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6. Korepearaue nepexonaae npoueccsr ~ 7. c1loTOHHOe JXO . • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • 8. CBepXH3JI}"IeHHe JlHKH •••••••.••••••••.••••.••••••••••.•••. 9. Korepearasre npoueccsr pacnpocrpaaeaas KopoTKOrO CBeTOBoro HMnynbca . 10. OnrH'leCKaJI xorepeamocrs
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rapeso HHKH H HHTeHCHBHOCTIt OCHOBHoro H3JJY'1eHHJI COBIIa,D;yT, ecna reaepanaa ocy mecranaercan ycnoBHJIX npocrpancraeaaoro CHRXpOHH3Ma. 2.i9:B rrpH6millreHHH 3lli:nllDioro nOIDI ,muTH IIpoCTJ>aHCTBeHlfYlO 3aBB CHMOCTIt aMUnHTy,D;bI BOnKbI CHrHllJIa B napaMe'lpH'leCICOM reaeparope, 2.20. Orrpenemm, ,HHKpeMeHT napaMetpit'leCICoro YCH1IBTeIDI B npa 6nH)l(eHHH sanaanoro nonK. OQeHHTb ero Bemf'lHHy WUI l t: All0 ~ ,~ = , 1011.-_ 2' . , = t.ODjW"lo 10 urn/eM. ' , OQellllTl>
,"
2.22. HaRTH Ko3lfxtlHuueHT npe06pa30BaHHJI,,D;IDI cJl)"laeB napasserpa seocorc cno)l(eHBJI H Bbl'IHTaHHJI 'Ill.CTOT. (8 npH6nK)I(emm 3a,D;aHHoro nOJ!H). 2.23. Onpenemrrs BJIHJlHHe $a30BOro paccornacosaaaa Ha HHKpeMeHT aapacraaaa B IIapaMe'lplflleCKoM ycamrrene. 2.24. Onpenenars Ko3$quiII,BeHT napaeserpaaecxoro rrpe06pa30BaHHH 'IllCTOTbI asepx, CQHTaH BbIIlOJIHeHHbIM ycnOBHC $a30Boro CKHXpoHH3Ma. 2.25. Bsmecra YCiIOBHe caMOB036Y'!C,o;eHHJI OIITH'leCKOrO nspasserpa qeCKOrO reaeparopa, 2.26. BbIBeCTH COOTHomeHHe, MJHJlli-Poy ,D;ID1 napaMetpH'IeClCOii reae paUHH H napasserpanecxoro yCHJIemm: eaeroasrx BOJIH. 2.27. Hcxo,D;JI H3 COOTHoIlIeHHii Mmmepa onpenenars, rne K03$cPHIJ;H eHT npeo6pa30BaHBJI BO sropyio rapssoaaxy 60JIbIlIe: B 1"e ImH a LiNg o~? 2.28. OQeHBTb K03$$HIJ;HeHT rrpe06pa30BaHHJI :80 BTO~ ~:fMOHHKY B MOgenu raaa CBo60,D;HbIX anexrpoaoa KOHUeH'lpaIlHH N", 10 eM • 2.29. Onpenenars Bemmmy Ko3$PHUHeHTa YCHJIeHBJI H:myqemUJ: BonHbI cy6rapMoHHKH npa 06J1)"1emm ICpHCTaJIJIll npycrara H3J1)"1eHHeM CO z rrasepa. 2.30. Bcerna na npa reaepanaa rapsaoaax MO::f$eIC THBHOCTh npeoepaaosanas, nepeana K pe30HaHCHbIM yCJIOBHJlM, xorna nena
pacce
llaCTOTY, aa KOTOpOH HMeeTCH MaKCHMYM BbIHYJKJJ:eH
'}
, 3.8. BbItlHCJIHTb K03qxpHUHeHT YCH.1JeHIDI Bblliyx<)J;eHHoro KOMoHHaIUl OHHOro pacceaaas aa CTOKCOBOH KOMIIOHeHTe B aarpooeaaone npa nnoraocrn nasepaoro H3nyqeHHH 10 8 BT/CM 2 . Monexyna aarpooeasona OOna)1,l1eT non no-
W I 27/ C.
-1
1345 CM H HMeeT ·-30 Z nonaoe ceseaae CrrOHTaHHOrO KOMOHHaIl,HOHHOrO pacceaaas (5 =6 ·10 CM ? mapasa xonetarensaoro yponna r/ 2JTc. :: 4 CM -1. 3.9. ITPH ycnoaasx npeW>ItJ;Yll.\eH 3a)1,l11JH onpenenars noporoayto MOT
HOCHMMeTOH'lHbIM KOneOOHHeM aa qaCTOTe
•
:::
4.8. Iloxasars,
'ITO
THBHOCrn nBYX
nonneposcxoe ymapeaae He CKIDKeTCH Ha nornomeaas CBeTOBbIX aona C qaCTOTaMH
€AJz. ,pacrrpocTpaHHIO~CH HaBcrpeqy npyr )J;pyry, H
rne
c.J.,
- qaCTOTa pe30HaHCHOrO
4.9.
npa
3.10.
Orrpe,1J;eJIHTb
llaCTOTbI CBeTa,
3.11.
ne.
pasea
' MaKCHManbHoe
saasenae
OTHOCHTeJIbHOrO
CLJ;BHfa
OueHHTh
rropanox Ifc::
BeJIHlJHHbI
3' 10 1
K03
noporosoa MO~HOCTH BPMB
M/C,
4.1 L
Y"::: (J
10
cP/M. OIITHlJeCKaH H
saryxaaas, COOTBeTCTBeHHo: Lon.::: 1 Jlmrna BOmIbI rrasepnoro H3rryqeHHH A.:: 1,06 fit .
B
nons CBeTOBOH BOJIHbI, nsyxdioroasoro nornomeaaa CpaBHHM C K03$
rrornomenaa.
M,
5. HEI1Ii1HEI7IHAR
rEOMETPW,IECKAA
axycra -3
Lc;v:: 10
OnT~KA
M.
5.1. Hcxona nOr.nOIl4EH~E
reopaa
B03My~eHHH HaRTH K03
no
rJIO~eHHH B CHCTeMe, oorra)J.alO~eH )Jy.CKpeTHbIM
cnexrpoea. 4.2. Onesnrs ceseaae ilByx<poroHHoro nornonteaaa B aTOMe ue3~ Ha rrepexone 6 S 1/:, - 9 D "/;. )lITH H3rryqeHHH pytiaaonoro naaepa ( A :: 6940 A ), _ c MO~Hoc.rbID aanyseaaa 10 9 BTfCM 2. • 4.3. Bo3MOlKHO JIH )J;BYX¢oToHRoe norrrouteaae asnyneaaa nonapaso BaHHOrO no xpyry? 4.4. HaJ1TH 3aKOH ocnafineaaa HHTeHcHBHocru nysacsera, npoxonmuero xepea nayxdioroaao-rrorncmaiouryro cpeny, 4.5. HaRTH JaKOH H3MeHeHHH CTerreHII nonspasanaa nHHeiiHo! nonspaso BaHHOTO caerosoro rryxa, npoxonmnero sepes ABYX
4c7 Onpenermrs ECPO£THCCTb B030ylK,[(emul nepxnero yposaesoa cxcresre npz .cillOXHOl\1 pesoaaace: <
10
nepexona.
xsap
ABYX~OTOHHOE
ITo
H
,
OueHHTb HarrpJDKeHHOCTb 3JIeKrpHIJeCKOrO
KOTOpOH K03
MO~lrrb yrrpyrocrn T:: 5·10 fOH/M ,
'1eCKaH}])lHHbI
4.1.
W,
paccemmoro 'na aKyCTHlJecKHX xonefiaaaax B xsapne.
CKOpOCTb 3BYKa
4.
= (,.)0
orsesaer aa mmeHHe nsyx rrorno~eHHH? 4.10. Ilorrysars
roaao-nornouraromea cpensr.
HHTpo6eH30na
""3.
NOCTh rrOTOKa H3nyqemuI OKf )lITH B03HHKHOBeHHiI BbIHy;KgeHHOro KOMOH
nornomeana
+
KaKaH HeJIHHeHHaJI BOCrrpHHMlJHBOCTh
aauaoaaoro pacceaaaa, " -1 • 0 ,,,-CM
eClIH K03$4>HllHeHT
(,,)f
3lP
-:
.;:.4)Z~
1 (..)2.,
=::
aJ3 2.. ~
ypOBHH B
rpex
H3
uemmeaaoro napationasecxoro
ypaBHeHHH
noxasars
aeycroiorasocrs nnocxoa BOlIHbI H HaRTH noporonoe 3HaqeHHe HHTeHCHBHOCl1L 5.2. Ha OCHOBe O)J;HOMepHoro napationasecxoro ypaBHeHHH onpene rmrs CTaIJ;HOHapHbrn: npoqiam, HMIIylIbca (yenaaenayre BOmIy) , B03HHKaIDillero B pesyns'rare caMOMonyJIHIJ;HH,
5.3. Ocnoasreaacs aa pesynsrarax KOTOpbIH H3
rmyx
a) HMIIynbCbI UMe.lOT
0)
rrpe,1.\bl)J;j'lUeft 3a)1,l1'1H
onpenemrrs,
CraUHOHapHbIX HMTIynbcoB ABHlKeTCH obIcrpee, eCJIH:
pasayro aMIIJIHTYny,
HMIIyrrbcbl pa3J1H'lHOli
nnarensaocra,
B) HMIIYlIbCbI OTJlHIJaIOTCli ITO saepraa.
5.4. Hcxona H) aerraaeauoro napafionasecxoro ypasaenaa onpene panayc xasana, B03HHKaIOli.\erO rrpH CaMoOKyCHw
JIHTb
poBKH).
