqu-
,{onoararorque o6cronreJrbcrBa: rrpoÀBrr)fierrre - rraBar{, BrrepeA; 6exarr - 6rrcrpo, MeAJrerruo. ^ urrpeAeJreHrir.fi:KoMHaTa - TeMr{aff, eBeTJras; Myrrcrrrrna -
cMeJrbIË, rpycnlrnrrË;
rreJroBer -
go6pnù,
xca4-
nrrË. DroqenrpuqeexueorBerbr (nrvnocrrrbrepeaxquu): oArlHorrecTBo
-
BcerAa,
HrKorÀa;
yc[ex
-
HeBoSMo]rdHo,
BOSMO,Ic'HO,fi AOJIfiCeH.
ConepweHHoceKperHo: KyPbEP - nocbrnanatù, orleqapquù sa AocraBKy n coxpaHHocTbceKpeTHHxAaKyMeHToBU MATepnanOB. nassrru
n o6paBoBaHr{u accoqua4uir fBJrfercg spKocrb o6paaa. rlem ffpqe o6pasrr, .reu doaËure paaBlrro y Bac Boodpancerne, TeM Jrerqe coaAaBarb cBffBrr MelrcÂy Hr.IMr{, pt, cooTBeTcTBeHHo,TeM 6onrrue cJroB Bbr 3a[oMHure. Eror MeroA MneMouurr
96
paseeôuuroe Mxenomexvuna MaueumanbHHe npuewbr 3enowuHluun. CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: nEfAnbHHn PASBEA4âK - corpyqHnK pasBeqKbr, rcoropaù HanpaBneH aa py6ex xarcoQnunanunaù npe4craBurenb caoeù crpaHH, To ecrb padoraer noq n eran bHHM np uKqHTu eM coTpyAHuKa An nno MaTn.te cxoù nnn roproaoù unccnn. Kpoue roro, accoqrraquu ,qoJrtrcnËr 6rrrr neo6rr.rnrrMlr, HecranAaprnbrMrr,HeBepoffTnbrMrr rr Aaxcea6cypgxsrlru. EanaJrbnbreu cn5nrubreaccoquaquu 6ucrpo sa6rrnarorca EJrrr BcrroMrruarorcs c rpy4oM. Hanpurvrep, MorKHo BarroMrrrrarË,rITo ra3 He Irpocro rag, a rag c yruaMn, 6ereMor - aro nJratryrqee Heqro B rraMrrepcax, rpe6yrcqee c4eJrarËeMy Barrrry B pesrrrroBorrr6accefine u rrJrroxrryBrueecs ry4a c paa6ery, y rro6rrrcac ay6noË uacroË (xoropufi BaM HaAoHe sa6blrr ryuurr) Bbrpacraror rrolrcnu n rrodpm uo46eraer K BarrreMyHarraJrbu![Kyc aBHbrMHaMepeureM pasprrcoBarb eMy MopAarrJKy.
- l4georbre nrcarb, Baule npeBocxo,qhrenbcrBo, B ropo4 Caparoe,crano 6uru... Ero 6naroporqntorocno4Llnytlroey BacnnbnLty... Bacnnuu,{y...ano Qanannnu... A Qaunnua Bor rl sa6un! ... TaKaqeqe npocraq Qaurnnfl... CnoeHorar 6ur nouagnHafl...Ko6urnr'rù? Her, He ro6unnin l-locroilre... Xepe6qoB HeuJro:Her, v He Xepe6rloB.flonltno,Qaunnns nouJagnHae, a KaKas- Hg ronoBbreuulil6no. - Xepe6grHhroa? 4. 3n6nrqeeaM. A.
M.fl. 3n6nuqeaa
KoHnrar ner. flocroùre... Ko6ulnraquH... Ko6enee'.. 6unsrHuKoB... - ero yx co6aqbq,a He nouaÂnHae.Xepe6qrroe? - Her n He Xepe6rnKoB...flouagw*VtH... floBce He ro!.. ruaKoB...Xepe6KilH... r He6y ... llprrrra3qrKBbrluenB ca]qh, norq,Hga rfla3a, cran nphnoMhHarbQauunntoaKqil3Horo: - Xepe6vhroe...'Xepe6roecrilù... Xepe6eHrlouta.qeBnlt... Ke... Her He ro...IoutaFluucrcwû... cxwû... Xepe6roBhrr...Ko6utnnH ro L ... l-lprara3l{ilKa rqenorpe6oaanLB AoM. - Ta6ynoe?- cnparur4Banv y Hero. - Konurruu? Xepe6oacrnû? - HNrar Her, - orBeqar VlaanEecemqm, noru,HFBrnasa, npogonxan .qyMarbBcnyx: - KoHeHXepe6eee...Ko6utneB... Ko...KoHqenrco... - flana! - Kpr,lLrarw vs.qercroÉ. - ïpoûrnn? YeAeqrmH? Ha*qyuar,Baure npeBocxoghrenbcreo! 3aKphqanoH parqocrHo... Oacoe!OecoeQanaraflilg aKqHgHOrO! oeCoe,Ba[!e npeBocxognrenucrao! A,n, \exoa "J7outa,a,nHafl Qamunnn" Xopouro sanoMrrualorcs
r{ cMerrruble accoquagun.
A6-
pao, Koroprrfi BbIBbIBaer y.nu6rcy, AoJrbrrrecoxpausercs B IIaM8T]I. He gnaro, paccMerurlr JII{ Bac raxofi Sarcr: B fiycrbrue Caxapa uAer cner. Ho ero, geficrnureJlbuo, parrs 1979 ro4a.
98
6rrno 18 $eu-
paseeôuuxoa MueuomexHuKa npuew*3onowuHauun. MouenmanbHile CoaeputeHHoceKperHo: duorpaQus, Koropyto conEfEHgA - BbtMbtuJneHHas paSBeAKUBHAaer 3a CBOTO B Uennx KOHCnUTpyÆHuK pauu n. Ilogxpennnercfl , KaKnpaBnno, no,agenbHHMn nnu qyxu Mn AoKyMeHTaMu. flpeyaenurrenue urJrur,nao6opor, yMeubrrrenlrenpe4Mera To)rceffBJrffercrrnprreMoM cosÂaurlff neo6rr.uroË accoqua\fitr. Ipe4uer, 6olrrrunit unu MeHbrrrrrË,ueu oH ecrb rra caMoM .qeJre,BarroMuuaercs HaMHoro JrJrrrue. Bce enaror, rrro MbrrrrlrlrMeror AoBoJrbHo ne6o.nurue paaMepbr.CoagaËre o6paa, B KoropoM rr{rautcraff Mbrrub paaryJrrrBaer rro JrecyB llorrcKax cbrpa.
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: finHnfl KP - no4pasp,eneHne euewueù KoHrppaapesu4eHrypax BeÆKu a sapy6exu*x Kfï. nnHnfl nP - no4pas4eneHuenonuru.tecxoùpasBe,q,Kn B pesn4eHrypaxKfE. nnHUfl X - noqpasAeneHueHawHo-rexHnqecrcoù pasBe4KuB pesu4eHrypaxKf6. IrIraH, accoquaquu AoJr)KHbr6srtr: ) aprue, rlBerubre; F gnuxyquecff; ) neodrrrrgbre,HecraxAaprr{bre,HeBeposrgbre,a6cyp4HbIE;
D cueruurre; ) cnlrnrxovr do.rrrurrreurtr cJrvrrrrxoM MaJrerlbKrre.
99
M.fi. 3n6nuueea CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: HABOALIUK- nnuo, yKas*Bapu4eecorpy4HnKypa3BeAKuHa qeno*eKa, Koropaù uoxer 6aru noreHun' anbHbtMareHToM. flocne sToro npoBoAurce onepaTuBHaflpaapadorxa. o6pasou, KalrcÀoe nocJregyroqee cJIoBo cBsabrBaercff c rrpeAbrAYrrluM, Lr B rrTore AoJrrrceHrroJlrrrrrbcs uB Bcex cJIoB, BxoAflpaccxaa , v:Jrvrqefior{Ka accoqlla\uft, Tarnu
rr1rrx B crrlrcox. floupodyeM cosAarb raxoft paccxaa ro yxce SHaKOMOMyHaM CrrHCKyCJIOB:
.0,rapraxa6nu r|auna 916noro Kapangaut I-poaa Yrra 06PY't Menunuqa l-lonyrafr r|rcror yBeflo scnoMy roJly6omyNe6yrJlbrBerArrpuxca6.nr, ruannrrË JIaMnaMu.Ognaxo BMecro aJlexTplrqecxux JIaMI B rrux Brpyqeurr s6noxlr. Kanlrrarr Brlgrrr orpoMuyrc MaqTy-Kaparrgaru,K noropoir *t [prrrrBaproBblBaer csoË xo' pa6.rrr. B aro BpeMff rraqunaercs rpoaa, MoJrrrlrffy4apffer B Ârrpurrta6nr vr erg Hero BblJleraer yrxa. Vrxa Jlerlltr K ÀoMV, HA Kpblrue KoToporo B KarrecTBearrrerrrrbl ycraHoBJreHo6pyu. O6pyq Ha ÀoMe pacxarrfiBaercs or Berpa, rcoroprrù coaÀaror Bparqarouluecfi Jronacrrr MeJrbnpïrlbr.
100
MouexmanbHil e npuevu sanofl,uH0uun, Mueuomex+uKqpaæedvuxoe B carvroËMenËHuqe trotryraË yrnr MeJrËHlrKatre.rb xne6, pacxalKrrBarrno orpoMHoMy JrucTKy c peqerrToM,trpoclltparouleMycff rrepeSBecb rroJr.
CoeepueHHoceKperHo: HAXWBKA(pyccxnù repmnn) - xeHt4nHa-areHr,KaTopansageùcreyercn rnaBHuModpasomB onepaunu olToennHaxnB+an,Q,ne nonweHnsnHTepecyoryeùnueepdyeuoro, or cosq,aHneycnoauù gna Qopma4un ero uaHTaxa nnn KoMnpoMeTaunn.
floupo6yfire caMu cocraBlrrb paccraa- ( MynbrQu.rrru r rr3 cJreAyroulerocuucKa cJroB:
Cauroner 9aùnnr Sa6oqra Horr Ceeqa Taqra Xypnan Maunna Cron6 Spesno C uorvroulbroMero,qaaccoqraquË MotrcnoBarroMuuarb lr cLIMBo.nu.Haup[Mep, .Iro6bl garloMrlnrb xuMrl.Iecnlaft srrar BoJrora (Au), MorKHo rrocrpor{rb cJre4yroqyp accoquaqrlro: SoJroToMHorue ErrIVT, Kor,qa IITO-TOlrrqyT, To Kprrqar oAyo - oro u ecrË xrrMr,lqecxufi BEaK BoJrora, Harrucannrrft JrarrrncrcrrMr{dyrcnannu.
101
3n6nuqeea M.fl. CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: HEnEfNl - corpy4HnK coBercxoù paaBe4Kn, Haxognqnùcfl Ha oneparnBuoù padore sa pydexou n BHAapquù ce6s sa rpax
3aqem ganoMuHarb cnncKu cnog? ,{na rrJurrocrpaqnu rrp]IMeHeH?IffocHoBHbIx rrpueMoB MHeMourrxrr - accoqvar\urfi n Sona, MËr uc[oJlbooBarrrr crrrrcru He cBrraanubrx Me)rc4y co6où cJIoB. Tarcpre Ece curIcxln cJIoB IIpIIMeII.flrcTCfl lI B rICI/txOJIOruuAJIff OIIpeAeJIeHI4ff]4)oBHs IIaMsrlr. A xax gru Mero4br fiprrMeH.arb s o6rrtruofi xugnu? Sarrouranaurre crrucra cJroBpaALI paaBreqenr[ff ApyaeË, sanoMr{Harlue cllrlcKa IIoK]moK, BeJII{KoJIe[HbIe lloKaSarelru ficvrxoJrorfflrecxoro recrlrpoBarrtrfl rrpu rrpfieMe Ha pa6ory - otleBr{,qubre rrprfMepËr ucfioJrbgoBanrr.a ororo MeroAa. Ho ecnu coeArrnrrrb rrprreMu Qoua rr accoquar\ertt c nprreMoM BbrAeJreHuff KJIIoqeBbrx cJroB Tencra, ro odracrb lrpfiMeuenug grrrx MeroAoB crarroBllrcs
6egrpaufiqnofi.