5.5. 113 ypasaenaa Hemffiep.HOH reOMeTpHIJeCKOH OITTHKH onpenenars npopans CBeTOBOH y;::r.apHOH BOlGli", 5.6. Onpenerrars KpHTHlIecKyIO MOillHOCTh nasepaoro H3Jl)"leHHH Hl!. AITHHe BOmIbI A = 0,69/'4.B cepoyrnepoae C HeJIHHeHHbIM noxaaareness A. npenosereaas n z.:: .,..,-10 IV en L~fC'" J , npa KOTOpOH )J;H
,
5.8. Ha
nnacraaxy H3 HemmeiiHoro seurecrsa TOJIIllHHOH
nanaer nnocxaa
t
BOnKa C aMlInHTynoii:
f
e
f
caMC
5.12.
He
cnysarsca, srro caMOlPOI
6.5.
nepnen
snexrpasecxoro nona, H3MeHmomeHCJI no 3llKOHY E ("t) ,rjl;e 7" - paCCTOJlHHe OT nenrpa CBe TOBOro nysxa. Ha paCCTOJlHHH or nepenaea rpasa rrnaCTHHKH npOHCXO;lJ;HT ¢aKycHpoBKa 3TOro nysxa. Onpenenars BH,rJ; ¢ym
CBeTOBoro
nysxa
6. KOrEPEHTHbiE
m:PEXOl4HbIE
riPOIJ,ECCbI
ace
6.1. On;eRHTb
g,TIHH:y J'f'-!eHKH,
conepscunea ras
pacnpocrpaneaaa
J$$eKTbI
6.2. Fas nayxypoaneasrx
pe30HaHCHbIX aTOMOB,
OIITH'leCKOro HMlIynbca
necynte
nOMOB HaxOiJ,HTCH B none nnOCKOH CBeTa
cauaa
ITOJIHpH311UKH H pa3HOCTH HaCeneHHOCTeiioTcyrCtByeT, a
6.4.
Orrpe.o;enHTb
H3JIy'!eHHH Ha 'laCTOTe
25 1/2. -'?'P1/z CTOTe
12
nona
E . Onrraa, 'ITO
penax aa XO~TCH II pesoaaace C BHeIIIHHM noness, onpenenars 3aKOH lf3MeHeHHH BO spe MeIDl lJ}IH aacenesaocra aepxnero saepreranecxoro ypOBHJI. 6.3. BbItrncnHTb 'laCTOTy Paoli )];Ill!: nepexona B nsyxypcanesoa arosie C AHTIOJThHbIM MOMemOM i at = 1 p;e6aii, B YC::IOBlfHX npelU>I.o;yru:eii 3llna'lH rrplf E ::: 10 B!CM. /~ BOB: BOlImI C Haup1VKeHHOCTblO 3neKTpHlJ:eCKOrO
"-'
B rrapax
HaIIpIDKeHHOCTh
W
/2 7F c.
K
3neKTpWIecKoro
= 12988
nee
nonH
aTOMbI
JIa3epHoro
eM -1, pe30HaHCHOH Alm rrepexolJ,a
,npH KOTOpOH '1aCTOTa Paoli paBHa
• B03MO)I(H0 nu npoBep;eHHe TaKoro JKCrreplfMeHTa?
orrTH'le~oiiqa.
d:«
AHDonllblii: MaMeHT lITO Macca aTOMa
1 ne6aii,
Te~PaTYPY
T::
300 K
H
BeA)'T ce6J1 KaK OAHH aTOM. IIpIlIlJIU,
paaaa Macce npOTOHa.
6.6. qepe3 IUUIHH}Jpll'leCKHii nyqOK nasepnoro H3JIyqeHHJI HHteHCHB HOCThIO 1 fBr/CM 2 nponeraer }J;ByxypoBHeBbIH aTOM CO CKOPOCThIO V ,AM nonbHblM toIOMeHTOM cL:: 0,5 ne6aii H pe30HaHCHblM nepexonose ]:U1J1 nora H3JIY'leHHJI. Onpenemrn, BeJlllllHH}' V ,npH KOTOpOii: 3TOT aTOM OKa:llreTCJI B Bo36yJKneHHOM COCTOJIHHH nocne nponera naaepaoro nyqKa lJ,HaMe'lpoM 1 MM. 6.7. OnpenenHTlt BpeMeHHOe nOBeneHHe nOMpH311IJ,IIH nBYXYPOBHeBOii: CHCTeMbl, HCDblThlBaIODleii: OIITll'leCKHe HYTaIUIH B nasepaosr none HllIIpJDKeH 'lo -3
HOCThIO E = 100 D/CM. IInOTHOCTh pe30H3HCHblX aTOMOB n. = 10 CM , AHD~~~ MOMeHT cL:: 1 ne6aii:, BpeMJI 06paTHMoii ~naKClIIlRH : 10 C, BpeMeHll aeo6pamMOii penaKCllUHH T, T~ DO • Heonaoponao yl.llHpeHHIJI nHHHJI HMeeT rayccosy etx>PMy. OueHHTh 'laCTO~ HyTllIlHii. 6.8. OueHHTh 'laCTOTy ODTll'leCKHX HynIJ,Hii B ycnCJBHJIX npe.z:u,mymeii 38,Qll'IH, ecna apesseaa Heo6paTHMoii peJJaKClUUIH T1 H T Z pasasr H T1 :: 2..0= 10 c. 6.9. D JJa3epllblii: IIY'!0K lJ,HaMe'lpOM 1 M nepneJmHK}'JIJIPHo BJIeneT co CKOpOC1lo1O V = 10 &I CM/c xancyna C pe30HaHCHblMII aTOMaMH.IInoT HOCTh aTOMaB n. .. 10 5 CM- 3, AHDonbHblii MOMeHTd= 0,1 ne6aii.Onpene nars HHTeHCHBHOCTlt H3JIY'1eHHJI, npH xoropoa BpeMJI nponera paDHO nepaony onrasecxax HYTllD,Hii:. 6.10. IIpH KaKOM ycnoBHH H3 CKOpoCTh HapaCTaHHJI nepenaero cl>poHn onnnecxoro HMllynbca onrasecxae HYTaIUIH nayxypoaaeaoa pe30HaHCHOii: CII CTeMbl Ha6mo,u,aThCII He 6ynyT?
=
=t:
T:- =
=
-.
6.11. IIpHKOTOpOii: CTBeHHbI.
Ou,eHHTh IDITeHCHBHOCTh ODTH'leCKOrO H3JIyqeHHJI, npH Konipol'
nBYXYPoBHeBbie aTOMbl ra311, HMeIOUlero
8blBecm
cl>oPMY caraana
3llTyxaHHJI CBo6onHoH HHnyKIJ,IIH H
HHTb IDlTeHCHBHOCTh nasepaoro H3JIY'leHHJI,
one
npa KOTOpOii: neKpeMeHT HX 3llTY Tf -.iT't. =10-6 c , T* ~D-1C C • ' -J xaHHJI paaea 2 T2,' ~ .. 1 ne6aH, 2. 6.12. HaiiTH 'laCTOTY H neKpeMeHT saryxaaaa caraana CBo6onHoii: HH nyKlJ,HH B ycnOBHJIX npenwnymeii: 3a/lll'IH, ecna IDlTeHCHBHOCTh xorepearaoro H3JIY'leHHJI 6blna paaaa 10 MDTICM 2. • 6.13. Haiim ycnoaae, npa KOTOpoM '1aCTOTa onraaeocax HYTalJ,HH pasaa
=..
W
'laCTOTe OCIJ,HnnJDJ,Hii: CHrHana 3llTyxaHHJI CB06onHoii: IDInyKIJ,IIH pa3HOM BKnlO'IeHHH nOM,
urrapxoacxoro nons.
asrasaauiero 000 JlBneHHJI !/cnOBHJlX, 'ITO
-,0 (*) T~ "10 cJ1t.Jst 10T2. If
6.14.
npa
CKaqKOo6
Ou,eHHTb HHTeHCHBHOCTh- _nll~PHQ~..g
oL = 1 ne6aii,
1; '" Tl"10-
C.
IIonyqHTb BbIpa)l(eHHe ]:U1J1 nomq'H3lllJ,HH JlBYXYPoBHeB()H cpeAbI
If pa3HOCTH HaceneHHoCTeii 3HepreTll'leCKHX ypoBHeii B npH6nft)I(eHHH aAMa6a TH'leCKOrO cnenOBaHHJI. OueHHTb nOnpaRKY K mrneHHoMy nOKa3arenlO npeno MJIeHHJI, OTBe'lalOmylO 3ll jfilneHHe caMocl>OKyCllpOBKH, eCTIH ,lJ;HrrOnbBbm MOMeHT
13
-16 -1 Ae6aH, xoauearpanaa pe30HaHCRbIX aTOMOB n: = 10 CM .penasc f -0 canaoaasre apesseaa Tz. = 10 CH 'IllCTOTHlUI paccrpoiixa ~w -10/ T 1 • ..J
1.4.=
0,1
8. CBEPXH311Y'4EHHE AHKH
11 ,.
6.15. B yCJIOBHJl:X npeAbmymeH 3a~'IH onpenemrrs Mal<:CHMllJIbHYIO HH BepCHlOnOJIY'laeMYIO B ycnOBHJl:X aAH300lWleCKoro cnenoaaaaa.
8.1.