Banou?Inaa
qerrorrxy
<,6e4 KJIrcqeBbIX CJIOBAOKJIaÂa nJIU BbICTImJIeHLIfi, MOTICHO Koucrrexlar Bbrcrynarb [epe.q "rrro6oft ayArrropueit u 6rrrr qprlr gToM yBeperrHbrM, rrTo Hrlrclero ne sa6y4errrb. SanonnlrHas qenorrxy KrloqeBbrx cJroB uayuuoË crarbu TIJITIKHIltrrI, MorKHO AeraJrËHOCCËrJrarËCfiIrA JrOrUKy paccyrKÀeHr[fi aBTOpa BO BpeMfi Hafruoro
cuopa. flpoana;rnanpyftre
cBolo npo$eccu-
oHarrbHyK) AegrenËHocrb, rr Bbr HaBepHgKa yBrrArrTe, rrT0 MeTOAbI MII€MOHIIKIIIMOTI{HOyCIIêIIIHO rIpIIMeHflrË rA n neË.
102
pazeeèvuxoe npuewu3anowuH0uun. MuenomexHuKo MoneumanbHHe CoaeputeHHoceKperHo: HEnEfAnbHAg PESWAEHWPA - rpynna areHroB, noq.tuHetot4uxcn HeneranbHoMypesuqeHry u SaHnMarctuuxc n c6 opo u p asBeAbtBarenuuoù uu Qop u a4n u .
Pagyra, qncno nn u .qpyrre Cyqecrsyror r.r rarrre nprleMbr BarroMrrnaulrff, KoropbrMr4rreJloBexnoJrbSyeTcJr, He lloAo3peBaa,qTo aTu rlpneMbr sBJrffrorcff MueMorrllqecrcrlttz. Tax, Arff BarroMrruaqBeToBB crreftTpe [c[oJrbsyeTrrrrff [ocneAoBaTeJrbHocTrr cs rrpueM rrocrpoenrrs cMbrcJroBrrx@pao r4B HaqaJrbnbrx 6yrcn BaroMrruaelroft unQoplvraqrru: . ffepnrre 6yxnËr cJroB, Bxo,qfirrlrrx B ary Qpaay, coBrraAarorc repBbruu dyxnaMfi IIBeroB c[exTpa: KpacuËrË, opanlrcentrfi, xcenrrrË, BeJreHrrË, rony6oË, ctrnvrir, Suo.nerosbrË. I{nera pa4yru MorrcHo BarroMurrrb rr rro cJreAyroqefi Spaee:
IUIAHSI
CONTTE'TTTOË CUCIEMbI
MO)ITHO IIâ3bIBâTb'
sarroMnrrB cJregyrorq)ryo ôpaay: <Marrra BeHrrKoM BeMJrroMeJra,
103
3n6nuqeea M.tl. IOpa cuÀeJly Hopbr nayxa>. He aa6y4rre, rrro s eroË Qpaae (yr - orro rorrce cJroBo.I,Irarc: MepxypnË, Benepa, Serrta, Mapc, IOnurep, Car5pn, Vpan, Henryn, flrrpon.
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: pasO1EPATUBHAflnfPA - nepe4aqacorpy4HuKoM BenKu,xoropaù Ba4aer ce6s ga BpaxecKoroareHTa, noxuoù unQopuaunnBparyu nonryeHneB orBer ro.tHHxcBe4eunù. Tarczu Ececuoco6onaMorrcsoBbrlqs'1'" rropsAorcctrcreMarurlecxl{x KareropuË B gooJroruu: qapcrBo, Ttrrr, KJracc, orpag, ceueËcrBo, po4, BrrA. Àas groro Hylrcno BarroMHrrrb cJre,qyrcqyroQpaay: (Uapcxwit repeM KTo orxpoer, cpasy pbrrlapeMBeprrercaù.
ceKperHo: CoeepweHHo nAPAnCUXOfi Ofn qECKAnPAsB4l
104
npuewu3anoMuHanun. MuenomexHuKa paseeôuuxoe U9ryeryqnbHue 9ro6sr BarroMnrrrb rr[cJro nu - orrroureurre AJrtrrrbr oKpyrKrrocTr{ K ee ,4rraMeTpy - ,qo AecffToro-oArrHHa,qrlaToro srrÉrra [ocJre sansmfi, Hyrrcuo Bbryqsls cJregyroqyro Spaay: <3ro ff guaro r rroMuro rrpexpacmo, nu, Muorr{e Br{aK MHe Jrufrrlf,tt HarrpacHo,r. rrucno 6yrcn B KærcÀoM cJroBe - 9TO Buarrerrrre coorBercrByrouleË uo uopagry quôpbr, rraff c qrcra e4rrnrrq. flonyuaeres 3,t4159265358.
Harru-
ycnoBrnx naMFThecrb y.teY.rexue o KopeHHbtx Hhe o cufle, cnnaqHBalou{efi,cKnenBaoqeù BcqKoe npe4btgyqee co BcflKhM nocneÂyCIu44ru.TaKhM o6pagoM, .qenrenbHocTbnaMsrr4 oxBarbtBaer co6ofi Bce nchxuqecKue npolleccbt. U.M. Ceqeuoa
CoeepweHHo ceKperHo: nnAA u Kh'IHX(AII- ApeBHnearpn6yrat pasBeqqnKa n rilnnoHa. flnat4, qro6u nM yKp*Barbcfl, KnHxan qro6w nM sauntuarbcfl, yduaara Hana4arculux Bparoa. HeoQw4nanaHo repMuH ncnonbsyercn gna o6oSHaleHnn wnuoHcKoro peMecna - Kpbruapn nnaua u KHH)Kâllâtt.
Pnrunsaqns n pnQMoBaHne t{ro nauflTb- t(oMnac? Vlnn crapurftcnafig? flno.qoHocnqrafiunn Mepreuft ca+? 105
3n6nuqeea M.tl.
Oqar c gonoù nnu Qarer, LtrogaxxeH Ha cesen noKonenuûn apeueH? H. l-pndauea Prarùrusaqvrfi. -
[epeBo,q unQopuaqvlvr B crprxu' rreceucBgaarruËIe o[peÀeJIeHHbrM prITMoM unu puQ-
Krr, B crportl,
moË. SapuSrrosarrurrft yue6HuË MarepuaJl Jr]^rrue sarroMllHaercfl. Mox*ro flprrBecru rrplIMep rI3 rrrxoJlruofi rrpaxTrrxr{: He qyÀecuo, He [pexpacuo, A yncacno fi onacHo Eyxny T nracatb Hanpacuo. Bceu uoBecruo, KaK [peJrecruo Eyrny T uucarb yMecruo.
Sanouunanue qncen rIr.rclra ulparor orpoMr{yro poJlb B,nrIBHrr rleJroBera. Hyxcuo rroMurrrb HoMepa teneQonon, PIN-KoAII, Àarbr pox4enuË ra Maccy Apyrsx quceJl. Hau6o.uee npocrofi cnoco6 - 9ro ilpeo6paaonarb rrucJlo n o6paa, a BareM cocraBrlTb rlenoqny o6paBoB-KapruHoK, TotIHo rax )rce KaK n AJIff cJIoB. C noclegnefi ofiepaqreft vmr y)Ke BHaKoMbI(cvr. u. <.Accoqzaquu>). OctaJrocb rrpuÀyMart
o6paau AJIa Karrcgoù quSprt.
Hanpruep: 0 - KoJIeco, Mffrr' aP6ya 1 - cro.n6, Kapau.qa[I, cBerla 2 -.ne6egr, yrra, 3 - cepAIIe 4 5 -
fixra,
rycb ,
croJr
Kpron, 6apa6an c rape;rxoË
106
MoueumanbHu e npuevil 3anoMuHauun. MueuomexHuKapaæeôuuxoe 6 7 8 I
-
Jronara, pydra yrec, 6yuepaur, S.rrar rra Beprûuue ropbr cneroBur, trecoquble rracËI tuap Ha [aJrorrre, Jry[a
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: nOnnfPAA - ycrpoùcrao ("geretçop fixerr,,),c noMot4bto Koroporo onpe4ennercçt cTeneHb ucKpeHHocTu nHrep Bbpn pye Moro, Aonpau uBaeMoro. B CWA n nrJa, npnBneKaeMbeK corpynHuqecrBy c QPY,npoxo4sr nocron HHytonpoaep t
0
1
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3
4
5
6
7
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107
M.fl. 3n6nutteea CoaepueHHoceKperHo: nOnnTnLlECKAfl PASBE4KA - pasgeqKa, Koropag BeAercn c 4enbrc c6opa wuQopmauuu o anyrpeuueù cnryauuu rocyAapcrBa npornBHuKa. l4nQopua4hfl, KaKnpaBnno, ucnonbsyeTcfl ucKnpquTenbHoc BHroAoù ,a,nscaoeù crpaHH.
Sanomvrnanue nnq vt nMeH Sanowrranaur4eJIrIq u rIMeH Tax)rie qacro corlpsrxeno c rpyArrocrlrMrI. Oco6enno rffrrceJlo cBaablBarb rIMeHa u HecKoJIbKo rro4xo4oB Salrnnrvr. c Jrtr\aul1t. Cyqecruyer rrraroM K ycflepnsru r oroË upo6neue BarroMuxaurr.fi. [errrnoMy garroMlruarrllrc rrMeHrI ra Qauranr{rr HoBoro anarrMs npu KoMoro 6yger npocroe roBTopeurle. florropure gHaKoMcTBe, no BoBMOIKIIocTIIo6naengfiTecb BIIB?ITKaMII, naarrsafiTe HoBoro gnaroMoro rro uMeHrI B Teqeuue 6eceAH, noBTopure rIMa rlpoqagcb. Paasusafite na6JIIoAaTeJlbrrocrb. BnunrareJlbuo, Ho AeJIrlKarHo paccMorpr{Te Jrrrqo codecegnvrna, uoyqn*a qeprbr ero Jrrrqa, Bbl4eJrure (oco6bre rrpuMerbl>. Cssficldre rIMs groro rIeJIoBeKa c ero o6pasou. HaËÀure napaJIJIeJILIMelKAy ero $avrullteir
u ero o6-
JrrrKoM, [prrBbrrrKaMr4.
CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: C1EUHA3 (ad6peBuarypa or nonHoro HasBauua) qacrn c neun anbHoro Hag*aqeunn (enur Hbte c n euaoù cxa). Beqyr 6oeayn pasBe4Ky n B*nonHflnr cneuuKaKB MnpHOeBpeMrt,TAKU anbHile BoeHHHeMUCCUU 108
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I
d',
B ycnoBnnx aoùnw. 6oùUoa cnegHasa roToBflT, KaK npaBnno, A,ttf,npoBe4eHnn ocoflux raùuatx onepa4uù (cxpatran pasBeÆKa,ca6otax, AnBepcun B THny npo_ TnBHnKa,nnKBn4a4un u r. A.).
gfigernqecKae naMsTb
l*i
He*oropbrê flsrop'r ''o,,ynsprrbrx Mero*rr* Tpe']rpoBKlr ''aM*ru ''peÀnararor r{ MeroA Tpe*,nposxn afiAeruqe_ croË ''aMATU' gror Mero,q AOBOJrbrro upocr. HyxRo uocMorpeTb rra trpeAMer' Ba*pËrrb ryra'a r{ ,,otrbrrarbca ero TOq',o BoctrporSBecTrr. 06rr.r'Io percoMeE.qyercs SAtrOMrlrrrarb rpu xaparcreprrbrx trprra'arca trpe.qMera nn BcrroMrr-
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UPN.
slrarcoB yBentr9rrBaercff, r{ B rcoHeqEoM rrrore garroMrrrra_ ercs Becb o6pae trpeAMeTaB qeno*. To ecrË sAtrOMrr'a'lre odpaea rrporcxo'qltT Tarc ECe' KAK [r y nrorqeË, odnagaroqux aËAerra.recxoËrraMarbro.
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CoaepweHHoceKperHo: TAKQ n qECKAgtpAgBFAt
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f,x, a TaKxe AaHHHx o6 oûctaHoBKe
:"
WacrKe 6oeauxgeùcranù.
I
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109
Ha KoHKpeTHoM
3n6nuqeaa M.fl.