Ilycrs
JIHHeHHbIH passsep CHCTeMbl ABYXYPoBHeBbIX aTOMOB MeHb
we WIHHbl BOJIHbl pe30HaHcHOro H3JIY'leHHll:. HaHIH HHTeHCHBHOCTh CnOHTaH
6.16. B ycnOBHJl:X aAHaOOlWleCKOro CJIeAOBamUI nOJIY'lHTb BblpIDKeHHe 1J)Ill: CKOpOCTH HMnyJIbca, pacnpocrparenomeroca B AByxypoBHeBoH rrornoma
aoro H3JIY'1eHHll: H3 3TOH CHCTeMbI MaJIbIX paassepos B MOMeHT, COOTBeTCTBytO mHil: Ha'lany pacna.u.a COCTOll:HHll: )lHKH. PaCCMoTpeTb ABa npenensasrx cnysas:
IOmeH cpene. Onacars Ka'leCTBeHHO 3BOJIlOUHlO HMIlynbca, HCXOAll: H3 HaHAeH
(1)
HO ro BblpalKeHHll:.
HeR paaasr npyr npyry. 8:2. O:u;eHHTb BpeMll: 3llAeplKKH HMfiynbca cBepXH311yqeHHll:, B03HHKaro 10
7. Cl»OTOHHOE 3XO 7.1. OnpeAeJIHTb <poPMY CHrHaJIa <poToHHoro axa B npH6JIHJKeHHH CHJIb RbIX 3aAaHRbIX nOJIeH
E( H Ez.
B036y)1('J:lalOlIlHX HMfiynbCOB, eCJIH KOHTYP He
OAHOpOAHO ylIIHpeHHoH JIHHHH OnHCbIBaeTCll: (a) rayccoacxoii
J'i/ Z
-HMnyJIbca
7.3. Bo CKOJIbKO paa YMeHbIIIaeTCll: MaKCHMaJIbHall: aMfiJIHTY~ CHrHa
r.":"/
YBeJIH'lHTbB
5
;:0
H:/I
-HMlIYJIbca
pas?
oL
7.5. Ha CKOJIbKO ocnafiaer CHrHaJI CTHMYJIHpOBaHHoro
=
8.4• .uoKa311Th, 'ITO AHnOJIb-AHnOJIbHoe B3llHMOAeRCTBHe npenarcrayer ua6JIIOAeHHIO CBepXH3llyqeHHll: B CHCTeMe C pa3MepaMH, 3Ha'lHteJIbHO MeHblIIH MH IJ)IHHbI BOJIHbl H311YlleHHll:. OueRHTb KpHTH'leCKHil: passsep CHCTeMbI (B yc JIOBHJl:X npeAblAymeH 3llAa'IH), xorna CBepXH3JIY'1eRHe CTaHOBHTCll: Ha6JIIO):Ul eMbIM.
ecna BpeMeHHble HHTepBaJIbl MelKAY B036YJKA3I01UHMH HMfiYJIbcaMH YBeJIH
8.5.IIoKa33Th, 'ITO B COCTOJl:HllH )lHKH
MatpH'lHoro 3lleMeHTa paBHO HYJIIO. 8.6. Y6eAHTbCll:, 'lTO B COCTOJl:HHH
cpenaee 3Ha'leRHe ,AHnOJIbHOrO
Bnoxa cpensee saaseaae AHnOJIbHOrO Bnoxa asnserca cynep
MaTpH'lHOrO 3lleMeHTa OTJIH'lHO OT nyna. CocTOJlIDle
2 pasa?
n03HIlHeR
7.6. KaKOBbI nJIOmaAH B036yJK~lOmHX HMnyJIbCOB, He06xoAHMbIe 1J)Ill:
pe3YJIbTaTaMH 3TOH H npeAbmymeH 3liAa'IH· 8.7. Pacosorpers npOTJl:JI(eHHYIO CHCTeMY
reaepauaa MaKCHMllJIbHOrO caraana <poToHHoro 3X8 H CTHMYJIHpOBaHHoro <po - TOHHoro axa? .uaTb Ka'leCTBeHHyIO aarepnperaiaeo nOJIyqeRHoMY pesynsrary, 7.7. ITOJIYllHTb yCJIOBHe npocTpaHCTBeHHOrO CHHXpOHH3Ma B HBJIeHHH <poToHHoro
axa, OueHHTb MaKCHMaJIbRbIH yrOJI MeJKAY aanpaaneaassor pac )J,IDI
COCTOJl:HHH )lHKH. 06MICHHTh KaJKYllleecll: nporasopexae MelKAY AByxypoBHeBbIX aTOMOB,
=
pe30HaHCHbIX )J,IDI H3JIY'1eHHll: C AJIHHOH BOJIHbI ). 10,6 jlL ,H HMelOmyro BHA AJIHHHoro UHJ1HH/lPa C nnouranuo nonepe'lHOrO ce'leRHll: S '" 1 CM 2. • ITo naraa 'lHcno <1>peHeJIll: nopamca eAHHHUbI, oueRHTb, BO CKOJIbKO pas YBeJIH'lH saerca BpeMll: 3aAeplKKH H AJIHTeJIbHOCTh HMllYJIbca cBepXH3nyt1eHHll: no
npocrpaaeaas B036yJK,II,alOmHX HMfiYJIbCOB H 3XO-HMfiYJIbca. 7.8. PelIIHTb npeAbIAY1UYIO sanasy
ypoa-
OTBeTCTByeT BH,lUIMOMY AHana30HY. 8.3. B ycnOBHJl:X npeAbmymeH 3llAll'IH OueHHTb MaKCHMaJIbHYIO HHTeHCHBHOCTh H AJIHTeJIbHOCTb HMnyJIbca cBepXH3JIY'leHHll:.
7.4. OnpeAeJIHTb MOMeHT B03HllKHOBeHHll: CHrHaJIa CTHMYJIHpoBaHHOrO
sepxaero H HHlKHero
utero H3 AByxypoBHeBoH CHCTeMbI MaJIbIX pa3MepoB,COAepJKameH 10 a1O MOB. )lHnOJIbHbm MaTpH'lHbm anessear 1 Ae6aH, 'IllCTOTa nepexoza co-
pasaa 10 HC. One
HHTb BeJIHlIHHYH36bIT0'lHOH 3aAeplKKH CHrHaJIa<poToHHoro axa. na
Bee aTOMbI HHBepTHpOBaHbIH (2) HaeeneHHOCTH
crrynaa CTHMYJIHpOBaHHOrO <po
TOHHOro axa. 7.9. HaHTH 3liKOH saryxaaaa BO BpeMeHH 3XO-CHrHaJIa, ecmr aa ABYX ypoaaeayio CHCTeMY AeHCTByeT pan HMfiYJIbCOB - nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTh Kappa ITapceJIJIa. 7.10. HaHTH 3X~TKJIHK ABYXYPoBHeBoH CHCTeMbI aa part HMnynbcoB nocneAOBaTeJIbHOCTH Ba<pa-BoHra.
<;paB'
HeHHIO co cnyqaeM CHCTeMbI MaJIbIX paassepos -. 8.8. B ycnOBHJl:X npeAbmymeii: 3ll.ua'lH oueRHTb MaKCHMaJIbHy"IO HHTeHCHB
OOCTb cBep x H3JIYlIeHlUl H3 CHCTeMbI, coAe~~eH 10 ZO pesosancnsrx aTOMOB. BpeMll: penaxcanaa uaceJIeHHOCTH T j 10 c . 8.9. PelIIHTh npeAbIAY!UYIO sanasy, nortaraa, 'ITO Bee aTOMbI reneps sa-
=
KJIlO'IeHbI B MaJIbm 06'beM (cocpeAOTO'leHHlUl CHCTeMa) . CpaBHHTb 06a pesyns
rara.
7.11. IIoKa3aTb, 'ITO ll:BJIeHHe
8.10. ITo COOTHOWeRHIO pHA6epra-XapTMaHa oneaars KpHTH'leCKyro
AJIll: 06pameHHll: BOJIHOBOrO
IJ)IHHY 06p33na H3rOTOBneHHoro H3 pyfiaaa, B KOTOpOM B03MOlKHO +3 11ua6JIIOAe -3 HHe cBepXH3nyqeHHll:. Koauearpauaa HOHOB C 1:.. COCTaBJIll:eT 10 CM , o IlllHHa BOJIHbI pe30HaHcHoro H3nyt1eHHll: 7000 A, HeOAHOpOLUiOe BpeMJi
7.12.
ITYCTh
3JIeKTp0MarHHTHbIe
CABHHyTbI no <pa3e Ha
nepsoro H BTOpOro HMIlYJIbCOB.
14
nona B036YlK.ualOlUHX HMfiYJIbCOB
.fIj 2 . OnpeAeJIHTb <Pa3Y carnana
sxa OTHOCHTeJIbHO
lII'
peJIaKcaUHH
Tz
:
10
-10
.>..,.
'7'
,-:r c.
C, BpeMJI cnOHTaHHoro nepexona ' j : / 0
15
----~-
-~--
-
-
."--_.'~
8.11. B
9.9.
ycnOBHIIX npe,ru,l,lJ;YIIleii 3ll,1ll'lH On;eHHTb KpHTHlJeCKYJO ,lJ;lIHHy
H3JI}"IareJIbHOrO OOCToJIHHJI,Hcnonb3YJI KpHTepHii
Apesa-Koypreaca.
OTHOWeHHe ,lJ;lIHTenbHOCTH 2.1i-BMfiynbca K ,IUDlTenbHOCTH 3$ -HMDynbca. C1JH Tan, 'ITO 3HeprHJI HMfiYJIbca DpaKTHlJeCKH He H3MeHJlnaCb.
9.6. Onpenenars cxopoers pacnpocrpaaeaaa nHHHH OnHCbIBaeTCJI l}>ym
'Lp
T;
ynsrpa cpene, ecna «PoPMa
CTaQlfoHapRoro
I'aycea. Ilocrpoars rpa4>HK penaxcanaa
JaBHCHMOCTH
V ~1
K WIHTenbHOCTH HM
.