MxeuroHnKan Aeru Koge.rrro,
Bee otl,ncarr*bre
flpneMbr Ba,loMrrHaHLTg rrpuBEÀEEbI ÀJIfi BSPOCJIOTOIII4TATEJIfi, KOTOPTTË AHACT, IITO II SaqeM or{ xoqer SaloMHrrrb. A uoxno JII{ pa3B}rBarb IIa_
IrsrË y pe6enxa? KoneqHo! flannsrr y gereË Jrerqe Bcero pasBuBarË Bo BpeMff Urpbr. rcuxonoru [peÀJrararor HecKoJrbKo TaKI{X rrp.
!
CoeeputeHHoceKperHo: çlP - e4epHas pasBeqKa. OAuu us BuAoBpasBeAKU. 3auwuaercn c1opoM u aHannsou uueopMarJuu no pa4nauuu n ApyrnM npn3HaKaM,yKasHBapuJuMHa ncroqHuKn pa,qnoaKTnBHOrO nsnweHnn. SaceKaeTcft TaKXen dera-nsnyueHne, ncnycKaeMoes4epHbtM BOopweHueM.
Vlrpa cKyrnoeo;11 Bapocnrùr -
(nyKJroBoA< BaBffBbrBaerrJra'a pedenry vr
CBOIT IqBII'ICCHIIA.,(NUXCHII.fl
IIOCTCIICHHO
MO'IC.
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't 10
UpySlAlabHHe npueMu 3anoMuHauun. MuenomexHuKapaæeôuuxoe [Jrerro rr r. A. flounuo rraMsrn, s groË nrpe Mo]KHopaaBrrBarÉra noo6pa*cerrre pe6errca. ,{ocraroqno [pocro rroMerrsrbcr c pe6eHKoMpoJrffMrr.flycrr B poJrrr (KyKJroBo4ar 6y4er pe6enon, H rrycrb orr caM [prrAyMbrBaer Mapupyr Ans nac. Btrr ,rce,qrodbr [poBeprrrb, KaK xopouro (KfK. JroBoÂ' sarroMrruJrrrp]rgpannrrË uM MaprupyT, crreqnaJrbrroAenafire onru6rcraB Maprupyre. CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: PaguopasBe4Ka HaLranacBoù BeKc nso1pereHueM palquonepeÆarqnKa llonoaa n MaprcoHn B l BgT r. Bnepaue pa4nopasBe4Ka u pa4nonepexBar Gamn npnMeHeHHB foccrco-anoHcKoù BoùHe.Kcrarn, uMeHHo ngaa roro, qro a4,MupanPoxcAecTBeHcKuù ceoeBpeMeHHoHe paspewnn coa4arb noMexn B ofunpe enoHcKoro narpynbHoro xopa6nn, ero scKa4pa 6Atna yHnqToxeHa.
Vlrpa rrGgenafi, rar np: BogrMvre ruecrb crrr{rrer u BbrJroxcnre[porrggoJrbnyro KoMIIoalr4Elo' SaTeMIIa o,qHy-ABeceKyHAbI IIoKa]IcuTeee pe6enrcy. Ou rrg cBofix crrlrrrer AoJr]KeHBbrJrorxrlrbroqno TaKyro }Ite surypy rlo rraMffTlr. flpn yclleruHoM Bbr[OJrHeIJ.nvr Ba,4aHritff KoJrr{lrecTBo
cIIr4qeK
rrocTerreHHo
yBeJrrltrlrlt-
Baerca rc 12-15. B aroË urpe rarrrce MorrcnotroMeusrbcs c pe6enxoM poJrgur.r.flpe,qJroïcrrreeMy BbrJroxcnrbKoMrrosrrrluro, c,qeaafire B cBoeft xouuo3llqru
ouu6ry.
gror
IIPUEM IIOSBOJI'ICTPASBI{BATËr NOO6PA)KEH?IE, rI BIIIIMA. nrae pe6eHKa - KArrecrBa, Heooxograurre B TOM trrlcJre !r .qJrff paSBuTLrS.IIaM,ITII.
111
M.fl. 3n6nuueea
Bnnuanue - cocpe4oroqeHHocrbqenoBeKa B A a H n u f i M o M e H TB p e M e H nH a K a K o M ' n u 6 o o6uerre: npeAMere,co6urrn, o6pase' paccyxAeHUnn r.A. Boo6paxeHne - ncuxuqecruftnpoqecc, Koroputù Moxer BblpaxarbcnB nocrpoeHruo6pasa vlnncoSAaHnhnporpaMMblnoBeAeHne' npe.qMeTa AesMuuneHne - npoqeccno3HaBarerlbHoù TenbHocTt4qefioBeKa'KoTopa'lXapaKTepil3yeTcg orpaxeHneM o6o6uleHueMv onocpegoBaHHblM AeÉcrenrefibHocru. )rce Barun
Ecnn
tfilITe EM O [pueMax flpnAyuafire
IIpocTo
9TII IIpueMbI
vtIIvI qefiorlKy [puMeHIIMbI
B IIIKoJIe. MorxsO [pI4BecTtI - Ilp]rAyMarb caMuM. a nyque
nOJryqaeMbIM Knrrru,
-
paccKa-
SanoMIIIIArIVIfi., KOTOpËIe SHAeTe CaMII'
BMeCTe MaprupyT KaK
flOralgte,
AeTr[ rrrKoJrbEIIKII
accoqnaqufi. K SHaHlI.sM'
npIIMepbI
I13 OrOË
ceKqerHo: CoaepweHHo u unoHaxaAarnpyercn KoH' M*wneHHaro npo Haqano npo)Ulll a. Taùua,noKpHBaBwae uau Wtt Haqanom usBo4crBoQapùopa a Kwrae,o6eperanacbc Haqana tV e. Boùna3a nonweHnesroro ceKperaBenacbHe' ropooAHocronerue. On nponsgo4nncnB SaKpbtroM 6an eaxpan' t
pasaeàuuxoa MueuomexHuKa npuevH30nowuHauun. MoneumonbHile
u Ho.ibto.Llepeuu eeponeùUêM,xoropaù e 1712 r. yKpanceKpernsroroBneHusQapQopa,6an Qpanupcrcnùnacropg'Aurpexona.
?Irarc, c noMorrlrro aroË rJraBbr Bbr Jrerro ofipegeJrrrre, KAKUe rrpueMÉr SarroMrrrraHlrsBaM rrpeÂJrararor B ,qpyfux KHlIrax. Bce geno B ToM, rITo trpueMbr arrr crapbl, KaK MaMOHTbI,
HO, MeH8fi
UX HaIIOJIHêHIIê'
IitX BbIAAK)T
3A HOBO€,
To ecrb Ba xoporuo aa6uroe crapoe. A caMoe ryraBnoe aro cyrb. Cyrs u 6u.ua HarroJrrrexueMaroË rJraaËr. Jho4n 6ygyr .nrc6urr Bac u ynrrdarrcs rprl Bcrperre, roroMy qro BËr 6y4ere 6ea oco6oro rpy,qa BcrrourrrrarË, KaK Koro goByr. A Ars rleJroBexarrer rrperpaeuee BByKa, IIEM
SBYK
ETO IIMEHI/I.
Bce, rrro BaM ocraerca c,qeJrarb,rraltrrrrBruucËpaBBHBarb naMffTb, oro paaBurb vt aoo6paxcenrre,qJrfiToro, rrro6rr Hafiru upriMeuenue paBBfiTofi uaursrn. Teneps Bbr Molnere rroaadorrrrca se roJrbxo o csoeft IIaMfiTII,
I I
i t
IIO I/t O IIAMfiTII
BAIIIUX
AeTOK.
NPffiOXEH14E NOflESHOE ll naMerll) (gnqpasB,tnte Bo06paxeHns MorKHo ctrrlTarb [paKTrItIecKpIM MarepuaJroM, Ha KOTOpOMBbI MOIICeTeTpeHupoBaTbcs B paSBIlTtlI4 9ry
uaBy
CBOCU IIAMffTII.
I,I Àuarurocrrara, v reoprlff upofigeuu. ,{elo - 3a rlpaxpeByJIbTatU1çOfi, KOTOpAff,ICaK LISBSCTHO, AaeT Jlyrrl111ue Tbr, ecJIrI JrBJIffercJrrrocrognuoû.
CoeepueHHoceKqerHo: [1ep aan p asBzAHBarenbHaa cnpr6a aMep nKaH4eB n o' slunacb e 1777r., B paarap Boùuat3a HegaBncuMocrb. l-enepan BawnunoH Ha cBon cpe4,crBa opraHn3oBan orAen apueùcxoù pasaegKn,Koropaù coe4an pasBerBneHHW areHrypHyto cerb B THnynpornBHnrca.Ta,rl,<e ucnonbSoBallnàbn ocBe4oMuTenurc cpe4H MecTHbtx xnreneù, Koropbte cHrpann BaxHytoponb e no6e,ne. Ilonpo6yÉre Eurgaer Bo BpeMs
sanoMHglrb:
JIII BaM HSJIOBKO OT HSOTKUAaHHO sOggu6111eft odIqeuus nayabr, Kor,4a BpoAe 6u Ha4o o rreM'To
floroBopllTb,
a B roJIoBy
He [pI4xoAI{T
rroÂAeprxaurrffpaaroropa?
114
HPI OAHa tl4es
F,ttg.
pagaedquxoa Mueuomexuuxa npueuHganonuuauun. MoueHmanuu*e
t I I \
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: Beneunn cqnraerce poq,nHoù u rocy4apcraeuuoù AunnoMarnn, n raùuonncu. l4ueuHo raM a W e. Bnepaarc 6unn ucnonbsoBaHH n pagpadaramanncb pag' nuqH*e utnQpu AItn Ko4npoBaHnncoodqenuù.
i
Cyrqecrayer
:
Mrregr{e' rrro, KorAa JrroAffM He o rreM rro-
rOBOpLtTb, OHI4 CHarIaJIa Ha!II4HaIOT TOBOpIITb O IIOIOAe' rroroM o ÀoMaruHrrx ïcuBorHblx. Ho 6y4rre Herrpe4craayeMee, opygrlpoBanuee. llrefiTe rrpo garrac HecxoJlbxo QaxroB, paccKaaaB o Koropblx' Bbr, BoSMolrcno, cTauere ocnoBorroJro]rcurIxoM r,rntepecnoË ArrcKyccvffi ,rirvr pasroBopa. Sarrrr-urcropvrur Jrerro c fioMorrlbro [prrBeAennbrx s arofi rcurlre rrprleMoB BanoMrlnarrrrg. A ecnu Bbr He SHaere, qTo uMeHHo MorrtHo 3alloMrlHarb, HeKoroBauounrarb
rarrre
pbre llpnMepbr IIp]IBeAeHbr HpIEce.
CoeeputeHHoceKperHo: BnepaateAocraroqHo cepbesHopgBeAKa 6una ncnonbsoBaHa a Ernnre. Ilocxonatry Bce rocy4apcr*a, B ToM qucne Ernner, 6atnu BoeHHo-TeoKparnqecKnMncrpyKAeqTenbHocrbB Hux raKuPâMn, TOpaSBeAHBarenbHae xe Hoc nna xapa ffe p BoeHHo -nonnr n qecKoù paeee4xn . Haquuan c enoxn Qapaona Hycepra I (ox. 1950 r. go u.e.), ncnonæto*anacbpagBnran cucreMa oc*e4oMnreneù, Koropbrc npeqynpex(ÆanuQapaona o roroBflTJUXCçt MgTeXaX.
115
3n6nuqeaa M.tl. Virax, pasBrrBarb rraMsrb Morrcnonu6o gna pa6orbr, nu6o AJrs nurrubrx qe.rrefi, Ha[prrMep, uro6rr yÀrrBrirrb Apysefi, uopasfiTb cBotrMrr SHaHnffMlr, ragde,Icarb HeJroBKrrx raya n odrqenuu. flooroMy nonpo6yfire aanoMgrrrb cJre,qyroqee (sgpyr upuro.qurca) c noMorrlbro raxoro BanoMrrnarrrira, xoroprufi saM 6oree ygo6en:
[prreMa
o B DQuounu )rcenulr{HaMB qa,qpesarrperqexo trpbrrarb rro yJrlrqaM Ha ognoË Horrcxe.
o B Cnnrauype BarrperqexoxoÂrirrb roJrËrMtro ÂoMy aro pacqexr{Baercfl KaK rrop'HorpaQua.
o B Taunan4e Barrpeuleuo BbrxoÀETbHs ÂoMa, ecrn sa Bac Her Hrrx(Hero 6enrg.
o Boe6ygnreJrgus
a-rneprna
y Jove rngrrx
,r(EBorEbrx Ee roJIbKo trbrJrb, oarroga.e xElrEs E EeKOTOpble SaIIaxn, Eo lr qeIoBeK, c Koflgprrr SBepb BhrE]')r(.f,e8 AenrrTb KpoB. Moryr
6rrrr
o Tonrrco oÂtrrr rrg KalKrqbrxÂBafinaru ,rerr€Ëpozuaercs B AeHb, rrpe4cxasbrBaeMbrË Aoxropou. @ Cauoe pacrpocrpauennoe HMs B MEpe -
116
M1=.a-we -.