9.7. 1-13 reopesrer nnoIIl;a)J;eii cnpeaenars }JJIHuy pe30HaHCHOi cpensr Ha xoropoa ynbTPaKOp~1IiiHMII}'nbc ~O~,ru.IO 3.1inpeBpamrCJI B 2 ii • HMIIynbc. Pe30HaHCHaJI 1JaCTOTa W
•
e,
10 C , AHnonbHbIH Ma~ :meMeHT
- nnoraocrs nayxypOBHeBbIX aroMaB n .. 1020 CM ~3 nepexona a-:: 1 new, J
BpeMJI
Jf.
T 2. =
-10
10 c.
9.8. Kuc
1:P =
10 HC B
nornoareaaa
j
~3
_
Koanearpanaa napoB n: == 1 C , )J;HDonbHbIH MarpH'lHbIH aneMeHT nepexona ol :: 7,2· lO'18'CrC3 en, Jlwr naaaoro nepexona c..> /Z1i c ~ = 12988,7 CM- t (KoypreHc,1968). C).
r
9.1 L 2 11 -BMfiymca ,u;rnrreJIbHOCThlll p = 10 HCnHHeaHo nOnJIpH30BaH aoro anexrpoeaarmrraoro H3nY1JellHJl pacnpocrpanaerca B cpeae, Haxo)J;JIWeii CJI B nocroJIHHOM aKCHanbHOM MllI"HHTHOM none HaIlpJl)l(eHHOCTbJO H:: 1 spcren, Onpenemrrs yron nosopora sexropa
ecna CKOpOcn. pacnpocrpa10 x 10 CMjC - CKOpOCTb caera B BaKYYMe), aeonsoponnoro yWHpeHHJI HeT, )J;nHHa cpel1bl e::10 CM. 9.12. Ha CKOnbKO H3MeHHTCJI pesynsrar npe,ru.I)J;yIII;eii Ja,B,a1JH, eClIH 2 IIIHpHHa Heo)J;Hopo)J;HO yIIIHpeHHoii nHHHH TaKOBa, 'ITO T:- = 10- Z;p ?
V
HeHHJI
nonJIPHJaUHH,
HMIIynbca COCTaBHna 0,1 C (c:: 3
9.13. 21i
-HMIIymc ,u;rnrremHocThJO·lO HC nHHeiiHO nOJIJIpH30BaHHoro
H3nY1JeHHJI npoii)J;JI sepes JI1JeiiKy C pe30HaHCHbIMH aroMaMH acnsrrsraaer sa
,;
nepsocy, paBuyIO ero }J,1IHTenbHOCTH. ll,mma JI1JeiiKH tr =10 CM. Ha KaKoii yron nOBepHeTCJI sexrop nOnJIpR311D;HH H3ny'1eHHJI aroro HMnynbca, ecnn ,B,aHHYJO JI'IeiiKy nOMeCTHTb DO BHeIIIHee MarHHTHOe none HanpJl)l(eHHOCTbIO 1-1 = 0,1 spc reTiJ (Heo)J;HOpo,r:un,IM ywHpeHHeM npeHe6pe'lb) •
9.14. rnOmeHHJI'1
J
'" 0,1 CM HMnynbca,
llByxypoBHeBaJI
_,
3-1
cpena, HMeIOIIl;aJI KoJ4ll}>HII;HeHT pe30HaHCHOro no
r=
~ 10 CM H KoJ4lcPHD;HeHT Hepe30HaHCHOrO nOrnOmeHHJI nOnHOCThJO HHBepmpoBaHa. Onpenemrrs npol}>Hnb C1llD;HOHapHOrO
go.
pacnpocrpaaaenneroca B :noM: cpene co CKOpoCTbIO CReTa. C1JHTaTb,
'ITO Heo)J;HOpO)J;Hoe ymapeaae OTcyrCTByeT. Ou;eHHTb )J;JDITenbHOCTh H aMIInHTyAY
B HeO)J;Hopo)J;Ho ywHpeHHOii
OT OTHOWeHHJI BpeMeHH 06paTHMoii
Dynbca
t
T:p :: 1 nc.
9.4. On;eHHTh B ycnOBHIIX npe,ru.I)J;YI1leii 3a,B,a1JH MHHy pe30HaHCHOii nornomaiouiea cpema, npOXO)J;JI KOTOPYJO 21i -BMIIynbc acnsrraer Ja)J;ep)l(Ky pasayio ero ,lJ;lIHTenbHOCTH. 9.S. BbIBeCTH reopessy nnomaAeii MaK-Konna H Xaaa, H Ha ee OCHOBe Ou;eHHTb crenem. C)I(3THJ1 31f'-HMIIymca, npa ero pacnpocrpaaenaa B naCCHBHOM -nornorarene (fH66c H Cnawep, 1971). Crenens C)l(amJl onpe)J;eJIJleTCJI KaK
V
013
-10 / :1,.
x 10
9.1. On;eHHTh BenH1JHHY :meKTpHlJeCKOrO nons npsssoyronsaoro (cjloPMa Jlopeana H l}>0PMa Taycca) 21; -BMfiynbca, ecna AHnOnbHbIH MOMeHT nsyxypce aesoro arossa pasea O)J;HOMy )J;e6alO. 9.2. Bo CKonbKO pas H3!'>'1eHHTCJI ,lJ;lIHTenbHOCTh CTaII;HOHapHoro ynsrpa KOpOTKOro HMnynbca, pacnpocrpaamomerocs B pe30HaHCHOii nayxypoBHeBoii cpene, ecmr ero aMnnHTyAY yaeJlH1lHTh B )J;Ba pasa? 9.3. Ilonysan, BbIpIDKeHHe ,lJ;lIJi CKOpOCTH pacnpocrpaaeaaa cranaoaap aoro ynsrpaxoporxoro HMIIyJIbca B pe30HaHCHOii naYXYPoBHeBoii cpefe H one HHTh nnOTHOCTh HJnY1Jareneii, npa xoropos sra CKOpOCTb paaaa 10 CM/C. )1HnonbHbIH MOMeHT ol.:: 1 )J;ew, pesoaaacsaa 1JaCTOTa l.v :: lO'~ -1,}JJIH_
KOpOTKOro HMfiymca
21f ~ynbca WIHTeITblDCTbJO
9.10. TIPH pacnpocrpaaeaaa 21; ~JIbca B cpene, nOMemeHHYJO BO aaeuraee MarHHTHOe none ua6mo,B,aeTCJI mraHTCKOe ,aPaAeeBCKOe spameaae sexropa IIOnJIPH311UHH. Ou;eHHTb nocToHHHYJO BePAe }J,1IJI pe30HaHCHorO nepexo z z Q *" ,B,a 51' - P1/z B napax KaJDIJI, HMeIOIUJP(, reMIIeparypy 300 C (T 2. =3,5 x
9. KOrEPEHTHblE npOlJ,ECCbl PACnpOCTPAHEHHR KOPOTKOro
CBETOBoro HMnyflbCA
TeITbHOCTh HMIIynbca
<meHHTb CKOpOCTh
O)J;H0POlIHO ~peHHoa cpene, eClIH KO~JUU{eHT pe30HllHCHOro COCTaBnJleT 10 3 CM -1 _
py6HHoBoro 06pa3n;a H MaKCHMlUIbHO B03MO)lQfYJO CKOpOCTh pacnana csepx
,
sroro HMnyJIbca. 9.lS. B ycnOBIUIX crpororo pesoaaaca B OTCyTCTBHH HOO)J;HOpO)J;HOro yuIHpeHHJI 3BOnJOII;HJI ynsrpaxoponeoro OnTH1JeCKOrO HMnYmca B ,lJ,BYXYPOB HeBoii cpene OIIHChIBaeTCJI amyc-ypaRHeHHeM r Op)J;OHa :
.
r)J;e
6J:'t
=:t
d·E Itt:: iJ67a"[. 9.16. Ecna
~1
H
WeHHJlMH cHuyc-ypaBHeHHJI
6'Z.
( SG)
s l n: d, .!lOKa)I(HTe
sro,
JlBnJIIOTCJI ,lJ,BYMJI pa3JIH1JHbIMH 'laCTHbIMH pe-
Fopnoaa,
ro Me~y HHMH
cyntecrayer coornome
HHe - npeo6pa3OBaHHe 6eKJIYHJlill:
af (6, - 6'.1.): 2 a,. sin[( 6,1- 6l)/2] ,
H3MeHHTCJI pe3YJIbTaT npe)J;bl,lJ;yIIl;eii 3a,o;aU, eCllH BeO)J;HOpO)J;
IDe ywHpeHHe oTcyTCTByer nOJDIoCTbIO'?
a~ (6, + 6 2.) = 2 0;1 5in[(<51 - 62. )/ 2 ] ,
16
2 -¥.9!
17
"nnomans HMnyJlhca". ,Il,rnl 3HaqeHHH napaseerpoa Q, 1 '" 3, Q.2 = 1 nocrpoars rpa
r
a... -
r}J.e
npOH3BOJlhHbm napaMeTp. ,l],OKa311Tb :lTO yTBepX(}J.eHHe. 9.17.TIycTb 6 0 , 6 . , 62 , 63 -lIllCTHblepeWeHllJiypaBHeHHH ( SG) , npH'ieM (f 0 R (f 1 ,62. H 6 3 CDH311Hbl npe06pa30BaHHeM EeKJIYH}J.ll (TIE) Cnapasserpoee 0,1 ' (fo H ($2. ,61 H (5'3 CBH3aHbI TIE C napaseerposr a, ~ . Hcxona H3 aaaoro BblpIDKeHHH IJlIH COOTBeTCTBylO uiax TIE, HCKnJOlJHB npoasaonasre, BbmeCTH "
o)
;;e :: i
ig~ ((5"J-6'Q)=(Q,1+(L2.)(Q,1-a,2.H:''J~(61-62)· HHor}J.ll rOBopHT, 'ITO <popMylla TaHreHCOB
9.18. 3aMeTHM, 'ITO 6 0 :: 0 HBJllieTCH qaCTHbIM peureaaesr ypasaeHHH (S G ). Hcnonssya npeotipasosaaae Beicnysna RaHTH nropoe lIllCTHOe pemeaae 6 ' CDH311HHOe C ($0 ,eClIH napaseerp }J.eHCTBHTellbHoe 1 tIHCllO. CpaBHHB crauaoaapaoe peurenae ypaBHeHHH caMOHHlJ.YUHPOBaHHOH pp03pa'IHOCTH C nOJIY'leHHbIM 3}J.eCb: f 6 1 / fJ J onpenernrrs
a... -
I
r:
CKHH CMblcn napasserpa CL. 9.19. cIlopMYJIY TaHreHCOB MO)KHO HCnOJIb30BaTb IJlIH HaxOX(}J.eHHH ana JIHTH'ieCI<;oro Bblpa)KeHHH 4 1i -HMllyJIbCa, He pemaa HBHO HHKaKHX llK
cr
0'3 = £/ a "[, c t
rne a" f
>
9 [CL t + a. 2.
v: :: a..: "[ - ~ / Q.,i.
a) }J.OKa311Tb, 'ITO E 3
O,a
(1.,,t
at -a2.
i
= 1,2· = fJ ~ 3 /
>
•
j
)/2. ]
sh(vt
-ifZ
C h'((f,
+ If'z.) {2
EClIHonpenenars KaHOHHtIeCKHH HMllYJIbC :11= iJ ~ / (5 1 ' TO ycnoaae, onpenenmoutee rmomana CTaIJ;HOHapHbIX HMllYJIbCOB, npasser BJm ycnOBHH KBaHTOBaHHH Bopa. .IJ.oKa311Tb no yTBepX(}J.eHHe. 9.24. B pasocax m -CXeMbI noJIYtIHTb reopessy nJIOll\a]J.H, 0606ll\eHHYIO aa cJIY'IllH Bblp0)K}J.eHHoH nayxyposaeeoa cpensi. Onpe}J.eJIHTh, B xaxaxcrrysaax caMoHH}J.yUHpoBaHHaH np03pa'IHOCTb B03MO)KHa. 9.25. Cpe}J.H CTaIJ;HOHapHbIX peweHHii ypaBHeHHii caMoHH}J.yIJ;HpOBaHHoH np03pa'IHOCTH 2 J( -HMnyJIbC - no O}J.HO H3 B03MO)KHbIX peureaaii. ECJIH peao HaHCHaH cpena 6bIJIa rrpensaparensao B036yX(}J.eHa (HO He HHBepTHpOBaHa) H HeO}J.HOpO}J.Hoe YIIlHpeHHe npeHe6peJKHMO MaJIO no cpaBHeHHIO C O}J.HOpO}J.HbIM, TO B yCJIOBHHX crpororo pesoaaaca HMeeT MeCTO HeJIHHeHHaK nepHO}J.H'leCKaK BOJIHa. HaRTH Bblpa)KeHHe }J.lIH aMlllIHTy}J.bI 3JIeKTpHtIeCKOrO nOJIK H 3aBHCH MOCTb nepaona nyJlhcaIJ.Hi{ OT creneaa npensaparemaoro B036yX(}J.eHHH B nOM
i
cnysae. 10. OnTM~ECKAR
KOrEPEHTHOCTb
j~ J
}J.eHCTBHTeJIbHO 4.1f-HMllYJIbC, xorna
<. 0;
6) HaHTH HBHoe Bblpa)KeHHe IJlIH aMIIlIHTY}J.bI :meKTpH'ieCKOrO nOlIH
E3
H nOKa311Th, 'ITO 41/-HMllYJIbC pa36HBaeTCH Ha }J.Ba 2111l:Mllynbca; B) onpenemm, <pa30Bbm C}J.BHr, B03HHKalOll\HH npa CTOlIKHOBeHHH nsyx 21i"-HMnyllbcoB, eClIH HX }J.lIHTeJIbHOCTH pa3JIH'IllIOTCH B 10 paa; r) npa KaKOM orj;lllHHqeHHH aa a6COJIIOTHble 3Ha'leHHH napasserpos a., 1 H Q, 2. B03HHKalOmmi npa CIolIKHoBeHHH nsyx 211-HMllYJIbCOB 47/ -HMllynbC 6y}J.eT HMeIb O}J.HH MaKCHMyM, rrpexne '1eM OH CHOBa pacnanerca aa }J.Ba COJIHTOHa? 9.20. EClIH B Bblpa)KeHHH IJlIH (5:1 H3 rrpensmyuiea 3a}J.ll'lH nOJIO)KHTb napasserp a.,2.:> 0 (KaKH Q,.1 > 0),ToorH6alOll\aHHMIIYJIbcat3=1l~3/"r 6y}J.eT HMeTb nOllO)KHTeJIbHble H orpanarensssre 3Ha'leHHH. HaHTH nOJIHYIO
18
1) .
l)
:
ar
C Q S 6' -
a
asrpaacaer "HellHHeHHbIH npHHUHII
cynepn03H~".
=a
6! 6'(; -+ (
10.1. .IJ.oKa311Tb, 'ITO npa MniOBeHHOM H3MepeHHH ycpenaeaaoa no ne pHO}J.y HHTeHCHBHOCTH BepoHTHOCTb norryxeaaa ee 3HaqeHHH B aarepaane OT I (t)}J.o I (t) -+ oL t) paaaa [r (i:)] cJ., I (t.) , me
r(
p[z] H
I
f
-i
(1/I) exp(-2/IJ
-
HHTeHCHBHOCTb, ycpenaeanaa no 6oJIbwoMY HHTepBaJIY BpeMeHH. 10.2. qeMy paBHO Cpe}J.HeKBaAPaTHtIHOe OTKJIOHeHHe ycpenaeauoir no nepHOAY HHTeHCHBHOCTH XaOTHtIeCKOrO CBeTOBoro rryxxa? 10.3. Onpe}J.eJIHTb KOppeJIHIJ,HOHHYIO
19
10.5.
Onpell;emrrb crenens xorepeamocra nepsoro
nopsmca
AllJI KJIaC
11.3.
Cll'JeCKoro CTaD;HoHllJBIoro (MOHOXpoMaTH1leCKOro) CBeTa.
10.6. XaOTll'IeCKHH CBerOBoH O)];lloMOAoBbIH nyqOK HCIII>ITbmaer B 0)];110 MepHOM pesoaarope cnyqaiim.Ie cPJIYlCrya~ HHTeHCHBHOCTH. 'uOKa3llTb, 'ITO
ero
CTenem
xorepesraoera nepsoro nopsmca
paBHll
e)];ll~e
11.4.
AJIJI acex npo
10.7. Ilycrs cra6Hm.HbIH CBeTOBoH nyqoK C03,11,llH nyTeM B036Y)J(lJ;eHHJI nsyx MOil; pesoaaropa. Jloxasars, 'ITO OR xorepearea B nepsoss nopJlAKe AllJI scex nap T01JeK. 10.8. Flyers B pesoaarope Bo36y>K.ueHbI TOJIbKO ABe MOIJPI, Hem.ITbmaro IUHe Re38BHCHMbIe cJI}'1J8ihIbIe raYCCOBbI cPJIYlCT}'llD;HH, DplflleM cpensae 38 6oJIbWoH npOMe»eyTOK BpeMeHH HHTeRCllBHOCIH 06eHX MOil; OIJ;HH8KOBbI. Onpe
nenars creneas xorepearaocra nepsoro nopJlJJ,K8 H 3llBHCHMOcu. BpeMeHH xorepearaocra OT pa3HOCIH '1aCTOTH3JI)"IeHHJI 06eHX MOil;. 10.9. Iloxasars, 'ITO IJ;JIJI mo6oro xaOTH1JeCKOrO CBeTOBoro HCT01IHHKa KOppemlUHOHH8JI cPfHKUIDI sroporo noPJlAK8 0Dpell;eJIJleTCJI BeJIIl'IHHOH KOp
1JeCKOrO
nepsoro nopsmca.
creneas KorepeHTHOCIH aroporo nopJl,llKa xaora csera sepea crenens KOrepeHTHOCIH nepsoro nopJI,IJ;ICa. IIoKa38Tb,
10.10.
Bbrpa3HTb
'ITO xaoTH'leCKHii
cser
He MmKeT 6bITb KorepeHTHbIM· BO BTOpoM
nopamce
H3JlyqeHHJI,
cnw;HOHapHaJI BOJIHa
xorepearaa
CTaD;HOHllPH8JI BOJIH8
xorepearaa
BO acex nopamcax.
_
10.14.
HaiiTH
COOTHoweHHe MeXCAY BH,IJ;R)CTbIO HHTeIXPepeHIntOHHI>IX
nOJIOC B JKCJIepHMeHTe lOHra H creneasio KorepeHTHOcIH nepsoro nopJIAK8.
10.15.
.!loKa38Tb, 'ITO 3H8J1 BHIJ;HOCTb HHTePcPepeHIntOHHbIX nOJIOC MOllC
HO onpenenars CJIeKrpaJIbHbIH COCTclB H3JI)"IeHHJI.
cMeumRHOe COCTOmlHe, HMeeT
see
MOnbI
xoroporo
creneas
KOrepeHTHOCTH
HaXOilllTCJI B
B npOH3BOJIbHoe
korepeHTHoCTH
nepaoro nopanxa
pasayio
CBeTOBoro
xcrepenraoss COCTOJIHHH.
11.6. Pennrrs npensmymyto :EJJ,a'lY AlIH crenesa KorepeHTIIOCTH IIPOH3 nopamca. 11.7. HaUTH crenens KorepeHTHOCTH nepsoro nopHAK8 )l;lIJI H3.i1yqeHHJI '!erHoro rena.