] I t
pazaeôwxoe npuevil3anoMuHouua. MxenomexHuKo MoueumanbHue
o cue)rcrruor c a6coJrK)THo oAr{HaxonoË rcpucraJr-
Asyx Jrrrqecrofi crpyxrypoË
He cyqecrByer.
o Cauufi nepnrrË TeJreBrrauoHsrrfirporrroa rroro4br 6rrn noKaBaHs Aurar,ru 11 nos6pa 1936 ro4a.
o IturaËcxas noogrrJrHaMHororouËrue rarny6lrce .ErroncxoË. @ @peË4a BoByr Surrrryng
o ,(ocroencxnË, Tapxoncxuitu Ko6o A6a THbr n uoaraQonrlrlubl.
aM6nsaren-
o B nepeuoAec Apennerpeqecxoro (oxJrocl - gro roJrua. OrgeJrbuoro upeAcraBlrreJrfieroË ToJrnbr,qpeBuuerpeKIT IIASbIBAJTVT (OXJIAMOHOMD.
o Axa4eulrr Jlan4ay B nocJreAueMrcJracceruKoJrbr HarrprcaJrcoqrrnexue Ha reMy : (TarËffEa 6rura oqeub cxy.rHas oco6at> B coqunenlrrr roJrbxo rrrecrb cJroB,rro.rr1qsy1 oH, Kouerrno, eArrurrqy. Ho oro He [oMerrraJIo eMy cTarb BeJTIIKLIM sUaUXOtU.
117
3n6nuqeea M.tl.
0 B csoeM AHeBHLTKeEnena ByaraxoBa paccxaoËrBaer, .rro BaneHTrrH Karaes nego.rrro6JruBaJrBy"rrraxoBa u Àarrce oAnalrcÀbr uy6nxvno HaBBaJrero <(rrcouoË>.
o B xonqe 1960-x roÂoB rro coBery rclrxuarpoB o6rr.rEbre Ha..IrHcII Ea craHIII,Isx JroHAoHcKoro MeTpo
CTOPOHbI ) . v
V 9Ënurrefina 6rrna pyccxas nro6osnnqa MaprappïTa (1900-1982). Csou o6que Berqr oulr Haabr*arrr- aJrbMapaMrlr, rro [epBoMy cJrory ero urMeHu (A.rrr-6epT) pr IIo nepBoMy cJrory ee uMeurr (Map-rapura).
o cnr,rruxoM Tyro BarfiHyrrrË ra-ncryx Mo)r{er. rrprrBecrrr K cJlerroTe' yTBeplKÀaroT aMepI4KaHcKpIef{eHble, TaK KaK TAJICTYK IIEPCTffTI{BAET gPEMI{Yrc BCHY II OKASbIBAET CTIJIb. HOe ÂaBJeIiIre Ea r;'Ia3Eoe ÀEo, rITO rIpfiBOÀr4T K paSBUTrIO
r.-ra1:iovbrrr rroJruoËc.rrenore.
o EÈa -
Mepa eMxocrtr, BMerrlarculaff 482 sfi\a.
o B xoHqe 1917 roga 6ruo coBepruenorrox!:rtreuue Ha Jreglrua, ero gacJronu"rr@. fl"rrarreH. C uoxyururBrrrrrvcfl npoBeJrllBocrrr{TareJrËHyro paoory u orrrpaBr.-Trrero s Fipac-
118
MoneumaabHu e npuewu 3anovuHauun.MuenomexH unapoæeôu uxoe Hyro Apuuro. florou n 1937 ro4y oH oraaaJrcff c flnarre'
HOM B OAHOM KOHrIJrarepe.
lo :
Anna
AxlraroBa
roBoprrJra: KorÀa Ha yJrrrqe Kprtrrar
<(AyparcD,neodaeaTeJrbrro o6opaunBaTbcff.
,o ;
B 65 .ner Cer-Cuuon trprrKaabrBaJr cBoeMynanero Karrcyrpo <,Bcranaftre, cy4apr! Bac 6ygurr ero cJroBaMpr: Aoe xçAyr BeJrrrxne4enat>
o B rroprcxrrx
ffBbrrax 6yAro 6rr ecrb BpeMff: He,qocroBepHoe nporrrJroe.
o flo Ba6eSy, xro pa6oraer Ba rrerBepbrx, rroAJrex(rrr KaBHrrKaK BaroBoprqur [porrrB o6ulecrna.
o fluoncruft
peqenr AoJrroJrerug: paa B rre,qeJrrcHurrero
He ÀeJIaTË.
Teopnre t,tQanrasnpyfire ,{aHnaa Knura orrpbrJra BaM-o.qrru HeMaJrenrxuËcerper - rre rax Muoro cnoco6os yJrpruurb fiaMffTb u He orrenb Mnoro recroB Ha rrpoBepny rraMffTrr.Cyrr rex ll Apyrrrx paccKaBaHas orofr Kxrrre. H ga.nrue Bbr caMlr Morrcere[prr4y-
119
3n6nuqeea M.fl. MbrBarb ce6e recrbr u llpueMbl Ha 3a[oMrrHaHpre. Toncrrre KHIITU
AJIg OTOTO IIIII K IICMY.
HTIC OAHOTO IT TOrO }KE. A
B rrgX
JIVIUIË PASHOE HANOJIHE.
CO3ÀATË HAIIOJIHCHVE
BbI MO,iCCTC
caMll, ecJru SHaere cyrb. Bce sasrlcr4T or sarrreË sanraalrra. BocuoyrrsyËrecr BrrraMrruoM 3@;, orBercrBenHbrM Ba cyrrlecrBoBarrue QaHraaepcrBa B BaTrreMopraHrrSMe, He ÀaËre eMy BarraxHyrb. V sac rraBepHfiKa troJryqarca ne6earrHrepecHbre recrbr' Ee xyx(e rex' qro npeAJrararorcff B MHorotrrltcJleHHbrx KrrHrax' flocB.ErqeHlrbrx pa3Bururo [aMgrLI. 3ro nerxo!
CoeepweHHoceKperHo: Ha SnuxueM BocroKe Anfl Qapaoua Attenxorena ttt (ox. 1450 r.) geùcraoBanu areHrbt, Koropbre npeAynpoKpann o roToBril4tlxcgæroÙoæX npoTnBnpaBnTenbCTBEHHùIX BOùCK
Bot, Harrpr{Mep,Tecr rra BarroMuttartuecJIoB,cBggagrrbrx IIo cMËrcrY, v cJroB,no cMbrcJryHe cBa3arrllËrx,xoroprrË nrr IIPOXOAIIJIU B rJIABE . IIPUUOMI{HA.
ere? Br"recrogrux trap cnoB Mo)KrrorrcrroJræoBarbqro yro/qso. Calr qpr4uqrru Ee nsMeur{Jrc.fic ApeBuerpeqecxrD(BpeMeH, A BO'TKOMnOEeErbrAJIfi Eero uao6perralorrcrÀo crf:( uop. Kro-ro fipe4naraer BarroMnrrrbAarbr u co6uur.fi, B aro BpeMs ttpousolue4rrrue.A notoivr, rraabrBa.E co6rrrus, EVXHO HASBaTb AaTbr.
CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: WUOPOKHU-A - Ko,qoBaflKHnra, nncbMo Hnn Kaxoù-nniygb reKcroeuù goxymeur, onpeAeneHHbte cTpaHuubt, cTpoqKu, cnoBa KoTopbrxucnonbsyraTce xax unQp nnu KoA.
120
3A0OM UHAHUS.MHeMOmexH uKa pa3Ee)quKo|
l I
Haupnnnep'BaM[pe^JrararorBa,,oM'rrrb(na uro Aaercs 1-5 rr,ruuyr): 1953 roA - yMeproBaphu{CranrH 3097 rog - nlr,4n Hayrinnncbflerarb 384 rog Ao H.g. - po.qhncnApracrorenb 1952 roA - porqilncel-lyrraH 1888 rog - Ban l-or cos,qanoHoqnoeroeeo 1901 ro' - HaqrHa,ornphclDK^arbcrHo6eneecKhe npeMHU 1855 ro' - e r.ueeùqapnuraeo6pereH'6esonacHbre
'cnhqKH
1555roA - Bbr.lJfla B cBer KHHraHocrpanaMycancroflgTHgn
1954 ro4 - cos.qaHnepeuù hcKyccreeHHuÉ anMag 1874 rq - ooxc raeodpen3oHn4Kco cnanbH'Mr4 cnuuauu A gaarme BaM Hyrrcno rrepeBepuyrÉ crpaulrqy, rl sa_ IIncaTb Te .qaTbr,KoTOpËIeBËI 3a[oMEI4JrU: B lueefi..J.apnunso6pereH' 6egonacHbrecn,qKn Cog.qaHnepeufr hcKyccreeHFtuùanMas _ Burluna B cBer KHhra HocrpanaMyca _ cDorc mso6pea soHrHKco cranbHbrM, cnhqaMn -
Ban l-or cos,qanuHosHoeraee, _ .l1o4r,rHayqunncbnerarb _ Poguncn l-lyrranPograncnApucrorenb Haqrnapr nprclDKqaruHo6ereecKr4e npeMnh_ CrannHyMep Moxcno c^eJrarb !r Bce nao6opor, BnrrcbrBarr codrrry,s'
121
ocTaBrlrrb .qarbr, a
3n6nuqeea M.fl. CoaeputeHHoceKperHo: OOTOPA3BEflKA - BnÆpasBep4,egrenbHocrn, ocHoBaHHHùua ncnonbsoBaHuuodaHuoro eororpaenpoBaHue. B uacrost4ee BpeMs QoropasBeAKa flBneercn cocraBHoù qacrap Bu3yanbno-o6pasuoù pasBeAKu.Axrneuo QoropasBe4Ka Beqercn co cnqHnKOB-UnnOHOB.
Pagse Bhr He cMo)Kere Harrucarb troJrear{rrË recr gna ce6a? Haupnrvrep, cocraBprrb ero r{B gHeË porr(AeH}rJrcBorrx Àpygeir. n anaxoMbix. pr neperruû ure vB BoarMn re BarrTysarrncuyro KHTTrrCKy Hee Ha JrrrcToK AHfr, MeCffqbr r{ roÀbr poE(ÀeHfis Barrrux gnaxoMbrx, a Ha[porrrB Àar rrpocranbre r{Mena. A renepr IICPEBEPHIITCJIUCTOKII HaIIIZTIII?IT€ToJIbKo ITMeHa. Bce, Terrepb Morrcere Harrr4HaTb recrupoBarb
ce6g IIo BaMrr }Ice
cocTaBJIeHHOMyTeCTy.
CoaeprueHHoceKperHo: TEXHWLIECI
122
=
paseeôuuxoe MueuomexHuKa npneMuganowltHluun. MOneumAnbHHe CoeeputeHHoceKperHo: eP - eneKrpoHHanpasBe4Ka, AaHHHe xoropoù god*ea,orcn ug aHannga eneKTpoMarHnrHoro nsnweHnfl. OcuoBuaM ucro.tHnKoM ngnyqeHus gBnnercfl pa1ora pa4uonoKaunoHHbtx craH uwù. en ercpoHHyto n noÆBo4pasBe4Ky,KaKnpaBnno, BeÆwHaABoÆHHe Hue Kopa6nu, MopcKne HayqHHecYAa n cneunanbHo o6opyaoBaHHHe caMoner*. BapuanroB Mnoro. If srt MOrKeTe IIpUAyMaTb I/tX CaMI/t. Begr refiepb Bbr Buaere Bcro CyTb O paBBLITIIII IIaMfiTI1t.
l4xrepecHble Qarrul
o ncuxoJlor u uefipoucuxoJror Maprc rcf + r. cAeJraJr BaffBJrerrue o roM' rrro PoaeHqseftr B ecJrr{ B Teqeurre sceË ,$rrgxrr AaBarb rleJroBeqecxoMy MoBKannQoprurficxuË
Karr4yro cexynfy AecfiTb HoBbrx eALîHrrrI unQopua\fifi Ay, To Bce paBuo cuoco6uocrb Moara BarroMrluarr 6y4er prcrroJrbgoBauaJILrrub HarroJIoBrIHy. PoaeuqaeËr ynepat, rrro cloco6nocrr{ Mogra He BJIuaIor Ha npodle*rËI c rraMsrbro, rJraBHoe, Hayllr[Tbcff KoHTpoJlrrpoBarb cBoro fra)1ffTb.
o B nnure A.P. Jlypult
123
3n6nuueea M.tl. HrrKaKrrx SaMeToK, qTo .yAlrBr.rJrQcodpanuurxcff.
Ero uorr oH, HeMHoro cMyrrrBrrlrlcb, orBeTrrJI, rrTo lre IIoHI{MaeT, SaqeM HyrrcHo lrTo-To BaII]IcbrBarb, Korga oH rr 6ea gauucefi sce rrpercpacno BafioMrrualrpocrlJlrl o6tgcnlrrËca,
er. A.rro6rr
HrrKTo He coMgeBaJrcff,oH BocnporrgBeJrrrpax-.
TprrrecKu cJroBo B cJroBo perrb peAaKTopa.
o flpoQeccop flerp Anoxnn, rocJreAoBareJrbflauoaa, fiB5nraJrcuoco6nocru rreJroBeqecxoroMoara K rrocrpoeurro uogeneË. I,I cgelaJl BbIBo.q,trro rraMffTbcyrqecrByer B BuÀe or4eJrburrx HedoJrbruuxnno4orefi , vtJrvtgnexTpoMarrrtrrublx KonrypoB, Koroprre o6paooBaubrcBsaaurrbrMrlMe]rcÂyco6où nnosroBbrMr[KJrerKaMn.HcuoJrboys B cBorrx uccJreAoBaHrTsxgJrexTponurrfi MfiKpocron u KoMrrbrorep,Arroxrru BbrrrucrrJr, rrro no4o6nux Mo.qeJreË s Moory rreJroBexaco,qepxcrrrcarrpocro HeBeposruoe Korrqecrgo. OH rroÂcrrr4(trucJrocTerreneËcno6o4rr> HaTaJr,qro rar rraabrBaeMoe croJlbxo BeJIIrKo,(rrro ÂJItrroro, vro6rt Hattucarb oro rrrrcJro, [orpe6osarocs 6sl AecsTb c noJroBunoË MfiJrJIrroHoB KuJroMerpoa6yrvraru.flpn raKoM KoJrurrecrBeBooMolrcnocrefi Moar no4o6en KJraBr,rarype, rra KoropoË uolrcno cbrrparb MuJIJrtroHbrpagJrprr{Hbrx *relo4ufi >.
o Hrro-fiopxcxlrfi neËpoQnaproJror Opux Kanget o6napyxrrrJr, rrTo MopcKafi yJrrrTKa arrJrlrcrlrsoo.uagaeTiryBcrBrrreJrrnoËrraMsrbroHa HerprffTubre oqyulenua. ,{uyyJr?rTKasarroMHHJraHa HecKoJrbKpaTHOeyKaJrËrBaHr4e KO MrIHyT, a rr.fiT?rKpAlHoe IIOMHUJTa B TeqeHrre HecKoJIb-
xux RrieË.
124
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pasaeôauxae MueuomexHuKo MoueumanbHue npuewuJanowuHouun.
o frenbre Bbrffcrrr4Jlrr, rrro cJlorrbr ygtlaror rro rroxogre Ao cornr[ cBorrx co[JreMerrnrlroB. A no peBy OHI/IIrt qepe3 H€CKOJIbKOJIOTMOryT yBHATb CBO€IO (3HAKOAxnnrficrl4e
MOrOù CJIOHa.
o B 1861 r. x QpanrlyscxoMy Bparry flonro Bpoxa rpumeJr rraqrrenT, trorepffsurlrË cnoco6nocrb roBoprtTr. Korero MoBr u o6napyAa rraquerrr yMep, Epoxa uccJreAoBaJI ,rctrJr, rrro rracroK .[esoË noonofi Aonr{ 6blt IIoBpe]rc,qeII. Bpa.r cAeJIaJIBbrBoA, qro ara qacrb Mogra orBerraer Ba cuocodsocrb qeJroBeraroBoprrrb. C rex rrop ara rracrb Moara HagbrBaercsBoEofi Epoxa.
He cnoxHbre cnoBa AI\,IHE3PI,fl (m a - orpuqareJrËHa^firrpusraBrca rr rperr. rnnpnle - ttaMtrrb, Bocuolurrraxze) - oæc],'rtrTBrre BocloMritnamrfi rfJrrrEerroJrnbr€BocrroMplnarrrrffo co6rrtrln( rr ttepeæcrrBaHr{æ(oqpeggrrenrronouepuoga. PaarrbreBrr,upraunearrrl Ea.6.nrcgaronc*rrpu Mrromor ga6oreBarrrrfix roJroBuorCIMogra. MOB| - qerrrpa;rrnrrË or.qen nepanoft crrereMbr NcrrBorHbtrxr{ rreroBexa. Cocrottr ug nepnnoft Txarrrr: cepox) BeulecrBa (crconnemre, rJranrrbrruo6paaoM, rrepBrrbrxKJrgnoK)n 6eJroro BerqeerBa(cxourenue, ruraBrrbrMo6paaoru,HepBrrbrxBoaoxon). V nossouorilGrx pasnr.r.rarcTrt)JroBuoû Ùrosr u currunoË rvrogr.V decnogBorroqnËrxEclrBo:rnbxKMoBroMrrallbrBaqrca cKorrJreE![eHepBEËD(IcJIeToKHa trepeAHeMKorrqe TeJra.
125
3a6nuqeea M.ll. MOSIICETIOK -
qacrb crBoJra roJroBnoro Moara (sagHero moara). Cocrorar rro ÀpeBuero orAeJra - qepBfi r QuJrorenerrirqecxu HoBoro - fioJryru apufrt, paaB]rrbrx roJrbrco y MJrexorrrraroqux. ?Irpaer BeÀyrr1yro ponb B rroÀÀepxcaHrrtr paBuoBecrra reJra u KoopAvrreang.uftr 4nuxcenuù.
if lil
j
I ;
HEI{POH
-
(or rpeu . neuron-
nepa), HepBrras KrrerKa, cocTosrrlaff lr3 TeJra u oTxoAffrrlux oT Hero oTpocTKoB OTHOCIIIT0JIbHO
KOpOTKPIX
ÂêHApIITOB
U T{JILIHHOTO aKCOHa;
ocnoBnas crpyrTypuas u QynnqrrouaJrbnaffeÀHHLrqaHepnnofi crrcreMbr.Heûpoubr rrpoBoÀflTHepBnbreuM[yJrbcbr or perlerropoB B rleHrpaJrbuyroHepBnyro cr{creMy (.ryscrBfiTeJrrnrrË neùpou), or rdeurpaJrbnofinepaxoË cucreMbr K uc[oJrur{TeJrbubrM opranaM (4nurarenrrrrË uefipoH), coeAuu.firor MencAy co6où HecxoJrbKoÀpyrnx HepBnbrx KJreroK (acranovnue neËponu). BsauuogeËcrnylor nefiponbr MercAy co6ofi rr c KJrerxaMlr r{cnoJrnprreJrbuËrx opraHoBrrepeac?rnancu. V KoJroBparxlrrrkrcJroueftponos L02, y qeroBera - 6onee 1010. MI4t'OXOHÆ?il{ (m rpeu. mitos - Hrlrrbpr chondri.on BepHbrrrrxo,Kpyfiuuxa) - oprarreJrJrbrrcrrBorubrx u pacruTEJIbHbIXKJIETOK.B ITTATOXOHAPPIII IIPOTCKAIOTOKNCJIUTEJIb. peaKqrrfi, o6ecuerruBarorq rre K JrerKpI HO-BOCCTaHOBUTeJTbHbTe rlvclo eueprueË. Mr{ToxoH Aptrir n ognoË rcJrerKe or egrrurarl Ao HecxoJrbrrrx rbrcffrr. V uporaprror orcyrcrByror (ux ÈynKqrrrc Bbr[oJruffer KJrerorrnafi MeM6pana). (or a, - orpurlareJrbuas rrprrcraBxa r{ rpeq. AAABIIfl phasis BbrcxaabrBaurre) - paccrpoËcrBo pequ upu coxpauuocrrr oprauoB perrrr r4 cJryxa, o6ycnoBJreuuoe nopa-
I ti
t
126
I t
i I t
paæeôuuxoa MueuomexHuKl npuevu3anowuHauua. MoueumanbHbre )KerrrreMKopbr donrrur.rx nonyurapnfi roroBuoro nnosra.Oc: Moropnaa (uoreps cuoco6uocrrr roBoprirrb HoBHËreQoprvmr npu coxpanrocru rrour4Manufi peuu) ll cencopnaa (napyrrraercff nonrrMarrlrepeqr4; cnocodnocrb rrpor[gxocrrrb cJroBa Lr Qpaau qacro coxpauserca). O6rr.ruo corrponorrcAaercrr aJrercueit u arpaQuefi. CKJIEPOB (or rpeq. shlerosis - BarBepAeBarrue)ynJroruenr{e rranv Lrrvt opraua, BbIgBaHHoe rlr6enbrc aJreMerrroB rrapenxrrurr ( na [orrBe BocrraJre ïryrfi.,paccrpoËcrna rponoo6paulenus, Hapyruenrrff odvrena BerqecrB, Boapacrrrbrx LrBMeHeHuît) u aauenoft trx BpeJroftcoe4unlrre.nrnoË TKAHbIO, UHOTAa C nOCJIe.qyIOqI{M
ee CMOpIIII{BaHIIeM.
EHIIE@AIIIIT (or ryrev. enhephalns - roJroanofi uosr) BocrraJreulreroJroBnono Moara (uonrrureurre reMrreparJæbr, roJroBnaa6onr, [apaJrl,rqrr,paccrpoficrna coanarrfiffï T. rt.). BHgHnaercs B[rpycaMu (nepuu.urrrfi, ouuÀeMrl.recxufi eHqeQanur) .11116o flBJraercff ocJro)KuexlreMApyrux nnsercqPlorrHbrxaadoregaguË. : MEHIIHII4T (or rpev. meninx - Moarosas o6oroqKa) - rnoËnoe r.rJrrrcepoauoe Boc[aJresne odoroqex roJroBnoro Ir cfrl4uuoro Moara, BbIgbIBaeMoe6axrepraffMlt, BrrpycaMv pî Ap. Boarurxaer KaK caMocrofiTeJrbuoesa6oJreBaHrlre rrJrr4KaK ocJro)rcHeHpre Apyroro [poqecca. flpoflBJraercfi roJroBnoË6o.nbro,pBoroË, paccrpoficrnou coSHaHUg Lr T.A.
- BaMeHanpo6eaa B raMsrrt BbrKOHAAEyJIflIII{fl gynnxofi, Koropyrc cy6rerr BocrrpunnMaer KaK r{crrruy.
127
3a6nu4eea M.fl. CABAHTIIIBM - aBJreurre, KorÀa y yMcrBeHHo orcraJloro rreJroBexa crlJrbgo pagBlrrbr oco6rre raJragtbr, Harrpr{M€p, cnocodnocrb K MyaËrrce,x 6rrcrpoMy peûenrrrl cJroxrHbrx MaTeMaTrrrlecKllx 3aÂatl ?TT.A. ,\ (or nonn... vr rpeq. glotta IOJII{IJIOT rreJIoBeK, BJIaÀerofiItrft MHorlI MpI gabrx aMrt.