BOJIbHOrO
{
~ I f
npa KaKHX YCJIOBHJlX. 10.11. Haiim creneas xorepearaocra aroporo nopJl,llKa IJ;JIJI xaora '1eCKOrO CBeTOBoro nyqKa C JIopeHlleBbIM (H C rayccoasae) 'IllCTOTHbIM pac
10.12. IIoKll3IlTb 'ITO KJI8CC11'JeCKaJl B nepsow H BTOpOM nopJIIJ;K8X. 10.13. Iloxasars, 'ITO KJIaCCH1JeCKaJI
nepsoss nopsruce. Md.rr,a H3JIyqeHHJI, B036yx<:ll;eHHaJl
enaaane. 11.5. Onpenenars creneas
HH
npell;eneHHeM.
1l0Ka38Tb, 'ITO
CTaTHCnI1IeCKH
CTpIlHCTBeHHo-BpeMeHHIaIX TO'IeK peaoaaropa.
pemnntOHHOR cPfHKIntH
IIoKa38Th, 'ITO MO)J.8 H3,'1yqeHHJI, Bo3)iy)J(lJ;eHHaJl B npOH3BOl1bHOe
lIHCToe COCTOHHHe, xorepesraa n
11.8. Onpenenars crenens KOrepeHTHOCTH nepsoro nopamca TeIDIOBO fa pasaosecaoro H3JI)f'lemlJI, eCJIH ace MOAbI KpOMe OAHOH HCKJIIOlIeHbI (OT
11.9. HaiiTH creneas KorepeHTHOCTH BTOpOro nOPHAKa H3JIyqeHHH, cPo xoroporo HaxOWlTCH B COCTOHHHH C onpeneneaasrss 'lHCnOM • 11.11. HaRTH CTeIIeHb KorepeHTHOCTH sroporo IIOpH,a;Ka rermosoro paaaosecaore H3JIyqeHHH. 11.12. qeMy paaaa CTeIIeHb KOrepeHTHOCm nroporo nopsnxa TeIDIOBO ro paaaoaecaoro H3JIY'..eHHJI, B KOTOpOM OT
HOU?
t,
, ~.
11.13. Peunrrs rrpensmytnyro xporae
3a)J;l'iY,
ecna
OTcPHJIbTpOBaHbI
ace
MOAbI,
JJ;BYX.
11.14. Bstpasars creneas KorepeHTHOCTH sroporo nopsnxa rrpOH3BOJIb caerosoro nysxa xepes cpenaae 3Ra'ielijllH 'IRena $OTOHOB
HOroOgHOM01l0BOro H
xaanpar ero. 11.15.
IIoKa3aTb, 'ITO creneas KorepeHTHOCTH npOJl3BOJIbHOrO
nopamca pasaa
m. !
, ecna
Bee
npOCTpaHCTBeHHO~peMeHHbIe
m
oro
T01JKH, B KO
TOpbIX fiepyrca oneparopsi nOJIH, COBnanaIOT.
11.16.
HaRTH
COOTHOIIIeHHH
l'.'.e)l()J;y cpenaase 'lRCJIOM
HHM KBanpaTOM 'lRC1Ia
11. KOrEPEHTHbiE
CBOACTBA CIIOTOHOB
11.1. Iloxasars,
~. CBeToBoH IJY'IOK, cocrosmaa H3 OJJ,HOH MO,!J,bI H3JlY
'IeHHJI, Bo36YXCAeHHoH ."'COCTOJIHHH C onpeneneaasoe lIHCJIOM cPOTOHOB I n.>,HMe er crenens KOrepeHTHOCTH paBHyJO eIJ;HHHIle.
11.2. Haara
creneas KorepeHTHOCTH CBeTOBoro rrysxa, cPOTOHbI KOTO
poro HaxOIJ;JlTCJIB KorepeHTHOM COCTOJIHHH I'naytiepa.
20
11.17. Bo
CKOJIbKO paa OTJIH'Iae.TClI CKOpOCTb JJ;BYX
llleHHH KorepeHTHOI'O CReTa OT CKOpOCTH IlBYX
11.18. Onpenennrs COBCKoro H3JIyqeHHH
B KaKOM cnysae J4>
(npa KOM6HHaIUiOHHOM paccesaaa CBeTa)
ssnne: rrpa
xorepearaov none RaKa'lKH HJIH npa xaoTH'leCKoM? ll.l9.PacC'lHTaTbR HaJIbHOR BOJIHbl B
Me)l()J;y co60ii: CKOpOCTb reaepauaa CRr
CpaRHHTb
napasserpasecxoee
reaeparope JlllJl cnysaes xorepearaoro
H xaorirsecxoro nOJIH HaKaqKH.
11.20. Peurars npensmymyro
3a,a;aqy )lITH
napasrerpaxecicoro
yCUJUITeJIH.
21
'i
Iloxaaars
12. KOrEPEHTHblE COCTORHlllfl
3.11EKTPOMAfHMTHoro nons
n03BOJDIeT
12.1. B xasecrae orrpenenemra xorepearaoro COCTOJIHHH MOlKRO npa HHTh ycrrosae, xro xorepearaoe COCTOJlHHe ecrs coocrseaaoe cocroanae one paropa yRHqTO)l(eHHll <poTORa.C L\pyrOH C~OPOHbI l
W(tX~ O() -+
penrars sanasy 0
r.e.
Tapa
12.3.
HhIM
Onpenenars BepOHTHOCTh roro, 'ITO B OMOH MOne nom" HaXO-
()(:> COL\eplKRTCH J n > epOTOHOB. 12.4. Iloxasars, '!TO xoreperrrasre COCTOHHIl:H He 06pa3YJOT oproronans
L\HUIerOCH B KOrepeHTHOM COCTOHHHH
'ITO
J. ) . "
U /\,'"
"paanoxeaae
HemiOH
cynepnosanaea
I at. ).
HaHTH
HBJIHeTCH na
MHO)I(CCTBa xorepenraux COCTOIDrnH (CBOHCTBO rrepe
npencraanesae
i.,F..:au/at :: HU
12.7. Iloxasars, 'ITO ecna 101.>
yHHlJ:TO)l(eHHH
epYHKl.J;HH OT orreparopoa pO)I(AeHlIH H
F (a..+, a..) npencrasneaa B HOpMllJIhHOH <PapMe, TO < 0(. IF (a.~ a-)Jfl" :: F( oc: 1t', fl) <. ec '13 > ,
F(0( ~) Ii) 12.9.
)loKaJaTh, '!TO eClIH
F( a.+, Cl.)
'*
3Ra'IHaH 4!yHKl.J;HH, TO
.
-
<<xIF(Q+,a..)/oc>=F(cx. +ojOOl..,CX):. F(lX. 12.10. Ilycrs sanan
epopMa ero
:
1=";
oneparop
I
,c:x+(!JtiJrx.
*)
.
F (a.+, a.) . HOPMaJIhHO ynopsnoneaaaa F(et", a.j
a+ crreaa Ca., a.+]'" 1 . B 06l.l.\eM cnysae: : F(CL~ a..):
rronysaercs, ecna B
pacnonosorrs nee
a, ,003 ysera KOMMYraTOpa :f P( a..+, c.) . HO.yqHThlBaH KOMMyTal.J;HOHHoe COOTHOllIeHHe,MO)I(HO npeofipa 30BaTh F Ca.+, a..) +B (no <popMe npyroii) one~aTop (a....., a.}, TaKOH. qTO :FN (a.+, CL): = po CQ.. , ct) . Hanpassep, F= Q. a. . Torna ; F::a: Q" ~= a. a..+ 1 OT
f5v
H OqeBH)J;HO, '!TO :
22
PH :
=F .
)].lI1I MarpHllhl IIJIOTHOCTH
COCTOR1illH COOTBeTcTByIDT BOJIHO-
/tX)o ': II (Cot) 10> . Iloxasars 'ITO }J)1H
cnpasenmsao paBeaCTBO:
I
CBOHCTBa oneparopon CL\BHra
.D (0() .
!3.CTAT~CT~~ECK~E
CBClliCTS,.o. ~OTOHC~ B nAPAMETPH~ECK!IIX nPOUECCAX 13.1. HaRTH xapaKTepHCTHqecKYJO
CA (~ )
}J)1H aHcaM6JIH
rapMOHHqeCKHX OCL\HJIJIHTOPOB, aaxonstnerocs B '-!HCTOM COCTOHHHH:
CA ($):: Sf' {pexp( q.
npOH3BOnhHaH oneparopao-
~
r(a,~ a.)
12.15. Onncars anre6paHlJ:eCKHe
F a. ,
-
+'a.) C -'lHcnoBaH epyHKl.J;HH, norrysaesraa H3 ( epopManhHoH JaMeHOH a. + ex """, ci. __ j3 . Iloxaaars )TO yTBep)I(AeHHe. me
rrpegCTaBJIemrn rto KorepeHT-
nt(o') F(Cl.", a.)D(oc) =F(o.,+.4-OC", Q..+O').
COCTOJIHHHM.
12.8. Ecrra oneparopao-saaunaa
'ITO KorepeHTHble
noro COCromIHH B xorepenrnoe, r.e ,
xorepenrnsrsr
H I j3 > - KorepeHTHbleCOCTOJlHHH, TO <.0(.1a..+/j3>;; 0(.*<0(./]3>; <~ I a.Jfi ».. (0(./2 + a/aO(.~}.
B
cocrosnaros IJ,aeT HOPMaJIbH"jID ¢tOPMY U. 12.12. Iloxasars, qTO ypaBHeHHe feii:3eHOOpra
rrpOH3BolIhHOro oneparopa
npoaasonsaoro orreparopa no
onepa-
BblM naxerass C MHHHMllJIbHOH HeonpeLleJIeHHOCThID. 12.14. llycTh :D(o(,.':: exp(oc.a.+-oc*n\_ '-"jorrepaTop CIJ:BHraBaKYYM
nonHeHHOCTH 6a3Hca xorepearasrx COCTOJlHHH).