-
asrrx)
-
- l
HapogHbre cpe'qcrBa Ffie naMsrlr 1. Ec.rru qro-To He BcrroMrruaercff, Hy]r(Ho crrgrb KoJrbqo c fiaJrbqa o4xofi pyKu Ë Ha4erb Ha ror xte rraJrerl 4pyroË pyxrr. Bce anaroM BcrroMnlltcff. Z.F,cnu Berqb KyAa-To <u naËru
ee He
HyrrtHo conpoBolrcAarb rrotrcKrr cJroBaqepr, uourpaft ga ot4afir. Mu: <9epr, nonrraerc8,
3. Eule AJrs roro, vro6u orblcnarb npouaBrrryrc Berrlb, coBeryror flprrBsoarb noconoË rrJrarox x nesoft Hore
: \
fi [po.qoJr]Krrrb [orrcKrr. 4.Ecnn
Bbr frorepaJru MbrcJrb, MbIcJIeH:rrov:Jrvr, ecrrkï
ecTb raKaff BoSMo)rcHocrb, Ha caMoM .qeJle, BepHLlTecb rVAe, rge BbI troMHrrJIrI To, .rro ga6u Jrvr,vï rrrar 3a ruaroM [oBToprrTe Barrr Maprupyr,
nputroMrrHarr
To, cKaBaJIrr rax Lr froBce B AeraJrffx. Bu c,qeJraJr?I tITo tITo cxasa6? HaAo 6y4et c6a3arb... AyMaJrfi, 5. Ecnn
I :f
He BcrroMûrnaercrr lIM.fl vrnrvlcJroBo, MolKHo
npofirucb rro BceMy arQanury,
BoBMolnHo, Kaxas-
ro 6yraa HaroJIKHer Bac Ha accoqua\?wr, u Bbr Bce BCNOMHIITC.
-1
128
I a I
, ^ I
-!
r rl I
,1 I
14oneumanbHu e npuevu 30noMuHauun. MnenomexHuKapat eeôuuxoe 6. Moxcso upocro ga6urb o roM, qro BËr He Morrcere BctroMrrurtr. fforoM caMo co6ofi BcrtoMnr{Tcg. 7.E.cnu BLr rraurrxyere no noBo,qyroro, BbrxJrrorrttxtr yrror ttnru Her, aro rrperpacxrrË rroBo4 orrrpocrrrbca c pa6orrr. Ho ec.rru c padorbr yxo,qurb rre xorrerc.fi, uoupo6yËre scuoMuurb, KaK Jrerxo BrrJrKa BblAepruBaeTcsrr3 poSeTKrr,KaK ruHyp cKoJrbsrrT rro BarrreËra4onu, naÆag.Ha rroJr.Ern oulyu{eurrg yrror? 3nyr, Bbr rrc[hrrbrBaJr]rceroÀHs, BbrrcJrroqas c KoTopbIMruHyp rrnroxHyJrcaHa IIoJr, Bbr cJlbrrnaJrI{ oror anyx? flo4raroqure Bce oprauËr rryBcrB rqJlgroro, vro6u BcnoMutrrb o roM, o qeM Bbr Ba6rtJtr.r. 8. A ecJru BaM, nao6opoT, xoqercff o .reu-nu6y4b Ba6srrr, rrogyMaBo6 arolr B rrocJre4xnir.pâ8, BaBffrcrrre ne6o;rrurofi yaelox Ha o,qerrAe (na runypxax roxce MolKHo).9ro cpegcrBo rapanTupyer BaMqacruquyro AMHES}IK).
CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: àKO - aKoHoMuqecKaepasBeAKa, npe4ycMarpnBato4aq godauy BaxHbtx gKoHoMnqecKnxcae,qeunù a ppnonHeHne K nonnru.tecKoù u BoeHHoùnuQopmat1uu. Ûonauan qacrb eroù nuQopua\nn Aodanaercs B ocHoBHoMna oTKpbtrbtxucroqHnKoB,Ho nopaù ona ,qo6*Baercs n us raùuux ncroqHnxoe (npoMnwneHuaù wnnouax).
5. 3s6nrqeea M. A.
129
3a6nuqeea M.fl.
Bocnerae namsrb rfro gna 5nrenoro - rogbr rrr)rceJroro uccJreAoBareJrËeKoro TPVAa, TO AJrff XyAOrrCHlrKaCJTOBa- BCerO Jrr{rrrb KpacuBbrË o6paa. Tax, nucareJrr C.T. Axcaxos rruxorÀa He coMueBaJrca B TOM, .rTO y )iCr{BOTEbTX eCTb traMgTb, Lt AoKaSaTeJIbcTBa ytoro ELI K r{eMy. Bot upuMep u3 ero )rqeFLTx elw!, ÀJrs oxorrrfrlbrx
aaMerrox: *Htax,
ToJIbKo B TperbeM rronoJleyrOK EEE rrOpOAa AEKrX COBeprUeI{rrOrroTepaJra fraMffTb o cBoeu BoJrbEoM rrctrrbe) (Me"uxrae oxorurrrrËlr paccrcasu).
CoaeputeHfloceKperHo: pa6or ocoÛorouaenrcH - eKcneqnu,un no,4BoqHbtx 3HA.leHnçt.
lCro nnqero He sa6rreaer? 06 erovr Buaer Angpeee: (...y re6g rrpexpacuaa rraMJrrb,Tbr He ga6rrsaerrrbHrlqero, KaK Kurrra> (An.qpees JI.H.: Anararra: Co6p. corr. T. 3, C. 445\. CoaepweHHoceKperHo: UU@P - Meroq KpunrorpaQuu, npeqycMarpuBarcLunù saMeHyKùçqoù 6yxaa reKcra coo1qeHnn Apyroù 6yxeoù, 4nQpoù unn sHaKoM. 14 EeJrbss crcaaarË o rraMfiTrr y6e4ureJrbuee [ogra: <,{eno B ToM, rrro Bce cuJIbI Harrrero yMa: rraMETb, cuoco6Eocrb cylrcgeurla n Qanraglrs - He roJrbxo rre yruerarorc.s Boc[pr4JrrrreM xygo)rcecrBenuoro, ero coAeprrcaur{e, a naodopor,
130
KaKoBo 6rr nlr 6rrao uMeur{o dnarogapff TBop-
t I
t-
Moneumanwue npueMu3anonuHouun. pasaeduuxoe MuenomexHuKa .recroË Kpacore BtrerrarJrerrr!8nau odocrpgrorcg, nJrrr non1nraror rroBbreKpbrJrbsr (Annencxnfi U.@. Knrara orpaxceuuË).
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: UEHTP- pyccxnù repMuH,npnunraù Ann odoaHaqeHueura6-xeaprnpat coaercxoù pasBe4Kus Mocxae. flaunrr - KaK rroragareJrb g,qopogbfl:rrorrcrnue AoKropcxuË ro4xog: <- rfero raM - raMsrrt - xar 6y4ro c .qocagofi noapaar{Jracrapyrura. flpocro rr,r 6ones, rrcapy re6a, Hy, er ocnadeaa [aMffTr. Boi rrorrpaBrrmbc.ff...r (ApqÉrdanren M.fI. V noctegneË qeprbr / / Coq.. T. 2. C. 30). CoaeputeHHo ceKperHa: TPEO (pyccxuù xapron) - raùuas Bcrpeqa. A aro ytre ,quarnog: (...rraMffTb ero 6rua KaK KapMaH cTaporo cKpffrrr' r{3 KoToporo tronyruKrt IIe BËIMaHI{IIIbD (Ioronr H. B. Beuepa Ha xyrope 6aua ,{uranrru (rI. 1),
Co6p.coq. T. 1. C. 102).
".{ I tr
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: CTPATE\WqECKATI PASBEAI
t t i
3n6nuqeea M,ll. Heaecrnoe o[pegeJrerilre raMffTr{ Morrcuo nafiru y loprKoro: eflarvrgrr, aror 6rr.I Hec.racrlrb[K, oxcrrBJlfier Aa]Ke rcaMHrI ltpolluroro ll Aatre B gÀ, BbrrrrrrblË nenor4a, rro4JlrrBaer Karurr MeAa...> (Ioprrcufi M. llenxanr. Paccraarr. C. 75).
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: TAùHÂK - sapaHee o6ycnoBneHHoeceKperHoe Mepln raùuoù eaKna4Kuu ugbscro, npe4HasHaqeHHoe rnn coo6tueunù, AeHer u Apyrux apru6yrol pasBeqxn 6es o.tHoù craBKn (areur n corpy4HuK pagBe4Kn 6ueapr y raùHuKa B pasHoe BpeMn). Panrme nr{ HapoÂHoro,{ocroenc$oro orxpbrna Hayrca, qro aJlxoroJrbpagpyruaer rolrosnofi Ùrogr?Bor B qeM Borrpoc... rMens .ryrb cJreBbIHe rlpotuw6lua,Marorlxa, KorAa a rtpoqeJl'
rITo oH cIIIIJICflT rpeluUltft,
TaK,
qTO rraMffTb
rorepan...r (,{ocroeBcxrrË(0. M. Eegnbre nroAu // Co6p, coq. T. 1. C. 97).
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: TAùHOnnCb - runaccnLtecrcnù Mero+ o1ecne,teHne ceKpeTHocru nepenucKnBpasBe4Ken KoHrppasBeqKe.HHHz,Haxo4flcbB reHnpa4no n Apyrnx cpe4crB
{I
I
eneKflpoHHoù cBflsn, oHa TeM He MeHee HAQA,nT CBO? npnMeHeHne.
Kax c rroMorrlbrorraMirrr4MolrcnoKaaarbcs yMnee gcex? rflausrr y Hero 6rrna odulupnefiuraR, r{, Bepogrxo, oH 6ru.rryrluee Bcex B KJracce;Huqero He crotrJro eMy rrpoquTaTb ypoK paSa ABâ, rr oH oTBeqaJIero cJroBoB cJroBoù (flor"ranosexlrË H.I. Merqaxc$oe ctracrre).
132
t
I
MoneumanbHue pasaeôuuxoe npuenu3nnowuHauua. MuenomexHuKa
CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo: pasBeqCnflUJnn A1EHT- saKoHcepBnpoaanuuù uux (arenr), uat
i
** .i a
If cnosa rraMffTb KaK cocraBnsroulaa cqacrrs: eA rarc KaK rraMffTb y I4nanyurxll 6rr.na rpeBocxogrras, Aa er cepAr1o, K ToMy *ce, 6rrao BoJroroe, To rryrb-rryrr lfsanyrura rr BrpsMb us Aypara rre cAenaJrcs yMrruqeËr
(Canrrmon-
Il{egpun M.E. Aypar. VIe6p.coq. T. 2. C. 127). CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: TAn Hbl E On EPAIJ4 n - Meponpnerun, npoBo4,uM bte cneucnwûaun B cKpbtroù nnu saMacKnpoeaHnoù Qopue, rnaBHbtMo6paeom, c TeM, qroÛat sarpy4Hnrb (unn c4enarb HeBosMoxHuu) npoueec AoKasarenbcTBa npnqacTHocTnK HnM nX OpraHnSaTopoB. tlro
I
trenoBer BarroMtrnaer Jr]ryure Bcero? To, rrro ero BSBOJTHOBaJTO.
nsrenefi, odpyurwruet-yAapbr cy4r6u> (Typrenes LI.C. ,{nennrr Jrrr[rnero.reaonexa). I
I
i
i
\ : I I
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: TEIIEME\PWqECKAç| PASBHI
3n6nuqeea M.tl. Llnorga Karrcerca, rrro xyAoæcecrBerruaanrrreparVpâ, KaK rr llapo.qlloe rBoprlecrBo, rrAer rra EecKoJIbKoruaroB Bfiepegrr Hayrrir. lTnu ero Hayrce trpuxo4rrrcs rro,qrneprrAarb ro, rITo Hacoquu.gnrrxyAo)rtnunll cJroBas cgoux 6eccMepTnbrx rBopeulaa;x?
Jlannsru6ureaer pasHae IIAMflTb - BrrA cny*cednoË neperrrcrtr s Poccvu ss. CoAepxcaJlapacropslrceurrff, rropyr{egrlff XU-XVII Jrr{qaM,3allucu qacrHblx nuq. AOn)rcEocTI{bIM efIAMfTb ASOBAT - rcpefieepEa.ntltËcxoro @"rrora, KoMarrÀaKoropono BoceraJraB rrorlb na 20 Qenpaaa 1906 r. (o4sospeMerrno c BoccrarrlleM B Cnea6opre u Kponrura4re). Boccrarrue na Hpeficepe roAaBneno soficrcaMtl. IIAMflTb 9BM - qacrb 9BM, rpeAHaBHarIeHHasArIs gafietcn,xpauenr[s rr BbIAauuuuQopMal{uu, rrpe4craBJrennoË s ro4onoft Sopue; o6paayercs.fis o4noro fiJrr{HecroJrbKrrx BatroMr4xarouluxycrpoËcrn (3V). Halr6o"nuree KoJrrirlreerBo uxQopuarywr., Koropoe Mo)rceroAHoBpeMeHHo xpaHrrrbcs B rraMffTn 9BM, orrpeAeJraercacyMMapnoË eurocrrro Bcex Bxogsrrlrrx B nee BV; 6srcrpogeftcrsue rraMffTrr 9BM saBuclrr KaK or 6ucrpo4eËcrsrrfl oT4eJrbrrux 3V, TaR rr or crroco6os o6Mexa lrnQopMaquefi uexc4y HlrMu. r{a orreparuBuyro flausrr OBM o6rr.rno rroApag,qeJrffrcT (unu ocrroBuyro),nnerunroro (acuoMorarenilnyro) u 6yQepHyro; coorBercrBerlno u 3V, odpasyrcque ror uJrrr ulrroit Bu,qrraMsrs 9BM, rrMeror auaJrorlrqubreHaBBaHua- oneparr{Buoe, Buerrruee,6y$epnoe 3V.
134
Mon eumanbHu e np_! gn!!!q noMuHaHun. rrlueuomexHuKo paæedvuxoe
Snagrg nlr Bbl, rlro... Bau Hrr*orAa Ee ''puxoÀunocb ''ouaAarb B aeJroBKrre crrryaquu rr3'34 roro' lITo Bbr He gEaere KaKrre-To oOrqenanecrrrbreBerrln, cBaJrnBaa Bcro BnEy ua cnadyro nauarr?
CoaepueHHoceKperHo: TAnHHnAIEHT - auepnxancxnùreptrnH.llnuo, AeùclBW4æ nù rc (ænnuatoqæce u nnoHaKeM nnn,rToApuanoù æ6oroù) B nHreæca)(nnocrryHnototæyÆpææ. ou ratoxeHaSflBêtgrct KareHToi/t t70flnpnKpun@M,. Teuepr y Bacecrb rua'c ga[oJrrrurbarr{ upo6e.nrr,frctronbgy.ffTy rexErrKy gatroMr{rrarrrlrfi, rcoropyroBbr nu6panr{ Ana ce6a, KaK rrasdoneey4o6nyro. LÏrax, rrro BaMrrrlrorÀa Ee yAaBaJrocË gatrougnrr? rr ocn eôoaarnenbrr,o crnb nn aH,em confl,evrtoti eucmeil,w Co.rrnqe MeprypuË Beuepa 3eu.ns Mapc flonc acrepougoB IOnzrep Carypr Vpar Heuryn flnyron
135
3n6nuqeaa M.fl. CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: CnEUOnEPAUnn - pyccKuù repmuH, npnHerwù ,qfln ô6osn aqeHns' nonur uqe cKux n u KBtt4a un ù, noxu LueHHe HTaB,noryanu atxge ù HWHHx n p4eù, aaxn ux Aot
Cenu vyôec caetns, Ernnercrr{e [spaMrr.q'brs 9ar-Iuse Buc.s.rne caAhr CeunpamrrAbr Besca Ons*ruuficroro craryg Massorefi n lannrapuace Apreuugrr 9$eccrofi xpaM (DapoccxuË uasrc Koaocc PoAoccxufi. CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: PE3 UrqEHW PA (pyc c xn ù re p u n n) - pa sBeA,HBarenbHas rpynna, AeùcrBytoqae sa py6exoM, Koropoù pypesn4eHT. KOBOA,UT
II ao6p emannenu &arno Jllo6unn Bnaere JIu Bbr' 'Iro 6rrlo saperuc1pllpoBalro 416 rpeTerrAeHToBHa troqernËrË rury.n rso6perareJrfi anrouo6nna? rlyrb JryIHe KarfiAas crpaxa BbrABLrraJra cBorrx coxcgro gBarrlle xareneË. Ho rro [paBy [pfirragJrerrrrr, B rrepByro oqepegb, rreMeqruu Korrcrpyrropa*r lornu6y ,{aËrunepy u Kap.ny Eenqy.
136
MoneumonbHu e npuehtbt3anoMuHauun. 14ueuomexHuK0pas aeôuuxoe CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: 1CEBAOHWM - KnnqKaunu cnMBonnqecKoe o6osuaqeHwe,npucBoeHHoe pasBe4qn,
Sonomoe ,conbqo Poccuu Ceprnen floca,q flepec.rras.rtr-3an eccx uË Pocros Berurufi flpoc.naur Kocrpoua fl.rrec B.ragunrup Eoromo6ono Cyaganr IOpren-IIo.llrcroË Vr.lIu.t.
CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo: n Pn KPblTHE æutnrHan MacKnW BKa(opn unsatl4s, cnwauaf, neranbHbtM MecroMpafuru pasaegvwxa).
Canwe ou,corcueaopr+weaeptuuttw (9nepecr)- 8 846,1 u ,{*corr,ro.ryrrrMa - 8 585 u Kan.ren,qrrcarrra ,{xay.rrarnpvr-822Lv^ (no 1962 r. rlrK Cra.nrana, flux KoMMyrrusMa c L998 r. - 7 495 rn unrc Hcua$na Caruoura) 137
3n6nu4eea M.tl. CoeepueHHoceKperHo: nrcBNl - pasodnaqeHne WacrHnKoB, oÛaaça (rconcnnparnBHan Kaaprnpa) nnn KaKnx-nudogpyrnx sneMeHToB pas BeAHBarenauoù,qesren bHocr u. [7po BaneHuttù areHT - Tor, o KoM ugBecrHo npornlocrosqeù cropoHe.
Camwe ônunnwe percu H'lan - 6 671 rcu Mnccucufrrr - 3 950 xrr,r AMasorrxa-6400xu f,lnqarr-5800xu CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: 1EPEEEXLIUK - qenoBeK, orpeKunùcs or caoeù crpaHu u, KaKnpaBuno, noKt44apquù ee. I4cnonæy_ erce gpyroù cropoHoù KaKBaxHuù ncroquuK pasleAbrBarenanoùunQopuauu u.
12 no0euzo6 |eparcna 1. repaxJr saAyr[rrJr roJrbrMrrpyxaMu HelreËcxoro JrbBa, Koroporo HeJrbBs6ruo y6urr rrprxarclrMopyJfirreM. 2.Jlepneficxyro rr{Apy ropo)rcAerrrre Tzsona tr Exu4nrr, y KoropoË 6uro AeBsrb roJroB rr BaaMeHrcarft4oË orpy6aeunoË nrrpacraJro ABe rroBHê, - repax.u no6egwn rax: oH ''pufic]'"aJr ruero lugpu trocne roro, KaK orceKaJroqepeAHyroroJrony. flocneAHK)roroJroBy, 6eccuepIHYK),
OH IIAKPbIJI
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KAMIIEM.
MHOrO ,fi,qOBUTOËrpOAn fu4prr
138
TOTOIT BSAJI
ITE-
r{ cMasaJr eK) cBoyr crpe-
posaeôuuxoa MuenomexHuno npueilH3anowuvauua. MonenmonbHue rtrr. K HecrracrbroAJrs feparcaa, ero Bosurlqufi LIonafr (r ToMy rrceero rrJreMaurrrlrc,a B Te,qurr Bognu.rnft 6aur 6nur*cafturnu tr caMbIM AoporrlM 4pyrorvr) roMoraJr reporc no6e4um lr4py. 14 9rplacreir r{e sacqllraJr aror rro,qBrrr Iepax.rry. S.ICepnreËcxas Jraxb c BoJlorbrMrdporarrra 6u.na cBaulennoft JraubroAprelrzgrr. Ieparn qenufi ro4 rorrsJrcs, rrora xe uoûmaJree. 4.leparcJr BarHaJrorpoMuoro Berps B cuer$rryroJroByr[Ky ropH Epuruanr (Eputuaxô). S.AsrueBbr Konrorunr{ ro4aMr4 ne y6upaJlrrcb. Iepara nsMeHrrJrpycna AByx peK - uI Te 3a AerrbcMËrJIHHerlncrorrr. Ho feparcn rorpocT4n Asrug (ua4enrqa Konroruen) eMy aa pa6ory. 9npucrefi. u na gTor pa3 rre 3AIrJrATr.rrË SacgrrraJrIIo,4Brlr. 6.IepaxJr rrporuaJr Crulr$a.nnitct<wx rrrrrrl ( y ernx rrrrrqex 6Ëullr Me,qHËIe Korrrr lt uepÉ*, Koropbre BnoJrHeBaMerrJrJrr{r/rMcrpenu) c [oMorrlbro 6ponaonofi TpeulorKrr, IIon1nrenrrofi or 6orrurra A$uxrr, u rropaauJr prx crpeJraMv. 7. Iepaxn noËrra.nKprirrcrcoto6rtra, [puuaÂJre)rcaBrrrero qaprc Mnnocy, rr Bepuyn ero s Murenrr. 8. Bo (Dpaxnu leparn ynrrrrotrcrdJr qaps ,{lroue4a u gaxBarrfJr ero nourageft-JrroAoegoB. 9.,{aa Agnemr, Aorrnfi Enpucren, lepaxn Aonxcen6rr.rr rrpr4necrrr rroffc lIuuo.nurrt, qapr{qbr aMaBoHoK, no fepaKJr...IIon] rrrJr ero B rroAapoK. 10. IeparcJrrroxrrrrrn Kopon lepraona, TpexroJroBoroBeJrnKaHa.Ox upourer qepea ncro Enpouy u,JlraBlrro, a KorAa eMy IIyTb rlperpaÂLlJrr{ IlellpoxoArrMbre cKaJrbr, rrpocTo pasABrruyn rrx - TaK rroffBllJrrrcb croJrrrrr leparla (IepKyJrecoBbrcroJrrru) s Cpe4uaeMrroMMope (pafron lu6pa.x-
139
3n6nuqeea M.tl. rapa). Ero 4o.nncno 6rrao crarb ero uocJreAur{M Ba,qarrr{eM, uo Dnpucrefi He BacqrdraJr BTopoe u rrffToe. 11. Sonorrre s6.norcu leclepra,q craJrrr ero ogrrnnagr{arbrM [o.qBrrrorvl. lepaxl o6paruJrcs K Araaxry (Arnacy) ea rroMorrlbro LT.qoroBopr{Jrcs rroÀepxcarb Ba Hero ne6o. Arnanr
noureJr 4o6rrearb AJrJr Hero s6.rronra. (floc.rre no6e4u Ha,qrurauaMrr Senc fipuroBopua ArnaHTa BeKv BeqHbre Àep)rcarb Ha cBonx nJrerrax He6ecnyro TBep4r.) ArJraHT AO6rr.rra6noxur, Ho... He saxoreJr Bo3BparrlarËcJr Ha nocr.. Iepaxn cÀeJraJrBltA, qro corJraceH, rlollpocuJr roJrbKo BgffTb [o4yrrrrcy - MoJr, He6eca AaBsr Ha rrJreqn. ,{orep.ILISbIË TI4TAH NOAMEHIIJI ICPO8, TOT B3ffJI g6;rOrPr _ VT 6rrrr rarcoB. L2. Âns BËrrroJrHeHLrJrrrocJreAnero BaAaHrrJr repax.rr BaxBarwr rpexrJraBoro uca Au4a - Kep6epa (I{ep6epa). Vnugen aAarcoe crparruJrzr{ê, EnpncreË go cMeprrr repeIlyraJlcs u peurIJI' tITo fiec eMy He HytKeH, lr gacraBuJl Ieparna
Bepnyrb nca B npeucroguroro.
CoaepweHHoceKperHo: n EPEBEP6OBI
Pyccrcue eamoôeptcqw Propux Bragzuup I CssrocraBoBurr ,flpocnan Mygprrfi B"uaguuup II Monovrax IOpuË ,{onropyxuË
140
paæeôuuxoe MoneumonbHue npuevil3anoiluHonun. Mnenomex+uKa
A.nercangpHencxnfi flarun.r A.nercanApoBsq' I{saE I lCa.rura ,{aaurpufi .(oncxofi llsan III Illsau IV lpoasufi Boprc logyroa Muxau.n (Degoponr.r A.nexcefi MuxaË.noBlrrr (DegopAJrerceesu.r Hnan V flerp I Be.nuruË Erarepuna I flerp II Assa lloannosna ?IgaHVI Ernsaaera flerpoBrra Erarepuna II flaser I A.nexcangpI Arercasgp II Arexcasgp UI Huro.rrafi II A.nercan,qpoBr'rrl (nn rcer,qaMorrcereycnolrurlrb ce6eBa,qaqyil garroMHIITb rre TOJIÉKOITMeHACaMo,qepr$qeB, HO II rOAbI IIX UpaBJreHnS, He TOnbKO CAMbre AnUBEbre peKrr fi caMbre BbrcoKtIe BepIIIIltEbI, IIO II M€CTOux paC[O.rrOXeUUA).