12.6.
ypaBHemm JJP.l3BOJIIDlJ;HOHHOrO
ypaBHeHHH JIHyaHnna.
eL\HHHLlbl" no 'KorepeHTID.IM COCTOIDrnHM
H rroxasars 'ITO npoasaonsnoe xorepearnoe COCTOJIHHe
pemeaae
: J
12.13. Iloxasars, BblBeCTH
W(a.-+, a.),
B npencraaneaaa ITO KorepeHTHbIM COCTOHHHHM HMeeT BHA KJIaCCHqeCKoro
/
noro OO3Hca.
12.5.
iN' (0(."", tX) :: W(cx:*,lX + ajalX*)
( 1-1 _ raMRJlbTOHH3H KBaHTOBOH CHcTeMbI)
oneparo
pa pO)I(AeHHH <PaTORa C KOHe'lHblM C06CTBeHIlbIM 3HaqeHHeM.
rrpeo6pa30BaHHe
HOpMalIbHOM ynopHIJ;OqeHHH oneparopa
)loKa3aTh, 'ITO 000
COCTOHHHH
W("'~ ()(.)
W( a:",a.)::: ; W(a+; 0.,) 12.1 1. Iloxasars,
10&> '" exp(o(.a,.+- oc*"a-)J 0>_ onpeneneaaa 3KBHBllJIeHTRhI. 12.2. Iloxasars, qTO He cyutecrayer C06CTBeRHOrO
qTO )].lIft: npOH3BOJIhHOH 4JYHKL\Hli
A}} ,A,. 0'- a.. -+ O(.*a.".
MeHHeTCH JIH
13.2. COCTOJHrne aHcaM6JIH rapMOHlIlJ:eCKHX OCL\HJIJIHTOPOB, OIIHCbma essoe pacrrpeLleneHHeM
Ilyaccoaa, HO co ClIytl3HHOH
racrase CKlIM oneparoposr:
00
f(f) :::exp(-Fi-)f,)::{'L j n ><. n rne
I,
n.::: 5 p (af a. p . ) - cpennee 'lHCJlO
CKyID epyHKllHlO
CA
(~) i..lJUI TaKOH CHCTeMbL
-, ,
13.3. OnpeJJ;eJIHTb
ell. (t)
xap81CTepaC'I1AeClC)'IO cflymcUHIO
lJIY'leHHHsepaoro rena, HaXoWlUleroCa: npH resmeparype
WUI H3
14••A3OBWA nEPIl:XOA
T.
BCMCTEME
ABYXYPOBHEBblX ATOMOB
13.4. Onpenemrrs epenaee 3Ha'leHHe aanpJOKelrdOCTeH 3lIeKTpHtlecr
14.1.
H::c.>a.·a,+Et6~ .(>"IW)Nd~ (a/+a.). J=I cI 7;, d
soro pesepsyapa.
pesynsraraset npenbInyIUHX 3anall).
npacyrcmae caraana C onpeneaeaasem 3HalleHH lIMli HanpJDKeHHOCTeH 3lIeKTpHtleClCOrO H Mlll'HaTHoro nons YMeHhwaeT 3Hlp0 IIHIO rennosoro aanyseaaa, 13.7. qeMy pasaa 3HrpOIDHl aHcaM6mr rapMoHWieClCHX OCUlillJUlTOPOB, aaxonmneroca B 'lHCTOM COCTOJIHHH? 13.8. Bbl'DlenHTb cpennee 'lHeno KBaHTOB H8 qaCTOTe C4J i napasser pasecxoro YCHnHTenH B MOMeHT apeMeHH t , ec.TIH B Ha'lanbHbIH MOMeHT BpeMeHH CTaTHCTHlIeCKHH oneparop H3JIyqeHHli aa lIaCTOTaX (.)., H €'vz. liMe (yKaiaHHe: BOCIlO1JbJOBaTbCft
13.6.
I
IIoKa3aTh, 'iTO
eTBHjJ;
fj (0):: Qxp(~nj). ex." (W7 a j
I
){0><0/ ex? (lttJ·a J)
Wi = Vfi/ ex? (- c'fj ) , j
1,2 .
:t
cPa30Bhlii nepexon aroporo pona? 14.3. OneHHTb nnoraocrs
.IlwcH cymecrsyer
arossoa, B33HMQAei1!CTBytO xoropoa B03MOm:JHr cjlaJO ti. '" 1 ne6d, sacrora nepexo
nayxypOBHeBhIX
JUHX C KBaHTOBaHHhIM O,QBOMOnOBhIM DOJIeM, npH }Ibm
nepexon, Ilonarars,
,lJ,HIIonbHblii MOMeHT
)J.a COOTBeTCTByeT OJITH1leCKOMY nmmaJo&y.
14.4: ,llOICll311Th, 'ITO DPH o606meHHH MOnemr Jlmat Ha cjlaJOBbIH nepexon B Hei
14.5. HaRTH
Bhlii
CJIY'Iri: M
MOn,
coxpaasercs.
repMonaHllMHlJeCKHe cflyHKu;HH MOnenH,lbrKH (onHOMono
cnyqai). Onpenenars KpHTJI1IeCKHe :BHAeKChl B' O,mlOMOnoBOH M'>nemr)lmcH
14.7. OneHHTb KpHTH'leCKytO resmeparypy, DpH xoropoa DpoHCXOIl;HT cjlaJOBbIH nepexon B CHCTeMe nayxypoDHeBhIx aTOMOB, B3lIHM0neiiIcmylOJUHX C peJOHaHCHbIM O)J.HOMOnOBbIM :meKTpOM8nmTHhIM noneM C nmrlloH BOJIHhI
Pj(o)=/nJ)(nj/
j
13.10.
OueHHTb
.\ ~ 100)lt, . ,lbmoJIbHhli MaTpHlJHbIii :meMeHT nepexona ci
JqxpeKTHBH)'lO IlIYl\IIOBYIO resmeparypy napasserpn
13.11.
HaHTH
14.8.
xapaxrepacranecxyro
soe H3JIyqeHHe. Onpenenars OTCIO)J.a cpennee lIHeno KBaHTOB B CHrHa1JbHOH
I
MO)J,e.
13.12.
HaHTH xapaxrepacrasecxyio
Iloxasars, 'lTO napaMeTpHtleCKHH npeofipaso otinanaer KB8HTOBbIM IlIYMOM. 13.13. llnlI napaaerpasecxoro npeotipasoaarena qaCTOTbI Bbl'DlCJIHTb
CKOro npeoupasoaarena sacrorsr. aarens lIaCTOThI He
cpenaee xacno KBaHTOB.B(CHmaJIbHOH MO)J,e B MOMeHT BpeMeHH
i =0
r
~j (0).= /l1.j >< n.i
13.14.
14.9.
Onpe)J,eJIHTh BepOHTHOCTh roro, tlTO B MOMeHT BpeMeHH
'·
HatiarrhHbrH: MOMeHT OH HaXOp;HJICH B COCTOHHHH PeIlIHTb npemanyuryro
06pa30&aTeJIH lIaCTOThI.
24 _
, eCJIH npa
sanasy,
OneHHTb 'lReno cjloroHOB, OTHeceHHYJO K noJUlOMY sacny nayx
YPOBHeBhIX aroseoa npa a6comOTllOHTeMIIeparype
T= 0 K
B ycnOBHfIX 3aA8'IR
14.7. 14.10. HaHTH
nonpasxy K KPHTJI1IeCKOH ressneparype B Mo,u;elIH )lm
(Op;HOMO,u;OBbm enyqaii), yqHTbIBaIOIUytO ,lJ,HIIonb-)J;IIIIOmHOe B3lIHMo,u;eHcmHe. KaK H3MeHHTCfI ycnoaae CHnhHOH CBH3HnpH 310M?
14.11.
IIoJIyqHTb BhIpllJKeHHe nJIfi yenoBHH CHnhHOH CBJI3H H KpHTHlJe
cKOO resereparypsr B
caeresse
rpexyposaeasrx aTOMOB,B3aHMo,u;eiicTBytOIlUlX
C O,u;HOMO,u;OBbIM pe30HaHCHhIM nOJIeM H3JlY1IeHHH.
Csarars
cnexrp arOMOB
3KBHll;He1'llHTHhIM.
paMeTpHtleCKHH yCHnHTeJIb HaXO)J,RTCH B COCTOJIHHH
13.15.
t
Onpenenars resmeparypayso 3aBHCHMOCTh cpenaero 'lliCJIa cfloTO
HOB, OTHeceHHyIO K lJIlCJJy pe30HaHCHhIX aTOMOD B O,mlOMO,u;OBOH MO,u;enH )lmcH.
somrsr B napasserpasecxcsr ycamrrene,
\
= 1 ne6aii:. Ilnor
HOCTh aTOMOB TaKODa, 'ITO YClIOBHe CHJlJ>HOH CBJi3Hssmonaserea.
- tleCKOrO yCHnHTenH OnTHlleCKOrO naanasoaa.
I
"-'L __ ~
3ueprHlO B IlJlHHOO MOneJIH. 14.2. IIpH KaKOM ycnOBHH B O,QBOMOnODOH MOnena
CB06QJ:U1YIO
H nposepars ClCeiimmroBwe OOOTHOweHIIJlMe)lQJy HHMH.
13.9. Peunrrs npensmyuiyro aanasy, ecna
Ii
HaiiTH
14.6.
Ii
O,QBOMOnOBU MO,ne.nbJlHKII onpenenaercs raMBJIi,roHHllIlIDM:
f, .na
I m: 1 ,m.z >, ecna B nepso
Inf
,
t'L 2.
14.12.
PeIlIHTb npenhI)J;)'InYIO 3a)J,ll'ly nJIX CJIY'Illx He3KBHIl;HCTaHTHOrO
cnexrpa H nsyx peJOHaHCHbIX MO,u; :meKTpOMarHHTHOrO nona.
,. •
HO }llIH napasserpasecxoro npe
2S
Iii ;11
PEKOMEHAYEMAR nMTEPATYPA
III!
14.13. KaK H3MeHJITCJl pe3)'JUTaTbI
i
. Ii
npe~ynnlX 3ll1l/lll, eCJIH )J;Ba
83 rpex 3HepreTH~CKHX ypOBHei COBDll,IJ;lIOT, a nepexon Mexmy HHMH sanpe mea,
Ii;!
14.14. HaUm ycnosse CWIbllOii: CBJl3H, KpHmqeCKYIO IeMJIepaTypy H ypaBHeHHe, onpeneneomee rrapaMeTp nopamea B OjJ,HOMOIJ.OBOi MOlJ.emI
1;1
JIIepre1H'leCKlDf YPOBHJI J:UI~p3mO BWj)'O)J(fl;eHbl. 14.15. Pennrn, npelJ.bllJ.YlUYIO 38Wlqy npa rrpoH3BOnl>lIOH Kpamocm 8b1poxc.neHHJl 3Hepre~CKHX ypoBHeH. 14.16. IIoKa311Th, qyO B MOlJ.emI .!bu
,,IbucH, eCJIH 000
I
I j
1,2
p83AeJI8M
"I(
1.11. onoM6epI'eJl,He1lHHeiiHaJl onrmca. - M.: MHp, 1966.
2.
A • .Hj)HB. KBaHTOBaJI arrexrpomnca H He1lHHeii:HaJI onraxa. -
COB. pa)J.HO., 1973 .. 3. P. I1aRTen.,
r.iiyrxo4l..
M.:
OcHOBbI KBaHTOBOH 3neKTpoHHKH. - M.:
. MHp, 1972.
4. A. j{pHB. B c6. BBe)J.eHHe B anrerpansnyso onraxy /IIOIJ. pen, M. BapHOCKH. - M.: MHp, 1977, crp. 176.
I(
p83Ae.nMl
3, 4
1:11. onOM6epI'eJl.He1lHHeii:HaJIOIITHKa. - M.: MHp, 1966.
2.P.IIaJrreJl,r. nyrx~ .OCHOBbI KBaHTOBoH 3neKTpoHHKH. -M.: MHp,
J .! 15. PA3HbiE 3A,AA'IM
-
15.1. Ou,eHHTb HHTeHCHBHOCTh asnyseaaa, IIpH KOTOpoi npOHCXOIJ.HT n01lHaJIHOHH311IJ;IDI semecraa. 15.2. IIpH KaKHX HHTeHCHBHOCTJlX nasepaoro H31IyqeHHJl cnenyer yqH rsraars pe1lJlTHBHCTCKHe ~eKTbI? . 15.3. Onpenenars yuntpeHHe3HepreTH'leCKoroypoBHJI ~31lJ1 9D 3/, I sosaaxaiomee B CBeTOBOM none H:myqeHHJl pyQHHOBoro nasepa sa erer Jll>41eK 10 2 ra uacsnueaaa. MOIUHOCTh H31I)"IeHHJl pasaa 10 BT/CM • 15.4. Orrpenenars ynmpeaae 1IHHHH ue3HJI 9 D3/z. B CBeTOBOM none py6HHOBOro nasepa MOIllHOCT&1O 10 10 BT/ CM2. sa ClIeT HOHH3llUHH B aenpepsra
1972. 3. A. JlpHB. KBaHTOBaJI 3neKTpoHHKa H He1lHHeiHaJI onraxa. - M.: COB. panao, 1973. 4. C6. He1lHBebaJI meKrpocKOIIHJI. /IIOIJ. pen. H. onoM6epreHa.
M.: MHp, 1979.
5. oyrldJIKHH' ac., KarrnaH A.E., Xpoeonyno lOr., j1KY60BII'I Pe30HaHCHble B311HMOlJ.eHCTBIlJI caera CBellleCTBOM. - M.: HaYKa, 1977 .
I(
E.H.
Pll3Aeny 5
1. MllHWKHII 3.A. B3aHMOIJ.eHCTBHe H:my'IeHHJl C BellleCTBOM, lIaCTh 1. 1977.
HbIii: enexrp.
M.:
15.5. OueHHTb C)J;BHI' Bnoxa-Carepra B none 21;ofIMIIynbca, pacnpocrpa HJlIOlllerOCJl B YCllOBIDIX pesonaaca )]lIJl nepexona ZS f/t. _,z P1/2, B napax Ka1IllJI. 15.6. BbmeCTH "npaBWIO CYMM" IJ.1IJl nayxyposaeaoro aTOMa.
B01lH. -M.: HaYKa, 1976. 3. o)'Thl1lKHHB.C., KawBII A.E.,
MH~H,
2.
ldBapufiypr
A.B. reoMerpH'leCKaJl orrneca B He1lHHeHHOH reopaa
Xpoaonyne 1O.r., j1KY60BII'I E.H.
Pe30HaHCHble B3aHMOIJ.eHCTBHJl CBeTa CBellleCTBOM. - M.: Hayxa, 1977. 4. KapIlMaH B.H. Hemraeaaue BonHbI B nacrreprapyroutax cpenax, M.: HaYKa, 1973. ../'
!' I(
1.
n.
p33AeJ13M
6,7,8
AJDIeH, ,Ibc. 36epnH. OnTWlecKHH pe30HaHC H nsyxypoaaessae
aTOMbI. -M.: MHp, 1978.
27
I I
-~_.
26
-~--
2• • MaIcoM6ep. nmwNJDCa CII~poacOIJllllllacHX DepeXOppB. - Pd.: ""p,1979. . .. , . . 3. C6. "B~ am~' /TIoA pen, H. BnoM6eprelll.· M.:MIIp, 1979. , . . 4. CG. "'3~ aI~" mOA peA. B.A; Foneaa JQeBH(Y1)'3OBa .; B.D. C8MapneBa, Ka3aJQ., Ka3aHCICIIil. cl»H3BICo-reXJlHlleCKHii . BHC1IITYT, 1975. . . . .
Kl*aUV 13
1. Y. Jlm.tc:ellJl. Itmy1IeBHe H myMhl B lCBIBTOBOB :meKTpOlIHICe. - M.: Haytca,1972. 2. M. n3Kc. 4>nyKyYaJlHH H lCorepeH1'Hhle JlBDeRIlJI. - M.: MIIp, 1974. 3. KnwlDKollB. 4loTOHhl H aeJJHHeiiuaB ODTlllCa. -M.: Haytca, 1980.
Kl*aUV$
K
1. n. AmeR. ,ll-. 3fieps. OIrnl'leCKliii pe30HllHC· H' JUlYJtypoBBeBWe -M.: MIIp,1978. ( 2. IJoD:yllK'nJB. M.A., nOll«a II.M., ~ B.C. ~T caMOBH ~aBBOiiDp03pa:'lBOCTll. - Y$H, 114, N" 1,97, 1974.
a1OMW.
3. ICpIlIKca, B pe3OmBCBO
Dr.. ·J1eroxOB
I. IOJl.
P83A1tJIY 14
KJJHMOBTOB8'I. KmteTH1Jeacax TeOpHB :melCrpoM8l1IIITHbIX npo
neCCOB. -M.: Hayxa,
1980.
B.C. Pacapocrpaaeaae HMlIyJlhC8 eaera
yClDlllBalOUleii (nornQllllUOUleii)cpene.
~
Y4>H '99, N" 2, 169,
1969. ICP"UV llO
1..11. ~~ caera. -M.: Map, 1974.
2."•.J'I'oy-..OCBmro:su TeOpII.B. CBe'J'8.- M.: Map, 1'976.
~~uv
11
1. P. JlIoy~ l!ClMmr'Jl'tOmUI 1reOp1iJl c:etra. - M.: Map, 1916. 2. ,na. K~, 3. ~ OcaoBw ICBaRTOBoB 0II'l111C11.
-
N.:
MHp,1970.. ' 3. ~o,IUll.l»oToBllll !l! IlleJllDfiIiBlWl ollTJlllCa. - Y.: HayKa, 1980. K
PGAUV 12
1. P. JioyAGI.1CBaHToBaB TeOpIUI CBe'J'8. -M.: MHp, 1976.
2. P. fay6ep, B ~. '1CBaBroBu 0IITBICll1i ICBaBTOBU pamI<xI)Jl3loca". M.: MIIp, 1966, C1p. 9¥ 3. C6. 'XorePeHTllWe COCTOJIIIRJI: B ICBllHTOSoR TeopHH", cep. HeM, . BIiIiI.l. -M.:MHp, 1972.
28 29
''''.
-- ---- ----
---_._._------- - - I .
AHRPeA IIlB8HOB
3AVltPA AHlITon
MeAMIICl'OB M8NIoIKIIN
CEiOPHMK 3AAA't
no KYPCY
"B3AMMOAEACTBME M3nv'tEHMR C BEUl.ECTBOM"
PeAlIC1'CIp
H.8. IUYM8K068 H.M. rBHKUH8
TUN. pealKTOP
KoppelC1'op
8.3.
PeweTHUKOS8
11"- 8616~
TIoMH,caHO B nesars 12/Y-1981r. C1lopMa"60 x 841jl6 06'beM Y'I.-H3A.j1.1.5.THpa)l( 230 JK3. IJ;eHa 8 xon, IhA. N° 030-1 311Ka3491
Tanorparpaa Ml1C1lI1, Kaumpcxoe urocce, 1
2 nJI.
Cm~COK oneqa-rOK
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\
13
C-rp0K13 11.
\
6.13
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