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: 1WAHUCT pqncr, padorapqnù Ha no4nonbHoM pa4nonepeîqaHuKe. 141
3n6nuqeea M.tl.
Bonpoc-oTBeT -ç flau,srr 6rrcrpo yxygruaercs c Bospacrolvr? - Aa, Ho lroJrbrcoB troMqrrJtrIae,eqrrr{ee He ucnoJrbaoBarb.
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: pyccKoe nAPOnb HasBaHneycnoBHorocnoBannn npnMeHneM*x Qpasu, ntls onosHaHuncBouxnp4eù. -
Cranau aJrxorona y6unaer 1000 Moarorbrx rcaeror? rrro yMepesHer cnegenufi, rro4TBep*c.qarou1ux, yfiorpe6aenne Eoe anrorons pagpyruaer MogroBbreKJrerKr. A Bor rrpeoMeprrbreAoabr crtuprrroro KJrerxrr Moora paspyrrraroT.
CoaepueHHaceKperHo: PæU,$EHT(pyccxuù repunn) - pyKoBo4urenbareHsa pydexom. rypuoù cera unn rpynnH paaBeqqnKoB -
qero-To He Mo*cerrrb Ecrr raxoe cyeBepue, qro ecnrvr. BcrroMuurb, HyNcHo cnsrb KoJrbrlo c raJrËqa o4noË pyrrr r{
rraAerbEa rorrrce rraJreqRpyroù pyrrr. I4 uogoxgarr. Bce caMo BcrroMHriITCg.PI cpa6aTbrBaeT... lrHorAa. floueuy? - flora Bbr gaxffTbr crg'r{BanrreM Konbr{a c rraJrËrla, B MOsFy rrponcxoArtr axTrrnnrrË rorlrcn neo6xo4rauoË ransopMaqrru, HeaaMetntrfi Ang cognarrrrff.
CoaepweHHoceKperHo CBflSHUK - rperuù qenoBeK,AenrenbHocrbKoroporo HanpaBneHa HacoKpbtrneKoHTaKToB MexqyAByMeApyuMn nn4bMn (arenrou n ero xyparopotu). 142
poneàuuxoe Monenmanbvue npuenuSanowunauun. Muenomex+u,n -
BcuoMllaaeu c ApyabsMrr o,qno u ro xce co6rrrrre. ,fl scuoMrrnaro oAHo, a onrlr coBceM Apyroe. flprueu ro, IITO BCTTOMI{rIaIOT OEII,
A HrlKaK
Ee MOry
IIputrOMHIITb.
Sna.rnt Jrrr oro, rrro c nroeË rraMarbro qro-To ge rax? - Bo-uepnrrir, Apysba odparranrr BrrrrManne Ea o4rrr{ Aerarru, a BÉr - sa Apyrue. Bo-nropbrx, V gpygeft npeo6naAaer apr{Tenbrraa rrauffTb, a y Bac cnyxoBas. YInn y 4pyaeË n1nrûe rraMarb rra nuqa, & V Bac Ea quc.na. TaK uro o6ulenrre c ApyabaMrir Motrcer rrocnyrrrrrb xopourrrM TecroM AJI* BarrreËualrgtu. CoeepueHHo ceKperHo: CEfb - rpynna areHToB nnn HeneranoB, Koropbtx o6ae,qnuser oAHo sa4aHne n Koropbte Hêrxo4f,TcnHa cBesu y o4Horo qenoBeKa(pesnAenra). yTIOI,
Ecnu fl qacro aa6grgarc -
9TO npI{SIIAK
BËrKJIpqeHJIr{ cBer, raa,
TOrO, IITO y MeEA IIJIOXO C UaUnrrrO?
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He o6ngarerbrro. flpocro Bbr Haxo.qr{TecbB cocroaHrrrr cTpecc& rrJrrr noBbrruerrHoro HepBHoro HallpffrrceHrrg. Coser na 6y4yrqee - rrperr.qerreM nrrËrn r{B AoMa, odoËAr{Te KBapTUpyn IIpoBepËTe,Bce Jru BbrKJIK)qe[Io. CoaepweHHo ceKperHo: P3 - pasBe4btBarenbHoe sa4aHue - npodneua unn Bonpoc, o6qnù unn KoHKpernuù, no KoropoMy Heo6xoAnMo nonwuTb pasBeAHBaTenbHHecBe4eHnf, O nporuBHoù cropoHe -
Lïcuonbgyro Mero,qrrxu MrreMonrrrn, Ho Ee BaMerlaro ynyqluerrrlrtr rraMffTll. floveuy? 143
3a6nutteea M.fl. -
Bo-nepBbrx, orrr Merogbr, Morrcer6rrrl, He [o4xogar nr{truo BaM. Hyxno uogdrparb .qpyrue, paspa6arrrBarÉ Baprraurbr grrrx Merogrrx. Bo-sropHX, BoBMolKHo, peSyJrbTaToB, [oToMy qTo paSBuBaeTe BËr He SAMerraeTe rraMaTb paAu pa3BlrTrls fiaMffTrr, He llprrMeHsrr pesyJrËTATbrB peaJrbHoËxcuaru4,T.e. K llplIMepy, 3alloMuHaere 6ecno.rregnbrecrrltcKrr cJroB, BMecro roro .rro6sr BarroMr{Harb rryr*Hyro n aaureË 4e.rronoËufiur ilu'rnoË ncusurr lrnQopuaquro.
ceKperHo: CoaepweHHo CE Cnpx6a6egonacHocn4. orAen. COO- CerperHo-oneparhaFruÉ qacrb. COt{- CexperHo-oneparuBHaf, CnO - CerperHo-nonnrr,{ecrnfi orgen.
Xngxr 6es Kocrbmef A sbr cnyraËuo He Bxaere, gaqeM Tparr.rrb corurl AonnapoB Ha [pfio6perenue rpeHa]rcepoB<6erosbreAopor$KrrD, KorAa Motrcnoupo6exarËca uo naprcy, pacroJrolrceuxoMy He.qaJIeKo oT ÂoMa, fioAbrrrraTbcBe]rc]rMBo3ÂyxoM, rracJranpupoAbr, coBMerrlaflaro c uonrsoft npoKpacorofi Arrrbcrr 6extrcu?Baqeu rroryrrarb crerfiepbr, HMurr{pyrcrr1uexogb6y no necrnnqe, KorAa Molr(HosrrËrn sa ABepbKBaprr4pbr rr nonyreruecrBoBarb MrlHlrMyMAo rrflToro araxca u o6parHO, A KOMy-TO BeAb UOCqACTJIIIIBIIJIOCb ,KLITË B ,qBeHaAIIaT'{- If'JrerABaATIATT{9TA}TCHOM eqe HA nOCJTeAHeM AOMe, ÀA oratrce. A nnQru
ltxorga
JroMarorcg...
144
ganonuuauun. pQgaeôquxoa Muenomexuuxa npuenat MoneHmanuHue Moxno c AercrBa rrpu1nrarb qeroBexa xo4rrTb Ha Koc' TbrJr.fix,u ltorll, g4opoBËIeHorï, arpoSnpyrorca' rll*llSnb rreBo3uoxnofi - H1'rcrosrË' Hlr 6eg xocrrutefi 11o1çarrierc,r xoggrË, Eu, TeM 6onee, 6erartr. Ec6 Taxrre KocrbIJIr{ lr Âns naMsrril. lI, upex4e qeM npu6ernyrb K rrx rroMoulr' AecfiTb pa3 IIOAyMafiTe,HylrcHoJIU BaM oro. floAyrvrafire npaMo cefitlac' quraff HlrficecJre4ylorque crpoKr[. B Qapruaronoru.recrcoË npoMblrrrJrerrxocrr{Bblrrycna' erca psA npeuaparoB - rroorporroB. Hoorpounble cpe4CTBApaccMaTprlBaK)TcaKaK BerrlecrBa, crlrMyJllrpyrcqre odyrenue, ynprualoulfie yMcrBelrnyro Ae.flTenbuocrb,Boc' crauaBJrlrBaroullre Hapyruenuble Mnecrsqecrrle (casaan' Hbrec rraMsrrro) r MbIcJItrreJIbHbIeQynrquu, rroBblruaro' ulre ycrofi.rraBocrb oprauusMa K grccrpeMaJlËrrËIMBo3' ,qeËcrgnaMr.B ToM rltlcJre K rllfioxcvtvt, cxurratclrqne He' BpoJroruqecrue,qeQnqnru. Eru rrpenaparbl Haonatlalor upr aa6oJleBarfitrx, cBfiBaunbrx c cocyAtlcrblMrl Hapyrue' HlrffMrr: arepocxJlepoa, rurreprorruqecxa.s 6o.rregub,rrpu Hapyruerrlrax MosroBoro xpoaoo6paqenrrs, rrposBJraroulenoca B rrapytuentrgx lraMtrrtt, BHr{MaHua' pequ. BognuKaer co6.[agg ucrtoJlbaoBarb Hoorporruble JlexapcrBa u BAopoBbrMJrrogffM.O,qnaxo nro6oe Qapuaroloruqecxoe BMeIITATe.TIbCTBOrIMeeT He TOJIbKO IOJIOTK]ITeJIbIIOe'
HO ]I
orpuqareJrblroe BJIrIaElre. Kpoue roro' KaK Jrro6rre .neKapcrBa, Hoorporrbl l{Meror BpeMennuË aQQerr' llcrlesaroulrafi qepeo Hexoropoe BpeMa rrocJlerrperparqeu]rfi rrprleMa JrenapcrBa.Aa u soo6qe ilplreM nexapcrB BAopoBbIMrr JrroAbMrI- oro a6cyp,ql
145
in6nuqeeafil.tl. CoaepueHHo ceKperHo: nXexulrHbt craHoBnTcg nyquhMl4 unhoHaMh - noKa He BCnOMnHatoro ceKce,r. B uarepnane noA, TaKrM 3aronoBKorvr paccKa3btBaer o6 06HapoAo_ "l-apAraHD BaHHblx3anhcflX olqHoro n3 caMblx onbrHblx areHToB
6prraHcroù eoeHnoùpaaaerqKn Marceenna Hai,na. l4ueHno oror qeloBeK cT€rnnporoTnnoM o4Horo ng repoeBflHa OneMhHra- u.reQar[2reùrraca EoHAa,o6o,,M,. B 1945 r. Haùr, OrsHaqaBUerOCs uunt1uanOM BeqaBumûea BHeApeHnepagBe,qKuB KoMMyHr,tcTt qecKhe n QauncrcKne opraHr3al4nn e Epnralvrvt, Aennncn B cBor4xAoKraAax Mbtc,leMrno noBoAyMeroAoe c60pa pa3Be.q,qaHHbtx. B .racï{ocrn, Haùr pa3Muunqflo Bt
ll o neumantHu e np uenu sonor,uHaHuf,. ll nenomun uro paæeèquKoI
rrro Bo BpeMnBropofi unpoaoÉ sofixu nogpagAefleHmesHaMexnrofiM14-5,rAe oH pa6oran, paccneAoBanocorHr4cny{aeB,KorAAunnoHoBnqAFqFu,tna 6ornn9tBocTb. 14nogaanqrlu1ee6onuuruxcrBoHapyulrrenefi 6unn Mlarfir{Hauu.HafiToTMeqaer6onuulytoponb ceKca B x143HyrXeHqnHbr, oAHaKo Tyr xe oroBapltBaeT, qTo He RBnReTCnflOK||OHHIIKOM,KaK OH BblpæKaeTGn,cMê-
ToAoBMaru )Gpr,rr. Hafir y6eagex, r{To, He noneflan a o6unrug M)DtGt}lH, runuoHKlrAo6usan,t ropaqAo 6onuue r,|}rQopuawn, qeM npn noMolqt4ceKca. Koxeqmo,BcerAa ecrb onacHocrb, r{ToxeHu$4na gnlo6nrca B cBoero onnoHeHTa, oAHaKOareHT npnSHaeT,so 3a Bclo ero AEaAqaTnneTH|oK)npaKTuqyoH o TaKrx cnrtanx He 3Han,.nlluer "l-apAnan".
